SOCIETY

AND
CULTURE
Target

Learning Objectives
• Explain the concept,characteristics,and major functions
of Society
• Discuss the concept and characteristic of Culture
• Giving the Importance and Functions of culture,
Elements of Culture, Components of culture, Modes
of acquiring Culture
Guess The Picture

TURCULE
CULTURE
EYTS O C I
SOCIETY
SOCIETY
 THE CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

According to sociologist, a society is a group of people with common

territory, interaction, and culture. Arcinas (2016) in his book, Undertanding Culture, Society, and Politics,
defined society as group of people who share a common territory snd culture. It is a group of people living
together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other,
and follow a certain way of life. Society is deerived from the Latin term "societas", from socius, which
means companion or associate. Thus, it refers to all people, collectively regarded as constituting a
community of related, interdependent individuals living in a definite place, following a certain mode of life
(Ariola, 2012).

Definition of society has two types the functional definition and the
structural definition. From the functional point of view, society is defined as a complex of groups in
reciprocal relationships, interacting upon one another, enabling human organisms to carry on their life-
activities and helping each person to fulfill his wishes and accomplish his interests in association with his
fellows. From the structural point of view, society is the total social heritage of folkways, mores and
institutions; of habits, sentiments and ideals. The important aspect of society is the system of relationships,
the pattern of the norms of interaction by which the members of the society maintain themselves.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
 It is a social system. A social system consists of individuals interacting with rach
other. A system consists of sub-parts whereby a change in one part affects the other
parts. Thus, a change in one group of individuals will affect the stability of the other
parts of the system.

 It is relatively large. The people must be socialy integrated to be considered relatively
large than if the people are individually scattered. Thus, the people in a family, clan,
tribe, neighborhood, community are socially integrated to be relatively large in scope.

 It socializes its members and from those from without. Since most of society's
members are born to it, they are taught the basic norms and expectations. Those who
come from other societies, before being accepted as functioning members, are
socialized and taught the basic norms and expectations of the society.
It endures, produces and sustains its members for generations. For
society to survive, it must have the ability to produce, endure and
sustain its new members for at least several generations. For instance,
if a society cannot assist its members during their extreme conditions
of hunger and poverty, that society will not survive long.

It holds its members through a common culture. The individuals in

a society are held together because that society has symbols, norms,
values, patterns of interaction, vision and mission that are commonly
shared by the members of such society.

It has clearly-defined geographical territory. The members in a

society must live in a certain specific habitat or place and have a
common belongingness and sense of purpose.
 MAJOR FUNCTION OF SOCIETY

 It provides a system of socialization. Knowledge and skills, dominant patterns of behavior, moral and
social values, and aspects of personality are transmitted to each members, especially to the young, the
family, the peer group, the school, the church and other government and non government organizations
play a role in the individual's development.

 It provides the basic needs of its members. Food, clothing, shelter, medicine, education,
transportations and communication facilities, among others must be provided by society to satisfy the
basic needds of its members.

 It regulates and controls people's behavior. Conformity to the prevailing norms of conduct ensures
social control. The police, armed forces, law enforcement agencies and even the church and other
government and non-government organizations exist as means of social control. Peace and order are
created through a system of norms and formal organizations.
  It provides the means of social participation. Through social participation, the individuals in a
society learn to interact with each other, present and discuss their concerns and solve their own
problems or renew their commitment and values. the people are give the opportunities to contribute to
their knowledge and skills for the betterment of their family, neighborhood and community. religious
organizations, civic organizations, people's organizations (PO) and non-government organizations
(NGOs) do their part in community developement.

 It provides mutual support to the members. Mutual support is provided to the members of society in
the form of relief in any form and solution to problems met by them. This form of assistance may come
from the family, neighbors, clans, government and non-government agencies, civic and religious
organizations.
CULTURE
 CONCEPT OF CULTURE

 Culture is a historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of

inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic form by means of which men communicate,
perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life. - Clifford Geertz

 Culture consists of learned systems of meaning, communicated by means of natural

language and other symbol systems, having representational, directive, and affective
functions, and capable of creating cultural entities and particular senses of reality. - Roy
D'Andrade

 Culture is an extrasomatic (nongenetic,nonbodily), temporal continuum of things and

events dependent upon symbols. Culture consists of tools implements, utensils, clothing,
ornaments, customs, institutions, beliefs,rituals, games, works of art, language, etc. - Leslie
White
 Culture consists in the shared patterns of behavior and associated meanings that people learn and
participate in within the groups to which they belong. Whitten and Hunter

