The Copenhagen Climate

Summit
TEAM 5
GROUP MEMBERS
 Anju Anna Kurian
 Dilip.N
 Kiran Joy
 Nimmy Mathew
 Ullas Udayakumar
What is the Copenhagen Earth
Summit?
 The 2009 United Nations Climate Change
Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen
Summit, was held at the Bella Center in
Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 December and
18 December.
 COP15 is the official name of the Copenhagen
climate change summit — the 15th Conference of
the Parties (COP) under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
 Copenhagen UN climate summit is a successor
treaty to the Kyoto protocol.
 Kyoto Protocol
 Adopted for use in 2005, The Kyoto Protocol is an
international environmental treaty under the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) that established legally binding guidelines
for the reduction of four greenhouse gasses (CO2,
methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and the
gas groups of hydro fluorocarbons and per
fluorocarbons.
 Industrialized countries that ratified, or “agreed to”, the
protocol committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by 5.2% over 1990’s emission rate.  As of January 2009,
there were 183 participating countries working to reduce
their emissions.
 Why we should be scared of
global warming?
 Science says that the average temperature on earth has been
rising rapidly.
 And it says this is the result of growing concentrations of
'greenhouse gases' that are emitted whenever any fuel is burnt
to produce energy.
 Science also says that if something is not done immediately to
stop the increase in the concentrations of these gases, there
will be catastrophic consequences in the next few decades.
 Glaciers will melt, sea levels will rise, low-lying areas will be
submerged, crops will be damaged, extreme weather events
like cyclones and storms will become more frequent.
 In short, the world will become a difficult place to live in and
millions of people may lose their lives.
What the Copenhagen meet would do
about the problem?

Itwas expected to come up with an agreement

that would make it legally binding for rich and
developed countries to reduce their GHG
emissions by specific amounts by a certain date,
possibly 2020.

The Copenhagen meet is expected to fix bigger

targets on these countries for a period beyond
2012 and till 2020.
THE PROBLEM WITH DEVELOPED
NATIONS..
 More than 80 per cent of the accumulated
GHGs in atmosphere have been emitted by these
countries since they were the first ones to
industrialise.
They continue to emit more: a handful of about
30 rich countries account for nearly half the
global emissions.
Their average per capita emission is more than
twice the world average and at least ten times
more than that of India.
A lot of it results from wasteful and luxurious
consumption of energy.
It doesn't mean the rest can just sit
back and do nothing, does it?
Every country needs to take steps to reduce its
energy consumption.
But unlike rich countries, they do not have to affix
targets and the reduction targets are not legally
binding. This has been done so that the developing
countries don't find themselves constrained in their
effort to increase economic activity and reduce
poverty.
Development and poverty reduction have been
recognised as the primary and overriding concern
for these countries and that includes India.
DO ALL AGREE TO THIS??
In principle, yes, but there are sharp differences
over the details.
Rich countries, for example, want big, emerging
economies like India and China to also take
some sort of targeted reductions in their rapidly
growing emissions.
Developing countries, on the other hand, are
demanding more ambitious emission cuts from
the rich countries. They are also asking for
transfer of technology and money to cope with
the effects of a problem that is essentially the
making of rich countries.
FAILURE OF THE SUMMIT??
The Copenhagen summit 2009 ended without
adopting a treaty to replace the Kyoto protocol
in2012.
Developing countries being able to resist the
moves of the developed countries sign up to a
treaty to legally binding emission targets without
bothering about their development needs.
Developing countries prevented the developed
countries to fix a peaking year before which they
must reduce their carbon emission.
SUCCESS???

•Copenhagen offered a greater opportunity to focus the

sustained attention of the entire world on climate
change ,educated us about the science involved and made
us evaluate our will to act.
Perspective established by Developed
and Developing Nations
Perspective of Developed nations
Some Developed nations are
USA
Canada
Japan
EU
Australia
New Zealand
Developed countries might not need to increase
their energy consumption now but their current
consumption is already very high.

Rich and developed countries to reduce their

GHG emissions by specific amounts by a certain
date, possibly 2020

GHGs in atmosphere emitted by these countries

are more since they were the first ones to
industrialise.
The emission reduction targets proposed by
the US in COP15 are completely in line with
what is being debated in the US Congress.
The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 that makes it
mandatory for a group of rich countries to
reduce their collective emissions by 5.2 per
cent from their 1990 levels by 2012.
The Copenhagen meet is expected to fix
bigger targets on these countries for a period
beyond 2012 and till 2020.
Perspective Developing countries

Developing countries include

China
India
Brazil
SA
The group includes China, the world’s greatest
emitter of carbon emissions.

Developing countries, including China and

India, believe it is the responsibility of
developed nations such as the UK and US to
set a clear example on cutting carbon
emissions.
China is likely to be satisfied with the
commitment by developed countries to
provide both short and long-term funding.

Developing countries said that the developed

countries should contribute about 1% of their
GNP

Technology transfer from developed to

developing countries
Impacts on Industrial Development
Industries now focuses on
Industrial policies needs to be reassessed

Excess consumption and wastage of energy

has to be prevented.

Reduce carbon emissions

More efficient technologies have to be

found.
Non renewable resources to renewable
resources

Clean energy technology

Maximum utilization of non renewable

resources

Give more importance to Sustainable

development
Thank You