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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
VOICE
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Vol.7 / No.8 Weekly Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

EMPLOYMENT

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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

SPECIAL REPORT
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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

REAL ESTATE
BUSINESS The

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11

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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
TECHNOLOGY The

VOICE
13

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ENVIRONMENT VOICE
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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
EDUCATION VOICE
The
17

About Scholar
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NAdwdefEkdifiH ajrmufydkif; Leeds NrdKUjzpfNyD; Leeds University \ Education Department wGif oifMum;a&;twGuf TESOL (Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages)
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 18
The
VOICE MANDALAY Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

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 Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
PERSPECTIVE
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THE VOICE WEEKLY 19
19
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 20
VOICE
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PERSPECTIVE Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

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 BUYING GUIDE
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

Vol.7 / No.8

MAGAZINE
VOICE
The
The

January 31 - February 6 , 2011

VOICE
21

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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
POLITICS The

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 24
The
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ACCIDENT
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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

MARKET
LOCAL The

VOICE
25

2011 oBuFefZmwfum;½dkuful;rI pHcsdefwifusqif;

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FIRE
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FIRE
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 The
30
VOICE PERSPECTIVE Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

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oHk;rnf? roHk;rnf? ppfvufeufypönf;rsm; xkwfvkyf&eftwGuf Ref : Politics & Technology, by John Street
 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
PERSPECTIVE The

VOICE
31

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ae EkdifiHBuD;om;awGtaeeJY ,cifuxm;&SdcJhwJh pdwfxm;awG? ydkif pGrf;tm;pkawGudk toHk;cszdkY vdktyfygw,f/ t"du uawmh tajccHwhJ Ekid if aH wmfopftwGuf rvGrJ aoGjyKvky&f r,fh vkyif ef;pOf
pdwu f ;l awG? BuHKawGUcJ&h zl;wJh tawGUtBuHKawGukd tajccHNyD; wpf rdr&d UJ ud, k yf ikd Of ;D aESmufukd tjynft
h 0 toH;k cszdYk vt kd yfaewJt h csdef awGxJu a&SUajy;wpfckjzpfygw,f/
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oifh? rvkyfoifh jyefvnfpOf;pm;zdkY vdktyfaeygNyD/ tawGUtBuHKawGuydk pfy,fNyD; ig;yGu&f mig;pmcs? a&omcdt k acsmif taeeJY vkdufavsmnDaxGpGm vkdufygpD;arsm&if;eJY wdk;wuf
tJ'DvdkpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtpm; vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf vkduf? aygif;pm;aeMuwJh tusifhqdk;awG[m odyfrMumawmhwJh acwfrDwJh EkdifiHawmfopfBuD;twGuf pGrf;tm;wpf&yfjzpfxGef;
udktajccHwJh? enf;ynmudktajccHwJh acwfopfpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tcsdefrSm tqHk;owfawmhrSmyg/ ,ckvuf&Sdtpdk;&taeeJYawmif ygap&ef qE´jyKvkduf&ygw,f/
awGudk vkyfzdkYtcsdefusa&mufvdkYaeygNyD/ a&SUrSm ay:aygufvmawmhr,fhtpd;k &opftwGuf tJ'v D x kd ;l jcm;NyD; tm;opf
jrefrmEkid if &H UJ wpfywf? ESpyf wf&pfarmfawmfum;aps;EIe;f awG
[m rl&if;EkdifiHuxkwfvkyfvkdufwJh aemufqHk;ay:um;topf
aps;EIef;awGxufawmif aps;BuD;aewm vlwkdif;odMuygw,f/ CARTOON OF THE WEEK
'gayrJh wkdif;jynf&JU acwfumvtaetxm;t& 'Dtay:rSm
tajccHNyD; pD;yGm;&SmtvkyfjzpfaeMuwJh vlwef;pm;wpf&yf[m
jrefrmjynfrSm oD;oefYwnf&Sdygw,f/
'gayrJh 'g[mvnf; rMumawmhwJhumvrSm Zmwfodrf;cef;
a&mufvmawmhr,fhtaetxm;awGudk jrifawGUae&ygw,f/
txufuajymcJhwJh jrefrmEkdifiHrSmyJ oD;oefYwnf&SdaewJh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;awGeYJ ,if;wdYk ukd trSjD yKaewJh vlwef;pm;awGukd
olwdkYpD;yGm;ysufoGm;vdkY 0rf;omtm;& ajymaewmr[kwfygbl;/
ajymif;vJ jzpfwnfvmwJh tajctaeudkr&dyfpm;bJ ,cifumv
rsm;utwkdif; 'gawG[m cPwmajymif;vJjcif;awGygqdkNyD; t&Sd

uRefawmfwdkYEkdifiH[m 'Drdkua&pDudktajccHwJU
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tajcwnfNyD; vkyfpm;aeMuwJU
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;awG[mvnf;
wpfcef;&yfawmUrmS yg/
 32 THE VOICE WEEKLY
32 Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011

