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Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
VOICE
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Vol.7 / No.12 Weekly Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

POLITICS

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Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
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THE VOICE WEEKLY 33
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TOURISM
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 10
VOICE
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LOCAL Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

News in Brief
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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

MOTORING
BUSINESS The

VOICE
11

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 14
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EDUCATION Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
EDUCATION VOICE
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15

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16
THE VOICE WEEKLY Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011

VOICE

PERSPECTIVE
The
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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(GDP udk vlOD;a&ESifU pm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf)
wufvmonfU oabmvnf;jzpfayonf/
xdo k jhkd zpfay:ap&ef Edik if aH wmfxw
Edik if o
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]ay; . . .pm;} rnf[laom
oabmxm;&S&d ef vdt k yfygonf/
twGuf EdkifiHom;wdkif; at;csrf;om,mpGm tvkyfvkyfEdkif&ef
vdktyfonfjzpf&m xdkudpörsm;twGuf w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh
vHkjcHKa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; vkdtyfvmygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm EdkifiH
wnfaqmufa&;wGif pD;yGm;a&;wnfaqmufro I nf y"meudpjö zpf
NyD; vHkjcHKa&;onf xdky"meudpu ö dk taxmuftyHhjyKay;onfhudpö
omjzpfonf[k tajccHusus oabmaygufa&;jzpfonf/
jcHKíajym&vSsif EdkifiHwnfaqmufa&;onf EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;
wnfaqmufay;&jcif;jzpfí oufqdkif&mtpdk;&xHwGif EdkifiHom;
wdik ;f tvkyv f yk cf iG &hf &Sad p&ef rl rsm;jrifomxifom jy|mef;xm;NyD;
pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkodkY
EdkifiHom;wdkif; pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; tvG,fwul&&Sd&ef
tpd;k &\ twGi;f pdwo f abmxm; tc&musonfukd awGU&onf/
tpd;k &\ oabmxm;onf Edik if o H m;wdik ;f udk tvG,w f ul tvkyf
vkycf iG ahf y;csiaf om oabmxm;&Srd o S mvQif Edik if w
H nfaqmufa&;
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f yk cf iG hf (2) aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;ESifU EdkifiHawmfrsm;\ tcef;u@
Edik if wH nfaqmufa&;onf Edik if pH ;D yGm;a&; wnfaqmufjcif;
jzpfonf[kqdkvSsif 'kwd,ta&;BuD;onfrSm aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;
pepfjzifh EdkifiHwnfaqmufa&;wGif EdkifiHawmf (tpdk;&) rsm;\
tcef;u@ jzpfayonf/
k Ykd jzpfay:ap aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfjzifh EdkifiHudkwnfaqmuf&mwGif
EdkifiHawmfrsm;\tcef;u@onf EdkifiHom;wdkif; pD;yGm;a&;tcGifh
tvrf;rsm; &&Sdap&ef? xdkrSwpfqifh EdkifiHom;wdkif; tvkyftudkif
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdap&ef Oya'? enf;Oya'rsm;? vkyfxHk;vkyf
enf;rsm;? tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; (Institutions) jrifomxifom xlaxmif
ay;&jcif;? xlaxmifciG jhf yKjcif;jzpfonf/ vlrqH;k jzwfawmhbJ rlu
qH;k jzwfonfo h abmjzpfap&ef jrifomxifompnf;rsO;f rsm; jy|mef;
í Edik if oH m;wdik ;f pD;yGm;&SmcGihf vG,u f al tmifprD aH y;&jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHwnfaqmufa&; odkYr[kwf EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;
wnfaqmufa&;wGif Edik if aH wmfrsm;\ wm0efrmS Edik if o H m;tm;vH;k
