wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;ESihfpyfyfvsOf;I

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyf. rl0g'rsm;/ a=unmcs

a=unmcsufrsm;/ pmwrf;rsm;rS
aumufE_wf wcf sufrsm;?;?

zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'pnf;rsOf;(,m,D)ESifh rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;(rl=urf;)rS
)rS ² ² ²

“ ² ² ² wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;.wef;wl&nfwltcGifhta&;rsm;ukd todtrSwfðyjcif;/ pdwfxm;

apwemjzLpifjcif;/ cspf=unf&if;ESSD;jcif;/ wOD;.t,ltqwOD;av;pm;jcif;/ tajccHv@l tcGifhta&;av;pm;
,kH=unfjcif;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. pmay,Ofaus;r_ESifh"avhxkH;wrf;pOfvm zGH@òzd;wnfxGef;apvkdaomqEN
tm;vkdufavsmhjcif;wkd@ukdtajcðyvsuf taumif;qkH;tajzudk&&Sdonftxdóud;yrf;rnf? ² ² ² ”
“ ² ² ² jynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;r_vkyfief;rsm;udkvGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf
OD;wnfrnf? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.arG;&mygtcGifhta&;rsm; cHpm;jynfh0a&;ESifh jynffaxmifpk}uD;wckvkH;om
,m0ajyma&;wkd@o[Zmwjzpfaprnfhrlukd vufukdifusifhokH;I jynfe,frsm;.udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhukdazmfxkwf
rnf? ² ² ² ”

ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGa=unmpmwrf;rS ² ² ²

“ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;toD;oD;onf rdrdwdk@&ydkifcGifhrsm;ESihfwm0ef,lr_wkd@wGif wef;wl&nfwl&Sdap&rnf?

xkd@jyif ² ² ²
(u) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH; vuffwJGrðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wnfwHh
cdkif+rJa&;/ jynfaxmifpkzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifpk}uD;+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ukd OD;wnfa&S@&_
rnf?
(c) jynfaxmifpkbGm;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;.tcGifhta&;wef;wl&nfwlr_udkvufcHv#uf rnf
onfhvlrdsK;ukdr#txl;tcGifhta&;ray;a&;ESifh vlrdsK;EG,f/ vlrsdK;pktm;vkH;. cHpm;xkduf/ cHpm;tyf
aom rnfonfhtcGifhta&;udkr# csKyfcs,fuef@owfr_rðya&;ukd OD;wnfa&S@&_&rnf?
(*) wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;tm;vkH;onf EkdifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u¾ paome,ftoD;oD;Y
ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&&Sda&;ukd zG@J pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ESifhtnD OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?
(i) e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ ulnD,kdif;yif;r_ 0dkif;0ef;yHhykd;
r_jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wckvHk;ESihf jynfaxmifpk}uD;.jynfe,fa'otpdwftykdif;toD;oD;. zG@Hòzd;
wkd;wufa&;ukd OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?
(q) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;wkdif;onf rdrdw@kd pmay/ bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;udk
xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufcGifh/ zGH@òzd;wkd;wufapcGifh&Sdap&rnf?
(p) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf (1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/
(2) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;/ (3) 'Drkdua&pDxGef;um;a&;/ (4) EkdifiHa&;/ (5)
pD;yGm;a&;/ (6) vlr_a&;/ (7) ynma&;/ (8) usef;rma&;/ (9) a'ozG@H òzd;a&;udpP tp&Sdonfrsm;ukd
jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;twkdif;twmjzifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufap&rnf?

a=u nm csuf t rSwf (9) rS ² ² ²

1
 (u) “jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;u¾e,fy,ftm;vHk;Y tjynfh0qkH;aom
'Drkdua&pDtajctaersm;azmfxkwfa&;ESifh ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDDEkdifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;
ukd OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”
(c) “wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH; vufwJGrðzwfpwrf;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wnf
wHhckdif+rJa&;/ jynfaxmifpk}uD;zG@H òzd;wkd;wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifpk}uD;+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk OD;wnf
a&S@&_rnf?”
(*) “jynfaxmifpkbGm;wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;. tcGihfta&;wef;wlr_udkvufcHvsuf rnfonfh
vlrsdK;ukdr# txl;tcGifhta&;ray;a&;ESihf vlrsd K;EG,fvlrsd K;pktm;vkH;. cHpm;xkduf cHpm;tyfaom
rnfonfhtcGifhta&;udkr# csKyfcs,fuef@owfr_rðya&;udk OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”
(C) “wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH; EkdifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;u¾e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y ukd,fydkif
jyXmef;cGifh&Sda&;ukdOD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”
(i) “e,fy,ftoD;oD;Ywkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ ulnD,dkif;yifr_0dkif;0ef;yHhykd;r_
jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wckvHk;ESifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;.jynfe,fa'otpdwftykdif;toD;oD;. pD;yGm;
zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;ukdOD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”
tu,fI trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzG@J csKyfu yifvHknDvmcH}uD;uJhodk@aom jynfaxmifpk}uD;.tem*wf
c&D;vrf;nGefrsm;ukdcsrSwfEkdfifrnfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkH trsdK;om;!d‡E_dif;r_nDvmcHw&yfudk ac:,lusif;yEkdif
cJhygv#if ² ² ²
(c) “ ² ² ² wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;. udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;. tcGifhta&;
wef;wl&nfwlcGifh vlrsdK;EG,f}uD;wck.e,fy,fa'otwGif;aexkdifvsuf udk,fykdifpum; udk,fykdif
,Ofaus;r_ udk,fykdife,fajra'o&Sdaom vlrsdK;i,frsm;.oD;jcm;e,fajrqkdif&m udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyf
cGifh ponfhta&;udpPrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;I trsm;oabmwlnDr#aomjyXmef;csufrsm;ukdcsrSwfrnf? ”
(*) “ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkH trsdK;om;!d‡Ed_if;r_nDvmcH}uD;wGif jynfaxmifpkbGm;wkdif;&if;om;
tm;vkH;. aoG;pnf;ckdifrmr_udk ,drf;,dkifòyduJGaeap+yD; EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; bufaygif;pkH
wGif'kuQyifv,fa0apvsuf&dSonfh jynfaxmifpkwGifppfrufzufòydifr_rsm; t+yD;tykdifajyaysmuf
csKyf+idrf;apa&;twGuf EkdifiHa&;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifhajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef !d‡Ed_if;rnf? ”
(C) “wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkH trsdK;om;!d‡Ed_if;r_nDvmcH}uD;wGif jynfaxmifpkbGm;wkdif;&if;om;
jynfe,ftm;vkH;. pD;yGm;a&;zG@H òzd;wkd;wufa&; udk,fykdifpmayxkH;wrf;,Ofaus;r_ESifhbmompum;
rsm;pnfyifxGef;um;a&;ESihf tjyeftvSefzvS,fpnf;yl;a&;wk@d twGuf ckdifrmwdusaom0kdif;0ef;yHh
ykd;r_/ tmrcHr_/ av;pm;apmifhxdef;r_/ &if;ESD;ðryfEHSr_ vkyfief;pOfcsrSwfr_rsm;ukd azmfxkwfrnf?”
[lIvnf;aumif; &Sif;vif;ajym=um;cJhayonf? txufwGifazmfjycJhonfh “ ² ² ² yifvkHnDvmcH}uD;uJhodk@aom
jynfaxmifpk}uD;. tem*wfc&D;vrf;nGefrsm;ukdcsrSwfEfdkifrnfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkH trsdK;om;!d‡Ed_if;r_
nDvmcHw&yfudkac:,lusif;yrnf ”[lonfESifhywfoufI tqkdygnDvmcHonf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfvkH;0v$rf;
rdk;aom nDvmcHjzpf&rnf[k qkdvkdjcif;jzpfygonf?

tzGJ@csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ nd‡Ed_if;+yD;a=unmcsufrS ² ² ²

ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;y+yD;pD;onfhtcg wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. EkdfifiHa&;ygwD

(21)ygwD aygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;tyfaom jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh!‡dE_dif;+yD;
29-8-98 &ufae@wGif oabmxm;a=unmcsufukdxkwfjyefcJhygonf? tqkdyga=unmcsufrS tcsuftcsdK@rsm;
rSm ² ² ²

2
(u) “ jynfol@v$wfawmfay:aygufvm+yD;v#if jynfo@l v$wfawmfuwifajr‡mufaom 'Drkdua&pD
tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;+yD; tjrefqkH;aomumvtwGif;/ jynfo@l v$wfawmf.OD;aqmifr_jzifh wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh yg0ifoifhyg0ifxdkufaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlyk*~dKvfrsm;yg0ifonfh trsdK;om;!d‡Ed_if;r_
nDvmcH}uD;w&yfusif;yI jynfaxmifpkxlaxmifa&;twGuf vrf;nGefr_rsm;csrSwfrnf? ,if;
vrf;n¸efr_rsm;ESifhtnD jynfo@l v$wfawmfua&&SnfwnfwhHcdkif+rJrnf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccH
Oya'w&yfudk a&;qGJjyXmef;twnfðy&rnf ² ² ² ”
(c) “ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf vlrsdK;pm;wef;wlnDr#r_ EkdifiHa&;wef;wlnDr#r_ESifh udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh
tjynfht0&Sdap&onfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pDESihfv@l tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmrcHcsuf&Sdaomjynfaxmifpk
ukd wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfpGmxlaxmif&ef vkdtyfa=umif; ² ² ² ”

EkdifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif tajccHoifhonfhrlrsm;ESifhpyf
pyfvsOf;I
tzGJ@csKyf.oabmxm;ESihft}uHðycsufrsm;rS ² ² ²

( 1993 rS 1997 ) umvwGif trdsK;om;nDvmcHwGifwifjycsufrsm;?;?

“ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;tcsif;csif;&kdif;yifulnDa&;ESifh cspf=unfav;pm;a&;

wkd@t+rJrjywfwkd;wufjzpfxGef;aeap&ef EkdifiHawmfuwm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&rnf? ”

“ wkdif&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf rdrdw@kd ukd;uG,fonhfbmomESihf cspfcifjrwfEkdf;onfhpum;/ pmay/ ,Of

aus;r_"avhxkH;wrf;wdk@ukd Oya'jzifhjzpfap/ trsm;tusdK;ESifhjzpfap rqef@usifv#if vGwfvyfpGmudk;
uG,fcGifh/ ðypkysdK;axmifcGifh/ ajymqdka&;om;usifhoHk;cGihf&dSonf? ”

“ EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf ² ² ²
(u) vlrsdK;/ udk;uG,fonfhbmom/ tqifhtwef;/ trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;ra&G; Oya't&mwGiftnD
tr#jzpfap&rnf? ”

“jynfe,ftm;vkH;onf TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdap&rnf? jynfe,frsm;u

jyXmef;aomOya'rSefor#onf EkdifiHawmfz@JG pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnDjzpf&rnf? tu,fI jynf
e,frsm;ujyXmef;aom Oya'w&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpk.tudsK;ukd xdckdifrnfqkdygu jynfo@l
v$wfawmfu jyefvnfpDppfykdifcGihf&dSonf? ”

jynfol@v$wfawmfwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;qdkif&mudpPrsm; jyXmef;&ef¶dSygu oufqkdif&mjynfe,frS

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;. (75)&mcdkifE_ef;ausmf oabmwlrSomv#if jynfo@l v$wf
awmfu qHk;jzwfjyXmef;cGifh¶Sdonf?

“ EdkifiHawmfonf wef;wl&nfwljzpfaom ucsif/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &cdkif/ ¶Srf; tp¶Sd
aom (135)rsdK;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;ESihf aygif;pyfzG@J pnf;xm;aom EdkifiHjzpfonf? vlrsdK;
wpfrsdK;u vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;udkvnf;aumif;/ vlrsdK;EG,fpktcsif;csif;onfvnf;aumif;/ vlwpfOD;u vl
wpfOD;udkvnf;aumif;/ v$rf;rdk;jcif;/ csKyfukdifjcif;/ acgif;yHkjzwfjcif; tvsOf;r¶Sdap&? EdkifiHawmf.
toD;tyGifhrsm;udk rdrdwdk@. um,/ Om%/ ZGJ/ 0d&d,pGrf;tm;tvdkuf tusdK;cHpm;cGifh¶Sdap&rnf? ”

3
“ ² ² ² OruGJokdufrysuf/ at;twlyltr# qufvufaexkdifoGm;=u&efESihf wef;wl&nfwlr#jzifh EkdifiH
awmf.toD;tyGifhrsm;ukd rdrdwkd@. um,/ ^m%/ 0D&d,pGrf;tm;tvkduf cHpm;oGm;=u&efjzpfyg
onf? ”

“ xkd@jyif trdsK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; rdef@=um;cJhonfh ² ² ²

(u) “ vlrsdK;qdkonfrSm 'kuQ/ okuQtwlcHpm;=uI eD;eD;pyfpyftusdK;jcif;xyf+yD;v#if ESpfy&dap>'&Snf
vsm;pGm wrdsK;wpm;wnf;[k pddwf"gwf&dSolw@dk udk wpkwnf;aygif;Iac:a0:jcif;om jzpfay
onf? trsdK;tEG,f ukduG,fonfhbmomw&m; ajymqkdonfhbmompum;wkd@ukd ta&;
xm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; pifppfrSm at;twlyltr# aumif;olqdk;zuf yl;aygif;vsufaevkd
aom tpOftvmqENtay:wGif 0HomEk&udQww&m;onf wnfaeay.? ”
[laomvrf;nGefcsufudkvnf; txl;owdxm;=utyfygonf?

“ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh TtajccH&yfwnfcsufrsm;/ oabmxm;cH,lcsufrsm;udk

xm0pOf+rJ+rJpGm udkifwG,fusifhokH;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.pnf;vkH;nD
nGwfr_ukd vkH;0xdyg;rcHEkdifyg? xkd@twl jynfaxmifpkòyduGJrnfhta&;udkvnf; vkH;0tjzpfrcHEdkifyg? xkd@
jyif trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@csKyfonf vlrsd K;}uD;0g'ukd vkH;0vufrcHa=umif; twdtvif;a=unm
xm;+yD;jzpfygonf? ² ² ² ”

“ vlom;rsm;jzpf=uonfhtm;avsmfpGm rdom;pk0ifrsm;twGif; txiftjrifvGJrSm;r_ t,ltquGJ

jym;r_rsm; &SdwwfonfrSmobm0jzpfonf? odk@aomf tcsif;csif;aqG;aEG;!d‡E_dif;ajz&Sif;Ir&Ekdifaom
jy\em[lIr&Sday? tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdif=uonfh wkdif;jynfrsm;onfyif tcsif;csif;!d‡Ed_if;aqG;
aEG;=uI jy\emrsm;ukd trsm;tm;jzifhatmifjrifpGmajz&Sif;ae=uonfudk od&Sd+yD;jzpf=uygonf?
rdrdwkd@onf vlom;rsm;jzpf=uonfhtm;avsmfpGmrdom;pkjy\em&SdEkdifaoma=umifh rdom;pkpdwf"gwf
jzifh +idrf;at;pGmaqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;ajz&Sif;atmifjrif&rnfomjzpfygonf? aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;=u&efvnf; 0ef
rav;oifh=uyg? wOD;uwOD;tay: vlrdsK;wOD;u vlrdsK;wOD;tay: v$rf;rdk;jcif;/ csKyfjc,fjcif;/ tEkdif
usifhjcif;/ acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;rsm; vkH;0uif;&Sif;&rnf? vlrsd K;}uD;vlrsd K;i,fqdkonfhpdwfxm;rsm;/ oHo,
pdwfrsm;vkH;0uif;&Sif;=u&ygrnf? rdom;pkpdwf"gwf (0g) yifvHkpdwf"gwf (0g) jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfudk
xm0pOfarG;jrLxdef;odrf;=uvsuf aoG;pnf;nDnGwfpGm vufwGJrðzwfpwrf;/ rcGJpwrf;aexkdifoGm;
=urnf? trdEkdifiHwkd;wufz@HG òzd;a&;ESihfEdkifiHawmfwnfwhHckdif+rJa&;twGuf ay:aygufvmrnfh jynf
wGif;/ jynfy tEW&m,frSefor#ukdvnf; rdom;pkpdwf"mwf nD!Gwfr_tm;jzifh 0kdif;0ef;xdef;odrf; um
uG,faqmif&GufoGm;=urnf[k ckdifrmpGmt"dXmefðy=u&ef? ”

“ EkdifiHawmf.toD;tyGifhrsm;ukd rddrdw@dk . um,/ Om%/ ZGJ/ 0D&d,pGrf;tm;tvkduf cGJa0cHpm;=u

rnf? pkaygif;wm0ef,l&rnfhtykdif;ESihf cGJa0wm0ef,l&rnfhtykdif;rsm;ukd Ekd;=um;wufºuGpGm azmf
aqmifjznfhqnf;oGm;=urnf[lIvnf; t"dXmefðy=u&ef? ”

“ txl;ojzifh rdrdwdk@cspfjrwfEkd;wefbkd;xm;=uonfh ,Ofaus;r_ "avhxHk;wrf;/ bmompum; pm

ay ponfrsm;udk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_udk vHk;0rxdcdkufapyJ trdEkdifiH
awmf.tusdK;udkrxdcdkufapyJ vGwfvyfpGm xdef;odrf;jyKpk ysdK;axmif usihfokH; azmfaqmifoGm;EdkifcGihf
¶Sda&;rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;jyXmef;&efjzpfygonf? ”

4
“ EkdifiHawmforRwukd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; tvSnfhuswm0ef,lEkdif&ef jynfe,f (7)jynfe,fESifh
wkdif;rsm;udktajccH+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrStvSnfhusa&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf&ef? ”

“ ² ² ² xkd@a=umifh tpdk;&tzG@Judktaxmuftulðy&ef bmom&yftvkduf atmufygtzG@Jrsm;ukd

zGJ@pnf;xm;&Sd&ef t}uHðywifjytyfygonf ² ² ²
(u) - - - - - - - - - -
(c) - - - - - - - - - -
(*) - - - - - - - - - -
(C) - - - - - - - - - -
(i) wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;a&;&mtzG@J
(p) - - - - - - - - - -
(q) - - - - - - - - - -

“ jynfe,frsm;? udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&jynfe,frsm;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm Oya'ðyr_tm%m tkyfcsKyf

r_tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mrsm;&Sdygrnf? od@k aomf EkdifiHawmf.yuwdtajctaet& jynfo@l
v$wfawmfwGifxm;&Sdrnfhtm%mESihf jynfe,frsm;odk@cGJa0ay;tyfoifhonfhtm%m[lI (2)ykdif;&Sdyg
rnf? tm%mcGJa0r_ukd EkdifiHawmfz@JG pnf;ykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJonfhtcg ta=utvnf!d‡Ed_if;aqG;
aEG;+yD; jynfaxmifpk.tudsK;ESihfjynfe,frsm;.tudsK;wk@d udk "rR"dXmefususpdppfoHk;oyf+yD;rS/ oifh
avsmfovkd cGJa0tyfESif;=u&efjzpfygonf? (Oyrm - 1974 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owf
rSwfjyXmef;xm;ouJhodk@ Oya'ðyZ,m;rsm;jzifhazmfjy&efjzpfygonf?) ”

