«Από την Ένωση στην Κατοχή»

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© <bavouAa~ Apvupou

ISBN 9963-7698-1-0

EKOOTLKJ'j napaywyJ'j: Dorographics Ltd, TTlA. 445116, Aeukoiolo EKTUnWOTl: 2uvepyaTLKO Turtovpooeto TTlA. 482361, Aeuxoioto

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npOAOYO~ .

Aq>LtpwOTl ..

EUxaplOTie~ ..

«Kccrsrouuev Mtpa - NUXTa» ..

ElOayWyJi .

Ano TTJV Evtoon OTTJV KaToxJi - .

BpeTavlKt~ 8toel~ .

Tpiuepnc - npOTCtOel~ Harding .

KwvOTavTIVOunoATJ 6 ~enTe~lJ3piou 1955 ..

H J3peTavlKJi navoupyia TTJ~ iSmAJi~ aUToiSlOiKTJOTJ~ ..

H f11nAJi Evoion .

H nOAelllKJi evovrtov TTJ~ EAATJVlKOTTJTa~ .

01 npoo<puye~ TTJ~ EAACtiSa~ OTTJV Eupwna'iKJi Ertrrportn

Av8pwnivwv f11KalWIlCtTwV ..

Ilw~ tJ3Aenav TTJV AUToKt<paATJ EKKATJoia TTJ~ Kurtpou .

Ta J3peTaVlKCt ouueepovrc ..

H «rrcotooen TTJ~ nOAlTlOTlKJi~ Ila~ KATJPOVOlllCt~ .

AKEA .

H ~UV8JiKTJ EyyuJioew~ Kal 01 J3peTavlKt~ J3CtOel~ .

'EnOlKOl .

«AiSoUAWTTJ Kepuvela» .

01 MUOTlKt~ Yrmpeolec TTJ~ Bpsrcvtcc, TJ EOKA,

01 crtovxovrouol 1955-59 Kal «Kurtptot rtpnxropsc» .

EniAoyo~ .

H 'EVWOTJ TO 1964, TJ ~uVOlloonoviSia TO 1987 Kal to M.O.E. 1994 .

Btovpnqnxo .

KPlTlKJi vto TO noonvouuevo J31J3Aio ..

napanollnt~ .

Ilposovoc tnc A.M. TOU ApXl£nLoKonou K.K. Xpuoootouou

Me nnrptxn ucovortotuon npoJ\oyi~ou!Je rnv tKooOll KQl TOU veou ~lBJ\[ou TIl~ K. ocvouJ\a~ Apyupou "Ana THN ENOIH ITHN KATOXH». Anon:J\d Kat rouro utn xpl']m!Jn oUIJBoJ\!l OTnV op8l'] nJ\llPotp0PllOll OXl uovo TOU ElOlKOU epeuvnrn, aAAo Kal TOU Ko8e svotcoecouevou rroxlrn, yupw ana rnv nopelo Kat rtc OlOqlope<; nTuxt<; ana nc ortolsc rtcpcoe TO e8VLKO unc np6~J\1l!Ja. Meoa an6 rtc OEJ\[oee; TOU tpepvel OTO qxcc aYVWOTa OTOUe; noJ\AOUe; vevovo r c tnc ~pE1avlKfte; nOAlTlKrie;. n ortoto ava!JCP[~oAa unf)p~e OUOTUXWe;, ovvouuiv svcvn TaU E8vou<; Kat rnc npocqiopcc TaU EJ\AnVlOI10U OTOUe; OUO noJ\e!10U~, 0J\J\0: ~el3alwe; KQl aOIKll svcvn Tile: v1l00U !Ja~ Kat TaU e8vlKOU !lae; npo 13J\ ti !Ja1O~.

Kal TO veo BpETQVlKa eyypacpa, nou on!J00l0noll']8IlKaV rtpocqxrrc Kal nou onuooteuovrm OTO avo xe1pac; vto T0010 BlBALO TI1<; K. <bavouAac; Apvupou, an6 rn uto usoio ucprupouv Til IllKp6tjJUXll OLnAWjlaTlKt'] OTaOIl TWV Bosrrcvcov - rtooccvoc eyw·lOTlK6 KQTOJ\OLnO TaU Tpw8tvmc; an6 TOV aneJ\euBepWTlK6 ucc oywva 1955-59 evoncrucou TOUe; CPPOVIl!1aTOC; KQl Tile; !lEyaJ\o"lOtae; TOUe;- OTllV Auroxcorootc Tnc; AUTne;- MeyaJ\ei6TIlTOe; - Kat an6 TnV OAAll nooxoxouv l3avauoa TO at08n!JOTa ovortnc KoBe KoJ\6moTou cvcvvtcorn TOUe; rtpoc TnV EAeu8eplo, Til OlKOlOOUVn, IIlV eipnvn, Til olllloKpgTla. Me anJ\ouc; A6youC;, ortodatxvuercn vto ilIa OK6!l'1 oopo 6Tl Ol lJeYOAOl Kat lOXUpO[ TaU K60flOU otnuopqxovouv rnv nOAlTlKl'] TOUe; ovcxovo fle ro otKa. rouc;, npWTlOTO, oU!JtptPOVTO. Av aUTO OEV e~unllpeToUVTal, T6TE ro IJEyoAa loaVIKO TllC;

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ei\eu8epiac;, TIlC; olllloKpaTiac;, TWV av8pwnlvwv OLKaLWIlOTWV K.i\.n. TiSeVTaL os oEuTepll uotpo, Kl aUTO TO doallE Kat TO ~r']oaIlE neptrpcvo T600 OTIlV neplnuccn rou KOU~t'(T, 600 KOl rnv neotrrroon onuepo Tile; nOUYKooi\a~lae;.

To ouurtcpcopn elvo. ocoee: Na unv rperpouue ourortcrec 6n 80 tASOUV OL ~EVOL va Ilac; anai\i\o~ouv an6 rnv napouoiav TWV OTpaTeUIlOTWv elo~oi\r'je; KaL TWV ertolxov KOL va ucc OtoocpoAioouv rn oormoto Kat TIlV Ei\eu8eplo j1ac;, av ellele; ucvouue ue OTaupWj1EVa xtpla Kat ovcuevouue. H ovoxrnon TWV naTpOYOVLKWV ucc soruov Kat Il olampoi\loll TIlC; Ei\eu8£plae; IlOC; e[VQL npWTLOTa aLK6 IlOC; XpEOe;, xptoc; npoc TOUe; «aYEVVIlTOUC; Kat TOUe; VEKPOUC:", rt' aUTO Oi\Ol 1l0C; Kat LOLolTepa Il Hveoto Ilac; - Kat OTIlV Ei\i\ooa KaL OTIlV Kunpo - Koi\ouIlOOT£ va noovoouportoouue rrcvo: OE £9VLKTlun£pKOIlIlOTLKn ~OOIl TIlV nopelo TaU aywva uoc, xapo~ovTOC: ~poxunpo8£0110uc; Kat ucxoonpoaeououc OTOXOUC;, WOTE usee orto TO Ollj1£ptVO aOLe~ooa vo ~poUIl£ TO OWOTlKO OLt~ooO noll xpEla~0j100TE.

