SOC. SCI.

122

Group I
Valerie L. Cruz
Jackie Lou Abellanoza
Janine Fernando
CULTURE
 Culture includes the ideas, norms,
artifacts, and symbols of societies and
emphasizes the meanings of these
things. Sociology of culture studies
cultural impacts on societies and of
social interaction. Sociology of culture
is incredibly varied with many different
approaches and emphases.
Culture can also be seen to play a specific
function in social life. According to
Griswold, "The sociological analysis of
culture begins at the premise that culture
provides orientation, wards off chaos, and
directs behavior toward certain lines of
action and away from others." Griswold
reiterates this point by explaining that,
"Groups and societies need collective
representations of themselves to inspire
sentiments of unity and mutual support,
and culture fulfills this need."In other
words, culture can have a certain
utilitarian function – the maintenance of
order as the result of shared
understandings and meanings.
Types Of Cultures
POLITICAL CULTURE
"Political culture is all of the discourses,
values, and implicit rules that express and
shape political action and intentions,
determine the claims groups may and may
not make upon one another, and ultimately
provide a logic of political action". So, what
does political culture usually stand for? It is
the set of rules and traditions that are used in
this or that country by the acting political
elite with the aim of assumption and
retention of power. This kind of culture has
always been present in any and all kinds of
communities as each of them has a certain
channel of authority. We may relegate
political culture to any individual,
organization, nation and alliance of states.
STRATEGIC CULTURE

'Strategic culture' is essentially

connected with the ways nations
and other formed groups select to
attain own goals and in particular
the cultural factors which affect
the way they seek cooperation or
competition in the international
scene.
'ORGANIZATION CULTURE'
The typical ways societies
structure power relations in
institutions, organize groups
to achieve goals, and promote
economic activities. Patterns
of leadership, manager-
worker relations, styles of
cooperation and conflict,
patterns of openness and
secrecy, can be affected by
broader cultural conceptions.
COMPONENTS OF
CULTURE
Symbols - is something such as an object,
picture, written word, sound, or particular
mark that represents something else by
association, resemblance, or convention.
Language - a body of words and the
systems for their use common to a people
who are of the same community or nation,
the same geographical area, or the same
cultural tradition.
Values and Beliefs - Values are deeply
held beliefs about what is good, right, and
appropriate.
Norms - reflect what is actually
happening insociety.
Shared rules of conduct that tell people
on how to behave in a society.

♥ Mores and Folkways -the established

practices of a society rather than its written laws.
They consist of shared understandings about the
kinds of behavior likely to evoke approval,
disapproval, toleration or sanction, within particular
contexts.

♥ Social Control – the social mechanisms that

regulate individual and group behavior, leading to
conformity and compliances to the rules of a given
society or social group.
"Ideal" and "Real" Culture - ideal culture is
what the values say we believe in, what we
should practice, while real culture is what
actually exists.

Material Culture and Technology –

Material and nonmaterial culture are very
closely related. Artifacts, or tangible human
creations, express the values of a culture. For
instance, the Yanomamo value militaristic
skill, and devote great care to making
weapons while Canadians value independence
and build highways for our automobiles.

New Information Technology and Culture

- the industrial society is giving way to the
information society where the focus is on the
creation, processing and application of
information.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CULTURE
♥ Culture is learned and acquired. Not
all things shared generally by a population
are cultural- for it to be considered
cultural it must be first learned as well as
shared.

♥ Culture is shared and transmitted.

Culture is passed on to succeeding
generations primarily through Language/
Communication.

♥ Culture is social. Product develops by

many people interacting in a group. No
man is an island; he is always a part of a
group.
♥ Culture is ideational. Culture uses
ideas and symbols to give meanings to
his environment and experiences.
Every individual sees and approaches
his world according to standpoint of
his culture.
♥ Culture gratifies human needs.
Human has biological needs such as
food, shelter, clothing, protection,
love, security and sex.

♥ Culture is adaptive.

♥ Culture is cumulative. People are

able to retain certain features of their
culture that are significant.
FUNCTIONS OF
CULTURE
♥Trademark or special feature
that distinguishes one society
from another.
Brings together, contains and
interprets the values of a society
in a more or less systematic
manner.

♥ Provides one of the most

important bases for social
solidarity. Social Solidarity
inspires loyalty and devotion.
When the nation has common
feelings, common objectives it
results to common national pride.
♥ Provides a blueprint of, as well as
the materials for social structure.
The culture of any society is the
dominant factor in establishing and
molding the social personality. Social
stamp is expected despite differences
of individuals.

♥ Culture of a society provides

behavioral pattern. It also provides
norm to follow. This explains why
student will not come in class
wearing her bathing suit.

♥Culture provides individual with the

meaning and direction of his
existence.
 ADAPTATION OF
CULTURE

Man is one but cultures

are many …
1. Parallelism- refers to the
independent development of
culture characteristics into widely
separated cultures.

2. Diffusion- common process

of patterns and traits passing
back and forth from one culture
to another.
Ex: behavior patterns, food,
customs, rituals and festivities
3. Fission- process that can be traced
historically when a long- established
society breaks up into two or more
independent units.
Ex: Aetas of Zambales, Manobos,
Igorots, Dumagats of Palanan

4. Convergence- fusion of two or

more culture into a new one which is
somewhat different from its
predecessors.
Ex: Moorish+Spanish culture, Roman+
Germanic traits
THANK YOU!!!
HAVE A NICE
DAY :]