“ wckowdxm;&rnfrSm EkdifiHwEkdifiHwGif Oya'rsm;wajy;nD(Uniformity of Law)jzpf&ef tvGef

ta&;}uD;ygonf? Todk@r[kwfyJ e,fajrtvkduf rdrdwk@d ,Ofaus;r_"avhrsm;t& udk,fydkifowfrSwf
jyXmef;=u&rnfhOya'rsm;onf EkdifiHawmfz@JG pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESihfjzpfap/ jynfaxmifwckvkH;ESifh
oufqkdifonfh wnfqJOya'rsm;ESifhjzpfap/ qef@usifuJGvJG+yD; woD;wjcm;jyXmef;=urnfqkdygu
EkdifiHawmfudk wnf+idrfat;csrf;pGmtkyfcsKyfI&rnfr[kwfyg? xkd@xuf wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.pnf;vkH;nD
!Gwfa&;ukdyg xdcdkufysufjym;apEkdifygonf? Toabmonf rdrdw@kd EdkifiHwGifomr[kwfyg? tjcm;
rnfonfhEkdifYrqkd tvm;wlowfrSwfjyXmef;=u&onfcsnf;omjzpfygonf? xkd@a=umifh tm%m
cGJa0owfrSwfonfhtcg }uD;pGmowdxm;=utyfygonf? Tod@k rvkdvm;tyfaomqkd;udsK;rsm; ray:
aygufap&atmif jynfaxmifpkESihfwdkif;&if;om;jynfoltm;vkH;wkd@.tudsK;ukd rxdyg;ap&atmif
txuf tydk'f - 53 (q)wGif wkdif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm;vkH;yg0ifonfh jynfo@l v$wfawmf
tm; jynfe,frsm;uowfrSwfjyXmef;vkdufonfhOya'rsm;ukd vkdtyfovkdpdppf+yD; tcsdefrDðyjyifEkdif
&ef rl0g'owfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonfukd oabmayguf=u&monf? ”

“ jynfe,frsm;wGif “jynfe,faumifpD”rsm;ukdz@JG pnf;&efjzpfygonf? xkdodk@zG@Jpnf;rnfqkdygu

jynfolua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaom jynfo@l ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhz@JG pnf;rSomv#if 'Drdkua&pDus
ygrnf? odk@aomf twdwfutawG@tóuHrsm;t& jynfol@aumifpDrsm;uJho@kd us,fjyef@pGmoD;jcm;
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;ðyvkyfOD;rnfqdkygu tzG@Jtpnf;rsm;ESifhjynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;azmif;
yG+yD; wkdif;jynfwGifaiGa=u;tukeftusrsm;jcif;ESihf pDrHr_tcuftcJrsm;&Sdaevdrfhrnfudk owdðy=u
tyfygonf? xkd@a=umifh ta=umif;a=umif;ukdaxmufxm;+yD; A[kdwGifwm0efay;tyfjcif;rcH&aom
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhyifz@JG pnf;oifhygonf? Tenf;tm;jzifh oufqkdif&mjynfo@l

5
 v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfvnf;/ v$wfawmfrusif;yonfhumvwGif wm0efrsm;&Sdae=u+yD;
oufqkdif&me,fajr.vkyfief;rsm;ukdOD;aqmifcGihf&um tajctaet&yf&yfukd vufvSrf;rDSpGmod&Sdae
=urnfjzpfygonf? jynfe,faumifpDonf tajccHOya'ESifhtnDOya'rsm;jyXmef;jcif;/ rl0g'ESifh vkyf
ief;pOfrsm;csrSwfjcif; ponfrsm;ðyvkyf&rnfh jynfe,f.tjrifhqkH;tm%mykdiftzG@J jzpfygonf? T
tzGJ@onf wpfvvsifwpf}udrf ykHrSefESifhta&;ay:udpPay:aygufv#ifvkdtyfovkd tpnf;ta0;rsm;
usif;y+yD; vkyfief;rsm;ukdaqmif&Guf=u&efjzpfygonf? ”

“ jynfe,faumifpDonf rdrdw@kd twGif;rS OuUÏ (1)OD;/ 'kwd,OuUÏ (1)OD;/ twGif;a&;r–; (1)OD;ESifh

tzGJ@0if (4)OD;wkd@ukda&G;aumufwifajr‡muf+yD;/ jynfe,faumifpDtvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDudkzGJ@
pnf;vsuf tcsdefjynfhwm0efxrf;aqmif&efjzpfygonf? u,m;jynfe,fwGifrl OuUÏ (1)OD;/ 'kwd,
OuUÏ (1)OD;/ twGif;a&;r–; (1)OD;ESihf tzGJ@0if (2)OD;wkd@ukd a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufz@JG pnf;&efjzpfyg
onf? ”

“ jynfe,faumifpDtvvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD OuUÏ onf jynfe,f OuUÏ jzpf&ygrnf? Jynf

e,frsm;.xl;jcm;r_tajctaet&/ jynfe,f OuUÏ tm; ‚if;.&mxl;t& (A[kd)tpkd;&wGif tzG@J0if
tjzpfyg0ifap+yD;/ oufqkdif&mjynfe,f0ef}uD;wm0efudkyg xrf;aqmifap&efjzpfygonf? txufwGif
tpdk;&tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ 0ef}uD;csKyfonf ‚if;ESifhwGJzufvkyfudkifrnfh0ef}uD;rsm;ukd ‚if;ukd,fwkdif
a&G;cs,f&rnf[kazmfjycJhygonf? od@k aomf jynfe,frsm;tm;ukd,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihfay;xm;jcif;/ jynf
e,f OuUÏ ukd 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfESihftnDa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcGihfðyxm;jcif;wk@d udk av;pm;aom
tm;jzifh ‚if;wkd@a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufxm;aomjynfe,f OuUÏ udkyif (A[kd)tpkd;&tzGJ@wGif oufqkdif
&mjynfe,f0ef}uD;tjzpfvufcH&efjzpfygonf? TwGif 0ef}uD;csKyf.EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rSr[kwf
aom (0g) 0ef}uD;csKyfESifho[Zmwrjzpfaomyk*~dKvfrsm; yg&SdvmEkdifonfudkwGufcsufrdygonf? odk@
aomf 'Drkdua&pDusifhpOft& a&G;aumufxm;aomyk*d~Kvfjzpfjcif;/ EkdifiHawmfESihfwdkif;&if;om;jynfol
rsm;.ta&;ukdom OD;xdyfxm;azmfaqmifoGm;&rnfjzpfjcif;wk@d a=umifh pkd;&drfp&mr&Sd[k,lqygonf?
‚if;jyif jynfe,faumifpDrsm;ESihfywfoufI jynfo@l v$wfawmfu oD;jcm;Oya'jyXmef;&rnfjzpfyg
onf? ”

“ tpdk;&tzGJ@wGifvnf; jynfe,f OuUX rsm;onf jynfe,f0ef}uD;rsm;tjzpf yg0if=uygrnf? ”

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESihfpyfvsOf;Ixm;&Sdaomoabmxm;pmwrf;rS ² ² ²

“ ² ² ² vlrdsK;wpfrdsK;ESifhwpfrsdK;/ vlrdsK;pkwpfpkESifhwpfpkwkd@onf/ tjyeftvSef,kH=unfr_&Sd=u&ef/

wef;wl&nfwlqufqH=u&ef ta&;}uD;ayonf? vlrsd K;}uD;vlrdsK;i,f[laomjy\emrsm;/ awmifay:ESihfajrjyef@
[laomtpGJtvef;rsm;ukdt+yD;tykdif;azsmufzsuf+yD;/ jynfaxmifpkwcktwGif;rSaygufzGm;vmaom nDtpfudk
wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tjzpfpGJ+rJpGmcH,l=utyfayonf? ”

“ udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sdap&rnf ”[laomoabmonf 1947 ckESpf/ yifvkHpmcsKyftykd'f - 5

yg “ ² ² ² awmifwef;a'orsm;.e,fwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif ,ck&&SdcHpm;vsuf&dSaom ukd,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;
qkH;yg;&ef rnfonfha'owGifrqkd vkH;0ðyrlvdrfhrnfr[kwf? awmifwef;a'orsm;twGuf e,fwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;
wGif udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sda=umif; rltm;jzifhvufcHonf? ”qdkonfh oabmw&m;udktajccHI ouf

6
qdkif&m jynfe,f§wdkif;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&tm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;wdk@ vHkavmufaomtkyfcsKyfr_tm%mudk nd‡
Ed_if;aqG;aEG;I cGJa0ay;tyf&rnfjzpfayonf?

“ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfzG@Jpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdyDjyifpGma&;qGJ=urnfqkdygu 'Drdkua&pD
tajccHrlrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ vl@tcGihfta&;ESifhtajccH&ydkifcGifhrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ rvGJraoGtajccH&ayrnf?
trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzG@JcsKyfonf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGwGifyg0if,OfòydifcJhpOfu jynfolw@kd tm;ay;xm;cJh+yD;
aomuwdu0wfrsm;ukd owd&Sd&SdvufukdifðyI ,if;tajccHrlrsm;tay:pGJ+rJpGm&yfwnfonf? jynfolwkd@tm;
ay;xm;cJh+yD;aomuwdu0wfrsm;ukd ‚if;wk@d xHjyefvnfwifjyjcif;rðybJ rnfonfhtcgr# rnfonfhta=umif;
a=umifhr# aoGzDcsdK;azmufjcif;ðyvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg? ”

“tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&eftwGuf trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzG@JcsKyfuxm;&Sdaom tajccHoabmxm;rsm;

rSm ² ² ²
(u) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf rdrdw@kd bkd;pOfabmifquf&yfwnfcJhaom vlrsdK;tpOftqufukd
raysmufrysufxdef;odrf;vkd=uonf?
(c) rdrdwdk@. "avhxkH;wrf;,Ofaus;r_/ tEkynm/ pmay/ bmompum;/ bmomw&m;/ p&kduf
vuQ%mrsm;ukd tvGefwefzkd;xm; xdef;odrf;jr‡ifhwifvdk=uonf?
(*) e,fajra'oudk jrwfEkd;wefzdk;xm;=uonf?
(C) tpOftquf&yfwnfaexkdifcJhaom tpOftvmESihfvGwfvyfcGihfwdkukdvnf; qufvufcH,lvkd
=uonf?
(i) wef;wl&nfwlrlESifh r&Sdtwl/ &Sdtwl/ at;wlyltr#/ rcGJwrf;aexkdifoGm;a&;ESihf wpfrdom;pk0ifrsm;
tjzpf/ r#wonfhvlabmifb0udk wnfaqmufvkd=uonf?
(p) udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihfukd vkdvm;=uonf?

“ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fpktm;vkH;onf jynfaxmifpkzGm;rdom;pkrsm;jzpf=u+yD;/ wpfajrwnf;ae

wpfa&wnf;aomufI wef;wl&nfwl/ at;twl/ yltr#/ OruGJodkufrysuf/ oHo,uif;&Sif;pGm xm0pOfaoG;
pnf;nD!GwfpGm rcGJpwrf;aexkdifoGm;=u&rnf? jynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sd jynfe,ftm;vkH;onf/ tajccHOya'ESifh
tnD ² ² ²
(u) udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh¶Sdap&rnf?
(c) jynfe,frsm;ujyXmef;aom Oya'rSefor#onf EkdifiHawmfz@JG pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESihftnDjzpf&rnf?
tu,fI jynfe,frsm;ujyXmef;vkdufaom Oya'wpf&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpktudsK;ukd xdcdkuf
rnfqkdygu v$wfawmfujyefvnfpdppfykdifcGifh&dS&rnf?
[koabmxm;onf? ”

“ EkdifiHawmfonf wef;wl&nfwljzpf=uaom ucsif/ u,m;/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &ckdif/ &Srf; tp&Sdaom
wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;EG,fpkrsm;ESihfaygif;pyfz@JG pnf;xm;aom EkdifiHjzpfonf? vlrdsK;wpfrsdK;u vlrdsK;wpfrsdK;vkdvnf;
aumif;/ vlrdsK;EG,fpktcsif;csif;vnf;aumif;/ v$rf;rdk;jcif;/ t=uyfukdifjcif;/ csdK;ESdrfjcif;/ w&m;rJðyjcif;/ acgif;ykH
jzwfjcif; tvsOf;r&Sdap&? EkdifiHawmf.toD;tyGihfrsm;ukd rdrdw@kd . um,/ ^m%/ ZGJ/ 0d&D,pGrf;tm;tvdkuf
tudsK;cHpm;cGifh&Sdap&rnf[k oabmxm;onf? ”

“ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tvkduf tajccHOya'ESifhtnD rdrdwdk@udk;uG,fonfhbmom/ jrwfEkd;wefzdk;xm;

onfh pum;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;ukd tajccHOya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,fcGihf/ ðypk

7
ydsK;axmifcGifh/ xdef;odrf;cGifh/ ajymqkda&;om;usihfoHk;cGifh&Sdonf? odk@aomf olwyg;tm; xdckdufepfemr_r&Sdap&[k
oabmxm;ayonf? ”

“ ² ² ² jynfaxmifpkzGJ@jcif;onf cGJxGuf&efr[kwfbJ/ A[kdESifhjynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;od@k tm%mrsm;cJGJa0

ay;a&;ESifh tpOfajypGmyl;aygif;aexkdifoGm;a&;onfomt"dujzpfa=umif; oabmxm;cJhonf? txl;ojzifh
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifhjynfe,ftpdk;&t=um; tm%mrsm;rnfuJhodk@cJGa0+yD;/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk rnfuJhodk@
ykdif;jcm;owfrSwf=urnfudk aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;=u+yD; aqmif&Guf=u&rnfjzpfa=umif; r[mvlrdsK;}uD;0g'ESifhusOf;
ajrmif;aomtrdsK;om;0g'rsm;ukdqef@usif+yD;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;tm;vkH;cspf=unfaoG;pnf;a&;ukd tpGrf;ukef
yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf=u&efESifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_rsm;/ "avhxkH;wrf;rsm;/ bmoma&;udk;uG,fr_
ponfrsm;ukd xdef;odrf;oGm;Ekdif=ua&;twGuf !d‡E_dif;aqmif&Guf=u&rnfjzpfa=umif; oabmxm;cJh=uay
onf? ”

“ xkd@a=umifh jynfaxmifpk'Drkdua&pDEdkifiHawmftjzpf zG@J pnf;=uonfhtcg jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf

udk ² ² ²
(u) rJqENe,fajrtvkduf vlOD;a&;udkajccHa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
jzifhzGJ@pnf;rnfh v$wfawmfw&yfESifh
(c) jynfe,fESifhwdkif;rsm;rS vlOD;a&wlnDpGm a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
ESifhzGJ@pnf;onfh v$wfawmfwpf&yf aygif;(2)&yfwkd@jzifh zGJ@pnf;&efjzpfa=umif;/ jynfe,fESihfwdkif;rsm;
wGifvnf; wckwnf;aomv$wfawmfrsm;udk zG@J pnf;=u&efjzpfa=umif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf
jynfolvlxkrSqif;oufonf[laom 'Drkdua&pDrl0g't& tqkdygv$wfawmfrsm;odk@ jynfolrsm;
u rdrdwdk@ykdifonfhtcsKyftjcmtm%mudktokH;ðyI 'Drkdua&pDusifhpOfESifhtnD rdrdw@kd ukd,fpm;
jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd rdrdw@kd ukd,fwdkifa&G;aumufwm0eftyfESif;&efjzpfonf[k oabm
xm;onf? ”

“ tm%mrsm;cGJa0a&;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfaxmifpkqdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifh jynfe,f§wkdif;qkdif&mudpP&yfrsm;udk

yDjyifpGmaqmif&GufEkdif&ef ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;!d‡E_dif;+yD; tm%mrsm;ukdcGJa0owfrSwfay;&efvkdtyfonf[k
oabmxm;onf? xkd@a=umifh jynfaxmifpkOya'ðyZ,m;/ jynfe,f§wkdif;ESifh udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o
tm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm;Oya'ðyZ,m;ESifhwlnDOya'ðyZ,m;rsm;ukd wduspGmcGJa0owfrSwfoGm;=u&rnf[k tav;
teufcH,layonf? ”

“ w&m;pD&if&mY xl;jcm;aomtajctaet& wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;tvkdufusifhokH;=uonfh ,Ofaus;r_qkdif

&m"avhxkH;wrf;Oya'rsm;ukd zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhtnDay;xm;oifhonf[k oabmxm;onf? okd@aomf
acwfpepfrsm;ESifhvkdufavsmfnDaxGr_r&Sdv#ifjzpfap/ Oya'jyXmef;csuft&/ vlrdsK;wpfrdsK;utjcm;vlrdsK;pkwpfrdsK;
ukdxdcdkufepfemr_&Sdv#ifjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu pdppfðyjyifykdifcGihf&Sdoifhayonf? ”

“ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;ta&;ESihfpyfvsOf;I xm;&Sdonfhoabmxm; tESpfcsKyf

rsm;rSm ² ² ²

(u) trdjrefrmEkdifiHawmfukd “ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf ”tjzpf zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufoifhonf?

8
(c) wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;tyfaom trdEdkifiHawmf. +idrf;csrf;a&;/ wnf+idrfa&;/ buf
aygif;pkHzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;/ om,m0ajyma&;ESihf wnfwHhckdif+rJa&;wkd@twGuf/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;. aoG;pnf;
nD!Gwfa&;onf tajccHtusqkH;aom vkdtyfcsufjzpfonf?
(*) jynfaxmifpk.tusdK; wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwkd@.tusdK;ukd azmfaqmif=u&mY wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;tcsif;csif;
wef;wl&nfwlrSjzifh oHo,pdwfuif;pifpGm tjyeftvSef,Hk=unf=u&ef/ tjyeftvSefulnD&kdif;yif;=u&ef twl
wuGwufnDvufnDvkyfukdifazmfaqmif=u&efESifh EkdifiHawmf.toD;tyGihfrsm;ukd rdrdfw@kd . um,/ ^m%/ 0D&d,
pGrf;tm;tvkduf tudsK;cHpm;cGifh&Sd=u&ef vkdtyfonf?
(C) wEkdifiHvkH;ESifhqkdifaomudpP&yfrsm;ukd pkaygif;taumiftxnfazmf=u&I xl;jcm;aomtajctaet&/
vlrsdK;pkrsm;qkdif&m rdrdwdk@jrwfEkd;wefzdk;xm;onfh bmompum;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ ukd;uG,fonfhbmom/
apmifhxdef;tyfonfh"avhxkH;wrf;rsm;udk oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEkdifcGifh&Sd=u&ef vkdtyfonf?

“ txufygoabmxm;rsm;ESihftnD ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHawmftjzpf ² ² ²

(u) trdjrefrmEkdifiHawmfukd “jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmf ”tjzpf wnfaqmuf&ef

(c) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfukd zG@J pnf;onfhtcg A[kdwGif jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh trsdK;om;v$wfawmf
wkd@yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfukd zG@J pnf;&ef/
(*) wef;wl&nfwljzpf=uaom jynfe,fESihfwdkif;rsm;wGif oufqkdif&m jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wkdif; v$wf
awmfw&yfpD zGJ@pnf;&ef/
(C) udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'orsm;wGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhtm%mrsm;&Sdonfh tm%mykdiftzG@J rsm;
zGJ@pnf;xm;&Sd&ef/
(i) tqifhqifhaom tm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm;ukd jynfolu vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJrsm;
wGif rdrdwdk@udk,fwkdifa&G;aumufwifajr‡muftm%mtyfESif;vkdufaom jynfol@ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
jzifh zG@Jpnf;&ef/
(p) tqifhqifhaomv$wfawmfrsm;ESihf udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otm%mykdiftzG@J rsm;od@k vkdtyfaom
Oya'ðytm%m tkyfcsKyfr_tm%mESihf w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mrsm;udk !d‡E_dif;aqG;aEG;I cGJa0ay;tyf
&ef/
(q) tm%mrsm;cGJa0owfrSwf&mwGif jynfaxmifpkqdkif&mudpPrsm;ESifh jynfe,f§wkdif;qkdif&m udpP&yf
rsm;udk vkHavmufpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ta=utvnf!‡dE_dif;+yD; owfrSwf&ef/
txl;ojzifh jynfaxmifpkOya'Z,m;/ jynfe,f§wdkif;ESifh udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o Oya'ðy
Z,m;rsm;ESifh wlnDOya'ðyZ,m;rsm;ukd wduspGm cGJa0owfrSwf&ef/
(p) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tvkdufusihfoHk;=uonfh ,Ofaus;r_qkdif&m"avhxkH;wrf;Oya'rsm;ukd
zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhtnD oufqdkif&ma'otm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm;rS vkyfykdifcGifh&Sdap&ef/
(ps) udk;uG,fonfhbmomESihfywfoufI rdrdjrwfEdk;=unfndKonfh rnfonfhbmomudkrqkd vGwfvyf
pGmudk;uG,fEkdifcGifh&Sdap&ef/ ”

“ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.tajccHoabmxm;rSm +idrf;csrf;wnf+idrf+yD; vlwOD;csif;.tcGifh

ta&;rsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;qkdif&mtcGihfta&;rsm; cHpm;ykdifcGihf&dSaom pD;yGm;a&;b0cdkifcef@r_ ponfwkd@udk
tmrcHonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfopfudk atmifjrifpGmwnfaqmufEkdifa&; jzpfygonf? ”

“ trdsK;om;&if=um;apha&;ukdOD;wnfonfhtcg ppfa&;enf;vrf;tm;jzifh wnfaqmufIr&Ekdifacs?