Ai\i\o Kat 0 i\aoe; Kai\elTOl VO nepuppoupnoei TIlV £V6TTlTO KQL VO Kai\i\lepyr'joei TT]V Ko80i\lKr'} OUOTPOTWOIl, nou EXOUIl£ OVOYKIl onooolrrrrc OTOV ovtovo uoc; KOTW an' OUTte; rtc npourroaeoe.c apyo Tl vpnvopo 8a !lac: O~lWOEL 0 eeOC; vo yeu90U!lE Til Xopo TIlC: OlKO(WOIlC;. APKEL - KQL TO TOV[~OU!le - E!l£ie; Ol [OlOI va TO rncreuouue !ltXPl Tti\OUC; Kat va WIV urtocrslxouue TIl 011110[0 TOU cvcovo IlEXPl HjV ovio ueoo TIlC; on£Aeu8tpwonc; Tile: KOTEXOl1eVIlC; onueoc Ylle; 1l0C;.

l:uyxolpOUw.: rnv K. oovouxo Apyupou KQl vro TO vto Tile: aUTO ~I~AIO, TO ortolo noenet va avoyvwoEl Ko8e: 'EMIlvae: Kunpioc Kat KaT' E~OXnV EK£lvOL nou txouv TllV eu8uVil rnc XOPO~lle: rnc nopstoc TOU AOou ucc rtpcc TIlV ei\eu8Epla.

EuXtTlle: npoc Kuplov

IEPO ApXlEmOKonr'j Kunpou 28 Noell~piou 1994

4

np6i\oyo~ TOU cpli\6i\oyou - IOTOPIKOU ntTpOU naITaIToi\u{3iou

Me l1eYOAIl xopo KOl npOOOXtl 5l0~000 TO xelpoypo<po TOU veou ~l~Aiou TIl~ <1>0- VOUAO~ Apvupou «Ana rnv EVWOIl ornv KOTOXtl». TIlV ouyypo<pto rroerrovveoroo aTO l\ov5ivo OTO AVOYVWOTtlPlO TWV BpeTOVlKWV 6rl1100lWV APXeiwv (PRO), rnv OUVOVTOOOO OTl~ OVTlKOTOXlKt~ 5l05llAwOel~ t~w ana rnv TOUPKlKtl npeo~eio OTIl BpeTOVlKtl nporreuouoc oe XPOVlO nsrpivc, KOl rnv nopoKoAOuBw ana TOTe (1987) vo 51l1100l0ypo<pei us rtceoc oe e<plll1epi5e~ TIl~ Kurtpou KOl TIl~ nOpOlKio~ TOU Aovolvou YlO rnv eBVlKtl110~ urtosecn. EKTO~ ana TO 51l1100l0YPO<plKO TIl~ tpyo - rtou txel eVOXAtl0el l5l0iTepo TO nOAlTlKO xcteornuevo TIl~ KunploKtl~ nOpOlKio~ TOU l\ov5ivou - 11 <1>. ApyupoO txel el5lKeuBei OTIl l1eAtTIl TWV ~peTovlKwV 611110- OlWV Apxeiwv nou ceopouv Til oUYXPovllloTopio TIl~ Kunpou, TO onolc TO yvwpi~el KOl TO txel epeuvnoei 000 AlYOl EAAllve~ speuvnrsc KOl lOTOPlKOi. Kopno~ OUTtl~ TIl~ noxuerouc epeuvcc OTO KPOTlKO ~peTOVlKO opxeio - eKTo~ ana rnv nopouoc tK5001l - elver KOl TO OAAO 5uo ~l~Alo TIl~ ouyypo<ptw~: «H Kurtpoc OTO otpupt» (l\ov5ivo 1991) nou typol(Je ue TOV Av5pto 1l0noKwvoTOVTivou KOl TO "ETOl xcreoroeqrov TIlV Kunpo» (l\euKwoio 1992).

LTo KOlVOUPYLO TIl~ ~l~Aio 11 <1>. Apvupou XPlloll1onolei ornoc KOl OTO 500 nponvouI1EVO oe OPlOTO ~oB110 rtc ~peTovlKt~ nllyt~ KOl rtc nAIlPo<popie~ rtou nllYo~ouv ana TO ortooeoueuaevrc tyypo<po TWV ~peTovlKwV urtnpeoucv TCJ,)V rsxeurotev 5excsncov, H ouvvpoeeoc nopouOlo~el rnv nopeto TOU KunplOKOO evornxou KlVtl110- TO~ KOl unoypol1l1i~el nc ovceopec 5l0<pOPWV BpeTOvwv nOAlTlKWV KOl 5mAW110- TWV oe 51l1100le~ el1<povioel~ TOU~ tl os unllpeOlOKO TOU~ tyypo<po ornv oVOYVWPlOIl TIl~ EVWOIl~ TIl~ Kurtpou ue rnv EAA050 w~ TIl~ uovnc 5iKOlO~ AUOIl~ rtou ertperte vo enl~AIlBei OTO vnot 110~. MeyoAuTepll KOl ruo xelpOmOOTtl ovcvveoion TOU eVWTlKOU noaou TWV EAAtlVWV TIl~ Kurtpou onec elver YVWOTO KOl oruoc ovo<ptpel KOl 11 ouyypo<pto~ tlTOV 11 rtpootpopc TIl~ KOnpou ornv EAA050 TO 1915 orro Til Bpercvtc rtou OI1W~, TeAeiw~ ovonOVTexo onoppi<pBIlKe ana Til vepucvoqnAll Ku~tpvllOIl Zofl1ll. To TtAO~ TOU nperou rtovxooutou nOAtl10U KOl Ol uerenerro e~eAi~el~ evioxuoov Til OTPOTIlYlKtl seon TIl~ KOnpou (<<OXPIlOTIl~ KOl em~Til1lo~· ~TtlOIl~ I1EXPl TOTe YlO rnv ~peTovlKtl AUTOKPOTOpio») rtpoc l1eyoAIl KOKOTUXio TOU EAAIlVl0l100 TIl~ Kurtpou nou ue o<ptAelo KOl eumorto oveueve rnv erttxuon TOU enTtlI10TO~ TIl~ EVWOIl~ w~ I1l0~ OnAtl~ TumKtl~ 5l05lKooio~ e<popl1oYtl~ ~OOlKWV 0PXWV 5lKOiou KOl IlBlKtl~. AVTiBeTo Ol Bperovot t5el~ov TOU~ npcvurmxouc TOU~ OTOXOU~ uero rnv OKTW~PlOVtl e~tyepoll TOU 1931 KOl rnv e<poPl1oytl I1lo~ OTUYVO anoAuTOpXlKtl~ 5loKu~tpvIl01l~ TIl~ "nOAl1epOKpOTio~» nou xoroovnoe KoBe ixvo~