The
VOICE

INTERVIEW
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

Edkif
iHwumtqifhrD ynmqufvufoifMum;&ef? rdrdt&nftcsif;ESifhxdkufwefaom vkyfcvpm&&Sd&ef? jyifyurÇmESifh xdawGUjcif;tm;jzifh rdrd\udk,f&nfudk,faoG;jr§ifhwif&ef?
a&jcm;? ajrjcm;odkY pGefYpm;oGm;a&muf&eftp&Sdaom &nf&G,fcsuf? &nfrSef;csufudk,fpDjzifh jynfyEdkifiHrsm;odkY jrefrmvli,frsm; ESpfpOf axmifESifh aomif;ESifhcsD xGufcGmaeMuonf/
xkdodkYxGufcGmoGm;Muolrsm;udk tMurf;tm;jzifh tkyfpkoHk;pk cGJjcm;Edkifonf/ yxrtkyfpku aiGaMu;wwfEdkifaom rdbrsm;\qE´ESifh rdrdwdkYqE´aMumifh jynfyodkYynmoifMum;&ef xGufcGmolrssm; m;
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udk qDavsmfatmif ajymjyay;ygvm;/
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rwdkifcif 1999 rSm rEÅav; GTI eJY
ausmif;NyD;oGm;wJhtcg &efukefudk
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tbd;k u xGucf iG rhf jyKbl;/ ozef;qdyf
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twGuf &efuek rf mS tvkyv f yk rf S tpd;k &
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tvkyfvkyf&rSm/ &efukefrSm tvkyf&Sm
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taMumif ; ajym? owif ; pmawG
rSmzwfNyD; tvky&f mS awmh odrBf uD;aps;
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quf&mS awmh wpfvausmf ausmaf vmuf
ukd Mum awmh uReaf wmhf vufxrJ mS ydu k q f H
r&S d a wmh b l ; / aemuf q H k ; uk e f u k e f
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uvJ/
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Mo*kwfaygh/ oHk;vavmufMumawmh
b,f v d k r S tvk y f & S m vd k Y r&awmh
uReaf wmfo h il ,fcsi;f tazu uReaf wmfh
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b,fvdkw,f w,fqd qkdwmav; enf;enf;
&Sif;jyyg vm;
vm;//
jyygvm;
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awmh oli,fcsif;udk ig&efuek af &muf
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oli,fcsif;u 'gqdkigvmawGUr,f?
vSn;f wef;udv k mcJNh yD; rif;ightrd v f u kd f
tdy?f ightazeJY taruvnf; rif;udk
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awGUawmh olwYkd uajymw,f/ ]]om;
rif; rEÅav;rSmwkef;u rif;oli,f
csi;f udk rif;ulncD w hJ hJ udpaö wG&dS w,f/
olaeraumif;wkef;u rif;olYt0wf
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w,f/ uReaf wmfuawmh ud, k b hf mom
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awmh uRefawmft&if&mS Munfyh gr,f/
r&wJhtcg (ESpfv? oHk;v) MumvdkYrS
r&&if OD;wdYk ? tefww D Ykd tultnD,l
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oHk;vaemufydkif; av;va&mufawmh
tvkyfr& tqifrajyawmh aeYpm;
taeeJY tvkyf0ifvkyfw,f/ tJ'Dt
vkyrf 0ifcif tJ'o D il ,fcsi;f rdbawG u
ar;w,f/ ]]om; &efukefudkvm&
wJt h "du &nf&, G cf sufubmvJ}} qdk
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qdkawmh? olwdkYu ]]...EdkifiHjcm;xGufzdkY
qdk&if 'DtvkyfrSmu aeYpm;yJ&r,f/
ydu k q f w H pfcw
k nf;rMunfeh YJ / Edik if jH cm;
xGuzf Ykd ? oGm;zdYk twGuf b,fvo
rvJqw kd m avhvm&r,f/ e,fuykd o
r,fqdk&if SAE vdk &mxl;rsKd; &Edkif
w,f/ aiGaMu;vnf;tqifajyEdkif
w,f/ 'gayrJh usef;rma&;taeeJY
awmBudKtHMk um;rSm iSufzsm;rdwmrsKd;
vnf; jzpfEikd w f ,f/ ydu k q f &H v
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awmif wpfem&D? ESpef m&Dausmrf S a&muf
Edik rf ,f/ awmolawGeYJ tdraf xmifus
Edik f w,f/ NyD;awmh om;wdYk&UJ om;orD;
awGutp ynma&;aemufusEdkif
w,f/ &nfrSef;csuftwGufqdk&if
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vdYk&iS ;f jyw,f/ 'gaMumifh aeYpm; taeeJY
vnf; 'DrmS ae wmaumif;w,f/ 'geJYyJ
r*Fvm'HkrSm aeYpm;tjzpf oHk;ESpfaecJh
w,f/
tJ'DvdkeJY ta0;oif Law udk
&efuek af jymif;vdu k w f ,f/ udrk sK;d oefYaqG&UJ
tultnDeYJ? uReaf wmfu 'Du &efuek f
&J U tajctaeawG bmrS r od b l ; /
&mZmrSm q&mawGaumif;w,fqkd awmh
uRefawmfajymif;vdkufw,f/ ajymif;
awmh uReaf wmf&wmu wpfvrS 3000?
uRef a wmf h X merS L ;u tjynfhray;
wJhaeYawG&Sdw,f/ wpf&uf 100
qdak wmh Weekend ydww f &hJ uf wpfvudk
2400? 2600 avmufy&J awmh ta0;oif
pmar;yGJ reufjzefqdk&if oGm;ajzr,f
qd&k if 'Dnqd&k if pmr&Sb d ;l / vufxrJ mS
vnf; ydu k q
f H 20 yJ &Sw d ,f/ tJvrkd sKd;
awG BuHKcJ&h awmh olrsm;awG usL&Sif
wufaewJhtcsdef uRefawmfrwuf
Edkifbl;/ ausmif;u oifwmudkyJ
wufNyD; usL&SifwufwJh oli,fcsif;
awGukd pmawGjyefar;/ tJ'v D rkd sKd;awG
BuHKcJh&wm/ 'geJYyJ uRefawmf aeYpm;
oHk;ESpf vkyfw,f/ NyD; Permanent
rjzpfwJh tcgusawmh oli,fcsif;
kd mG ;
J mG ;
rdbuyJ &Sr;f ½d;k r Travels and Tours
rSm vkyrf vm;qdNk yD; ajymw,f/ ]]avm
avmq,f wdYu k rk P
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awmh uReaf wmfu tdru f kd axmufychH sif
wm? nDav;udk ausmif;xm;csifwmeJY
arG;jrLa&;NcH refae*sm 0ifvyk jf zpfw,f/
tJ'u D olaX;uvnf; tifwmAsL;
NyD;awmh csufcsif;cefYw,f/ ]]rif;
vkyrf vm;}}? ]]vkyrf ,f}} qdak wmh cefY
vdu k w f ,f/ arG;jrLa&;eJY ywfoufwm
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av;eJY uRefawmfu aq;awGwu kd &f
r,fhtcsdefrSwfNyD; aocsmavhvmNyD;
pmtkyu f av;eJYa&;xm;w,f/ wpfcg
wav reufcif;vufzuf&nfqikd f udk
q&m0ef a wG e J Y x d k i f a wmh vk y f i ef ;
ydik ;f qdik &f mawGuakd r;/ olaX;vmar;
awmh uReaf wmfujyefajym&wmaygh/ 'D
CP arG;jrLa&;Muufqdkwmu &moD
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wpfcsufrumrdwmeJY tat;ywfNyD;
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trsm;BuD;qHk;½HI;oGm;Edkifw,f/ 'Dvdk
vkyf&if;eJY Bird Flu jzpfwJhtcsdefrSmyJ
uRefawmf OD;pD;wJh Muuf 6000 ausmf
arG;jrLa&;rSm vkyfief;uaeNyD; odef;
120 ausmf ½H;I w,f/ olaX;u uReaf wmfh
udk xkacsvmT wifcikd ;f w,f/ uReaf wmf
u Muuf t aumif a & 3000 rS m
t&ifwkef;u 22 odef;jrwfw,f/
tJ ' D t csd e f w k e f ; u aps;u b,f
avmuf? ydómcsdefu b,favmuf?
tckMuufaumifa& 3000 arG;&mrSm
tJ ' D w k e f ; uxuf (tjrwf 22
odef;&wkef;uxuf) ydómcsdefydkrsm;
w,f/ 'gayrJh aps;EIef;uawmh Bird
Flu jzpfawmh wpfydóm 300 ausmf
avmufyJ aps;&Sad wmh ½H;I ygw,fqw kd hJ
taMumif; xkacsvTmwif vdkufwJh
tcg aumh a omif ; buf u ol Y & J U
pufavSudk oGm;NyD;vkyfay;zdkY vc
2000 xyfwdk;NyD;awmh tJ'DudkvTwf
w,f/ uRefawmf wpfqpfcsKd;BuHK&
wmygyJ/ aumhaomif;rSm oHk;vMum
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aumhaomif;eJY &aemif;? ADZm Run ajy;
awmh tJ'b D ufu olaX;wpfa,mufeYJ
&S,, f mvkyx f m;wm/ uReaf wmf tJ'rD mS
oH;k vMumw,f/ tJ'u D ae jyefvmNyD;
uRefawmf Tours ukrP Ü rD mS vkyaf wmh
uRefawmfu t*Fvdyfpm r&bl;/
wpfcgwav NcHxrJ mS oGm;vdu k ?f ½H;k rSm
oG m ;vd k u f e J Y &ef u k e f a &muf a wmh
vcoHk;aomif; jyefjzpfw,f/ vc
oH;k aomif;uae vcwpfaomif; xyf
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 33
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
INTERVIEW VOICE
The