EkdifiHa&;enf;vrf;tm;jzifhom wnfaqmufoGm;=utyfonf[k &kd;om;pGm,kH=unfonf? urBmhEkdifiHtoD;oD;

9
wkd@wGifvnf; rdrdwdk@EkdifiHtwGif;jy\emrsm;ukd EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifhom atmifjrifpGmajz&Sif;=uonfcsnf; jzpfyg
onf? ”

“xkdokd@ trdsK;om;&if=um;apha&;udkOD;wnfonfhtcg oufqdkif&mrsm;taejzifh rdrdw@dk .qENpGJrsm;ukd

w&m;aoqkwfukdifIrxm;bJ rdrdwdk@tygt0if trsm;tm;vkH;.tusdK;pD;yGm;udk apwemrSefuefpGmjzifh jzpf
ay:cJhaom jzpfay:vsuf&Sdaom csdK@,Gif;csuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd oifcef;pm,lvsuf trSefw&m;udk &SmazG
=u&ayvdrfhrnf? vlwpfOD;csif;.tcGifhta&;rsm;ESihf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;qkdif&m&ykdifcGihfrsm;ukd w&m;r#wpGm
tajz&Sm+yD; trsm;pk.tusdK;ukdOD;xdyfyefqif=u&rnf[kvnf; tckdifrmoabmxm;ayonf? ”

a&G;aumufyGJ(7)ES
(7)ESpfajrmuf a=unmpmwrf;rS ² ² ²
(7)

“ ‚if;jyif 1990 ckESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@uxkwfjyefcJhaom jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifhwef;wla&;oabmxm;ESihfywfoufI atmufygtwkdif; cH,lxm;jcif;rsm;ukd
a=unmcJhygonf?

(1) 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESihf wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;EkdifiHa&;t&wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&&Sda&;/

(2) wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tm;vkH; aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;/
(3) ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkpepf wnfaqmufa&;/
(4) jynfe,ftoD;oD; tcsdK;nDpGmjzifh zGH@òzd;wkd;wuf+yD;/ jynfaxmifpkwpfckvkH; acwfrDwkd;wwfonfh
EkdifiHawmf jzpfay:a&;/
(5) tm%m&Sifpepf[lor# csKyf+idrf;a&;/
(6) jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/

“ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.a=unmcsufrsm;/ urBmhukvor*~.qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyf.cH,lcsufoabmxm;rsm;rSm wlnD=uojzifh EkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;udk ² ² ²
(u) a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgif;aqmifonfh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/
(c) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
(*) EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J w@dk
awG@qkHaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhom ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf? zdEdSyfcsKyfcsK,fr_rsm;jzifh EkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;ukdajz&Sif;Ekdifrnfr[kwf
a=umif;[laom tzGJ@csKyf. cH,lcsufrsm;t&/ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jcif;ukd tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmf&ef/
tm%mykdifrsm;tm; av;eufpGmwkdufwGef;vkdufa=umif; qkH;jzwfonf? ”

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyf ESpf(50)jynfh jynfaxmifpkae@a=unmcsufrS ² ² ²

“ jrefrmEkdifiHukd wnf+idrfat;csrf;+yD;om,m0ajymonfh ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpktjzpf

wnfaxmif&mwGif r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaom wkdif;&if;om;rsm;vlrdsK;rsm;.aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_udk w&m;r#wr_/ wef;
wl&nfwl&Sdr_/ tjyeftvSefav;pm;,kH=unfr_w@dk tay:wGifom wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? tajccHvl@tcGifh
ta&;rsm; qkH;¶_H;aeonfhvl@todkif;t0ef;w&yfwGif wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.&oifh&xkdufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;onf
vnf; tvSrf;a0;aernfomjzpfonf? tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tm;vkH; wef;wlnDr# tcGifh
ta&;cHpm;EkdifcGihfr&Sdygu ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDpepfvnf; ay:aygufvmrnfr[kwfay? odk@jzpfI qkH;¶_H;aeaom
'Drdkua&pDESifhtajccHvl@tcGihfta&;rsm;&&Sda&;onf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. wef;wlnDwla&;tay:tajccH

10
aom em;vnfr_jynfh0onfhnD!Gwfa&;wkd@ESifh wqufwpyfwnf;&Sd+yD; '*Fg;wjym;.acgif;ESihfyef;ozG,f &Sdaeay
onf? ”
“ wnf+idrfat;csrf;+yD; vlwOD;csif;.tcGifhta&;rsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;qkdif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;/
pD;yGm;a&;b0ckdifcef@r_ponfwkd@ukd tmrcHonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfopfudk atmifjrifpGmwnfaqmuf
Ekdifa&;ukd jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH; OD;wnf&rnfjzpfygonf? od@k ygI wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tm;vkH; jyefvnf
oifhjrwfnD!Gwfa&;ukd taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tm%mykdiftzG@J
tpnf;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyftygt0if 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;
onf “yifvkHpdwf"gwf”udktajccHvsuf rsufESmcsif;qkdifawG@qHkaqG;aEG;!d‡E_dif;=u&efvdktyf+yD[k tav;teuf
cH,lyga=umif;? ”

From the speech given by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on the occasion of The Fiftieth
Anniversary of Union Day on 12 February 1997.

Today is the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Panlong agreement. The hopes
and aspirations of our national leaders and the leaders of the ethnic nationalities have not yet
been realized. The Panglong agreement is not merely a document written on the paper. It is
an avowal of belief in national solidarity that is written on the hearts of all our citizens. It is
now half a century since the Union of Burma become a sovereign independent nation. But
because we have not yet been able to achieve genuine unity, It is very difficult to call our
country a true Union.

To achieve true solidarity we need a system that will allow all our ethnic nationalities
to express openly and without dander their hopes, aspirations, fears, resentments and
dissatisfactions. Only if there is such a system will be able to dissipate the misunderstandings
and dissatisfactions that exist between us. I can promise that our party, the National League
for Democracy, will strive sincerely to bring about full understanding between the peoples of
our Union. On this fiftieth anniversary of Union Day, I invite all the ethnic nationalities to
cooperate with us.

The seminar held at Mae Tha Raw Hta from 7 to 14 January by fifteen ethnic
nationality groups and other representative of ethnic nationalities issued a statement. In this
statement it is said that "since the time of independence in 1948, successive regimes in
power have violated the right to" equality of all citizens irrespective of race" as provided for
in Panglong Agreement. Armea subjugation by successive regimes, practicing racial
chauvinism for the last 49 years, has been a disastrous experience of suffering,
unprecedented in history for the ethnic nationalities. It is a matter of great regret that these
bitter experiences of the ethnic nationalities led to lack of confidence in the Union. To
remedy these mistakes of the past is the duty of all of us. By all of us, I mean the ethnic
nationalities as well as the majority Burmese. We must consider the aspirations of the ethnic
nationalities. In the agreement of the Mae Tha Raw Hta seminar these aspirations are stated
as follows;

a) To dismantle the military dictatorship and establish peace in the country;

b) To practice the democratic political system;
c) To achieve the right of equality and self-determination for each and every
nationality;

11
 d) To establish a federal union.

A declatation entitled The Views of the Ethnic Nationalition on Democracy and Equality has also
come out. According to this declaration, the essential needs of our country are;

1) Democracy and political equality for the ethnic nationalities;

2) Solidarity between all the people of the nations;
3) Establishing a genuine Union;
4) The proportionate progress of all the states and for the modernization and progress
of the whole Union;
5) To abolish all forms of dictatorship;
6) Internal peace.

If we look at the views expressed in the above declarations, the abolishment of

dictatorship, internal peace, democracy and equality for all the ethnic nationalities
constitute the essential foundation for a true Union. We shall all have to join hands and
work together to fulfill these basic requirements. It can not be denied that our ethnic
brothers and sisters are well aware of this. In the conclusion of the declaration entitled
The Views of the Ethnic Nationalities on Democracy and Equality it is said that;

We should strive to establishe unity through discussions between all those who have
political standing within the country, legitimate political parties and cease-fire groups.
If we can't do this, we shall all be gradually diminished, drowned in difficult, ties and
destroyed. Therefore (we) would like to urge that we should try to gather together all
those within reach and strive to free ourselves for (our) general difficulties.

