CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION

1. TYPES OF CELL RESPIRATION

Complete the concept map below by naming the 2 types of cell respiration and writing
writing their equations.

CELL RESPIRATION

1. 2.

a. Equation :

In Human Muscle In plants

b.Equation : c.Equation :

2. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

a. Similarities : 1.
2.
3.

b. Differences :

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

1. Presence of
Oxygen

2. Amounts of
Energy released

3. Products

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 4. Breaking down of
Glucose

5. Site of respiration

3. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN HUMAN MUSCLES

 ______________________ occurs in human muscles during vigorous excercises

because supply of oxygen is insufficient and the muscles have to carry out

anaerobic respiration to produce ___________.

 During anaerobic respiration, ____________ is broken down in the absence of

___________ to form _____________ and __________ for muscle contraction.

 Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles causing muscular _________ .

 An ________________ incurred because the maximum rate of oxygen used is

less than the oxygen supplied.

 Rapid _____________ continues after vigorous exercise to obtain sufficient

oxygen to pay off the oxygen debt. Oxygen oxidises the _______________ to

_____________________, ______________ and __________ .

 When all the lactic acid is oxidised, the _________________ is said to be paid off.

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 4. Write word equation that summaries aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration in yeast
cells and human skeletal muscle cell. (give the number of ATP produced)

(a) i. Aerobic respiration in yeast cells.

_________________________________________________________________

ii. Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.

_________________________________________________________________

iii. Anaerobic respiration in human skeletal muscle cells.

_______________________________________________________________

(b) Under what conditions can plant root cells and mammalian skeletal muscle cells
undergo anaerobic respiration?

i. Plant root cells

_________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

ii. Mamalian skeletal muscle cells

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

iii. How is an oxygen debt repaid?

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

(c) Explain the possible effects of a decrease in temperature on anaerobic respiration in

yeast cells.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 5. RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES IN HUMAN AND OTHER ORGANISMS

The table below shows a brief comparison between the respiratory system of a man
and that of other organisms. Complete the table.

Organism Respiratory Respiratory Characteristics of adaptation of

Structure Surface respiratory
surfaces for gaseous exchange
Protozoa * large surface area because of its _______
size
* plasma membrane is ________ and
_______ to increase the rate of diffusion of
gas
Fish *large surface area because of numerous
____________ and ___________ on gills
for faster diffusion of gases.
* Gill filaments have ________ and
__________membranes to increase rate
of diffusion of gases.
* A network of blood capillaries in the gill
filaments to _________ rate of diffusion of
gases
Insect * many fine ____________ to increase
surface area for diffusion.
* A layer of _______ on the walls of the
tracheoles

Amphibians * ___________ surface area

* _________ and ________ respiratory
surfaces
* A network of ___________________

Human * large surface area because of numerous

___________ in ________.
* The alveolus epithelium is _________ and
_________.
* A network of ________________ at alveoli
to increase rate of diffusion .

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 6. Figure 3 shows a respiratory structure of a grasshopper.

(a) Name the parts labeled P, Q, R, S in the Figure 3.

(b) R is a system of tubes available throughout the whole body of an insect.

i. What is the function of R?

_____________________________________________________________

ii. What is one distinct characteristic on the wall of R?

______________________________________________________________

iii. What is the purpose of this distinct characteristic in (b) ii?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(c) S represents a series of finer tubes that branches out from the ends of R.
i. State two differences in the wall structure between S and R.

_______________________________________________________________

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 _______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

ii. How is oxygen delivered to the body cells?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

(d) Explain how larger insects like the grasshopper are able to ventilate their tracheal
system.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7. Draw and label the cross section of a gill of a fish.

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 8. EXCHANGE OF GASES AT TNE ALVEOLUS

a. Name gas (i) P (ii) Q

b. Name the type of air (i) X (ii) Y
c.. Fill in the blanks

X
Y

P
 _______ partial pressure of oxygen
 _______ partial pressure of carbon
dioxide
Q

 ________ partial pressure of oxygen

 ________ partial pressure of carbon
dioxide

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 9. Figure 4 shows the transportation of respiratory gases from the alveoli in the lungs to
the body cells and back to the lungs.