]ukrP
Ü aD wGu vuf0g;Bu;D tkyv
f m&if cifAsm;wkv
hd yk u
f idk pf m;aomufp&m 0g;wpfyifawmif&rdS mS r[kwaf wmUb;l }
tpktzJGY ykdifopfawmpkdufysKd;&mwGif yg0ifol OD;*smvESifU awGYqkHjcif;
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bm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;tjyif pD;yGm;a&;jzpfxGef;vmap&eftwGuf &nf&G,fpkdufysKd;aom tpktzJGUykdifopfawm (Community Forest) rsm; pkdufysKd;onfh aus;&Gmrsm;teuf
o rS ucsifjynfe,f jrpfBuD;em;c½kdif 0kdif;armfNrdKUe,f 0ga&Smifaus;&GmtkyfpktwGif; tpktzJGUykdifopfawm pkdufysKd;rIwGif yg0ifol? a'ocHwpfOD;jzpfol OD;*smvESifh awGUqkHar;jref;rI
rsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonf/
Voice : tpktzJUG yki do
f pfawmtw wmtwGuf Gu f jyefpu
dk x
f m;&if aemifwpfcsderf mS wkid ?f xdef;vnf;xdef;? ukd,fvnf;enf;
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awmh tkyfpkacgif;aqmifaygh/ csufcsif;tusKd;tjrwf&wmr[kwf ygw,f/ tJ'gukd b,fvkdcJGjcm;wm
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dk Ydk udk OD;aqmi
vkyfay;wJh Eco Dev tzJ G U u tpk aea&; twG u f b,f v k d a jz&S i f ; UJL : 'gu xdef;awmqkd&if vkH;0
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vufcHvkdufwmvm;/ awmh 'Dvt dk cuftcJ&w dS ,f/ 'Dopfyif awmif rckwfbl;/ xdef;r,fa ygh /
UJL : uRef a wmf aus;&G m Ouú | awG rpkdufcifuawmh awmif,m jyKpkawmusawmh EG,fawGjzwfay;NyD;
vkyaf ewJt h csderf mS rkid ;f em;u bmom pkdufNyD; 'Dtwkdif;yJxm;? aEGa&mufNyD jyKpkwmrsK;d aygh/ jyKpk&if;eJY wu,fvYdk
a&;q&mu 'DvkdvkyfzkdY EId;aqmfwm/ qkd a&TusifoGm;vkduf? olrsm;qDrSm tdraf qmufr,f? wkid w f pfwidk af vmuf
cifAsm;wkdYae&mu CF (Community tiSm;vku d v f u
dk ?f tJ'v D ydk J toufarG; vk d c sif w ,f / 'D a umf r wD e J Y nd § N yD ;
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vnf;aumif;w,f/ a&a0a&vJa'o pkdufxm;½kHeJY rNyD;bl;/ aygif;awGukd jyefpu dk &f r,f/ jyKpk&if;eJY vkt d yfwahJ e
vnf;[kww f ,f/ 0kid ;f armfNrdKUwpfcv k ;Hk wpfESpfukd okH;aMumhavmuf ckwf&Sif; &mok;H aygh/ xde;f awmxJuawmh r&bl;/
&JU toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vnf;[kwf &w,f/ pkdufNyD;om;ukd jyef&Sif;& yiftkdyifemaqG;NyD; olYbmom olvJ
w,f/ a&ukd xdef;odrf;zkdY CF ukd wmaygh/ aygif;u awmfawmfxw l ,f/ aewmrsKd;awmh ,lvkdY&w,f/
wnfaxmifwmaumif;w,fvkdY ajym t&ifuvkd ykdufqHxGuf&SmvkdYvnf; Voice : tcktpktzJGUykdifopfaw wmm
w,f/ tJ't D csed rf mS CF qkw d m bmukd r&bl;/ pkdufcif;ukd jyefvSnfhMunfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm a'ocHawG pD;yGm; rSm i,fi,fu opfyifawGrsm;vkdY n aemifq,fESpfavmufrS uRefawmfwkdY
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ukd ac:Ny;D EI;d aqmfwmaygh? vmoavmuf Voice : tJ'gqkd wpfcgwav b ,f xm;yg
b,f xm;ygw,fw,f/ obm0ywf0ef;usifeJeYJ wmaygh/ tckqkd wpfESpfxufwpfESpf a0a&vJa'ojzpfawmh a&xGufawG
aygh/ aumfrwD0ifzUGJ Ny;D cifAsm;wkYd b,fvdk vkdtawG;rsKd;0ifovJ/ ywfoufvYdk b,fvt dk jrif&ydS govJ/ awmjyKef ; wD ; vmwmaygh / tck vnf; aumif;vmr,f/
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trsm;Bu;D &Sv d mNy/D aemifwpfcsed f ukrP Ü D pm;MuwmyJ/ pku d Nf yD;om;ukad ygif;&Si;f
awGu vuf0g;BuD;tkyv f m&if cifAsm; &if; pm;aomufzkdYtwGuf WFP eJY
wkYd vkyu f idk pf m;aomufp&m 0g;wpfyif NGO awGaygif;NyD; qefaxmufyHhwm pmrsufESm 32 ]]udk,fhudk,fudk,f ,HkMunfrI&Sdatmif rS tquf 0ifw,f/ NyD;awmh tdrfrSm ta':awG
awmif&SdrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/ 'DtzJGU awG&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ukd,fxlukd,fx tdrrf mS awGUwJh ]tem*grfq&moufBu;D } &JU
tpnf;wnfaxmif&if aumif;r,f awmh vkyfaeMuwmyJ/ Voice : bmjzpfvdkYavQ vQmhmhwmvJ/ awmh oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf? oH;k a,muf ]olYb0 olYw&m;eJY olYaus;Zl;} qdw k m
qkNd yD; vufcv H udk w f m/ 'geJY tJ't D zJUG Voice : tck tpfupdk u f m;wJh tyif MMA : bmjzpfvYkdavQmv
dk x h q J kd awmh avmufpkNyD; iSm;cJh&wmawG&Sdw,f/ pdw0f ifpm;vdYkzwfMunf&h if;eJY tJ'pD mtkyf
eJY qufoG,fvkdufwm/ awG u uRef ; ? ysOf ; uwk d ; qk d w J h twd t usawmh r od b l ; / 'gayrJ h wuúov kd 0f ifwef;wke;f u txl;xkwf zwf w&m;xdik Nf y;D ud, k u hf ,kd uf ,kd f ud, k hf
Voice : 'gqk d tpf u k d q k d v k d w mu a&mif;wrf;0ifopfawGqadk wmh 'gawG olukrÜPDydkif&SifjzpfwJhtwGuf olY&JU pmtkyfawGudk wcsKdUtrsm;pku 0,f rSmydik q f ikd wf m bmrSr&Sb d ;l qdw k modvm
ukd,fhajrukd olrsm;vufxJ rxnfh BuD;vm&if b,fvv dk yk rf , ,frf eS ;f xm;vJ/ Tour t0ifenf;wJt h cg Profit enf;vdYk Muw,f/ raeYnuajymw,f/ eDejD rif?h w,f/ ud, k phf w
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f Ydk
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oifwef;zGifhw,f/ ]]q&m uRefawmf
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vkyf? tJ'Dvkdqkdawmh aemifwpfcsdefus ckwfzkdYawmh r[kwfbl;aygh/ tdrf uRefawmfnn vdkufvkyfay;wmudk aemufwpfa,muf u ordik ;f udo k ;kH &uf? eJY uRefawmf oifwef;udktcrJhwuf
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tvkyftukdif - v,f,mpkdufysKd;ol avSmfum;rSmaewkef;u uRefawmf pmtk y f a wG z wf w ,f / tm;upm;
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zwfwmaygh/ pmtkyu f vnf; riSm;Edik f *kPfawmfudk;yg;ykwD;pdyfNyD; t"d|mef qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
34 THE VOICE WEEKLY
34 Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011

