Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NO SURPRISES:
Sexual Health Planning
If you don’t want children now, what are you doing
to avoid pregnancy?
Abstinence? Oral Contraception? Condoms?
Early labor
Low birth weight
Eye and respiratory infections
Stillbirth
www.cdc.gov
STIs
There are three ways of having sex that can put
you at risk for an STI:
• Vaginal Sex*
• Anal Sex
• Oral Sex
Bacterial Infections
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia…
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Symptoms
Called a “silent disease” as most people present no symptoms
and do not know they are infected
Women: Men:
•Vaginal discharge •Discharge from penis
•Burning urination •Burning urination
•Pain during sex •Burning, itching,
swelling, pain in penis and
testicles
*Symptoms may also appear in mouth or rectum after oral or anal sex with an infected person
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Symptoms
Infected Cervix
Normal Cervix
Chlamydia: Symptoms
Chlamydia: Fertility in Women
If left untreated, Chlamydia can lead to:
• Epididymitis
• Infertility
www.cdc.gov
Chlamydia: Pregnancy
www.cdc.gov
Conjunctivitis in an Infant
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Symptoms
Like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea is called a “silent disease” as most people
present no symptoms and do not know they are infected.
Women Men
* Symptoms may also appear in mouth or rectum after oral or anal sex with an infected person
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrheal Discharge
In a Woman In a Man
But remember: symptoms are not always this obvious and you cannot
tell if someone has an STI just by looking!
Gonorrhea: Fertility
Like Chlamydia, if left untreated
Gonorrhea can lead to:
Infertility
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: Pregnancy
Affects in Infants:
Bacteria can infect an infant during vaginal delivery
Can cause:
Blindness
www.cdc.gov
Gonorrhea: New York Statistics 2008
Extremely contagious
Syphilis Chancre in a Man
Syphilis Chancre in a Woman
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis Rash
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis: Pregnancy
Syphilis can pass through the placenta and
infect the unborn fetus
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis in Infants
Syphilis in Infants
Congenital Syphilis in
New York State:
2008: 23 cases
2009: 19 cases
Treatment:
Antibiotics can cure syphilis - but they cannot
undo any damage already done to the body
www.cdc.gov
Syphilis: New York Statistics 2008
Herpes
Hepatitis B,C
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
www.cdc.gov
Herpes
Herpes: Transmission
www.cdc.gov
Herpes: Symptoms
www.cdc.gov
Herpes: Symptoms
• Bleeding disorders
• Death
www.cdc.gov
Herpes in Infants
In 2009 in New York State, there were 13 cases of neonatal herpes, 4 deaths
nyc.gov/health
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis B, C Transmission
Spread through sex with an infected person
Contact with infected blood, including through
unsterilized tattoo, piercing and acupuncture
needles
Infants can be born with hepatitis
www.cdc.gov
Hepatitis B,C: Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Nausea, vomiting
Inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C
Infection can cause liver damage and health problems later in the
child’s life
www.cdc.gov
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
The Most Common STI in America
www.cdc.gov
HPV: Detection and Treatment
Detection:
Women: Annual Pap smear
Treatment:
There is no cure for HPV
www.cdc.gov
HPV: Gardasil Vaccine
www.gardasil.com
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
HIV and AIDS: What’s the difference?
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Transmission
• Vaginal Fluids
• Blood
• Breast Milk
• Kissing
• Hugs
• Mosquitoes
• Public Toilets
HIV: Symptoms
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Pregnancy
Mother-to-child transmission can be reduced from
30% to 2% with medical interventions:
www.cdc.gov
HIV: Detection and Treatment
Detection
• Blood test
• Oral swab
Treatment
• There is no cure for HIV
www.cdc.gov
STI Prevention
ABC
STI Prevention
Abstinence
• Not having sex is the only 100% way to avoid
STIs and pregnancy
• Prolonging sexual debut can reduce risk for
STIs
• You don’t have to be sexually active to make a
reproductive plan, make one before you start!
STI Prevention
But it is not reasonable to expect people to
remain abstinent their entire lives
Remember:
• Oral and anal sex are still sex
Be faithful
• Be in an exclusive, monogamous
relationship
• Get tested, as a couple, before you have
sex
• If you’re not in an exclusive relationship,
use a condom every time
STI Prevention
Condoms
Condoms are highly effective in preventing
the sexual transmission of HIV
Can reduce the risk of other STDs
www.cdc.gov
STI Prevention
How to use a Condom:
• Check the expiration date
• Put the condom on before any genital contact occurs
Never:
• Use two condoms at once
• Re-use a condom
The Female Condom
STI and Pregnancy Prevention
You can combine the ABCs to find a plan that
fits your life.
• Diaphragms
• Spermicidal gels
• IUDs