(a) State three features of the alveoli in order to function efficiently as a

respiratory surface.

1._____________________________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________

(b) State the relationship between

i. the levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide at P and Q,

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

ii. the levels of partial pressure of oxygen at P and Q.

____________________________________________________________________

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 c) In what forms are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
i. Oxygen

__________________________________________________________________

ii. Carbon dioxide

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

iii. Suggest how deficiency in dietary iron would affect the transportation of
oxygen in the human body?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(d) What would happen if a person accidentally inhales excessive amount of carbon
monoxide into his lungs?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

10. EXCHANGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN GREEN LEAVES UNDER DIFFERENT

LIGHT INTENSITIES.

Fill in the blanks.

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  In the dark, only the process of _____________ occurs.

_______________________ is released to the atmosphere

 In dim light that is _________ light intensity, both processes of _____________

and ______________ occur. The amount of carbon dioxide released during

_____________ is the _______ as the amount of carbon dioxide used up during

_____________ . This is because the rate of respiration is ________ to the rate

of _________________ .

 In bright light that is _________ light intensity, the absorption of carbon dioxide

is _______ than the release of carbon dioxide. This is because rate of

photosynthesis is ____________ than the rate of respiration. Hence more carbon

dioxide is needed.

..

11. Figure 3 shows the rate of carbon dioxide exchange of a green plant at various light
intensities.

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 (a) Name the metabolic process(es) carried out by the green plant at points P, Q and R.

P__________________________________________________________________

Q__________________________________________________________________

R__________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) Which is the compensation point?

____________________________________________________________________

(ii) At what light intensity is the compensation point?

____________________________________________________________________

(c) Explain the physiological changes in the green plant between points P and Q.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(d) Comment on the compensation point of

i. shade-tolerant plants and
ii.shade-intolerant plants

i.______________________________________________________________

ii._______________________________________________________________

(e) At which parts of the day is a green plant at its compensation point?

_________________________________________________________________

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 Paper 3 Exercise

QUESTION 1

1. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on lungs.

The following steps were carried out.

Step 1 : The initial temperature in the U-tube before and after the experiment
was recorded.

Step 2 : The cigarette was lighted until the butt

Step 3 : The filter pump was ran to suck up the cigarette smoke into the U-tube

Step 4: The experiment was repeated with 3 cigarette butt.

Step5: The colour of moist cotton was observed as well as bicarbonate indicator

Diagram below shows the apparatus set up used in this experiment.

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 Temperature
No of Cigarette

1 butt

3 butts

a)
Record the final temperature in the boxes provided in Table 1.

b) (i) State two different observations made from Table 1.

1 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observation in (b)(i).

1 : ……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………..
2 : ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….

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 Complete Table 2 based on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables Particulars to be implemented

Manipulated variable How to alter the manipulated variable

………………………………. …………………………………………..
………………………………. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….

Responding variable How to determine the responding variable

………………………………. …………………………………………..
………………………………. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

Controlled variable How to maintain the controlled variable

………………………………. …………………………………………..
………………………………. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………

1(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………….

QUESTION 2

2.
Yeast is used to make bread. To produce a spongy and
soft bread, the dough can not be directly put into a hot
oven after is kneaded. The dough will not rise because
the yeast is killed by the high temperature.

Temperature is one of the abiotic components that affect the activity of

microorganisms like yeast.
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of
microorganism.

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 The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects :
● Problem statement
● Objective of study
● Hypothesis
● Variables
● List of materials and apparatus
● Technique used
● Experimental procedure or method
● Presentation of data
● Conclusion

Scoring Criteria:
Able to state 7-9 planning investigation of experiment following:
• Problem statement (PS) – idea
• Aim of investigation / Objective (Ob) – Relation between C1 and
C2
• Statement of hypothesis (HP) – idea
• States variables – (Vb)
• List of materials and apparatus (AP)
• Technique (Tq) – Correctly and accurately (Bonus 1) = 1 mark Sample
Answer: Example
Catch , mark, release, catch again technique
** Reject :Capture - recapture
• Procedure / Method of investigation (PD)– must have at least one
criteria either C1 @ C2 @ C3 @ C4 @ C5
• Data presentation // presentation of result (DP) – Have table with title
and unit

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