VOICE
The
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

SELF- HELP
TIPS
pnf;rsOf;vkdufem oifUb0rSm
The Rules of Life
Life
Rule 19

les of
pnf;rsOf; (19)
Don't dwell on the past
e Ru
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Richard Templar Th
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dk nf
Whatever the past was, it's gone. There is nothing you can do to change anything that has gone before and so you must turn your attention to the here and now. It is hard to resist the
allure of dwelling on what has gone before. But if you want to be successful in your life, you have to turn your attention to what is happening for you right now. You might be tempted to
dwell on the past because it was awful or because the only way to live is in the present.
twdwfwGif rnfokdYjzpfcJhjzpfcJh NyD;qkH;oGm;ayNyD/ NyD;cJhonfudkjyefajymif;vJ&ef oifbmrSrvkyfEkdifay/ oifhtm½Hk udk ,aeY,ckodkYajymif;vJxm;&Sd&ayrnf/ twdwfwGifw0Jvnfvnf jzpfae&ef
qGaJ qmifcsuu
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h wGuf ,ckvufiif;jzpfaeonfh tjzpftysuw f Ykdtay: oif\ tm½Hu k pkd ;l pku
d &f efjzpfonf/ oif\twdwo
f nf
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onfom oifhb0aexkdifa&;trSeftuefjzpfonf/