udk jrifomxifom&SdNyD; wef;wl&nfwljzpfonfh
(u) ukev f yk pf rG ;f tm;pkrsm; &,lo;kH pGcJ iG hf odYk r[kwf ]ydik cf iG }hf
trsKd;rsKd;ay;tyfjcif;?
(c) Oya't& pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ay;tyfjcif;?
BuD;Muyfjcif;? tcGeaf umuf,jl cif;rsm; jyKvky&f mwGif rvdt k yfonfh
p&dwyf rkd sm; avQmch say;jcif; ponfrsm;udk axmufy&hH efwm0ef&o dS nf/
(u) ukefvkyfpGrf;tm;pkrsm; qdkonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
k nfrmS rsm; vkyfudkifcGifhtwGuf vkdtyfaomvkyfief;vdkifpif? oGif;ukef
xkwfukefvdkifpif? tajccHpD;yGm;a&;taqmuftOD? w,fvDzkef;?
vQyfppfr;D ? ,mOfwifoiG ;f cGihf ponfwYkd ukd p&dwrf BuD;bJ tvG,f
H vkd nf; wul&&Sdatmif pDpOfay;jcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
EdkifiHom;wdkif; tvkyfvkyfEdkifatmif rufvHk;ay;NyD; tvkyfvkyfap
jcif;yifjzpfygonf/
(c) Oya't& pD;yGm;a&;tcGit hf vrf;rsm;ay;tyfjcif;? Bu;D Muyf
jcif;? tcGet f aumufaumuf,jl cif; ponfwYkdukd Edik if aH wmfbufrS
vkyfaqmif&mwGif p&dwfpuBuD;rm;oGm;cJhvQif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
vkyfudkifolrsm; tjrwftpGef;r&EdkifawmhaomaMumifh ay;um;
ay;\ r& jzpfwwfayonf (transaction costs)/ tpdk;&u c&D;
onfwifbwfpfum;rsm; wifoGif;cGifhudk b,farmif;topfom
wifoGif;&rnf[k uefYowfvdkufygu c&D;onfydkYaqmifa&;
H iG f vkyfief; vkyfoltm;vHk; t&if;tEDS;BuD; vkdtyfoGm;um odef;wpf
axmifr&SdvQif um;wpfpD;r&aom tajctae jzpfoGm;Edkifay
onf/ vGefcJhaom q,fESpfu xkwfvkyfxm;aom um;a[mif;
wifoGif;cGifhrjyKjcif;onf tpdk;&bufrS rvdktyfaom p&dwfydk
(transaction cost) jzpfatmif zefw;D vku d of uJo h Ykd jzpfapygonf/
þae&mwGif ta&;MuD;onfrSm Supply Chain oabm
w&m;jzpfonf/ Supply Chain qdkonfrSm ukefypönf; odkYr[kwf
0efaqmifrIwpfckckudk pwifxkwfvkyfcsdefrSpí end user ac:
pm;oHk;olrsm; vuf0,fa&muf&Sdonftxd tqifYqifY vufvTJ
ydYk aqmifjcif; uGi;f qufukd qdv k o
kd nf/ jynfoUl a&;&m0efaqmifrI
rsm;wGifvnf; Supply Chain oabmw&m; tjrJwap &Sdaeyg
onf/ rl0g'wpfckudk pwifpOf;pm;csdefrS jynfolYxHa&muf&Sdcsdef
txd vkyfief;tqifhqifhonf Supply Chain jzpfonf/
qefpyg;udk pwifpdkufysKd;csdefrS pm;oHk;oljynfol\ yg;pyf
ayguftwGif;odkY a&muf&Sdcsdeftxd vTJajymif;rI tqifhqifhudk
Supply Chain [kac:ygonf/ xdv k aJT jymif;rItqifq h ifw
h iG f &So
d ifh
&Sdxdkufaomtqifhrsm;? xdk&Sdoifh&SdxdkufaomtqifhwGif xkwf,l
oGm;aom tjrwftpGef;rsm;&SdaeonfrSm jyóem r[kwfaomf
vnf;? tpdk;&u tqifhydkwpf&yf xnfhoGif;vdkufaomtcg
xdktqifhydkwpf&yfaMumifY ukefusp&dwfwpfck &SdoGm;cJhvQif tqHk;
owf end user ac: pm;oHk;olxHwGif aps;MuD;oGm;onfudk awGU&
rnfjzpfonf (Transaction Cost)/ a'oqdik &f m tmPmydik w f pfO;D
\trdefYt& qefpyg;udk e,fausmfcGifhr&Sdaomtcg e,fausmf
o,f&ef vmbfay;&aomaMumifh p&dwfydkjzpfoGm;jyD; tqHk; end
user xHwGif aps;MuD;oGm;jcif;rsKd;udk qdkvdkonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHtay:wGif jynfyrS ydwfqdkYta&;,lrItm;vHk;
onf oGif;ukefjzpfonfh 'DZ,f? "mwfajrMoZm? ydk;owfaq;rsm;
wGif p&dwyf u kd ek u
f srjI zpfapaomaMumifh xkwv f yk rf b
I ufwiG f p&dwf
pursm;pGm jzpfaponfukd awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ xdpk &dwyf t kd m;vH;k
onf tqHk;owf end user pm;oHk;olxHwGif p&dwfpuMuD;jrifhrI
udk jzpfapygonf/ xdo k Ykdrjzpfap&ef tpd;k &u qefaps;udu k efYowf
cJhvQif back fire jzpfjyD; xkwfvkyfrI? awmifolv,form;rsm;xH
wGif aps;EdSrfí 0,f,lrIrsKd;udk jzpfapjyefonf/
jcHKiHkíajym&vQif aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;wGif EdkifiHawmfrsm;\
t"duwm0efrSm EdkifiHom;rsm;udk p&dwfpu rBuD;jrifhapbJ
pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL &&Sdapjcif;jzpfayonf/
þp&dwfpu udpu ö dk tpdk;&rsm;u oabmraygufvQif Supply
Chain wGif uefYowfrItrsKd;rsKd; tpdk;&u jyKvkyfawmhrnfjzpfjyD;
p&dwyf rkd sm;pGm jzpfay:apum pm;oH;k ol odYkr[kwf xkwv f yk o f w l iG f
0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ xdktcg ay;umay;\r&
qdkaom tajctaersdK;udk MuHKawGU&rnfjzpfonf/ ydwfqdkYta&;