5

eAeu8eplWV TOU KUnplaKOU AaOU Kal nooonaanoe va eAAey~el «n va xelpaywyr']oel TI1V KunplaKr'] EKnai6euol1 Kal TI1V e8vapxeuouoa EKKAl1oia. 'ETOl anOKTOUV l5laiTePI1 onucoto to eyypa<pa nou 5111-.l00leUOVTal OTO ~l~Aio TI1e: <1>. Apvupou vtc OPlousvec oxorsivec npOOWmKOTI1Tee: - oorepec TOU naAl.LeplKOU Ka8eOTWToe: Kat TI1 5po0l1 TOUe:. E~ioou ol1l.LaVTlKr'] elver «n 11 ostoo TWV eyypo<pwv nou 5111.L00leUeTat vto npWTI1 <popo «n a<popo euuiosouc Kat 0l.Ll080ue: rtpoxropec TWV Boeruvtov OTI1V Kurtpo rtou orpcroxovnanxcv OTa XPOVla TOU 5eUTepou naYKo0l.LiOU rroxeI.L0U Kal rtpootpepov a<pel5we: nxnpoooplec OTOUe: KaTaKTI1Tee: vro nc rtoxrrucec 5paOTI1PlOTI1Tee: OTO vI10i Kal XPI1OlI.L0nOlOUVTav Kal vro TI1V KUKAo<popia «ljJl8upwv» OTOV cvponxo, Kupiwe:, nAl18uol.L0. Me to eyypa<pa aUTO we: ~OOI1 urtopouue va eKTlI.Lr']OOUl.Le TO uevesoc TI1e: 5l0~PW0I1e: TI1e: KunplaKr']e: KOlvwviae: ana TOUe: npoxropec TWV ~peTavlKwv (Kal opvorsoo al.LeplKavlKwv) I.LUOTlKWV urmoeouov TOOO OTa XPOVla TOU cnexeuseocrnxou ovrovc 000 Kat uercvevsorsoc l.LeXPl «n nc nueoec l.Lae: ...

15laiTepfi ~apUTI1Ta 5ivel 11 ouyypa<peae: OTO 8eI.La TI1e: «6laOKemlKr']e:» nou errorsAeoe TI1 1.L0VI1 Kat ~apuy50unl1 «napaxwPl1ol1» TI1e: sperovtcc l.LeTO TO 5eUTepo noYKOOl.LlO nOAel.LO ortou l1yr']8l1Ke TWV xwPWV rtou noxsuouocv KaTO TOU <paOl0I.LOU ... (H OKatO ouurtepupopc TWV Bpercvtov a~lWl.LaTOUxwv ortevcvn OTO EI.LI.L. Toouoepo vro TOUe: «opcuonououc- rtou TOAI.L110e va eK<pwvr']oel OTO Aovctvo TO 1941 vro TI1V evowl.L0TW0I1 TI1e: Kurtpou OTI1V EAAo5a l.LeTO TOV nOAeI.LO, elver xapaKTl1plOTlKr'] TI1e: ~peTavlKr']e: nOAlTlKr']e: onevcvn OTI1 oUl.Ll.Laxo TOUe: EAAo5a). Ot Bpercvot ortocetxvuerrn on 5ev eixav (Kal 5ev r']8eAav rlrtors va napaxwpr']oouv Kat e~aKOAou80uoav va OTl1pi~oVTal OTI1 l.LeloljJl1<Pia TWV TOUPKWV TI1e: Kurtpou we: aVTi~apo Kat I.L0XAO aVTioTaOI1e: npoc TO eVWTlKO otrnuo TWV EAAr']VWV. H i5pU0l1 TOU AKEA TO 1941 Kal 11 5l00na0l1 TOU nOAlTlKOU K00I.LOU l.LeTO TI1 OU~ll.LeToxr'] TOU xurtprcxou KOI.LI.L0UVlOTlKOU «ouucroc one epvcolec TI1e: «6laoKemlKr']e:» e5lve eva OAAO nxeovexrnuo OTI1 ~peTavlKr'] nAeupo rtou nrov eTOl1.L11 va ouvepvcoret ue TOV KaTo rtspinTWOI1 «5l0~OAO» WOTe va e~U"l1peTOUVTat ro oUI.L<pepOVTO TI1e:. To rsxeuroto <povl1Ke os rno 5pal.LaTlKr'] 1.L0p<pr'] l.LeTO TI1V evap~11 TOU ovevc TI1e: EOKA Kal TI1V onpoouevn vto TI1V eAAl1vlKr'] nAeupo (rtou coxouos «poucvnxn nOALTlKr']») ouunopeucn Bpercvlcc-Toupxlcc rtou eK511Aw811Ke apXlKo OTI1V Tpuiepn TOU Aovolvou aAAo, omoc <paiveTal OTa eyypa<pa rtou 5111.L00leuovTat e5w, Kat OTa yeYOVOTa TOU Lemel.L~piou TOU 1955 OTI1V KWVOTaVTlVOUnOAI1.

LTOV 'EAAI1Va Kurtpro cvovvecm 11 l.LeAeTI1 TWV Ke<paAaiwv TOU rtcpovroc ~l~Aiou rtou ovooepovrcr OTI1V ovrureromon TOU ovovo TI1e: EOKA ana TI1 ~peTavlKr'] 5lnAwl.LaTia oiyoupa 8a npOKaAeOel 8AlljJI1 Kat opvn, (El5lKO TO Ke<pOAatO vto TOUe: anaYXOVl0I.LOUe: TWV Kunpiwv ovevrcrev uoc 8UI.LlOe TOUe: opvrouevouc oTixoue:

TOU nomrn rAauKou AAl8epol1: ITO aonpo xapTi nou ypacpw, TI va ypalllw; - AioxoC; OTflV AyyAIKIl AUToKpaTopia!) Arto TI1V uro 0 ovtovo TI1e: EOKA rtou 5ev nrov rlrtors OAAO napa 11 rsxeurcto KiVI1011 crtsxrnotcc evoc xcou rtou «rroucouoe OTO l.Le-

6

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yaAun:po eAAI1VLKO vnot KaL ~I1Touae TI1V evwar'] TOU ue TI1V EAAOiSa. Arto TI1V OAAI1 «TO xeLpoupye[o TWV e8vwv KaL TWV AaWV», «11 unrspo TI1~ auyxpOVI1~ iSLnAwllaT[a~», 11 ~peTaVLKr'] e~WTepLKr'] nOALTLKr'] KaL OL nOAUWVUIlOl eKq>paOTe~ TI1~, iSlnAWIlOTe~, OTpaTlWTlKO[, uro aTeAelWTI1 oeipo IlUOTlKWV urtnpeouov, ooeot ~OAOIlWVTe~ nou TeIlOXl~aV rtpoeuuo srtl XOPTOU Opl~OVT[W~ Kal Ka8eTW~ TO runo aWlla TI1~ naTp[iSa~ uoc Kal aKAI1PO[ iSr']lll0l nou oiSl1youaav aTI1V aYXOVI1 elKOaOXPOva naliSlO. napOAAI1Aa 'EAAI1Ve~ lleYaAOemxelpl1llaT[e~ - nAl1pOq>OplOiSoTe~ TWV Bpernvwv ertetvovrov va KAe[aouv TO KunplaK6 Kal «ouverol» nOAlTlKO[ OiSl1YOUVTav euTuxe[~ OTI1 Zup[XI1 vto va xuoouv uro eVOXAI1TlKr'] eKKpellOTI1Ta OTl~ axeael~ TOU~ ue TOU~ uevoxoncoorctec TOU «.6UTlKOU Koouou», Me oAe~ curse nc rtpourtoeeoeic oiSl1yr']8l1Ke 0 ovtovoc TOU eAAI1VlKOU xcou TI1~ Kurtpou vic aUToiSl08eal1 - evtoon ornv AVe~apTl1a[a TOU 1960 Kal ortoic ooorc emonuclvei 11 ouvvocescc, 11 TOUPKlKr'] ela~oAr'] nrov 11 npoiSlaypallllevl1 enouevn npo~11 TOU xurtprcxou iSpolla,.. TO~. 'Ornoe Tov[~el 11 4>. Apvupou, 11 npaYllaTlKr'] TeAeuTa[a«xallevl1 eUKOlp[a», vic TI1V eAAI1VlKr'] nAeupo nrov 11 1111 urtovpcon TWV ouuqxovuov Tl1~ Zup[XI1~.