JOKE OF THE WEEK

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zciftuf'Du ar;\/
tuf'D / / *sifrD/ ighom; jrL;vScsnfvm;/
*sifrD / / [kww
EEK
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f o
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f m;/
tuf'D / / r[kwfygbl;uGm/ ÓPfaumif;vdkYyg/

HE W
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OF T
'kwd,&ufwGifvnf; ausmif;tjyefjrL;&Gifaeonfh *sifrDudk tuf'Du ar;\/

JOKE
*sifrD / / 'DaeYausmif;rSm ocsFmoifw,f/ olrsm;awG bmykpämrSaumif;aumif;rajzEkdifbl;/ om;utjrefqHk;ajzEkdifw,f/ tm;vHk;rSefw,f/ om;u yg&rD&SifjzpfaevdkYrsm;vm;/
tuf'D / / ÓPfaumif;vdkYygom;&,f/
wwd,&ufwGif ausmif;rS tdrfokdY jyefa&mufonfESifh *sifrDu tuf'Dudk ajym\/
*sifrD / / ',f'Da&? 'DaeYawmh "mwkaA'oifwm/ vufawGU"mwfcGJcef;xJrSma&m? pmoifcef;xJrSmyg om;udkvkdufrDwJhvlr&Sdbl;/ om;u yg&rD&SifjzpfaeNyDxifw,f/
'uf'D / / *sifrD/ rif;touf 51 ESpf&SdNyDqdkwm rarheJY/ tJ'gaMumifhuG/ em;vnfvm;/

Proof
EEK
HE W
a':vDprpf ukefwkdufBuD;twGif; 0,fcsifp&mypönf;rsm;udk avQmufMunhfNyD;aemuf aMumifpmoHk;xkyf0,fol aiG&Sif;aumifwmodkYa&mufaomtcg wm0ef&Sd0efxrf;u ajym\/
]]tbGm;? tdrfrSm aMumif&Sdw,fqdkwm wu,foufaojyEkdifrS aMumifpm a&mif;ay;ygr,f/ tbGm;wdkYt&G,f vlBuD;awG aMumifpm0,foGm;NyD;&if udk,fwkdifyJ 0g;pm;ypfMuw,fqdkvdkYyg&Sif}}

OF
dk üf a':vDprpf acG;pmoH;k bl;0,fonf/ ,cifjzpfpOftwkid ;f tdro
T
a':vDprpf aetdrfodkYjyefonf/ aMumifudk rcsDvmNyD;aemuf ta&mif;0efxrf;ukd aMumifjyvkdufonf/ aMumifpm0,fcGifh&\/
aemufwpf&ufwiG f tqdyk gukewf u f Ykdjyefí acG;udk ukew
f u
dk o
f Ykdac:vm&jyefonf/ aemufwpf&ufwiG f tqdyk gaiG&iS ;f aumifwmodYk

JOKE
a':vDprpf a&mufvmjyef\/
0efxrf; / / tbGm;? 'DaeYawmh bmawG0,fvdkufvJ/ awmfMum tdrfudkwpfacguf jyefae&OD;r,f/
a':vD / / at;? ig'DaeY 0,fwmuawmh tdrfomoHk;puúLav;xkyfyJ/ a&mh? nnf;cPudkifxm;ay;/ igoufaojyr,f/
 Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 35
35
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
VOICE
The

HEALTH
avjzwfrSmaMumufovm;? ajcmufa,mufrSmwpfa,mufaemf
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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
FOREIGN AFFAIRS 43
VOICE
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Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
 Vol.7 / No.8 - January 31 - February 6 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 45
45

SPORT
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
VOICE
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 46
VOICE
The

SPORT Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

Soccer Weekly Fixtures

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 47
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
VOICE
The
 48
VOICE
The

FOREIGN AFFAIRS Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

Vol.7 / No.8 VOICE

The
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

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INSTITUTIONAL
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50
The
VOICE SOCIETY Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011

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 Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
SOCIETY The