,lrIrsm; (Sanctions) &SdaeaomaMumifY tpdk;&avQmhcsay;&ef
rjzpfEdkifaom p&dwfydkrsm; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &SdaejyD;jzpf&m tpdk;&
aMumifh aemufxyf0efxyk 0f efy;kd rjzpfa&;onf rsm;pGmta&;Mu;D ygonf/
pmrsufESm 30 od k Y
 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
ocifoef;az? ocifEkESifU OD;ausmfNidrf;wdkhudk 21 &mpkokdh jyefac:MunfUjcif;
ausm0f if;
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1 948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufaeY vGwfvyfa&;aMunmNyD;
em&Dykdif;tMum . . . / þaeY? þtcsdefwGif vGwfvyfaom
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH\ yxrqHk;tBudrf ,m,DygvDref
(wkdif;jynfjyKvTwfawmf) tpnf;ta0;udk usif;ycJhonf/ þ
tpnf;ta0;BuD;rSmyif 0efBuD;csKyf ocifEu k ,refEpS f 1947 ckEpS f
atmufwdkbmv 17 &ufaeYu csKyfqdkcJhaom ]t*Fvdyf-
jrefrmpmcsKyf} (EktufwvDpmcsKyf) udk twnfjyK&ef wifoGif;
cJhygonf/ þwGif ]ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD (Auy)}rS jzL;
ygvDreftrwf ocifoef;azu xdpk mcsKyfut kd wnfrjyK&ef a0zef
uefYuGufcJhonf/
ocifoef;az\ a0zefcsufudk tESpfcsKyfvkdufvQif tcsuf
oHk;csufudkawGUEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
1/ ,aeYeHeuf 4 em&D rdepf 20 u aMunmvkdufaom
vGwv f yfa&;rSm EktufwvDpmcsKyaf Mumifh xGuaf y:vmonfr[kw/f
ESpfaygif; 120 ausmftqufrjywfwkdufcdkufcJhaom vGwfvyfa&;
wdkufyGJ\ tusKd;qufomjzpfonf/ þodkY jrefrmhaoG;ESifh &if;NyD;
jrefrmhtm;ESihf wku d cf &hJ onfh vGwv f yfa&;jzpfonft h wGuf rdrw d Ykd
uGefjrLepfrsm;taeESifh 0rf;yef;womBudKqdkonf/
2/ odkYaomf tqdkygpmcsKyfrSmyif ]NAdwdoQppfrpf&SifrSvGJí
"eo[m&tzGJUjyify&Sd EkdifiHrsm;rS rnfonfh ppfrpf&SifudkrS vuf
rcH&} qdak omtcsufyg&So d jzifh jrefrmhvw G vf yfa&;udk t*Fvyd u
ppfa&;t& pGufzufjc,fvS,f&ma&mufaeonf/
3/ xdkYxufta&;BuD;onfrSm t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;bufrS
pD;yGm;a&;t& qufvufaoG;pkyfEkdifrnfh a&cH? ajrcHtcsKdU pmcsKyf
wGif yg&Sdaejcif;jzpfonf/ jrefrmtpkd;&u ay;qyf&rnfh ta<u;
49 'or 67 uka#ESifh EkdifiHjcm;ukrÜPDrsm;udk jynfolydkifodrf;
vQif avsmfaMu;ay;&rnfqdkaom tcsufrsm;rSm xif&Sm;aom
om"ursm;jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf pmcsKyft& t*Fvdyfay;onfh
vGwfvyfa&;rSm EkdifiHa&;t& vGwfvyfaomfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;t&
rvGwfvyfojzifh tqkdygpmcsKyf (EktufwvDpmcsKyf) udk jrefrm
ygvDrefrS twnfrjyKoifhaMumif; wifjyoGm;ygonf/
ocifoef;az\ a0zefcsufukd yxrqH;k 0efBuD;csKyf ocifEk
u jyefvnfacsyygonf/ ol NAdwv d Qppfrpf&iS f (ocifEpk um;t&
qdk&vQif NAdwdoQ ppftwwfoiftzGJU) udpu ö dk p&Sif;onf/ trSef
pifppf NAdwod Qppfrpf&iS t f zGUJ udk awmif;qdck ohJ nfrmS jrefrmbufrS
omjzpfaMumif; jrefrmhwyfrawmfudk avhusifhoifMum;Ekdif&ef?
þodYkawmif;qdck jhJ cif;jzpfaMumif;? þodYkt*Fvyd pf pfrpf&iS Ef iS hf ppfynm
oifMum;aepOf tjcm;rpf&Sifrsm;vufrcHzdkY oabmwlcJhonfrSm
]q&mrsm;om;ao} rjzpfapvdí k omjzpfaMumif; &Si;f vif;wifjyonf/
qufvufNyD; pD;yGm;a&;t& rvGwfvyfqdkaomtcsufudk
jyefvnfacsyonf/ txl;ojzifh EkdifiHjcm;ukrÜPDrsm;udk jynfol
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;wGif Edik if aH wmfrsm;\
t"duwm0efrmS Edik if o H m;rsm;udk
p&dwpf urBu;D jrifaU pbJ pD;yGm;a&;tcGit Uf vrf;rsm;
a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL &&Sad pjcif;jzpfayonf/
þp&dwfpu udpöudk tpdk;&rsm;u
oabmraygufvQif Supply Chain wGif
uefoh wfrt I rsK;d rsK;d tpd;k &u jyKvyk af wmUrnfjzpfNy;D
p&dwyf rkd sm;pGmjzpfay:apum
pm;oHk;ol odkhr[kwf xkwfvkyfolwGif
0efxyk 0f efy;kd jzpfapvdrrUf nfjzpfonf/
xdktcg ay;umay;\ r&qdkaom tajctaersdK;udk
MuKH awG&Y rnfjzpfonf/ ydwq f thkd a&;,lrrI sm;
(Sanctions) &SdaeaomaMumifU
tpd;k &avQmcU say;&ef rjzpfEikd af om
p&dwyf rkd sm; jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f &Sad ejy;D jzpf&m
tpd;k &aMumifU aemufxyf0efxyk 0f efy;kd rjzpfa&;onf
rsm;pGmta&;Mu;D ygonf/
PERSPECTIVE
f
ykdifodrf;vQif avsmfaMu;ay;&rnfqdkaomtcsufudk xdkpOfu