~r']llepa, 20 XPovla usro TI1V ela~oAr'] TOU 1974 11 lleAeTI1 TI1~ veorepncloroptcc TI1~ naTp[iSa~ Ila~ Kal TOU KunplaKou eVWTlKOU Klvr']llaTO~ em~oAAeTal 0Xl vto uoipOAaTplKe~ aUYKp[ael~ «n lleAayxoAlKe~ aKelJjel~ «vic TO ruoc KaTaq>epalle Kal ercocue aTO Ill1iSev», aAAo vto TI1V curovvrootc, TI1V aUTOKpLTLKr'], TI1V emonuovon TWV Aa8wv, TWV urtonuncetov Kal TWV napaAe[lJjewv. Movo eroi urtopet va xapax8e[ Illa nOALTLKr'] nou 8a q>epel TI1V aneAeu8epwal1 aTO rono uoc «n 8a Ila~ oiSl1- yr']ael Kepuveuorsc Kal Kcprrcotrec Kal iSev 8a cvcvvtoploet TI1V aAAayT'] TI1~ rouroTI1Ta~ Ila~ oe Nonoxurtplouc. To ~l~AiO TI1~ 4>avouAa~ Apvupou, Illa~ auyypaq>ew~ nou 11 oucoveveic TI1~ yvwplae ueoo aTOV ouovo Ila~ rpetc q>ope~ rn ~ap~apOTI1Ta TOU TOUPKlKOU ertexronouou, elver e~alpeTlKo XPr']mIlO rtpoc cum TI1V KaTeu8uval1 «n eAn[~oulle va lleAeTl18e[ Kal ana curouc nou xapoaaouv Kal KOVOUV npo~11 TI1V nOALTLKr'] TI1~ xwpa~ Ila~.

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ntTpoC; llananoAu6iou <l>IA6AoyoC; • laToplKoC;

geaaaAOV[KI1, .6eKell~plo~ 1994

7

np6AOYO~ «AOOUAWTT]~ KepUVelQ~»

To ~1~Aio «Arto TTlV 'EvwaTl TTlV KaToxT')>>, nou aU~nATlPWVel TO rtponvouuevo ue TiTAO «'ETOt xcteorpeuicv TTlV Kunpo», ue rreprexouevo «n ovceopc oro AnoPPTlro 'Eyypaq>a TOU Bperrovixou Yrtoupvetou E~wTeplKwv, cnorexet onucvnxorepn rtpootpopo OlOV Kurroioxo "ao Kal aTOV aywva TOU vro "euTeplo Kal Artoxorccroon TWV Av8pwnivwv ~IKOlW~OTWV TOU,

H anoKoAulJjTl TTl~ AYYAOTOUPKlKT')~ cuvouootoc vto TTlV 51XOTO~TlaTl TTl~ Kurtpou KaTo rporto nou va e~aaq>aAi~ovTOl rooo ro TOUPKlKO ertexrcnxo axe51a, ooo Kal ro Bperrcvuca orpcmvuco ouueepovro. vlvercn aKpl~w~ TTlV 5w5eKOTTlV wpa, TTlV wpa nou Tl rsxeuroto q>oaTl TTl~ AYYAOTOUPKlKT')~ ouveuootcc unolvet oe eq>ap~oyT'). Ma~ npoaq>epel TTlV euxorplc, uro Kal yvwpi~ou~e nope ro rexrcnvouevo, va enava~loAoyT')aou~e nc 8eael~ uoc, va errcvcrorroaernoouue TO KunplaKo ornv ooctn TOU ~oaTl w~ ~le8vou~ npo~AtI~aTo~ ela~oAT')~, KaToxT')~ «n xcrortcmonc OAWV TWV Av8pwnivwv ~IKalw~OTwV Kal eroi va crtoeuvouue TO uotpnlo.

Tcurojpovo ueoo ana TO ~1~Aio, ueoc ana to i51a ro BpeTTaVlKO 'Eyypaq>a, anoKaAunTeTal OTl 01 Bperrcvot e~aai~OVTO nOVTOTe os Konorouc, 'EAATlVe~ KOl ToupKOU~, vro va 51a5i50uv rtc 8eael~ TOU~ «n va npoesouv ro KaTax80vla axe51a TOU~ oe ~opo~ TOU Kurtprcxou Acou. Lu~nepaa~aTlKO, TO ~aaaVlOllKo epernpc nou onuepc anaaxoAei OAOU~ ~a~ elver, av Kal rope oxouc, ro npcvucro npow- 80uVTal ue TOV i510 rporto.

Luyxaipou~e Kal eKq>po~ou~e TTlV eKTi~TlgTl ~a~ aTTlV «o eovouxo Apvupou, Epeuvnrpio ~fI~OOtOYPoq>o, vro TTlV cxoupcorn ncooncserc TTl~ va ~eaKenoael Kal va anoKaAulJjel TTlV ~eVTl cuveuooto oe ~opo~ TOU Acou xm TTl~ naTpi5a~ uoc.

H rtpootpopo TTl~ ortorsxet ocvtoo aWTTlpia~ Kal etvoi aVeKTi~TlTTl,

Me exnunon na TO Lw~aTeio

M Aousourmc I1poe5po~

I. LleKepaa~~a~ rpa~~aTea~

H~ep,: 28.11.1994

8

AcplepWOT]

«(9tJ..el va (fJoel eJ..eu8epoe; ... oxottaote rov» N. Ka(avr(aKTJe;

To f31f3Mo auto aipieocavetcu oe oJ..a ra tuuoia tnc Kunpou ttou towoav rTJ (wfJ roue; OTOV AneJ..eu8epwrlKo Avwva tnc EOKA 55~59. Me niotri tau cupooioxm ora avetxaruva loavlKa Via pia eJ..eu8ePTJ Ilatplta - tau Via tnv usottotnon rou ttpoauoviou ttoeou rwv EJ..J..fJvwv inc Kuttpou: Fia tnv 'EvWOTJ tnt; Kunpou ue tnv EJ..J..aoa.

9

EuxaplaTie~

eeppt~ euyaotatiec eKCPPO(W otov MaKaplOrarO ApXlerrioKOrrO Kuttoou K.K. XpUoootouo, 0 onoioc {3aelO rrpo{3AT7paTlOptvo~ «cu eUaIOeT7rOrrOIT7ptvO~ Yla tnv tK{3aoT7 rou eeVIKOU uac rrpo{3Ar7parO~ otXeT7Ke va XPT7parooorr70el tnv extimoxm rou {31{3Mou autou. Mia eUyeVIKr7 yeiaovouia extiunonc.