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VOICE
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 56
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EdkifiHa&;onf pdwfvIyf&Sm; wufMuG
zG,f&mjzpfonf/ vlom;wdkYonf
¤if;wdYk taejzifh rnfoYkdaexdik u f siMhf uH
oifhonf? rnfolu rnfonfht&m
udk &,lydkifqkdifoifhonf? tmPmESihf
tjcm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rnfokd ah 0iS
cGJjcrf;oifhonf? vlYtzGJUtpnf;onf
twlwuG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
(Cooperation) odkYr[kwf y#dyu©jzpf
aejcif; (Conflict) ponfwdkYwGif
tajcwnfoifhonf ponf ponf
jzifh oabmxm; t,ltqrsm; uGv
Muonf/ tESDudpö&yfrsm;udk rnfodkY
rnfyHk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;oifhonfudk
vnf; vlom;wdYkoabmxm; uGv J MJG u
jyefonf/ rnfuJhokdY wpfpw k pfpnf;
wnf;aom qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw
Murnfenf;? rnfou l ajyma&;qdck iG hf
&Sdoifhoenf;? vlwdkif;udk,fpD rnfrQ
MoZm&So d ifo
h enf; ponfjzifh oabm
xm;uGJvGJMuonf/ t&pöwkdw,f
twGufrSmrl EdkifiHa&;onf odyÜHynm
&yf\ q&mocif (Master Science) jzpf
onf/ tb,faMumifq h adk omf vlom;
wdYk\b0wd;k wuf&m wd;k wufaMumif;
ESifh aumif;rGefjrifhjrwfaom vlYtzGJU
tpnf; (Good Society) udk zefw;D a&;
twGuf MudK;yrf;rIjzpfaom vkyf&yfrQ
ta&;ygaomt&m wjcm;r&Sdaom
aMumifh jzpfonf/ Edik if aH &;qdo k nfrmS
tjcm;t&mtm;vH;k xuf ta&;tMuD;
qHk;jzpfaom vlrIaygif;azmfqufqH
a&;qdkif&m vkyfaqmifrI (Social ac-
tivity) wpfckjzpfonf/ EdkifiHa&;onf
tpOftNrJtm;jzifh ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf tjyef
tvSef pum;ajymqdkjcif; (Dialogue)
jzpfí rnfonfhtcgrS wpfOD;wnf;?
wpfzufwnf; pum;ajymqdkaejcif;
(Monologue) r[kwfacs/ wpfOD;wpf
a,mufwnf; txD;usefaeaomol
rsm; Oyrm-a&mfbifqif u½l;qd;k uho
aomolrsm;taejzifhrl ½dk;&Sif;aom
pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk xlaxmifEdkifaumif;
xlaxmifEikd v f rd rhf nf? tEkynm ponf
wdYkudk zefw;D xkwv f yk Ef ikd af umif; xkwf
vkyEf ikd rf nf/ okYdaomfjim;vnf; xdo k w
taejzifh Edik if aH &;wGif yg0ifywfouf
Edkifrnfr[kwfacs/ armifaomMum
odYkr[kwf r,faomMum pwifa&muf&dS
vmcsdefrSpíom EdkifiHa&; ay:xGef;
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ (pum;csyf/ /
'Je, D v
J f 'Jz;kd \ a&mfbifqif u½l;qd;k
0w¬KrS oabFmysufí uRef;ay:wGif
aomif w if a eaom txD ; usef
a&mfbifqifu½l;qdk;\ wpfOD;wnf;
aom uRe, f kH wynf&h if; armifaomMum)
odYk aomfjim;vnf; Edik if aH &;\tv,f
A[kdcsufwGifwnf&Sdaeaom oabm
uG J v G J j cif ; onf us,f 0 ef ; vm&m
xdktaMumif;t&m? bmom&yf \
oabmobm0ESifh xkdbmom&yfudk
rnfuJhodkY avhvmoifhonfqdkonf
txdyg us,fjyefY wdk;yGm;vmonf/
vlwdkYonf vlYabmifavmu twHkY
tjyef vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk
Edik if aH &;qufE, T v
f matmif rnfonfh
t&mu zefwD;oenf; qdkonfESifh
Edik if aH &;qkid &f m vkyaf qmifru I kd rnfuhJ
odkYtaumif;qHk; a0zefydkif;jcm;um
zGiq hf &kd iS ;f jyEdik rf nfenf; ponfwYdkwiG f
vnf; oabmxm;uGJvGJMuonf/
EdkifiHa&;udk t"dyÜm,fzGifUqdkjcif;
Ekid if aH &;udk t½d;k &Si;f qH;k t"dymÜ ,f
J JG zGifhqdk&rnfqdkvQif EdkifiHa&;onf
vlom;wdYk\ ¤if;wdYktouf&iS f aexdik f
rIqdkif&m taxGaxGpnf;rsOf;wdkYudk
jy|mef;jcif;? xkdpnf;rsOf;wdkYudk xdef;
odr;f jcif;? jyKjyifjcif;wkYd jzifh oufqikd f
S f onfv h yk af qmifrw I pfcjk zpfonf/ wpfzef
Edik if aH &;onf avhvmoifMum;&onfh
ynm&yfwpfckjzpfaejyefaomfvnf;
«t*Fvdyfpmjzifha&;vQif wpfcgwpf&H
Politics \ tppmvHk; P udk pmvHk;
tBuD; (Capital Letter) P jzifh azmfjy
wwfonf/» txufazmfjyyg vkyf
aqmifrIukd avhvmrIjyKjcif;omjzpf
onf/ xdYkaMumifh Edik if aH &;onf xl;jcm;
aom taMumif;tjcif;t&mrsm;jzpf
onfh y#dyu© (Conflict) ESihf yl;aygif;
aqmif&u G rf I (Cooperation) ponfwYkd
ESifh cGJjcm;ír&Edkifatmif qufpyfae
onf/ wpfzufwGif tNydKiftqdkifjzpf
aeaom xifjrif,q l csurf sm;? rwlnD
aomvdt k ifrsm;? ,SONf ydKit f omvkae&
aom vkt d yfcsufrsm;ESihf qefYusib
jzpfaeaom tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; wnf&dS
aejcif;onf vlom;wdkY&Sifoefaexdkif
rIqdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifhywfoufí
oabmxm;uGv J rJG u I kd tmrcHaponf/
tjcm;wpfzufwiG v f nf; xdpk nf;rsO;f ?
pnf;urf;rsm;udk vkdufemapmifhxdef;
Muonfukd aocsmap&efEiS hf ¤if;wdYkEiS hf
J Ykd ywfoufaomvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;