qdk&S,fvpfEkdifiHwpfckjzpfaom ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;ESifh EdIif;,SOfNyD;
,ckvdkqdkonf/ ]]qdkAD,uf ½k&Sm;eJY uyfaeNyD; tifrwefwefcdk;
BuD;wJh pwmvifwpfa,mufvHk; tm;udk;&SdwJh ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;
awmifrS avsmfaMu;ay;ao;&if uRefawmfawmh cyf&Sif;&Sif;yJajym
yg&ap/ *sKd&w DS Ykd ? *d&k ,
S wf Ykd qw kd hJ wpfa,mufp ESpaf ,mufptm;ud;k
eJY jrefrmjynfrmS avsmaf Mu;ray;bJ twif;odr;f wJt h vkyu f akd wmh
uRefawmfwYkd rvky&f b J ;l / 'Dvv kd yk &f r,fvYkd uGejf rLepfawG,MkH unf
&ifawmh twif;odr;f Muyg.../}} (*sKd&rDS mS xkpd Ofu tdE, d́ uGejf rLepf
ygwD taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfNyD; *d&k , S rf mS A.u.y aygvpfAsL½dk
tzGJU0if b*FgvDvlrsKd;jzpfonf/)
xdYk aemuf OD;ausmNf idr;f u ocifEak csycsuu f kd axmufcw
jyygonf/ oluvnf; pD;yGm;a&;t& rvGwfvyfqdkaom pGyfpGJ
csufudk OD;wnf&Sif;onf/ txl;ojzifh a<u;NrDudpu ö dktjcm;EkdifiH
rsm;ESifh ,SOfjyNyD; uGefjrLepfrsm;ykHBuD;csJUoavmuf jyóemr&Sd
Ekid af Mumif; axmufjyonf/ tu,fí ta<u;wpfjym;rS rqyfbJ
vGwfvyfa&;ZGwfaMunmvQifvnf;jzpfaMumif;? odkYaomfjzpfay:
vmrnft h usKd;qufrsm;udrk l vufawGUususoH;k oyfzYkd vakd Mumif;?
rdrw d Ykd taeESihf at;at;anmif;anmif;jzpfEidk rf nfv h rf;aMumif;udk
om a&G;cs,foifhaMumif; &Sif;jyonf/
ajym&vQif þ]'Dbdwf} BuD;onfyif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;\
tzGifhZmwfuGufjzpfygonf/ rMumrwifvmawmhrnfh jynfwGif;
ppfZmwfemBuD;\ tzGiw hf ;D vH;k [kvnf; qdEk idk v f rd rhf nfxifygonf/
csO;f uyfrI ESprf sK;d
0efcH&vQif qdkcJhyg 'DbdwfBuD;udk pma&;ol pwifMum;&?
od&? zwf&pOfu ocifoef;azbufwGifom vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;&Sd
aecJhygonf/ olYa0zefcsufurS oabmw&m;a&;txkdifESifh pD;pD;
ykid yf ikd &f o
dS nf[k jrifco
hJ nf/ ocifEEk iS hf OD;ausmNf idr;f wkYd\ acsycsuf
awGrmS oabmw&m;a&;tvif;a&mifuif;rJah om Common Sense
[kxifum txifrBuD;EkdifjzpfcJh&onf/ ,ckrS jyefawG;Munhf
vkdufaomtcg olwkdYwpfawGrSm rwlaom csOf;uyfrIESpfrsKd;udk
udk,fpm;jyKygvm; qifjcifrdawmhonf/ ]EIef;pH tajcjyKcsOf;uyf
enf;} (Normative Approach) ESifh ]vufawGUtajcjyKcsOf;uyf
enf;} (Pragmatic Approach) . . . /
ocifoef;azu ol,HkMunfaom uGefjrLepfpHrsm;ESifh
vGwv f yfa&;ukad 0zefonf/ Ekid if jH cm;t&if;tES;D qdv k Qif vGwvf yf
a&;udk aESmifBudK;wJxm;onfh aoG;pkyfrIa&cH ajrcH/ pD;yGm;a&;t&
rvGwfvyfvQif EkdifiHa&;vGwfvyfrIrSm bmrSt"dyÜm,fr&Sd/ odkY
twGuf twkta,mifvGwfvyfa&;/ ocifEkwdkYurl wkdif;jynf\
yuwdt&Sd tay:tajccHNyD; vufawGUjzpfEkdifajcudkom pOf;pm;
onf/ jzpfEkdifvQif olwkdYudk,fwkdifu bmta<u;rSray;csif? bm
avsmfaMu;rS ray;csif/ odkYaomf aemufxyfppfyGJwpfyGJESifh &if;
&rnfudkum;rvdkvm;/ aemufqHk; emusifyifyef;rI tenf;qHk;
The
VOICE
17
vrf;aMumif;udka&G;vkdufjcif;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/
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aom q,fausmfouft&G,/f rmhc0f g'oabmw&m;a&;usrf;BuD;
rsm;udk rrDruef;ESifh tirf;r& zwfaecsdef/ vufawGUjzwfoef;rI
qdkívnf; bmwpfckrS r&Sdao;onfjzpf&m ]aoG;pkyfrI a&cHajrcH}
paom pum;vHk;ajymifajymifawGtay: a,mifeepGJvrf;aerd
onfukd 0efc&H ygvdrrfh nf/ ,ckEpS af ygif; 40 ausmf 50 eD;yg;Mum
aomtcgwGifum; xkdpOfu ]aoG;pkyfrIa&cHajrcH} ,cktac: FDI
(EkdifiHjcm; wkduf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI) udk teDqHk;EkdifiHBuD;rsm; uyif
wHcg;us,fus,fzGifhí tNydKiftqkdifzdwfac:aeMuayNyD/ ,cif
em;vnfcsut f & qd&k vQif aoG;pkwcf &H rnfbh ufu ]vmyg? ,lyg}
H if ac:ae&csdefwGif aoG;pkyfrnfhbufu pkyfoifhrpkyfoifh csdefqae
&ovkyd ifjzpfawmhonf/ þonfyif orkid ;f \]axhaigh oa&mfcsif
p&m} (Ironic) [k qdk&acsrnfvm;rod/
enf;vrf;ESpo
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qdk&vQif rsufarSmuf*vdkb,fvdkufaZ;&Sif;acwfwGif
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 The
18
VOICE PERSPECTIVE Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
PERSPECTIVE VOICE
The
19