/olairepe~ eUxaplorie~ orov MaKaploraro eKCPPO(W Yla rnv eAeueepia AOYOU Kal oKtl/JT7~, rrou olarr7PT7oa OTT7v ouyypacpr7 rou {31{3Mou.

napOAAT7Aa, eKCPPO(W «cu tic eUxaplorie~ pOU otouc tpeu; avepwrrou~ oro I\ovoivo, ttou ttotv rroAAo XPOVLQ, ntav 01 notatoi rrou ttioteuiav oro orono rT7~ eoeuVO~ uou, nu oixw~ OeOPeUOel~ uoo ttpooeeoav to OUp{30AIKO nooo rwv £400 (AyyMa~) Yla va apxiow nc eoeuvec uou oro {3peravlKo LlT7POOIO ApXeio.

O: ouuttatouatec uac ovouaanxdx; eivoi:

1) K. Avopta~ AoolwrT7~ £200.

2) K. Avopta~ naooupr7~ (rrpwT7v rrpOeOpO~ Kal vuv enitiuoc nooesoo; rou ttaoaottiuatoc LlHIY oro I\ovoivo) £100.

3) K. M. TaKouolT7~ (LlHIY AyyMa~) £100.

(TI~ eoeuvec uou ouveyioa ~OOeUovra~ OIKt~ uou OIKOVopie~).

Euxaplorie~ eKCPPO(W nu otov avannto cpiAO K. Irrupo Ilanavetooviou, ApXlouvroKrT7 rT7~ ecpT7Pepioa~ «Eotia. rwv AeT7VWv «cu ouvvpaeea yLQ rroAAo XPovla ttoo» tooesitxov opepwv rT7~ ecpT7Pepioa~ «IT7PepIVr7» rT7~ Kunoou. Tov euyaourtta Yla tnv navtote eYKOpOIO rou avtanoxoum oe anooiec pOU r7 OIOcpOPe~ «atatotuonKt~ OleUKpIViOel~. AAAO nu Yla tic avexttuntec OUp{30UAt~ «cu eUXt~ IOU.

Me tnv iOla extiunot; eKCPPO(W tic euyaourtie«; uou «cu otov avannto K. Io{3{3a laKw{3ioT7 ApXlouvrOKrT7 rT7~ «IT7PePIVr7~» Yla pia e~lOAOYT7 «cu rroAuXPoVT7 ouveovaoia. Htav 0 ruxatoc aveotonoc, rrou eixa vvtooiae: otnv eCPT7Pepioa «IT7pepIVr7» «cu evas; avepomo; 0 ottoioc uou tpaee rroAAo.

oovouxo Apvupou

10

KAPTEPOYMEN MEPAN NYXTAN

XaplOl1eVOV etc TOV Florprcrrnv Llrll1apxOV Tile; I\euKwoiae; reWPYlOV A. MapKi61lv, Mc'.tpTIle; 1928,

an6 TOV Lllll1TiTPIl Amepm

-Kaoreoouuev ueoav vuxrav va ipuono' evac aepac

Lrouv TOV rorrov rreiv «auevoc r(l' tB eoooe! rrorrs soooiav, Ita va cpt~TJ «aoteoouuev TO CPWC; r(leivTJC; rTJC; ueoac

nwv va cptPTJ OTOV xossvov r(lai xapov r(lai rroorrcorcv.

TTJv MavouAAav uac yLQ ttavta iutotoi /llOAOl «aotepouuev

Ita va uac 0cplxraYKaAAIOOTJ r(lai va vexpavootneoouev.

H (wf] uac sv Yla tiieivt; taa! (wf] uac tiietvr; evt

T(lai ttox; tptauev oixa r(leivTJC; r(l' eiuaotev Baotaepoi

Ev YLQri ue r' ovouav rTJC; eiuaotev ttooxosiouevoi

nwv TO /3KOAAOUV ttou rov vou uac unte XpOVLQ, ue tiscuooi =unvTJroi r(lai tiioiunouevo! sv Yla r(leivTJv TJ «aona uac Ilou OlrTAocpaKKo Yla vaptti r(lfJi va ueivn 00 «ovta uac.

Ta saunpa uac OUAAOV r(l' OCPTOUV r(t' Ol «auoi uac sv oiouoiv, Ev oiunooonouav oouotoovac rwv ttiuuuanov rou yuaAou

Ettn ot Aac; sv ttou naeeaivvouv ovtac Eevo: r(LU/3epvouOlv· 'EXouv ueoa touc oouotoovav r(l' av touc eyouv ttpoc KaAou T(l' ooov toutoi r(l' av «oasnoovtai ttou tnv Movav XWpla/ltvOl, H avant; touc ttepttou vivetat opaKOVre/ltvTJ.

nKOlOC; avtexoipev notre rou rov aeoav Yla ro tiusuuav

T(l' txauev ro Yla v' aAAO~TJ CPUOlKOV r(LQi va otaim; ounooota otov nAOarTJV OUAAOl sv eiuaateiv napa otouuav, Ev a/3oAerov 0 vO/lOC; 0 OlKOC; rou va xaBf]

T(lai Yla tootov iutoiot uiaso: Yla tnv Movav AaxrapouOlv Ev TJ ytvva, sv ro YOAav, sv ra xvwra ttou roasocatv.

11

Ano THN ENnIH ITHN KATOXH

Eivra yaAav ntav totec taeiv' TO yaAav rrou {3u(aaav AC; aunsewouv va TO OOUOlV· eiuaotev ouAAol eueic.

Av ttepvouctv uauoa XPovla aYlav tiiai treiva rrou tteoaoav no uac evoc sv r(lal {3Kaivvel rrou tnv otpatav rTJC; rlJ..lf]c;

Mf]r' ensaotnsev norte TOU, r(I' av nsaott; r(t' avvoiir; otouav ./ NeKpOV sv va rov Eeoaor; r(lal TOU taeou TOU to XWJ..lav».

To «Kcprepouue uepov vUXTav» orov TO typallJe 0 eSVlK6e; uoc rtomrnc ~111lT]Tplle; Ameornc TOV Mopno TOU 1928 (ern Ku~epvT]Tll Ronald storrs) TO typallJe vto rnv 'Evwoll rnc Kurtpou ue rnv EAAo5a. Kat 6Xl vto Ouoortovolec, LUVOIlOonovolsc, Enovcnooosvvlosrc, «51Katee;, ~lWOlllee; Kat 5lapKele;" 51~WVlKte; 5lXOTOunoerc KTA. 'OOOl 5e TO eruxcxouvror IllKPOl Kat lleYOAOl tXOUV urtoxoetoon va unv 5laoTpe~AwvouV, ours TOUe; oTlxoue; TOU nomrn , OUTe TO 5laKaT] TOU noao. 'OOOl TO emKaAouVTat ae; tXOUV rnv eucioanoto va TO emKaAOUVTat OTllV oA6TllTO TOU vto va ucavortorerror Kat 11 eAAllVlKT] lIJUXT] TOU osluvnorou rtomrn,

;-

12

EILArorH

ZT1TOUj.le ElteuBepia

«If we cannot say that we do not intend that our plan should of itself lead to partition, it would be logical to assume that this is because we think it likely that it will of its nature create conditions leading to partition». 1

(<<Eav ~ev unooooue va nooue ttox; otoyoc TOU axe~lou uac ~ev eivai va o~T]yT]eocv ta ttpavuata ttpoc m ~IXOrOpT]aT], eivoi AOYIKO va unoeeoei «avevac ttox; auto ooeueta: oto yeyovoc; OTl mateoouue rrwc; atto tn cpuaT] rou (TO axt~lo) 8a ~T]Ploupy"ael tu; «ataotaoeu; eKelvec; rrou 8a o~T]y"aouv otn ~IXOrOpT]aT]») (OKrw{3ploc; 1958).