*** for the emergence of a genuine Union based on the equality of all the ethnic
nationalities, It is clearly necessary for all the ethnic nationalities, It is clearly necessary for all
the ethnic nationalities to work together in strong unity with our forces which are striving
for democracy and human rights. As a commemoration of this fiftieth anniversary of Union
Day, I hereby invite all the ethnic nationality leaders, those with political standing in the
country, legitimate political parties and cease-fire groups to cooperate with us in a seminar as
a prelude to a future Convention which will revive the spirit of Panglong and which will truly
represent the people.
I earnestly invite all the ethnic nationalities to come to join us in a preliminary
seminar to a Convention which will represent all the people of the nation.

jynfol@v$wfawmfukd udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwDz@G Jpnf;jcif;. (1) ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwfpmtkyftwGJ (8) .

jrefrmEkdifiHvlrsdK;pm jy\
jy\emESifhtem*wfjynfaxmifpkta&;rS -

“···vlrdsK;pkjy\emukd rSefuefpGmrajz&Sif;Ekdifor#umvywfvkH;ppfrSefaom+idrf;csrf;a&;ukd r&Ekdif

onfhtjyif trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_ukdvnf; wnfaqmufEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD
nGwfa&;wnfaqmufrnfqkdygu 'Drdkua&pDpepfESihfvlrsd K;aygif;pkH trsdK;om;a&;0g' tckdiftrmcsrSwfusihfoHk;&ef
vkdtyfygonf? ···”

12
 “jrefrmEkdifiH.vufiif;ajz&Sif;&rnfh EkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;rSm 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;ESihf wkdif;&if;om;
jy\emajz&Sif;a&;yifjzpfonf? Tjy\emrsm;onf jy\em (2) &yf[kqkd&aomfvnf; cGJjcm;Ir&atmifyif
qufpyfvsuf&Sdayonf? 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;r_r&SdyJ wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;r&EkdifouJho@dk wkdif;&if;om;
jy\emukdrajz&Sif;v#ifvnf; trdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;udk wnfaqmufEkdifvdrhfrnfr[kwfay? trdsK;om;nDnGwf
a&;ukd rwnfaqmufEkdifoI zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;qkdonfrSmvnf; pdwful,Ofoufoufr#jzpfayvdrfhrnf? vlrsd K;
pkjy\emukd rSefuefpGmrajz&Sif;cJhv#if (okd@r[kwf) ajz&Sif;ykH ajz&Sif;enf;rSm;,Gif;cJhv#if trdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;
ysufjym;+yD; jynfaxmifpk}uD;twGuf tEW&m,frsm;pGmESihf&ifqkdif&zG,f&dSygonf? xkd@a=umifh Tjy\emukd
tav;teufxm;I aqmif&Gufoifhayonf? jy\emudkajz&Sif;&mYvnf; rnfonfhjy\emrqkd
qENpGJuif;uif;/ "rR"dXmefusus&_jrifokH;oyf&ef tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf? ···”

tem*wfjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ² ² ²

(1) tjynfh0qHk; 'Drdkua&pDtajccHrsm;udk usihfokH;&rnf?

(2) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGihfESihf udk,hf=urRmudk,fzefwD;cGifhudk todtrSwfjyK&
rnf?
(3) rnfonfhyk*~dKvfudkrS txl;tcGihfta&;ay;jcif;r¶Sdap&?
(4) wef;wl&nfwl jynfaxmifpkrljzifh aygif;pnf;&rnf?
(5) vlrsdK;aygif;pHkaexdkifaom EdkifiHwpfEkdifiHjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh¶Sdaom jynf
e,frsm;wGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'orsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;txl;a'orsm;udk zG@J pnf;ay;
oifhayonf?
TtajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;udk rlwnf+yD; zG@J pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif yg0ifa&;qGJ
oifhaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk t}uHjyKwifjytyfygonf?

“ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif vuf¶dS EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;wdk@

udk rajz¶Sif;Edkifao;bJ tusyftwnf;aygif;pHkESihf}uHKawG@ae&aomumvjzpfayonf? xdkt=uyftwnf;rsm;rS
vGwfajrmufEdkifzdk@twGuf ajz¶Sif;Edkifonfhenf;vrf;rSmvnf; wyfrawmftiftm;pk (vuf¶Sdtm%mydkiftzG@J
tpnf;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftygt0if 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;jzpf
onfh a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifwdkif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;/ vufeufukdiftiftm;pkrsm;wdk@onf trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwf
a&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;t& t"dy`m,f¶Sdaom awG@qkHaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhomv#if ajz¶Sif;Edkifrnf[k tav;teuf ,Hk
=unfygonf? ”

(53)ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae@a=unmcsufrS ² ² ²

“ ² ² ² tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfolw@kd xHrSqif;ouf&rnf[laom tajccHw&m;rsm;udk txl;

av;pm;vdkufem&ef vdktyfonf? ”

“ ² ² ² jynfol@v$wfawmfYom trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;udk OD;wnfonfh trsdK;om;a&;jyoem

rsm;udk ajz¶Sif;Edkifrnfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udkcsrSwf&ayrnf? Tvkyfief;pOfrsm;t& ydkrkdus,fjyef@I'Drkdua&pDusaom
nDvmcHwpf&yfudkvnf; usif;yay;&rnf? xdknDvmcHY aqG;aEG;nd‡E_dif;vsuf&¶SdaomtajccHrlrsm;udkcsrSwfum
ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkudkwnfaqmufjcif;tm;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;jyoemudkajz¶Sif;=u&ayrnf? ”

13
 “ ² ² ² xdk@tjyif typftcwf&yfpJxm;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vl
rsdK;rsm;. tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;vnf;jzpf=uay&m wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.ygwDrsm;ESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.jyoemudk yl;aygif;ajz¶Sif;&rnfjzpfayonf? ”

“ rdrdwdk@. trsdK;om;a&;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESihf tem*wfwGif ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpk

}uD;ay:xGef;a&;twGuf qufvufaqmif¶Gufjcif;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;r[mrdwf(4)ygwDtjzpf tcdkiftrm&yfwnf
cJh=uayonf? ”

“···rl;,pfaq;0g;jy\emudkajz&Sif;&efrSmvnf; tay:,Hajz&Sif;enf;rsm;jzpfonfh tpm;xkd;oD;ESH

pdkufydsK;jcif;/ bdef;awmifolrsm;ukdtjcm;ae&mod@k tpkvdkuftòyHvkdufajymif;a&$@jcif;rsm;tygt0if aq;+rD;wkd
enf;rsm;jzifh ukpm;I&mEkdifrnfr[kwfay? tpm;xkd;oD;ESHpkdufysd K;jcif;onfa'ocHjynfolrsm;ukd tenf;i,ft
usdK;&SdEkdifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ bdef;yaysmufa&;ESihfrl;,pfaq;0g;usqifa&;twGuf xda&mufaomaqmif&Gufr_
rsm;r[kwfay?···”

“bdef;ESifhrl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;pdkufysdK;xGuf&Sd&ma'orsm;onf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;pkvlenf;pkrsm;aexkdif&m

a'orsm;jzpf=u+yD; xkda'o&Sdwkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;rsm;onfjrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif
&mtaxGaxGaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;.jy\emESifh wenf;r[kwfwenf;qufpyfv#uf&dSayonf? xkd@
a=umifhrl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;yaysmufa&;jy\emonf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;.tajccHusaom EkdifiHa&;jy\
emESihfcGJjcm;&_jrifoHk;oyfI &Ekdifrnfr[kwfay?”

(55) ESpfajrmuf
jrmuf jynfaxmifpkae@a=unmpmwrf;rS ² ² ²

“···jynfaxmifpkae@onf jynfe,fjynfr rcGJjcm;yJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfvGwfvyfa&;}uD;

jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf wkdif;&if;om;nDtudkarmifESrrsm;tm;vkH; wpdwfw0rf;wnf;pnf;vkH;nDnGwf=u&ef
oHEdMXmefðycJhonfhae@xl;ae@jrwf}uD;jzpfayonf?··· ”

“···yifvkHpmcsKyfudkcsKyfqkdEkdifjcif;rSm wOD;ESihfwOD;/ wzG@JESifhwzGJ@/ vlrdsK;pkwpkESifhwpkwkd@onf aqG;aEG;

!d‡Ed_if;jcif;tm;jzifhnDnGwfjcif;[laom tudsK;&v'fatmifyJGudk n$ef;qkdjyocJhaomwefzdk;&SdvSonfh ordkif;rSwf
wkdif}uD;wckvnf;jzpfayonf? yifvkHpdwf"gwfac:jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfudk zGm;jrifay;EkdifcJhayonf?”

“···EkdifiHa&;t&!d‡Ed_if;ajz&Sif;EkdifrSomv#if jynfaxmifpk.tem*wfudk tmrcHonfhppfrSefaom

wkdif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_udk&Ekdifayrnf?”

“jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvufiif;ta&;w}uD;ajz&Sif;&efvdktyfaeaomjy\emrsm;rSm 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;
a&;ESihfwkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfr_ta&;rsm;jzpfayonf? Tta&;ESpf&yfonf cGJjcm;Ir&atmifqufpyf
vsuf&Sdaeayonf? 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;r_r&SdbJ wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;rjynfhpkHEkdifouJhodk@ wkdif;&if;om;
tm;vkH;t=um;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfr_udk rwnfaqmufEdkifygv#if jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;ukd wnfaqmufEdkif
rnfr[kwfay?”

14
 “odk@jzpfI trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyfonf 'Drkdua&pDxGef;um;a&;ESifhtwl jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwf
ESifhwkdif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_&Sifoefcdkifrma&;wk@d udk t+rJtav;xm; aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfayonf?
···”
ׂ“trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu wkdif;&if;om;ta&;ESihfywfoufI atmufygrlrsm;udkvnf; csrSwf
cJhonf?
“wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tm;vkH;vufwGJrðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wnfwhH
ckdif+rJa&;/ jynfaxmifpkzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifpk}uD;+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;wkd@ukd OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”

“e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_/ ulnD&dkif;yif;r_/ 0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;r_

jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wckvkH;ESifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;.jynfe,fa'otpdwftykdif;toD;oD;. zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ukd
OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf?”

“wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;wkdif;onf rdrdwdk@pmay/ bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;ukd

xdef;odrf;apmihfa&SmufcGihf/ zGH@òzd;wdk;wufapcGihf&dSap&rnf?”

“wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/ wkdif;

&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tm;vkH;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;/
usef;rma&;/ a'ozGH@òzd;a&;udpPtp&dSonfrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;twkdif;twmjzifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufap&
rnf?”