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Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

Vol.7 / No.12 VOICE

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February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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29
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Export wdkY\ tpkta0;jzpf&m tpdk;&rS EdkifiHom;rsm; 0ifaiGwdk;í
oHk;pGJrIwdk;wufap&ef? jynfwGif;jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; wdk;wuf
ap&ef? tpd;k &\tcGe0f ifaiGw;kd jyD; oH;k pGrJ jI rifw h ufap&ef? ukeo f ,G f
rI ydak iGw;kd wufap&ef Edik if aH &;tqH;k tjzwfrsm; jyK&jcif;jzpfonf/
jynfyrSwifoiG ;f vQif usyo f ed ;f 20 cefUomusoifrh nfh omref
qvGef;um;wpD;udk usyfodef; 500 ay;0,f&atmifjyKvkyfxm;
jcif;onf GDP wufaprnfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Potential usyfodef;
480 qk;H ½I;H atmif Edik if aH &;tqH;k tjzwf jyKvkyx f m;&musayonf/
jynfy&if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS rI sm; pdwcf sr;f ompGm 0ifa&mufvmatmif
rl0g'rsm; csrw S q
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HS o
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(4) acwfrDEdkifiHwnfaqmufa&;\ t"dyÜm,f
Edik if w
H pfc\
k toufonf Rule of Law ac: Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;
jzpfonf[kqkdvQif acwfrDEkdifiHwpfck\ toufonf pkd;rdk;rnfh
Oya'rsm;ukdrQwí acwfrDatmif pD&ifay;jcif;jzpfonf[k qkdEkdif
ygonf/ acwfrDaomOya'? enf;Oya'? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;
wnfaqmufjcif;onf ,aeYEkdifiHwnfaqmufa&;\ t"dyÜm,f
State [ktrsm;ac:Muonfh EkdifiHawmfqkdonfrSm tpkd;&?
jynfoEl iS hf tcsKyftjcmtmPmykid ef ,ferd w d w f Ydk udk aygif;pkac:a0:
jcif;jzpfygonf/ tpkd;&qkdonfrSm EkdifiHawmfqkdaom,mOfBuD;ukd
yef;wkdifokdYa&mufatmif armif;ykdYay;&aom,mOfarmif;ESifh wlay
onf/ tpk;d &rsm;onf Ekid if o H m;wpfO;D csi;f pD yef;wdik af &mufatmif?
EkdifiHom;wpfOD;csif; tvkyfvkyfEkdifatmif ynma&;? usef;rma&;?
tvkyt f ukid t f cGit
hf vrf;? pD;yGm;a&;tcGit hf vrf;ESihf ukev f yk pf rG ;f
tm;pkrsm; axmufyHhay;NyD; EkdifiHom;wkdif; csrf;om<u,f0rIrS
wpfqifh EkdifiH\csrf;om<u,f0rIukd wnfaqmufay;&jcif;jzpf
onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifah jym&vQif txufygudp&ö yfrsm;ESiyhf wfouf
íOya'? enf;Oya'? vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;trsKd;rsKd; jy|mef;ay;&
jcif;jzpfonf/ Ekid if o H m;wkid ;f tvkyv f yk cf iG uhf dk tpk;d &rsm;u pD&if
ay;&jcif;onf Ekid if aH wmfrsm;\ wm0efjzpfonf/ xkt d vkyvf yk cf iG hf
ukd vlqkH;jzwfonfhpepfonf rQwjcif;r&SdEkdifí rlqkH;jzwfonfh
pepfukd usifhokH;&jcif;jzpfonf/ ynma&;? usef;rma&;? tvkyf
tukdiftcGifhtvrf;? pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufí
Oya'rsm;jy|mef;ay;&jcif;ukdrl qkH;jzwfonfhpepftjzpf em;vnf
vG,fatmif &Sif;jyjcif;jzpfonf/ acwfrDEkdifiH? acwfrD Institu-
tions rsm;wnfaqmufjcif;qko d nfrmS xdk Institutions rsm; acwfrD
atmif jyKjyifpD&ifay;&jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh acwfrD
onfrh rl sm;udt k ajccHí Oya'tjzpf jy|mef;ay;&jcif;oabmjzpfonf/
1988 rwkdifrDu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif usifhokH;onfh pD;yGm;a&;
pepfonf qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepfjzpfcJhaomaMumifh yk*¾vdu
u@\ wnf&SdcGifhonf w&m;r0ifacs/ jynfolvlxkBuD;wpf
&yfvkH;\ vkdtyfcsuftm;vkH;ukd EkdifiHawmfukd,fpm; tppt&m&m
tpk;d &u axmufyahH ompepfjzpfonf/ jynfov l xl ok nf end user
oufoufomjzpfNyD; tpkd;&u t&m&maxmufyHhonfhpepfonf
vlOD;a& ododomomrsm;jym;vmcsdefwGif vkdtyfcsufrsm; uGm[
jzpfay:oGm;NyD; arSmifckdaps;uGufwpfck ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
acwfrDEkdifiHwnfaqmufa&;ukd oabmraygufEkdifcJhaom
