Fall 2007

Heru Wijayanto, MM. MBA

Introduction
Computers are showing up
everywhere you look, and
even in places you can't see.

The computer is rapidly

becoming.

There are different kinds of

computers for different
purposes
A computer is an
electronic device that
executes the
instructions in a
program.
Computer
A computer has four Input
Input
functions:

a. accepts data - Input

b. processes data - Processing
c. produces output - Output
d. stores results - Storage
Output

The Information Processing Cycle

Some Beginning Terms
Hardware 
the physical parts of the computer.
Software 
the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do
Data 
individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered
Information 
data which has been massaged into a useful form, like a complete
mailing address
Default 
the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.
What makes a computer powerful?
Speed
A computer can do billions of actions
per second.

Reliability
Failures are usually due to human
error, one way or another. (Blush for
us all!)

Storage
A computer can keep huge amounts
of data.
Mainframe
The main frame is the
workhorse of the business
world. A main frame is the
heart of a network of
computers or terminals
which allows hundreds of
people to work at the same
time on the same data. It
requires a special
environment - cold and dry.
Supercomputers
Computer Hardware Basic
Inside the CPU
 Microprocessors: The Main Engine
The microprocessor is the brains inside your system.
It processes all the instructions necessary for your computer to perform its duties.
The more powerful the microprocessor chip, the faster and more efficiently your
system runs.

Different computers have different types of microprocessor chips. (INTEL and

AMD)

In addition to having different chip

manufacturers (and different chip families
from the same manufacturer), you'll also
run into microprocessor chips that run at
different speeds. CPU speed today is
measured in gigahertz (GHz).
Computer Memory: Temporary
Storage
Memory is measured in terms of
bytes. One byte is equal to
approximately one character in a
word processing document.
A unit equaling approximately one
thousand bytes (1,024, to be exact)
is called a kilobyte (KB), and a unit of
approximately one thousand (1,024)
kilobytes is called a megabyte (MB).
A thousand megabytes is a gigabyte
(GB).
Most computers today come with at
least 256MB of memory, and it's not
uncommon to find machines with 1GB
or more. To enable your computer to
run as many programs as quickly as
possible, you need as much memory
installed in your system as it can
acceptor that you can afford.
If your computer doesn't possess
enough memory, its CPU must
constantly retrieve data from
permanent storage on its hard disk. In
fact, if your machine doesn't have
enough memory, some programs will
run very slowly (or you might
experience random system crashes),
and other programs won't run at all!
Hard Disk Drives: Long-Term
Storage
A hard disk consists of numerous
metallic platters. These platters
store data magnetically.
Before data can be stored on any
disk, including your system's hard
disk, that disk must first be
formatted. A disk that has not been
formatted cannot accept any data.
1.  All data is erased.
      Don't forget this!!

2.  Surfaces are checked

for physical and
magnetic defects.

3.  A root directory is

created to list where
things are on the disk.
 Step Measured as: Click to start and stop
animations
1. seek seek time
move the head to proper (ms)
track
2. rotate rotational delay
rotate disk under the head (ms)
to the correct sector
3. settle settling time
head lowers to disk; (ms)
wait for vibrations from
moving to stop
(actually touches only on
floppies)
4. data transfer   data transfer rate
  (kbs)
copy data to main memory
Removable Disk Drives: Portable
Storage
Along with a hard disk drive, some
computers have a removable disk
drive. (A standard 3 1/2'' floppy disk
only holds 1.44MB of data.)

If you want to transfer data from one

PC to another, there are better
technologies availablesuch as USB
keychain drives, which use flash
memory to store several hundred
megs of data in a device you can
hold in the palm of your hand.
CD-ROM Drives: Storage on a Disc
Information is encoded at a disc-
manufacturing plant, using an
industrial-grade laser.
Data is read from the CD-ROM via a
drive that uses a consumer-grade laser.
By the way, the ROM part of CD-ROM
means that you can only read data
from the disk; unlike normal hard disks
and diskettes, you can't write new data
to a standard CD-ROM.
However, recordable (CD-R) and
rewritable (CD-RW) drives are available
that do let you write data to CD.
DVD Drives: Even More Storage on a
Disc
DVDs can contain up to 4.7GB of data (for a single-
layer disc) or 8.5GB of data (for a double-layer disc).
Similar to standard CD-ROMs, most DVDs are read-
only although all DVD drives can also read CD-ROMs.
In addition, most DVD drives play full-length DVD
movies, which turns your PC into a mini movie
machine. And, just as there are recordable CD-ROM
drives, you can also find recordable DVD drives, which
let you record an entire movie on a single disc.
Keyboards: Fingertip Input
A computer keyboard, looks and
functions just like a typewriter
keyboard, except that computer
keyboards have a few more keys.
Some of these keys (such as the
arrow, PgUp, PgDn, Home, and End
keys) enable you to move around
within a program or file.

Other keys provide access to special

program features. When you press a
key on your keyboard, it sends an
electronic signal to your system unit
that tells your machine what you want
it to do.

Most keyboards that come with new

PCs hook up via a cable to the back of
your system unit or wireless.
Mice: Point-and-Click Input Devices
 A computer mouse, is a
small handheld device.
 Mice come in all shapes
and sizes. Some have
wires, and some are
wireless.
 Trackballs, joysticks,
game controllers, and
pen pads all count as
input devices.
Modems: Getting Connected
 Enables your computer to
connect to telephone lines
and transmit data to and
from the Internet and
commercial online
services.
 Most broadband modems
connect to your PC either
via USB or via an Ethernet
connection.
CRT and LCD Monitor

14”, 15”, 17”, 21”

Printers: Making Hard Copies
 Dot Matrix
 Inkjet Printer
 Laset Printer
 Combination with scan
and fax Printer
Laptop PCsLightweight All-in-One
Systems
 Laptop PCs, feature a
flip-up LCD screen.
 All laptop PCs include
some sort of built-in
pointing device.
 Small sizes and light
weight.
 Operate on battery
power.
 More Expensive