Philosophical Foundation

of Morality;
Personal and
Social Responsibilty;
Values
and Ethical Dilemna
 GROUP 1

CELSO MARK EZEKIEL

FULGARINAS ENGCOT
Philosophical
Foundation of
Morality
P
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L CELSO L. FULGARINAS
 Is it better to teach a
child to do the right
thing for some
reason, or because it is
right?
 MORALITY
DESCRIPTIVE SENSE NORMATIVE SENSE
-a code of conduct that,
-a specific code of given specified
conduct that a society conditions, would be put
or a group puts forward by all rational
forward or accepts by people.
an individual for one’s
behavior.
 To accept these two senses of
“morality”—a descriptive sense and a
normative sense—means that one
should not commit to holding that
distinction between descriptions and
norms but between what is and what
ought to be which is evident and
unbridgeable,” as some have held that
it does, according to Churchland
(2011).
- In the descriptive sense, any
definition of morality needs to
specify which codes should be
put forward by a society or
group to count as moral.
- As for the normative sense,
morality refers to a code of
conduct that is being accepted
by anyone who meets certain
rational and spontaneous
conditions, almost always
including the state of being
rational.
If one is not a member of the relevant
society or group, or is not the
appropriate individual, then accepting
a particular account of the content of
morality, in the descriptive sense, has
no implications for how one thinks
one should behave.
Taking account of morality in the
normative sense makes one think
some behavior is immoral. In the
normative sense, to accept an
account of morality includes this
commitment, and it is not
surprising that philosophers
seriously disagree as to which
account to accept.
According to Immanuel
Kant, morality is based
on man’s rationality, and
it is as a rational creature
that man becomes a
moral one ( Lidell, 1970).
Morality cannot be based upon any
foundation other than reason. These
moral rules must be justifiable by a
priori concepts, such as the ideas of
duty and law, which means that the
deeds of humankind may show us that
men do live by such moral rules, but
their acts cannot justify themselves.
 One should not
represent moral
goodness to children in
any excuse but its own.
The moral rules are not set up
as means to some other end
but these are established so
that people may know or
judge what the right thing to
do is. That action which is the
right thing to do is
the best reason for doing it.
THANK
YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
MORAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Moral psychology is the study
of phenomena such as moral
thought, feeling, reasoning,
and motivation. For example,
in moral psychology, one
wonders what role reasoning
and emotions play in
generating moral judgment.
Personal
Responsibility

Personal responsibility is the level of commitment

one is willing to make in setting and achieving clear
goals. In other words, being personal responsible
means taking responsibility for one's actions, words,
and performance at work. Responsible employees
understand that they are in full control of
themselves.
Example of a personal responsibility
• The responsibility to apply
attention and care in your
actions. For example, the
duty to pay attention to the
road when driving, taking care
of yourself, fulfilling
personal responsibilities,
personal growth, having a
sense of purpose and
accomplishments.
METACOGNITION
• Awareness and understanding of
one's own thought processes.
• Thinking about one's thinking.
More precisely, it refers to the
processes used to plan, monitor,
and assess one's understanding
and performance.
• Metacognition includes a critical
awareness of
a) one's thinking and learning and
b) oneself as a thinker and learner.
 Personal
Accountability

Personal accountability is being willing to accept the

consequences resulting from your choices, actions, or
behaviors. Being personally accountable means owning
the situations that you’ve been apart of. This means taking
responsibility for the outcome, whether it is good or bad,
and doing your best to rectify the situation.
 Social
responsibility
Social responsibility is an ethical framework in which an
individual is obligated to work and cooperate with other
individuals and organizations for the benefit of the
community.
 VALUES
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or
another. They serve as a guide for human behavior.
 UNIVERSAL VALUES
U n i v e r s a l v a l u e s ​​a r e t h e s e t o f
norms that are perceived as positive
and that govern behavior and
coexistence within a society , at a
g i v e n t i m e . T h e s e v a l u e s ​​s h a p e
Human Rights .

Friendship Responsibility ToleranceFreedom Truth Honesty Love

Goodness Learning Perseverance Justice Empathy Respect
Solidarity Altruism Thankfulness Self control Wisdom Compassion

Despite of any social class , personal history, age, sex or nationality.

 ETHICAL
DILEMMA
Ethical dilemmas are situations in which there is a
difficult choice to be made between two or more
options, neither of which resolves the situation in a
manner that is consistent with accepted ethical
guidelines.
ETHICAL DILEMMA
An ethical dilemma (ethical paradox) is a problem in the decision-
making process between two possible options, neither of which is
absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective. Although we
face many ethical and moral problems in our lives, most of them
come with relatively straightforward solutions.
REFERENCES
• https://www.google.com/search?
q=personal+responsibility&sxsrf=ALiCzsbgtHCaA6De8bJPatRVAK
jcKRKO_Q:1652413277852&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2
&ved=2ahUKEwj_7sqTx9v3AhU8jJUCHbnFBUIQ_AUoAXoECAIQ
Aw&biw=1229&bih=525&dpr=1.56#imgrc=-PDa9JMeoDYQLM
• https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/metacognition/
• https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en
• https://www.pachamama.org/social-justice/social-responsibility-
and-ethics
• http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/justpeace/
documents/rc_pc_justpeace_doc_20060526_compendio-dott-
soc_en.html
THANK
YOU
God bless us all
always!