aMumifh rdr\ d [muGuu f dk uGuv f yfjznfah y;olrsm;tm; Ekid if aH wmf
u rvkdvm;aomudpötjzpf ½Ijrifaejcif;ukd tcsdefrDrjyifEkdifcJhí
State wpfcv k ;Hk vIycf wfomG ;&aom 1988 ta&;tcif;ukd BuKHawGUcJ&h
,cktcg yk*v ¾ u d u@BuD; w&m;0if wnf&cdS iG &hf v dS maom
aMumifh yk*v ¾ dupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;pGm w&m;0if wnf&SdaeMu
NyDjzpfygonf/ okdYwkdifatmif tqkdyg yk*¾vduvkyfief;tm;vkH;
vkdvkd\ vkyfenf;vkyf[eftm;vkH;onf Rule of law ac: Oya'
ESifhnDnGwfMuonfr[kwfyg/ yk*v ¾ duu@onf EkdifiHtoD;oD;
wGif a&pD;aMumif;jzpfonf/ xkda&pD;aMumif;twGuf vkdtyfaom
Oya'? enf;Oya'? vkyfxkH;vkyfenfrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm; ponhf
Institutions rsm;acwfrDatmif pD&ifray;EkdifvQif xkda&pD;aMumif;
onf pD;csifovkdpD;vdrfhrnf/ xkda&pD;aMumif;ukd 1988 rwkdifrD
umvuuJo h Ydk &yfwefYcidk ;f &efrmS vnf; obm0rusacs/ qkv d odk nf
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tESpo f m&jzpfayonf/ (pifumylEidk if rH S jynfoYal &;&mrl0g' wm0ef&o dS l
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wpfcu k &dk mS azGawGU&So d mG ;&mwGif tpk;d &u xkjd zwfvrf;ukd vrf;jzpf
atmif azmufay;vkdufonfqkdaom Oyrm jzpfonf/)
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acwfrD'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHrsm;udkMunfhvQif tao;tzGJ[k ,lqzG,f
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rsm;wGif trsKd;orD;yg0ifrI tcsKd;tpm; ponfhudpö&yfrsm;udkyg
pepfwus pD&ifMu&avh&Sdayonf (Civilization)/
acwfrDEkdifiHwnfaqmufa&;onf ,aeYEkdifiHwnfaqmuf
a&;\ tESpfom&jzpfNyD; xkd Rationalization of modern state
building ud k Stakeholders tm;vk H ; oabmayguf r S o mvQif
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tusKd;quftaeESifh pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI? trDScdkuif;aom
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tvJvyk Ef ikd o f nfxm; a&&Sn&f iS o f efcikd rf monfh 'Dru kd a&pDpepf
wnfwzhH YkdrvG,/f 1974 rS 1990 jynfEh pS t f wGi;f tpd;k & tajymif;
tvJjzpfco hJ nfh Edik if aH wmfawmfrsm;rsm;\ ysr;f rQ'rD u
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qdkif&m yg0gtaysmhrsm;} (Soft Power for State Building) \
NyD;jzpfygonf/ ]enf;ynmESifh uRrf;usifrI} (Technology and
Know how) ? ]vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf} (Human Resources) ?
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qdkif&m? bPfvkyfief;qdkif&m? tifpwDusL;&Sif;qdkif&m? owif;
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ESifh EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrItawGUtBuHKrsm;} (Experiences
about Economic and Political Reforms) ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
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tawGUtBuHKwGif tajccHMuonfomjzpfygonf/ ppfNyD;cgp *syef?
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onf/ tcktcH tpGt J vrf;EIe;f pHrsm;udk rausmfEikd &f mrS yuwdt&S d
ESiv hf wG Nf y;D tcGithf cgaumif;rsm; vufvw G q f ;kH ½H;I Edik o f nfh aoGznfrI
rsK;d jzpfygonf/ txl;ojzifh ]a&BuD;ovdk tjyefYus,í f ivsiv f yI f
ovdjk refaom om}} tajymif;tvJrsm; rsm;vSjrefvo S nfh tdik w f aD cwfBuD;
wiG f rnfonft h ikd 'f ,D m? rnfonft h ikd 'f t
D vkd *kd srD S axmufaxmufccH H
tm;rudk;EdkifawmhNyDjzpf&m ]EIef;pHtpGJ} rsm;udk wwfEdkifoavmu avmuff
cGmMunfhzdkYvdkrnf xifygonf/ ]cGmMunfhay;Muyg} [kvnf;
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;yav,mtm;vHk;odkY arwåm&yfcHvdkufygonf/
ausmf0if;
pmñTef; - (1) Twenty Five Years, Fifteen Findings
(Philippe Schimtter) (2) How Development Leads to
Democracy (Ronld Inglehert)(3) State Building
(Francis Fukuyama)
 Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 31
31