~TO J31J3Aio aUTO, avacptpOIlQl Kupiw~ aTO rno Enillaxo Btlla rtou OXETi~ETal IlE TO KunplaKO npoJ3Arllla. ~TO crrnuo TOU EAATlVlOIlOU TTl~ Kurtpou Yla 'EvwoTl IlE TTlV EAAc5a. EivQl tva seuo TO onolo antcpuya OTO riPOTlYOUIlEVO 1l0U J31J3Aio, aAAC, elver xpto~ uoc. va EPEUvriOOUIlE Kal an' cum TTl oxornc TO npoJ3ATlIlC uoc; Kcrvo EKBtoOUIlE nc BtOEl~ KQl J3aBuTEpE~ OKtlPEl~ TWV BpETav<.iw Yla TOV npOQlWVlO aUTO noao TOU Aaou ucc,

rIa va cnouuaortomsouv ernrsxouc 01 51KaloAoyiE~ nou KaTtoTTlOaV a5UVaTTl TTlV EcpaplloYri TOU Kal orto nOlOU~.

H Ioropto stvoi a5tKaOTTl KQl xonors KaAouvTal OAOl ~wVTavoi ri nesouevor va Kplaouv svernov TTl~. H Bpsrcvto KaAELTal IlETC ono 40 xpovla va crtovmosr onuepo Iltow Twv51KWV TTl~ srtlonuev J3p~TavlKwv EYYPCcpwv vro TOU~ sovcrouc exstvtov OTOU~ onotouc EiXE 1l0VOIlEPW~ EmJ3cAEl xpton KQl rtoivn. Twv ortokov TTlV EAEUBEpia EiXE KaTa51KcoEl OE looJ31a 5ixw~ 5iKTl.

Ma~ anapvriBTlKav TTlV EAEuBEpia uoc KQl Ila~ OTEPOUV TTlV anEAEuBtpwori Ila~ ana TOV TOUPKlKO ~uyo OTOV onoto ana TOV OKTWJ3PlO TOU 1958 Eixav unolPTl TOU~ a5iaTaKTa va uoc 05TlYrioouv. ~TlllloupywVTa~ rtc xcroorccerc EKEivE~ nou Ba 05Tlyouoav OTTl 51XOTOIlTlOTl ... To npa~IKonrllla nrnv Ev5ElKTlKC Tl acpoPllri KQl 0Xl Tl crrto, 'Eva 1974 nrov -vocuuevo» ana TOU~ TlBlKOU~ ouroupvouc va 5TlIllOUPYTlBEl.

Xctpoucn nou Tl 50UAEIC 1l0U oum tXEl ri5Tl J30TlBriOEl nOAAou~ CPOlTTlTt~ OTTlV

".<

13

A8r;va, 0111 8EOOaAOviK11 (Kal 01 ortoloi 1l0U txouv ypOtjJEl EuxaplonilVTac;), aAAO Kal OTO J\ov5ivo. ~uo El51KO rtepurrooetc rtou IlE ouvxtvnocv 151aiTEpa elver:

/

a) T11C; Mapiac; navaYlwTou (navEmoTr;lllO TOU Reading) 11 ortolo OTIC; EUXaPlO1iEC; T11C; avacptpETal OT11 ~0r;8Ela rtou T11C; rtpooospo.

~) TOU Av5pta XaT~TlKWOTr; (Flcvsrucrruno TOU Southampton) 0 ortotoc OTIC; EuxaPlOTiEC; TOU avacptpETal CPOPTIKO OT11 ~0r;8Ela rtou TOU npootpepo IlE T11 IlEAtT11 1l0U TWV ~pETavlKWv EYYPOCPWV.

EUEAmOTW va a~lw8w va rtcmoe ~avo ro lEPO XWllaTa T11C; KaTEXOIlEV11C; norpt- 5ac; Ilac; Kal va ayvavTttjJw rc ouvopo T11C; MlKPOC; Aoiac; ana TIC; 8aAaooocpiA11T~C; aKpOYlaAltc; T11C; ayanTllltv11C; Ilac; EAA11VlKr;C; Kepuvstoc.

To npo~A11lla T11C; Kunpou nrov, EiVOl xrn rtcoouever 8tlla nAElotjJ11CPiac; KOlIlElOtjJ11- cpiac;, KaTocpwP11C; napa~iao11C; av8pwnivwv, navav8pwmvwv 51KalwlloTwV, ana EKElVOUC; nou oxornuo KaTa5lKaoav aUTO TOV rono Kat TO xco TOU OE a5tKlEC; Kat E~av5pan05101l0UC; .

EUEAm01W OT11V ovcvveoicn T11C; YVW011C;, OT11v EKTill11011 T11C; 10TOplKr;C; csovcctoc «n OTOV rmrpuoncuo TOU av8pwnou va 51EK51Kr;OEl rune Kal O1apOTa T11V EAEU8Epia TOU. Tlrtoro AlyOTEPO Kal rtrtoro rtepiooorepo.

Ta ouvopo Ilac; elver OT11v Keouveio.

(/)avouAa Apyupou

14

OOBFIDBIAL

FROM ATUEHS 'm FOREIGN' OFFICI

R

Cypher/arp

Sir B. Allen ~e.r 4. 1958.

D.9.57 a ••• October 4, 1958. ~~ •• 8.57 a.a. Ootober 4, 19,8.

'!feSBed to ,olelm Offico teleAl"aa N0'b6i at October 4,

Repeat . for inform. ion to Ankara P ••• R.ll'.

Governor Cyprus

U.l. Del, to N.A.T.O. Washington

It te1egr~ ~156 and Ankara telegram No.1470.

It we oannot say th • .'b we do not 1ntend that our plan Bhou14 ot itselt lead to partltloft, it would be 10110a1 to assume that

this 11 becausl we think it likely that it .111 ot ita nature oreate oonditions 1eallng to partItion. Thi. ii, of course,

what the Greeka believe.

H ~DAITIKtj Tile; BP£TOvioe;. «An6 Til CPUCTIl Tile; 80 061lytjCT£I CTTIlv 61XOT6PIlCTIl»·

15

A·no T'1V EvwoT] OTT]V KOTOXf]

«I declare the satisfaction i should feel" if it was granted to me before my death, to see the people of the Greek island, Cyprus, incorporated and united with the Kingdom of Greece by friendly agreement» - William Gladstone 13.3.1897 npoc TOV 80uKa TOU Westminster.