wGif MoZmoufa&mufr&I adS p&ef tjcm;
olrsm;ESit hf wl wGzJ uftvkyv f yk Mf u&
rnfuv kd nf; vlom;wdYk taeESihf odrw
em;vnfxm;onf/ xdYkaMumifh [efe
l Ykd t&ef;'fu Edik if aH &;tmPmudk oabm
wlnn D w G pf mG vkyaf qmifNcif; (Acting
in concert) [k t"dyÜm,f &Sif;vif;zGifh
qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtwGufaMumifh
Edik if aH &;\ tESpfom&udk twdkuftcH
tNydKiftqdkifNzpfaeaom t,ltq
rsm; odkYr[kwf ,SOfNydKiftomvkae&
aom tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;udk wpfckESifh
wpfck jyefvnfoifhjrwf aygif;pnf;
ay;onfh y#dyu©ajz&Sif;a&;vkyfief;
pOfwpf&yftjzpf rMumcP &nfnTef;
azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/ odYkaomfjim;vnf;
,ckuo hJ Ykd ½dk;&Sif;pGm zGifhqdkxm;aom
EdkifiHa&;qdkonfrSm y#dyu©udk atmif
jrifpmG ajz&Si;f Edik jf cif;[k awG;xifrnfh
tpm; y#dyu©ajz&Sif;a&; MudK;yrf;rI
wpf&yftaejzifo h m rSw, f o l ifo h nf/
tb,f a Mumif h q d k a omf y#d y u©
odkYr[kwf jyóemrsm; tm;vHk;onf
ajyvnfaMuat;oGm;cJMh uonf r[kwf
ovdk jyóemrsm; tm;vH;k onfvnf;
ajyvnfajz&Sif;í &Edkifonfr[kwf
acs/ a&SmifvGJír&Edkifaom rwlnD
uG J j ym;rI r sm;&S d a ejcif ; (uREk f y f w d k Y
tm;vHk; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; rwlnDMu)
ESifh raygrsm;jcif; (b,faomtcgrSs
vlwdkif;udk,fpDtwGuf vkHavmufpGm
r&Sdjcif;) wdkYu EdkifiHa&;udk &Sifoefae
xdik Mf uD;jyif;&m vlYb0\ {ueftrSef
jzpfaom vu©Pmwpf&yftjzpf aocsm
ckdifrmaponf/
EdkifiHa&;\ t"dyÜm,fudk zGifhqdk
&Sif;vif;&ef MudK;yrf;rIrSeforQ t"du
jyóemESpf&yfudk ajz&Sif;&onf/
yxrjyóemrSm xdpk um;vH;k udk aeYpOf
oH;k pGMJ u&mwGif tjcm;taMumif;t&m
rsm;ESifh ajrmufjrm;pGm aygif;pyffum
t"dyÜm,f csJYxGifoHk;pGJrIjzpfonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh EdkifiHa&;qdkaom
pum;vHk;onf rl&if;t"dyÜm,fudk
ausmf v G e f u m t"d y Ü m ,f t rsKd ; rsKd ;
csUJ xGio f ;kH pGEJ ikd af om a0g[m& (Loaded
term) jzpfonf/ vltrsm;pkwdkYtae
jzifh abm*aA'? yx0D? ordik ;f ESihf ZD0aA'
ponfwYu kd kd avhvmoifMum;&m bmom
&yfrsm;tjzpf vG,v f , G &f iS ;f &Si;f odjrif
Muaomfvnf; vlenf;pkom EdkifiHa&;
udk MudKwifawG;jrifxm;jcif;r&SdbJ
rnfuo hJ Ykdaom bmom&yfjzpfonfukd
oabmayguf e m;vnf E d k i f o nf /
f uf Oyrm-Edik if aH &;bmom&yfukd avhvm
ol ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
oifMum;ay;ol q&mrsm;onf wpfenf;
r[kwf wpfenf;tm;jzifh (tawG;tac:?
t,ltq) uGm[rIrsm; odkYr[kwf
wpfzufapmif;eif;jzpfrIrsm; &Sdudk&Sd&
rnf[kvltawmfrsm;rsm;u tvdt
,lqMuNyD; EkdifiHa&;bmom&yfonf
bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ? rQrQwwESifh pdwf
cHpm;rIudk OD;pm;ray;bJ csOf;uyfavh
vmEdik o f nhf bmomwpf&yf[k ,HMk unf
S f &ef cufcJMuonf/ xdkYxufqdk;onf
u EdkifiHa&;[laom a0g[m&udk rsm;
aomtm;jzifh vltrsm;rMum;Edik af om?
pufqkyfzG,faumif;aom pum;vHk;
(Dirty Word) tjzpf xifjrif,lqMu
jcif;jzpfonf/ Edik if aH &;[k qdv
ESihf jyóemz½kzd &Jjzpfjcif;ESihf tMurf;
zufrI ponfhyHk&dyfrsm;udkwpfzuf?
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;? y&d,m,fESifh
pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh vdrfnmrIrsm;
ponfyh &kH yd rf sm;udw k pfzuf jrifa,mif
rdaponf/ þuJo h Ykd Edik if aH &;a0g[m&
udk tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihf aygif;
Monday, January 31 - February 6 , 2011
pyft"dymÜ ,fziG q hf jkd cif;rSm topftqef;
r[kwfay/ 1775 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQ
pma&;q&m? uAsmq&m qefjrL&,f
*Refqifu EdkifiHa&;onf urÇmay:
wGif MoZmtmPm wdk;wufvmEdkif
a&; enf;vrf;wpfcx k uf bmrQryd[ k k
½IwfcsowfrSwfcJhonf/ wpfzef 19
&mpkEpS w f iG f tar&duefordik ;f ynm&Sif
[ife&Dt'rfpu f Edik if aH &;qkod nf rSm
‘&efNidK;rsm;udk pepfwus aygif;pyf
zGUJ pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf[k tESpcf sKyf
zGifhqdkcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHa&;udk
t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&ef MudK;yrf;rIrSeforSs
xkad 0g[m&udk tjcm;aom taMumif;
t&mrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfjcif;rS MudK;pm;
cGx
J w k &f ef vkt d yfvmonf/ qdv k okd nf
rSm EdkifiHa&;onf csD;usL;zG,faumif;
aom? wefz;kd &Sad om vkyaf qmifrw I pfck
jzpfaMumif; tajccdik af pjcif;jzifh ,if;\
ESpNf rKd UzG,rf aumif;aom ausmMf um;rIrsm;
rS u,fwif&ef BudK;pm;Ncif;jzpfonf/
'kwd,jyóem&yfrSm ydkrdkí ajz
&Si;f &ef rvG,u f al om tcuftcJwpfck