INTERVIEW
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
VOICE
The

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Trust Link Co. csufu ykdrsm;ygw,f/ uk, d thf rd rf mS uk, d x f m;wmu ykad umif; odef; 80 weftxd&Sdygw,f/
Voice : j y n f w G i f ; r S m Card w,fqkdNyD; ajymMuw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ausmfaZ,smxGef;? ausmfrsKd;xGef;
 32
VOICE
The

INTERVIEW
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Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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rif;vkypf rf;yg/ bmaMumifv h q
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wpfywfavmufMumawmh oli,fcsif;
wpfa,mufu Vacancy ay:wJhtcg
usawmh olYudkac:vdkufw,f/ tJ'D
oli,fcsif; 'DukrÜPDrSm tvkyf&oGm;
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b majymcsifwm&Sdao;vJ/ tckcsdef
txd 'Dvdk½kef;uefcJh&wmawG? vuf&Sd
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bmajymcsiyf gao;vJ/
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qd&k ifawmh ysm;ydwek ;f awGu 0wf&nf
awG & atmif o,f a qmif & ovd k ?
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k &hf UJ tJ'Dvdk&atmif BudK;pm;w,f/ BudK;
pm;zdkYtaMumif; ajymcsifygw,f/
tzJGU0ift,f'Dwm
 Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 33
33

TIPS
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
VOICE
The

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

SELF- HELP
TIPS VOICE
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35

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The Rules of Life
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Try to see the past as a room separate from the one you live in now. You can go in there but you don't live there anymore. You can go visit but it isn't home anymore. Home is here
now. Each second of this is precious. Don't waste any drop of precious time by spending too much time in that old room. Don't miss what is happening now because you were too busy
looking back, or later you'll be busy looking back at this time and wondering why you wasted it. Live here, live now, live in this moment.
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 36 THE VOICE WEEKLY Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011
36

HEALTH
VOICE
The
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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 Vol.7 / No.12 - February 28 - March 6 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 37
37

FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
VOICE
The

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
FOREIGN AFFAIRS The

VOICE
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 46
VOICE
The

SPORT Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

English Premier League Prediction Match (28) Soccer Weekly Fixtures

26.2.2011 (paeaeY) y&D;rD;,m;vd*f yGJpOf (28)
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n 9;30 em&D
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pdefYay:vDESifh [efEkdAm n 9;00 em&D
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'Pf&m&aeonf/ vlpHkyGJxGufvmrnfh abmfvfwefonf ta0;uGif; atmifjrifrIenf;yg;aomfvnf; vuf&SdajcpGrf;t& 27.2.2011 (we*FaEGaeY) y&D;rD;,m;vd*f yGJpOf (28)
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ta0;uGif;EdkifyGJenf;aom ref,lü OD;pm;ay;upm;orm;rsm; yGJxGufvmzG,f&Sdí tdrf&SiftaeESifh zGifh upm;rnfrxifay/ z&efYzwfESifh pwk*wf n 9;00 em&D TV
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'DydkYwDAdkESifh &D;&Jvfruf'&pf eHeuf 3;30 em&D TV
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wD;Edik af jcrsm;onf/ oGi;f *d;k enf;rnf/ 1.3.2011 (t*FgaeY) y&D;rD;,m;vd*f yGJpOf (28)
pwkwfpD;wD;ESifh 0ufpfb&Grf; (y- pwkwfpD;wD;ESifh 0ufpfb&Grf; eHeuf 2;30 em&D TV
tausmh0ufpfb&Grf; 0;3 pwkwf tDwvDpD;&D;at(27)
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qDADvmESifh *D*Ref eHeuf 3;30 em&D TV
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oGi;f aocsmrI tenf;i,fyakd umif;ae Zm&m*dkZmESifh bDvfbmtdk eHeuf 1;30 em&D
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52
VOICE
The