 A society's culture consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a
manner acceptable to its members. - Ward Goodenough

 Culture is an instrumental reality, and apparatus for the satisfaction of the biological and derived
need". It is the integral whole consisting of implements in consumers' goods, of constitutional
characters for the various social groupings, of human ideas and crafts, beliefs and custom.
Malinowski

 Culture in general as a descriptive concept means the accumulated treasury of human creation:
books, paintings, buildings, and the like; the knowledge of ways of adjusting to our surroundings,
both human and physical; language, customs, and systems of etiquette, ethics, religion and morals
that have been built up through the ages. Kluckhohn and = Kelly

 Culture refers to that part of the total setting of human existence] which includes the material
objects of human manufacture, techniques, social orientations, points of view, and sanctioned ends
that are the immediate conditioning factors underlying behavior or in simple terms it is the "man
made part of the environmen. - Herskovits
  A culture is the total socially acquired life-way or life-style of a group of
people. It consists of the patterned, repetitive ways of thinking, feeling. and
acting that are characteristic of the members of a particular society or
segment of a society. - Harris

 The concept of culture as everything that people have, thinks, and does as
members of a society. This definition can be instructive because the three
verbs correspond to the three major components of culture. That is,
everything that people have refers to material possessions; everything that
people think refers to those things they carry around in their heads, such as
ideas, values, and attitudes; and everything that people do refers to behavior
patterns. Thus all cultures comprise (a) material objects, (b) ideas, values,
and attitudes, and (c) patterned ways of behaving. - Gary Ferraro
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

 CULTURE is learned and acquired: Culture is gained as in there are sure practices which are
obtained through heredity. People acquire certain characteristics from their folks yet socio-
social examples are not acquired. These are gained from relatives, from the gathering and the
general public wherein they live. It is in this manner clear that the way of life of individuals is
impacted by the physical and social climate through which they work.

 CULTURE is shared by a group of people: An idea or activity might be called culture in case it
is shared and accepted or rehearsed by a gathering of individuals.

 CULTURE is cumulative: Different information exemplified in culture can be passed starting

with one age then onto the next age. Increasingly more information is added in the specific
culture as the time elapses by. Each might work out answer for issues in life that passes starting
with one age then onto the next. This cycle stays as the specific culture goes with time.
 CULTURE changes there is information, musings or customs that are lost as new
social qualities are added. There are potential outcomes of social changes inside the
specific culture over the long haul.

 CULTURE is dynamic no culture stays on the perpetual state. Culture is changing

continually as novel thoughts and new procedures are added over the long haul
altering or changing the old ways. This is the attributes of culture that stems from the
way of life's total quality.

 CULTURE gives us a scope of passable standards of conduct: It includes how a

movement ought to be directed, how an individual should act properly.
 FUNCTION OF CULTURE

 Broaden the vision of individuals

 Provide behavior patterns and relationship with others
 Keep the individual behavior intact
 Moulds national character
 Define myths, legends, supernatural believes
 Creates new needs and interest
 It makes man as a human being
 To regulate the conduct and prepares the human being for group life through the
process of socialization.
 It defines the meaning of situation.
 Provides solutions for difficult situations.
 Defines values, attitudes and goals.
 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Language-The Basic to interaction and communication among people.Differs
culture to culture and its transmitted from one generation to another.
Symbols-Culture is a system symbol.Symbols are anything to used to represent
express and stand an event situation .
Norms-As elements of culture are rules and guidelines which specify the behavior
of an individual.
Values-Origin of values is a social production while living in a society the values
develop.Values depend upon the culture.
Beliefs-Every sect with in a culture having some beliefs for cultural ruge.
Cognitive Element-Those though which an individual know how to cop with an
existing social situation.
Cultural Tourism and Heritage-Refers to that segment of the tourism industry
that places special emphasis on heristage and cultural attraction.
 IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE

 Culture affects market demand.

 Managerial behavior is driven by his/her cultural knowledge.
 Knowledge of Native culture is useful when dealing with
home markets but it has little value when dealing in foreign
markets.
 Culture affects the nature of business negotiations.
 Culture acts as a hidden entry barrier, but it can be overcome
with cultural sensitivity, hard work & quality .