MeToq>paoTl: «ilT]AWVW TT]V ixavonoinon ttou ea tVlwea, av uttooouoa va txw TT]V euyaoiomon ttootou tteeavo), va ow TO Aao autou TOU eAAT]VIKOU VT]alOU, TT]~ Kisnaou, va evoiouattovetcu xcu va evtavettu ue TO Baoissu: TT]~ EAAaoaq, ue iua CPIAIKr7 ouuaxovto»,

H At~Tl «'EvWOTl» rtepcoe tviSo~ee; uepec, Tlllr']e; Kal a~lonptnelae;, KaTO TTl iSlOPKela rnc rtpocqxrrnc loroptcc TTle; Kunpou uoc, aAAO KOl Iltpee; Kal XPOVla onvuoTlOIlOU Kal ava8tllaTOe;.

o AaOe; me MeyaAovr']oou, uro OUVTpmTlKr'] nAelOljJTlq>ia EAAr']VWV, iSlO ueoou TWV OlWVWV nOVTOTe iSlaTTlPOUOe TOV rtoso TTle;'Evwor']e; TOU ue TTl MTlTtpa EAAOiSa. ~TO ~l~Aio aUTO, 8a rtpoortcenoto va iSwow Illa eucovn TOU npOOlWVlOU aUTOU noaou, ueco ana to ~peTavlKo cnooeoueusevrc erttonuo tyypaq>a TOU ~peTavlKou Ynoupyeiou E~wTeplKwv. ea rmpoucuroto rtoc aKpl~We; t~Aenav Ol Bperuvol errorKlOKpOTee; TTl vvnorc cum ernauulo TOU EAATlVlOIlOU, nwe; KOl vurn TTlV xcturtoxeunoov KaTO KOlpOUe; xuoocxeo, ~ovauoa, aiSioTaXTa KOl us KaTaOTpOq>lKO ortorexecuero vto TOV EAATlVlOIlO rnc vr']OOU uoc. KOl ~t~Ola ue TTl iSlKr'] Ilae; iSOUAonpenr'] KOl paYlaiSioTlKTl urtoxon oe ~tva xevrpc KOl ~tva cuuqiepovru. Mla e~eUTeAlolltVTl urtcxon, Tl onoia uerc orto iSeKaeTiee; e~aKoAou8ei va KaTaiSuvaoTeuel TOV KurtpioKO EAATlVlOIlO. 'EypaljJe oe KUPlO op8po rnc n eq>TlllepiiSa «~Tllleplvr']» one 30.6.94 OxeTlKO us rr; .. «oullnAeYllaTlKr'] eKiSlKTlTlKOTTlTa TWV 'AYYAWV KaTO rnc Kurtpou KOl TTl OUVWIlOTlKr'] ovncrpureucn TOUe; npoc ro ouueepovro rnc vr']OOU» to e~r']e;:

« ... Fia OAa curta 01 nOAITIKO[ uac, ttou rrovrc {3p[OKOVTQI oe avtcpeAT] ouveovaoia ue TO "'ovoivo, sev «oivouv OKOmj.10 va evnueoooouv TT]V KUnplaKr7 KOIVr7 YVWj.1T].

J

Ynapxel «a: TO aYYAOTpono «ateomuevo, tva aeAIO unOAelj.1j.1a TT]~ anOIKIOKpa-

tiac, ttou Xettouove! aav IOIOTUnT] nOAITIKr7 Maoovia «cu ttou evOOj.1uxa avayvwpi(el TO "'ovo[VO oav TT]V eeVIKr7 j.1T]TpOnOAr7 TOU».

rla va ~pioKoulle, KOl va Ilae; KTuno ouv KOAaq>Oe; iSlO ueoou TWV lOTOPlKWV evvpcqxov, nwe; ncpoxn TTlV aV8eAATlVlKr'] TOUe; noxmxn, elver Ol iiSlOl Ol Bpernvot, nou TeAlKo napaiStxovTOl nwe; n KaAuTepTl AUOTl vto TTlV eAATlvlKr'] Kunpo, elver MIA KAI MONH, H ENn~H THI ME THN EAAA8A ...

17

BpeTQVlKt~ etael~ ylQ TTJV Evoxm

L r

npt:iJTOqJQVt19 HAI816T'ITQ

rev TO 1878 0 Disraeli (BpETaVOe; npw8unoupyoe;), EiXEKaT~cptpEI TO IOUATOVO va 5WOEI TTlV Kurtpo 0111 ~pETaVIKr; curoxocropto, unoovoIlEVOe; OTO IOUATOVO rtpoorcoto OE rreptrrrooq nou 11 Pwoia 8a ertrrt- 8ETO KaTa tile; Touostcc, 0 nplvxmcc Tile; AyyAiae; E50uop50e; 0 XII TO 1907 EiXE 5I1AWOEI: «The occupation of Cyprus is not only a surprising folly but a criminal action of extraordinary stupidity».

o

METocppaOI1: «H KaToxf/ TT]e; KUTTPOU oev etvat /lOVO iua £KTTAT]KTlKf/ /3AaKeia aAAQ uia eYKAT]/laTKf/ TTPQ~T] tuxotoeavouc T]Al8loTT]Tae;».

o n080e; vic T11v Evwol1 T11e; Kunpou IlE TI1V EAAo5a, 01 i5101 01 Bpstovot, 01 corrovoor EX8poi Tile; 'EVWOI1~, napa5txovTal Iltow TWV nAtov EYKUPWV EYYPOCPWV TOUe; OTl npoOnr;PXE TOU 1821. 01 Bperovol avayvwpI~av TI1V EAAI1VIKOTI1Ta Tile; vr;OOU, 5EV ELxav OAAI1 EKAoyr;. 'Ollwe;, TI1V npaYIlOTIKr; TOUe; nOAlTlKr;, EKELVI1 TWV OUIlCPEPOVTWV TWV nETPEAAION THI MEIHI ANATOAHI, omoc 8a 50UllE cpvoTEpa OTO KECPOAOlO, ~0r;8110E 11 51Kr; uoc cvvoio ceevoc «n EUKOAomOTLa ceerspOU ...

o Winston Churchill orcv EmoKtcpTI1KE TI1V Kurtpo TO 1907 we; Yeunoupvoc TWV Artoucuov EiXE avacptpEI to E~r;e; 0XETlKO IlE TO aeuo Tile; 'EVWOI1e;:

«I think it only natural that the Cypriot people, who are of Greek descent, should regard their incorporation with what may be called their mother country as an ideal to be earnestly, devoutly and fervently cherished. Such a feeling' is an example of patriotic devotion which so nobly characterizes the Greek nation ... I say that the views which have been put forward are views which His Majestys Government do not retuse to regard with respect».

EKELVO nou 01 'EAAI1VEe; 5EV tAa~av urtoipn 0IlWe;, (uro ~wr; aKOUV 01 'EAAI1VEe; 110- voxa EKELva nou 8tAOUV) nrcv, «n KOTl OAAO nou ELXE 511AWOEI TOTE, 0 IlETtnEITa Ilpw8unoupyoe; TI1S Bpercvtcc Kal nou tAEYE:

« The opinion held by the Muslim population of the island, that the British occupation of Cyprus should not lead to the dissolution of the Ottoman .. is one which His Majestys Government are equally bound to regard with respect».