Trlrsm;t& ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf}uD;wnfaqmufoGm;=u&rnfjzpfayonf?

“jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHonf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkHaexkdif=uaom EkdifiHjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm

wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;pkrsm;tm;vkH;cspf=unf&if;ESD; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;onf tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf? trdsK;
om;a&;0g'csrSwfusifhokH;&mwGif vlrsdK;}uD;0g'ESifhusOf;ajrmif;aomtrsdK;om;a&;0g'wk@d udk z,f&Sm;Ekdif&ayrnf?
aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;udkOD;wnfaomvlrsd K;pkHtrsdK;om;a&;0g'udk csrSwfEkdif+yD; 'Drdkua&pDpepfukdusifhoHk;rSom
v#if zGH@òzd;wkd;wufaom/ +idrf;csrf;om,maom/ ppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf}uD; jzpfay:Ekdifrnfjzpf
ayonf?”

“,ae@acwforkdif;.t"duvkdtyfcsufrSm jynfo@l qENukdav;pm;&efESifh 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd

tav;teufxm;&efyifjzpfayonf? wkdif;jynf.tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfol@xHrSqif;oufonf[l
aomEkdifiHa&;rllukd vufawG@usifhokH;jcif;tm;jzifhom jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;ukdwnfwhHcdkif+rJapEkdifrnfjzpfayonf?
jynfolwkd@.vGwfvyfpGmqkH;jzwfcGifhukd av;pm;vkdufemjcif;/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd tjrwfwEkd;wefzkd;
xm;jcif;wkd@onf trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;ay:aygufEdkif&ef t"duvkdtyfcsufjzpfayonf?”

jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifhywfoufI ajym=um;aom
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–
a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unf.c&D;pOfrsm;rS
rdef@cGef;aumufE_wfcsufrsm;?;?

“usrwdk@tzG@JcsKyfrSm&SdwJhwm0efwckuawmh usrwk@d EdkifiH[m jynfaxmifpk0g/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;pkHeJ@

zGJ@pnf;xm;wJhjynfaxmifpk}uD;jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJhvnf; jynfaxmifpkykHo¾ef[m tckxdawmhaoaocsmcsm

15
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;ray:vGifao;ygbl;? usrwk@d trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf&J@ ta&;}uD;wJhwm0efwckuawmh
wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;eJ@ tqifajyzdk@ wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;eJ@ rSefuefwJhqufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;awG&Sdzdk@
tifrwefrSta&;}uD;ygw,f? usrwkd@[m r[mrdwfawGe@J t+rJyJvufwGJrSmyg”

“wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;tm;vkH; vlrsd K;rsm;tcsif;csif;vufwJG+yD;awmhoGm;rSom usrwdk@EkdifiH&J@tem*wf

[mvkHòcHr_&SdrSmyg? wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;tcsif;csif;rwnfh=ubl;/ vufrwGJEdkifblqdkv@dk &dS&if jynfaxmifptem
*wffqkdwm tifrwefrS&ifav;p&mudpPyg?”

“···usrwkd@jrefrmEkdifiH[m wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;pkHe@J zG@J pnf;xm;wJhEdkifiHjzpfw,f? tJ'ga=umifhr@kd vGwf

vyfa&;r&cifumv azazwk@duvGwfvyfa&;twGufóud;yrf;aewJhtcsdefumvup+yD;awmh &nfoefchJygw,f?
'Dvkdwkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;pk trdsK;rdsK;eJ@zGJ@pnf;xm;wJhEdkifiHqkdwm wkd;wufzdk@nDnGwfzdk@vkyfr,fqkd&if jynfaxmifpk
ykHpHeJ@yJvkyf&rSmjzpfw,f? 'DvkdjynfaxmifpkyHkpHe@J yJvkyfrS wkkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;pktm;vkH;[m rdrdwdk@&J@,Ofaus;r_/ rdrd
wdk@&J@bmompum;/ rdrdwdk@&J@xkH;wrf;tpOftvmawGukd vGwfvGwfvyfvyfeJ@xdef;odrf;EkdifrSmjzpfygw,f?”

“···rwlnDwJhoabmw&m;awGukd!‡d,lr,f? 'Dvdk!‡d,l+yD;awmh wu,fppfrSefwJhnDnGwfa&;ukdusr

wkd@xlaxmifr,f? usrwkd@taeeJ@ wkdif;&if;om;nDtudkarmifESrrsm;ukd wef;wlnDwlv@dk bJpdwfxJrSmjzpfyg
w,f?”

“wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;pktcsif;csif; 'Dvlrsd K;pkuJGjym;ayrhJvnf; pdwfcsif;/ oabmcsif;/ ,kH=unfcsufcsif;/

wlnDjcif;tm;jzifh usrwkd@nDnGwfr_,lEdkifygw,f? ,kH=unfcsufqkdwm usrwkd@EkdifiHtwGufayhg? b,fvkdjynf
axmifpk}uD;jzpfcsifw,fqkdwmtay:tajccH+yD;awmh usrwk@d wlnDwJhoabmw&m;awGvnf;ðypkysdK;axmifEdkif
ygw,f? usrwkd@EkdifiHrSm wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;pkawGrsm;vk@d udk oabmxm;}uD;zdk@vkdygw,f?”

“usrwkd@EkdifiH[m jynfaxmifpkyJ? jynfaxmifpkqkdwm[m usrwkd@wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;nDnGwfrS 'D

EkdifiH[mwkd;wufr_&SdEdkifrSm/ 'ga=umifhusrwk@d =um;xJrSm nDnGwfr_vdkcsifw,f? usrwkd@nDnGwfr_twGufyJvm
wmyg? usrwdk@ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzG@J csKyftwGuf&,fv@dk vmwmr[kwfygbl;?”

“···usrwkd@wdkif;&if;om;awGtaeeJ@ tauseyfawG&dSw,ffqkdvkd@&Sd&if vlrsm;pkjzpfwhJ ArmawGtay:

rSmtrsm;}uD;wm0ef&Sdygw,f? vlrsm;pkawG[m vlenf;pkawGeJ@ywfoufvkd@ vlenf;pkawG&J@tcGifhta&;awGudk
umuG,fay;zdk@[u wm0efwckyJ? 'DvkdumuG,fay;bk@d twGuf usrwkd@[m tajccHvltcGifhta&;awGtm;vkH;
udktmrcHrJh jynfaxmifpkwckudkxlaxmifzdk@vkdw,f? 'gukd usrwk@d tm;vkH;OD;wnfbdkuvkdygw,f?”

“usrwdk@tcsif;csif;pdwfoabmxm;uGJwmawG&dSv@dk &dS&if usrwdk@tcsif;csif;yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymqkd

aqG;aEG;Ekdif&r,f? t=urf;rzufbJeJ@ usrwk@d wa,mufe@J wa,mufrwlnDwhJudpPawGukd !d‡Ed_if;EkdifrSusrwkd@Ekdif
iHrSm+idrf;csrf;a&;&&SdEkdifrSmyg? +idrf;csrf;a&;r&SdwhJEdkifiHqdkwm wkd;wufr_r&SdEkdifbl;? wcsdefvkH;bJpdwfylae&r,f? pdk;
&drfa=umifh=ur_&Sdr,fqdk&if usrwdk@EkdifiHrSmwkd;wufa&;twGuf b,fvkdrSvkyfEkdifrSr[kwfygbl;?”

“···usrwkd@t"dubmvkdcsifovJ/ 'Drkdua&pDudkbmtwGufvdkcsifvJqdkwm wa,mufe@J wa,muf

tqifrajywmawG&Sd&if wa,mufeJ@wa,mufoabmrwlwmawG&Sdvkd@&Sd&if at;at;aq;aq;eJ@t=urf;r
zufyJeJ@aqG;aEG;+yD;awmh tajz&SmEkdifzdk@yJ? tJ'gtwGuf usrwd@k tm;vkH;óud;pm;&rSmyg?”

16
 “···wkdif;&if;om;rsm;taeeJ@vnf; tm;vkH;twGufvkHòcHr_ay;EkdifrhJ jynfaxmifpkwckxlaxmifzdk@t
wGufwwfEkdifwJhbufuae+yD;awmh yhHykd;ay;=uygv@dk usrarwWm&yfcHcsifygw,f?”

“wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;0dkif;0ef;ulnDv@dk vGwfvyfa&;&cJhwmjzpfa=umif;”
“'Drdkua&pDpepfxlaxmif&mrSmvnf; wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm;vkH;u 0dkif;0ef;ulnD=ubkd@vdka=umif;”
“usrwdk@,ckvkdc&D;xGufvmwm[mvJ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfjzifh c&D;xGufvmwmjzpfa=umif;”

“Armwkdif;&if;om;ESifhcsif;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm;vkH;[m twlwlyifjzpfa=umif;/ rwluGJjym;r_awG&dSayrJh

vnf;tm;vkH;wlnDwJhudpPuawmh usrwd@k [mvlom;awGjzpfae+yD; vlyDyDooaecsif=uwmyifjzpfa=umif;/ pdk;
&drfylyefae&wJhb0ukdrvkdcsif=ua=umif;/ 'Dvdkcsrf;csrf;omomaecsifwmukd vlwkdif;ar#mfvifhcGifh&Sdyga=umif;/”

“EkdifiHa&;qkdwm b,folrSuif;uGmIr&a=umif;/ udk,hf=urRmudk,fzefwD;csifw,fqdk&if óud;yrf;=u&rSm

jzpf+yD;/ óud;pm;wJhtcgrSmvnf; nDnGwfr#wr_&dS&if ykd+yD;awmhvG,fulrSmjzpfa=umif;/ wa,mufukdwa,muf
tm;ay;r,f/ 'kuQcH&wJhtcgrSmtwlwGJ+yD;cHr,f/ trsm;pkaygif;vkdufwJhtcgus&if 'kuQawG[menf;yg;+yD;csrf;om
p&mawG[mwkd;yGm;vmrSmjzpfa=umif;/”