ACCIDENT
SUPPLEMENT Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011
SUPPLEMENT III
55
VOICE
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aomMum- aetdrfbk&m;pifukd oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfoGm;yg/
uef (pufwifbm 18 - atmufwkdbm 18) uefv*ftwGuf
rdef (rwfv 16 - {NyDv 14) rdefv*ftwGuf pmoifom;rsm;ukd pmtkyfvSLNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ (rwkdifrDjyKvkyf&ef)
pmoifom;&[ef;tm; pmtkyfvSLNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ wevF m aeY - bk&m;yef;tkd;vSLoGm;yg/
wevFm- pmtkyfvSLyg/ t*FgaeY- tm½kHaMumaq;? tukduftcJaysmufaq;vSLay;yg/
t*F g - bk&m;pifoefY&Sif;a&;vkyfyg/ qGrf;uyfyg/ Ak'¨[l; - rSwfwrf;pmtkyf okdYr[kwf tm;aq;vSLNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
Ak'¨[l;- bk&m;yef;uyfvSLNyD;rSoGm;yg/ Mumoyaw;- aomufa&oefYvSLNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
Mumoyaw;- bk&m;wGif vQyfppfrD;ylaZmfNyD;rSoGm;yg/ aomMum- qGrf;uyfoDv,lNyD;rS ajzqkdyg/
aomMum- aMu;pnfwD;NyD;rS a&m*gonfukd aiGvSLNyD;oGm;ajzyg/
wl (atmufwkdbm 18 - Ekd0ifbm 17) wlv*ftwGuf
rdó ({NyDv 14 - ar 15) rdóv*ftwGuf aeYpOfpma&;pm;yJGukd oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
bkef;BuD;? &[ef;pmoifom;rsm;twGuf aiGvSLNyD;rSoGm;yg/ (aeYpOfjyKvkyf&ef) wevF m aeY - tdrft0iftxGuf wHcg;aygufwGif rD;zGifhoGm;yg/
aeYtvkdufxyfrHjyKvkyf&efrsm; t*FgaeY- EkdYqGrf;uyfNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
wevFmaeY- a&vSLNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ Ak'¨[l; - wHcg;ukd zkefokwfNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
t*FgaeY- tm;aq;vSLNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ tdrfoma&aq;? oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfNyD;rSoGm;yg/ Mumoyaw;- wHcg;aygufwGif acgif;avmif;av; (toHjrnfaom) wyfoGm;yg/ (csdwfoGm;yg)
Ak'¨[l; - jywif;ayguf zkefokwfoGm;yg/ aomMum- tdrfoma&jznfhNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
Mumoyaw;- aetdrfrS bk&m;cef;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfoGm;yg/
aomMum- EkdYqGrf;uyfNyD; bk&m;rD;ylaZmfoGm;yg/ NAdpäm (Ekd0ifbm 17 - 'DZifbm 16) NAdpämv*ftwGuf
pmar;yJGrajzrD rdrdaetdrfwHcg;ysufrsm;jyKjyifjcif; okdYr[kwf wHcg;ukda&aq;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfay;yg/
Nydó (arv 16 - ZGef 15) Nydóv*ftwGuf wevFmaeY- bk&m;wGif oDv,lNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/
&[ef;pmoifwkdufrsm;wGif aiGya'omyifuyfvSLNyD;rS ajzqkdyg/ (rajzrDjyKvkyf&ef) t*FgaeY- rdcif okdYr[kwf rdcifbufrS aqGrsKd;wpfOD;tm; rIcif;*sme,fvufaqmifay;vkdufyg/
wevF m - aMu;pnfwD;NyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/ Ak ' ¨ [ l ; - pmoifom;&[ef;tm; aiGvSLNyD;rSoGm;yg/
t*F g - aetdrfrS bk&m;wGif acwfrDrD;qkdif;av;rsm; ylaZmfNyD; rdrdtdyfcef;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfNyD;rS Mumoyaw;- qGrf;uyfNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/
oGm;ajzyg/ aomMum- bk&m;pifoefY&Sif;a&;jyKvkyfNyD; aMu;pnfwD;oGm;yg/
Ak'¨[l;- pmoifaeaom ukd,fawmfwpfyg;tm; pmtkyfzkd;0w¬KaiGuyfvSLNyD;rSoGm;yg/
Mumoyaw;- tdrfomaq;NyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ "Ek ('DZifbm 16 - Zefe0g&D 14) "Ekv*ftwGuf
aomMum- bk&m;cef;&Sd jywif;aygufzGifhNyD;rS oGm;ajzyg/ bk&m;tm; aomufawmfa&uyfjcif;? a&oyÜm,fjcif;rsm;ukd pmar;yJGrwkdifrD jyKvkyfyg/
wevF m aeY - tdrfrS tdrfomukd a&jznfhNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/
arxkef (ZGef 16 - Zlvkdif 17) arxkefv*FtwGuf t*FgaeY- pmMunfhpm;yJGoefY&Sif;a&;jyKvkyfNyD; pmukd toHxGufatmif zwfNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/
pmoifwkdufrS uk#Drsm; oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfNyD;rS ajzqkdyg/ (pmar;yJGrwkdifrD jyKvkyf&ef) Ak ' ¨ [ l ; - aetdrfbk&m;wGif bk&m;rD;ylaZmfoGm;yg/
wevF m - y|mef; 24 ypönf;&Gwfjcif;? qGrf;uyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfNyD;rS oGm;yg/ Mumoyaw;- bk&m;aomufawmfa&uyfvSLNyD;rSoGm;yg/
t*F g - rdrdaetdrfwHcg;wGif aiGpuúLuyfNyD;rSoGm;ajzyg/ aomMum- wHcg;wGif aiGpuúLwpf&GufuyfoGm;yg/
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IV
VOICE
The

ENVIRONMENT Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

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 Monday, February 28 - March 6 , 2011

REAL ESTATE
BUSINESS The

VOICE
a
57

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SPECIAL REPORT
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