jzpfonfh EdkifiHa&;qkdonfrSm rnf
onfhtMumif;t&m? rnfuJhodkYaom
vkyfaqmifrIudkqdkvdkonfudk ½dkao
av;pm;xkdufaom ynm&Sifrsm;yif
oabmwlnDrIr&&SdEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/
EkdifiHa&;qdkonfrSm tmPmudkusifh
oHk;rI (The Exercise of Power)?
tmPmydkif\vkyfaqmifrI (The Ex-
ercise of Authority)? pkaygif;qH;k jzwf
csufrsm;csrSwfjcif; (The Making of
Collective Decisions)? &Sm;yg;aom
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udkcGJa0jcif; (The
Allocation of Scarce Resources)?
vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESifh y&d,m,fESifh pDrH
aqmif&Gufjcif;wkdYudk usifhoHk;rI (The
Practice of Deception and Manipu-
lation) ponfjzifh t"dymÜ ,ftrsKd;rsKd;
zGiq
hf Mkd uonf/ ,ckpmtkyw f iG f wd;k csJU
zGifhqdkxm;aom EdkifiHa&;t"dyÜm,f\
aumif;rGefrIrSm (EdkifiHa&;qdkonfrSm)
taxGaxGvrl pI nf;rsO;f rsm;udk jy|mef;
jcif;? xde;f odr;f jcif;ESijhf yKjyifjcif; (The
k avsmuf Making, Preserving and Amending
of General Social Rules) yifjzpfonf/
þzGiq hf ckd suof nf tjcm;aom trsKd;
rsKd; taxGaxG t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
tuket f pifr[kwv f Qiaf wmif trsm;pk
udk NcHKiHkEdkifavmufatmif us,f0ef;
onf/ odkYaomfvnf; t"dyÜm,fudk
tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;zGifhqdkaomtcg
wGifjzpfap? jyefvnfjyifqif oHk;oyf
aomtcgwGijf zpfap jyóemrsm; ay:
k ukd of nf aygufvmonf/ Oyrm-EdkifiHa&;
qdkonfrSm pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk
rnfodkYrnfyHk jy|mef;onf? xdef;odrf;
onf? jyKjyifonf (qkdvkdonfrSm-
Nidrf;csrf;pGmjy|mef;? xdef;odrf;? jyKjyif
onf (Peacefully)? (rl0g'rsm;tm;)
tNydKiftqdkif? tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;
zvS,fNyD;rS twnfjyKjy|mef;jcif;?
xdef;odrf;jcif;? jyKjyif? jyifqifjcif;
(By Debate) udk qdkvdkonfavm
okdYr[kwf xdkuJhodkYaom vkyfief;pOf
rsm;tm;vH k ; ud k &nf n T e f ; oavm
ponfhjyóemrsKd;jzpfonf/ tvm;
wlpGmyif EdkifiHa&;onf vlrIa&;tajc
taersm;? tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k wGif
usifo h ;kH oavm odYk r[kwf tcsKdUaom
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;üom tpdk;& (Gov-
ernment) ESihf jynfov l x l Ek iS yhf wfouf
qufq&H aom vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;
(Public Life) wGifom EdkifiHa&;udk
usifhoHk;oavm (qdv k o kd nfrmS tpd;k &
odYk r[kwf tpd;k &Xmersm;? ½Hk;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufrSom EdkifiHa&;[k ac:qkd
oavm [líjzpfonf)/
xdYkaMumifh Edik if aH &;udk rjzpfrae
jiif;cHak qG;aEG;ae&aom oabmw&m;
wpfct k jzpf rSw, f al umif; rSw, f El ikd f
onf/ xku d o hJ Ykd rSw, f rl nfqv kd Qif Edik if H
a&;[laom a0g[m&wGif vufcHEdkif
aom odkYr[kwf tusKd;taMumif;
oifhaom t"dyÜm,frsm;pGm&Sdonf/
tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; xdkuJhodkY
rwlnDaom ½IjrifoHk;oyfrIrsm;wGif
oabmw&m;wpfckwnf;\ (rxif
r&Sm;om) uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh t,l
tqrsm;om yg0ifaumif; yg0ifvdrfh
rnf/ uREkfyfwdkYtaeESifh acwfNydKif
oabmw&m;rsm; odkYr[kwf tjcm;
xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ESifh ywfouf
onfhtcg EdkifiHa&;qdkwm bmvJ
qdkonfudk jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;&usdK;eyf
onf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf xku d o hJ Ykd
jiif;cHak qG;aEG;rIonf Edik if aH &;udk ynm
&yfwpfcktjzpfavhvm&mwGif teuf
½diI ;f qH;k aom todynmESihf 0g'a&;&m
oabmxm;uGv J rJG rI sm;rS tcsKUd udk azmf
xkwfEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þ
pmtkyfwGif avhvmqef;ppfxm;aom
EdkifiHa&;\ oabmobm0tay:
rwlnaD om½Ijrifo;kH oyfcsufrsm;rSm-
- Edik if aH &;tm; tkycf sKyrf t I wwf
ynmtjzpf (Politics as The Art of
Government)
- EdkifiHa&;tm; wdkif;oljynf
om;wkYd \ ta&;udprö sm;tjzpf (Poli-
tics as Public Affairs)
- Edik if aH &;tm; ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf tay;
t,l? tavQmhtwif;jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh
bHo
k abmwlnrD w I nfaqmufjcif;tjzpf
(Politics as Compromise and Con-
sensus)
- Edik if aH &;tm; tmPmESihf t&if;
tjrpfrsm;udk a0iSjzefYjzL;jcif;tjzpf
(Politics as power and the distribu-
tion of resources) ponfwYkdjzpfonf/
Andrew Heywood \
Politics udkwdkuf½dkufjyefqdkonf/
ae,k
21 &uf Zefe0g&Dv 2011 ckESpf/
n 11 em&D 16 rdepf