“jrefrmEkdifiH[m wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pkHaexkdifwhJ EkdifiHwckjzpf+yD; &dk;&m,Ofaus;r_aygif;pkH&Sdaea=umif;/ 'g

a=umifhvnf;vlwkdif;[m udk,fh,Ofaus;r_awGudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fykdifcGifh&Sd&rSmjzpfa=umif;/”

“rwluGJjym;r_awG[mvnf; usrwk@d tcsif;csif;nDnGwfr_om&Sdr,fqkd&if usrwkd@twGuftiftm;yif

jzpfa=umif;/”

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. (56) }udrfajrmuf

jynfaxmifpkae@a=unmpmwrf;rS ² ² ²

“jynfaxmifpk[lonf jynfe,frsm;udk aygif;pyfz@JG pnf;jcif;/ ,if;jynfe,f§wkdif;rsm;&Sd jynfolrsm;.

qENESifharG;&mygtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd av;pm;vkdufemjcif;/ 'Drkdua&pDtcGihfta&;rsm;&Sdjcif;/ vGwfvyfjcif;/ wef;wl
jcif;/ at;twlyltr# qdk;wlaumif;zufnDr#aomtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd cHpm;cGifh&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf”

“jrefrmEkdifiH.vlrsdK;pkjy\emudkajz&Sif;&ef csOf;uyfavhvmonfhtcgwGifvnf;/ vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;

onfhaemuf ESpfaygif; (50) ausmfpGJuyfvmcJhaomqENpJG/ vlrsd K;pJGrsm;uif;&Sif;&rnfhtjyif orkdif;qkdif&mtawG@
tóuHrsm;ESihf EkdifiHwumwGifjzpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom trdsK;om;a&;jy\emrsm;ukdyg aygif;pyfòcHiHkokH;oyfI
vufawG@usus"rR"dXmefususajz&Sif;&efvfdktyfayonf? odk@jzpfIjrefrmEkdifiHwGif vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;onfhaemuf
ay:aygufvmcJhaom ay:aygufpJjzpfaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;jy\emudk &_jrifokH;oyf&mwGif/ wkdif;&if;om;
vufeufukdiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfhqkd&kHr#jzifh jy\emt&yf&yfonfajyvnroGm;Ekdif
ay? qufvufIEkdifiHa&;t& awG@qkHaqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;&efvdktyfayonf?”

“···jy\emrsm;ukdajz&Sif;&rnfhwckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf; “awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;”enf;vr;f
omjzpf+yD;/ ajz&Sif;&rnfhtajccHrlrSmvnf; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;toD;oD;wkd@. arG;&mygtajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd
todtrSwfðy+yD;/ 'Drkdua&pDjynfaxmifpkppfppfrljzifh jrefrmEkdifiHukdzJG@pnf;wnfaxmifjcif;yifjzpfonf?”

17
 “···jrefrmEkdifiHwGif'Drkdua&pDtcGihfta&;rsm;jynfolw&yfvHk; (wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tygt0if)
qdwfokOf;aejcif;ESifhwkdif;&if;omvlrdsK;rsm; ukkd,fydkifjyXmef;cGihf/ arG;&mygtcGifhta&;rsm;qkH;&_H;aejcif;wkd@yifjzpf
onf?”

“Tjy\emrsm;onf jy\emESpf&yf[kxif&aomfvnf; wckESihfwckqufpyfum rnfodk@r#cGJr&

atmifqufEG,fvsuf&Sdonf? 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;r&Sdygu/ vGwfvyfaomacwfrDzGH@òzd;wkd;wufaom EkdifiH
ukdrwnfaqmufEkdifouJhodk@ wkdif;&if;om;jy\emukdrajz&Sif;Ekdifyguvnf; +idrf;csrf;aom/ vGwfvyfaom/
acwfrDzGH@òzd;wkd;wufaomEkdifiHawmfukd wnfaqmufEdkifrnfr[kwfay?”

“xkd@a=umifh'Drkdua&pDESifhwkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;ta&;ukd wòydifwnf;ajz&Sif;=u&ayrnf? Todk@ajz

&Sif;&mwGif 'Drdkua&pDtajccHusaom jynfol@qENudkav;pm;vkdufemjcif;jzifh taumiftxnfazmf&ayrnf?”

“trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;udkwnfaqmuf&mwGif trdsK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;vkyfief;pOf.
yxrtqifhtaejzifh,kH=unfr_wnfaqmufa&;udk tcdkiftrmwnfaqmufa&;ESifh 'kwd,tqifhtaejzifh
trdsK;om;a&;jy\emrsm;ukd awG@qkHaqG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh okH;oyftajz&Sm+yD;jy\emt&yf&yfrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;
um/ trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;ukd wnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?”

“ jrefrmEdkifiH.vuf¶SdtajctaerSm EdkifiHa&;jy\em/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;jy\em/ pD;yGm;a&;

jy\em/ vlr_a&;jy\em/ ynma&;jy\emponfjzifh jy\emaygif;pHkwdk@onf trsKd;om;a&;jy\emw&yf
taejzifh taqmwv#ifajz&Sif;&efawmif;qdkv#uf&Sdaeayonf? Tjy\emrsm;udk taqmwv#ifrajz&Sif;
Edkifygu/ wpwp,dk,Gif;um rsm;r=umrDumvrsm;twGif; jy\emt&yf&yfwdk@onf pkaygif;¶_yfaxG;vm+yD;
tajctaeqdk;rsm;udk rajz&Sif;Edkif/ rudkifwG,fEdkifonfhtajcaeod@k a&muf&SdvmEdkif+yD; wdkif;jynfESihfvlrsKd;twGuf
vnf; rar#mfrSef;Edkifaomqdk;usKd;rsm;. tusKd;qufukdcHpm;=u&rnfjzpfayonf? ”

“odk@jzpfI EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf zG@H +zdK;a&;aumifpDtm%mydkifrsm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyf/ wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;tm;vkH;onf ,kH=unfrlukd
tcdkiftrm wnf aqmuf+yD;/ jy\emrsm;udkawG@qkHaqG;aEG;um tjrefqHk;ajz&Sif;&efvkdtyfaeayonf?”

From Fifty-eight session (Third Committee) of United Nations

“To restore democracy and respect the results of the 1990 elections and to enter
immediately into substantive and structured dialogue with Daw Aungh San Suu Kyi and
another Leaders of the National League for Democrcy directed towards democratization and
national reconciliation and‚ at an early stage‚ include other political leaders in these talks‚
including representative of the ethnic groups.”

From the report of the Secretary- General on The human rights situation in Myanmar

“ *** The Secretary-General therefore sppeals once again to Senior General Than
Shwe and other leaders of the Government to release Daw Aund San Suu Kyi and
colleagues without delay to initate immediately substantive dialogue with NLD. Dialogue
that includes the ethnic nationality groups should occur soon after or in parallel. The
Secretary-General continues to maintain that it is only through an all-inclusive dialogue that

18
the Government of Myanmar will be able to ensure that national reconciliation is durable‚
the transition to democracy is smooth and Myanmar’s future as a stable‚ prosperous and
multi-ethnic nation is secure. ”

jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzG@J csKyfESihf trsKd;kom;'Drdkua&pD

a&pDtzGJ@csKyf
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd !d‡Ed_if;aqG;aEG;yGJrSwfwrf;rS ² ² ²

“u|efrwdk@[mt"duuawmh jynfaxmifpkpdwfxm;yJ/ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfudk t"duarG;oGm;&r,f?

jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfatmufrSmom u|efrwd@k tm;vHk;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;&J@ ,Ofaus;r_rsm;/ "avhxkH;wrf;
pOfvm rsm;/ bmoma&;rsm;udk xdef;odrf;oGm;r,f/ tm;ay;oGm;r,f? (Demonstrate Unity of Diversity)
'D[mudk OD;wnf&r,f? u|efrwdk@&J@ uGJjym;r_rsm;[m u|efrwdk@twGuf tiftm;wckjzpf&r,f? u|efrwd@k &@J
uGJjym;r_rsm;[m tm;enf;csufrjzpfap&bl;? ”

Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;/ yl;wGJa=unmcsuf trSwf(1) rS ² ² ²

“wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf vlrsd K;a&;wef;wlr_/ EkdifiHa&;wef;wlr_ESifh ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0

&&Sdaprnfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd tmrcHcsuf&Sdaom jynfaxmifpkudk wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;
aoG;pnf;nDnGwfpGm xlaxmif&efvkdtyfa=umif;/ jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ wnDwnGwfwnf; oabmwl=uonf?”

trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.rl (7) csufjzpfaom -

(u) yGifhvif;&dk;om;r_ESifhtjyeftvSefav;pm;vkdufema&;/
(c) wrsdK;om;vkH;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; (TudpPonf trdsK;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;yifjzpfygonf?
Tta&;ESifhywfoufIvnf;/ txl;tav;teufxm;+yD;/ pkHvifpGmwifjycJh+yD;jzpfygonf?)
(*) +idrf;csrf;a&;acsmarG@aomenf;ukd tokH;csa&;/
(C) tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfr_udka&S@&_a&;/
(i) tjyeftvSefav;pm;a&;/
(p) tjyeftvSefyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;/
(q) tjyeftvSefem;vnfr_&Sda&;/
'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfrsm;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHudkppfrSefaomjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtjzpfwnfaqmuf&efjzpf
onf? odk@wnfaqmuf&mwGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;taejzifh wef;wl&nfwltcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sdapvsuf rvGJ
raoGyg0if&rnf? ‚if;wkd@.,Ofaus;r_t& pmayrsm;ukdvGwfvyfpGmoif=um;cGifhay;&rnf? av;pm;=u&rnf?

txufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifhppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfukd wkdif;&if;om;

vlrsdK;pkrsm;yg0ifjcif;r&SdbJ wnfaqmufEkdifrnfr[kwf? wnfaqmufyguvnf; jynfaxmifpkwnfwhHckdif+rJa&;
rjzpfEkdif?

&ufpGJ ? ? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)&uf?

19