LINGUISTIC AND PERCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVITY:

TOWARDS A TYPOLOGY OF NARRATIVE VOICE

I. PART ONE: LINGUISTIC SUBJECTIVITY

Chapter One: The Case For Linguistic Subjectivity
I.1 Jakobson's shifters: the need for an extension
I.2 Problems with Jakobson's "non-shifters"
I.3 Suggested adjustments to Jakobson's model
I.4 Jakobson's linguistic functions
I.5 Emile Benv‚niste's legacy: the nature of linguistic# subjectivity

I.6 Narratology's need for enunciatory linguistics

Summary
Chapter Two: Deictic Subjectivity: The Category Of Person
II.1 Egocentricity of Deixis
II.1.1 Towards a definition of deixis
II.1.2 Affinities between deixis and perspective
II.2 Person deixis
II.2.1 Affinities between person deixis and place deixis
II.2.2 Canonical uses of person deixis
II.2.3 Subjective factors affecting the use of person deixis
II.2.4 Sample subjective effects
II.2.5 Displacements of person deixis
Summary
Chapter Three: Deictic Subjectivity: The Category of Space
III.1 The localist hypothesis
III.2 Fixed standardised Norms
III.3 Relativistic space
III.4 Spatial dimensions
III.5 The ostensive function of spatial locatives
III.6 Come versus Go
III.7 Manipulation of spatial coordinates for stylistic ends
Summary
Chapter Four: Deictic Subjectivity:The Categories of Tense and Aspect 96
IV.1 Objectivity versus subjectivity in the perception of # time

IV.2 The Localist hypothesis

IV.3 Now versus then
IV.4 The category of tense
IV.4.1 The centrality of the present tense: binary opposition # present vs non-present

IV.4.2 Exemplification of the opposition present vs non-# present

IV.4.3 Tenses as styles

IV.5. The category of Aspect
Summary
Chapter Five: Deictic Subjectivity: The Category of Demonstratives
V.1 Demonstratives as definite expressions
V.2 Demonstratives as shifters
V.3 Opacity of reference of demonstratives
V.4 Canonical vs Displaced uses of Demonstratives
V.5 Sample affective effects in the use of demonstratives
V.6 Anaphoric uses of demonstratives
V.7 Cataphoric uses of demonstratives
Summary
Chapter Six: Restrictive Subjectivity: The Articles, Quantifiers And Intensifier
VI.1 The articles
VI.1.1 The definite article
VI.1.2 The indefinite article
VI.1.3 The Zero article
VI.2 The quantifiers
VI.3 The intensifiers
Summary
Chapter Seven: Modal, Selective and Presentational Subjectivity
VII.1 Modal subjectivity
VII.1.1 Towards an extended definition of modality
VII.1.2 Epistemic modalities
VII.1.3 Deontic modality
VII.1.4 Expressive modality: the mood
VII.1.5 Implicit modality
VII.2 Selective subjectivity: lexical items
VII.2.1 Conceptual vs associative meaning
VII.2.2 Leech's social and affective meaning
VII.2.3 Leech's collocative meaning
VII.2.4 Subjectivity in language involving perception
VII.2.5 lexical selection provides information on the speaker
VII.2.6 Subjectivity in reporting an embedded speech
VII.2.7 Leech's Social meaning: Register variations
VII.3 Formal and Presentational subjectivity
VII.4 Language as an index to personality
Summary
II PART TWO: PERCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVITY
Chapter Eight: Subjectivity in Visual Perception
VIII.1 The Inherent Subjectivity of Perception
VIII.2 Visual Perception as an Indicator of Point of View
VIII.3 Case Study: Visual perception in Robbe-Grillet's # Jealousy

VIII.3.1 Sensitivity to light

VIII.3.2 The inferred viewing position of the observer
VIII.3.3 Narrowed focus
VIII.3.4 Evaluative depiction of the scene
VIII.3.5 Conclusion to the case study
Summary
Chapter Nine: Subjectivity in Auditory Perception
IX.1 First-person narratives
IX.1.1 Identity crisis in a first-person narrative
IX.1.2 Multiple layers of embedding in a first-person # narrative

IX.2 Third-person narratives

IX.2.1 Duality of perceptual centres in a third-person# narrative
IX.2.2 Spatiotemporal subjectivity in disengaged third-person# narrative

IX.2.3 Subjective degrees of audibility in disengaged third- # person narrative

IX.2.4 Epistemic subjectivity in disengaged third-person # narrative

Summary
Chapter Ten: Subjectivity in Olfactory and Gustatory Perception
X.1 Subjectivity in olfactory perception
X.2 Spatiotemporal anchorage in olfactory perception
X.3 Effects of ego's shifting position
X.4 Emotional parameters affecting the perception of distance
X.5 Degrees of ability to perceive smell
X.6 Sensitivity to smell as an indicator of personality
X.7 Gustatory perception
Summary
Chapter Eleven: Subjectivity in Cutaneous Perception
XI.1 The subjective nature of cutaneous perception
XI.2 Identification of touch by Inference
XI.3 Degrees of certainty in spatio-temporal location
XI.4 Degrees of precision in the identification of stimuli through# touch

XI.5 Touch as an indicator of character:

Summary
CONCLUSION