Integers

Integers
• The set of whole numbers and
their opposites
• The set of numbers used on the number line
is called the set of integers
• This set can be written
{…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
• The number line is made up of 3 sets of
numbers
– Natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, …
– Whole numbers 0, 1, 3, 4, …
– Integers …, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …
• We can use a Venn Diagram to
represent thee 3 sets of numbers
and their relationship to one
another
Operations with
Integers
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
Addition of Integers
• When the signs of the numbers being added
are the same, add their absolute values--The
sign of the answer is the same as the sign of
the numbers added together
• When the signs of the numbers being added
are different, subtract their absolute values--
The sign of the answer is the same as the
number with the largest absolute value
 Rules for Addition
• Positive + Positive = Positive

• Positive + Negative = Depends

• Negative + Positive = Depends

• Negative + Negative = Negative

 How to solve positive + negative or
negative + positive

• Absolute Value: This is the number of

spaces from zero on the number line.
• Example: the absolute value of 10 is 10
the absolute value of -10 is 10
Once you find the absolute value of each
number you subtract and take the sign of
the greater number.
Subtraction of
Integers
• Add the opposite and refer to the addition
rules (change the subtraction to addition
and change the sign of the number being
subtracted)
Example
• Here is another problem: -2 – 8 = x
• Switching the problem to an addition
problem, it becomes -2 + (-8) = x, which is
equal to -10.
•
• 6 - (-20) = x is equal to 6 + 20, which is 26.

• -7 - (-1) = x is the same as -7 + 1, which is

-6.
Multiplication of
Integers
• When the sign of the numbers being
multiplied are the same, multiply the
numbers--The sign of the answer is positive
• When the sign of the numbers being
multiplies are different, multiply the
numbers--The sign of the answer is
negative
 Rules for Multiplication
• Positive x Positive = Positive

• Positive x Negative = Negative

• Negative x Positive = Negative

• Negative x Negative = Positive

Example
• The fourth rules follows the pattern that when two
numbers of the same sign are multiplied the
answer is always positive.
• -8 x 3 = -24
• -8 x 2 = -16
• -8 x 1 = -8
• -8 x 0 = 0
• -8 x -1 = 8
• -8 x -2 = 16
• -8 x -3 = 24
Division of Integers
• Same as the rules for multiplication of
Integers
 Rules for Division with Integers
• Positive ÷ Positive = Positive

• Positive ÷ Negative = Negative

• Negative ÷ Positive = Negative

• Negative ÷ Negative = Positive

Example
• -9 ÷ 3 = -3
20 ÷ (-4) = -5
• -18 ÷ (-3) = 6