Mercepccn; «To 8ewpw TTOAU CPUOlKO 0 KUTTplaKOe; AaOe;, TTOU eivai eAAT]VlKf/e; KQ-

18

Bp,ETANIKEI 9EIElI riA TH~ ENQIH

TaYWYrJ~, va Bewpei T'1V evowpoTW0rJ TOU ue aUTO TTOU aTTOKaAeiTal P'1Ttpa TTaTpisa W~ tva 16aVlKO npoauovio, TO ottoio va 61aT'1peiTai ue oef)aoj.Jo «a: cp~oyepo TTo80~. TtTOlO aioenua etviu TTQpa6i:LYpa TTaTplWTlKrJ~ acpoolwoT]~ TTOU ue tum xapaKT'1pl(el TO eXA'1VlKO tBvo~ ... J\tw TTW~ 01 attoue«; TTOU txouv TTpo{3A'1Bel elva: aTTol/Je~ ttconoiec 11 Ku{3tpv'1O'1 T'1~ A.M:' sev apVei1'Cl1 va fjAtTTel ue oe{3aopo ... H OTTOl/J'1 TOU uouoousuavisou TTA'18uopoU T'1~' vnaou, TTW~ '1' {3peTavlKrJKaToXrJ T'1~ KUTTPOU 6ev noenei va 06'1YrJoei OT'1610Auo'1 T'1~ oBwpavlKrJ~ ... 'e Ivai pia OTTOl/J'1 T'1V anoia '1 Ku{3tpv'1O'1 T'1~ A.M. eivcu E=IIOY 6eopeuptv'1 va {3AtTTel ue oe{3aopo».1

ITa a5uTa TWV ~peTaVlKWV eyypacpwv unapxouv OUK oxtvsc eK9toele;, Xsrrrouspeororec eK9toele; Yla rnv Kunpo, orrou avemcpUAaKTa KaTaypacpeTat errcveixnuuevc 11 EAAI1VlKOTI1Ta Tile; Kurtpou 5la usoou TWV cuovev. EK9toele; nou avacptpoVTat OTI1V Kurtpo ue Xerrrouepersc ana Til Mu90Aoyia. «O: eeo! T'1~ EAAo6ac; elxav OT'1V KUTTPO TOU~· {3wpou~ «a: ro avasuat« TOU~» ~tXPl Kat TO yeyov6e; OTl «a MwapeBavol otnv KUTTPO eivcu aTTO yo VOL TWV OBwpavwv TOUPKWV oi onoioi EnOIKHIAN T'1V KUTTPO ueta T'1V KaTOKT'1O'1 T'1~ vnoou atto T'1V oBwpavlKrJ aUTOxoatopia. 0 enooaauoc 0PXloe TO 160v alwva ... ,,2

(Na 011~elwgei e5w nwe; OTa ~peTavlKa tyypacpa Ka9apa avacptpeTatl1 At~11 EnOIKIIMOI).

MIa 0lJpaVTIKIj £K8£olJ Yla TIJV Kurrpo

":1

KaTa Til 5lapKeta TOU 5euTtpou ncvxooutou rroxeuou, Kat OUYKeKpl~tva TOV AnotAlO TOU 1941, TO Ynoupyeio E~wTeplKwv Tile; Bpsruvlcc ~riTl1oe va ouvTax90uv ~eAtTee; Yla TO: loTOPlKO TOU Kurtprcxou ~I1Tri~aToe; evolVel Tile; au~aVo~evl1e; cnctrnonc vro aVTaAAay~aTa uerc TOV noxeuo Kat rno oUYKeKpl~tvaevolVel Tile; enolrnonc Yla 'EVWOI1 Tile; Kurtpou ue TI1V EAAa5a. H ~eAtTI1, oTI1V ortolo Sa cvcesc- 9w rno KaTw, eixe eroiucoret ana TO IVoTlTOUTO 6le9vwv ee~aTWv Kat. eK50gei ana TI1V Yrmoeolc E~wTeplKwv Epeuvtov TOU KOAAeyiou Balliot Tile; O~cpop511e;. <l>tpel nusp. 17 AnplAiou 1941.

(Irl~. Opiouevc ~peTavlKa Flcvernorrunc, nocrroororouvroc sxetvou Tile; O~cpop- 511e; Xerroupvouv we; gep~oKrima Yla Til 5laiioPCPwol1 Tile; ~peTavlKrie; e~wTeplKrie; noxmxnc. Kat ~t~ata ana TOUe; 5la5po~oue; TWV Fkivernornuuov, el5lKa Tile; O~cpOp511e; Kat TOU Ktl~nplT~, emAtyovTat Kat eKnat5euOVTat Kat Ol ~eAAOVTlKOi noxrTlKOI Kat a~lw~aTOUXOl TOU Ynoupyeiou E~WTeplKWV Tile; Bperovtcc).

H Kurrpoc; - BaolJ OTIJV AvaToAIKIj M£ooY£IO

H VrJOO~ KUTTPO~ elxe onoeoaurtet va "KaTaKT'1Bel Kal va 6lolKelml crro T'1V AyyAla" ue /300'1 T'1V AyyAo- TOUPKlKrJ Iupcpwvia T'1~ 4'1~ louviou 1878 ue avroAAaypa

; ,

19

Ano THN ENQIH ITHN KATOXH

tnv uttooxeon ttox; T] M. Boetavia 8a imeoaorucotav tu; anoueivouoec ooianxec rreplOXte; tou IOUA TllVOU ae neoitttoxm pWalKr7e; enieeonc, H ttaoeunooion tuxov pWalKr7e; ~leia~uaT1e; otu; KOlAa~.eq rOl.hJ;TiYPT] Kat. rou EucpporT] e~uTUJP£rouae·'Kal ra /3peravlKo ouueeoovta, tteoav rwv o8WJ.lavlKwv... a I\op~oe; Beaconfield eixe tote avaoeoee; xai rrpo/3oAel avaaooec yLQ tnv msavomta va anosrouoaue KOnota /3oaT] ue tnv anoia 8a uttooouoaue rroAu KaAurepa va aVTlKpOUaOUJ.le otioiavtmttote pwalKr7 ~leia~uaT]. 01 aUJ.l/3ouAoi rou, J.lera~u rwv rreplOXWV nou eixav uttoum r7rav. T] rreplOXr7 Muhammerah arov nepalKo KOArro, T] Stampalia (AarurroAala) ato Alyaio, xcu T] AAe~av~ptrra. AAAO T] eTTlAoYr7 inc Ku/3tpvT]aT]e; tnc Bpetaviac eneae navt» otnv Kuttoo.

H Kuttpo« xcu T] AAe~av~ptrra, Yla roue; Aoyoue; rrou tic 8tAaJ.le, evavtiov otootKOU otpatou ttou otosueue otnv Aouevia, ~ev ntav KarOAAT]Aee;. H Kurrpoe; uac t~LVe Alyorepa nseovesmuata «cu otto tnv AAe~av~ptTTa. 'Ouox; urrr7Pxav oAAee; oxeue«; yLQ tu; ottoiec 8tAaJ.le uta /3oaT] otnv A va rOAlKr7 Meaoyelo. Evvta XPovla tunv asoua vivei ro avotvua ato KavoAI rou Iout( T] attouoia /3peravlKr7e; /3oaT]e; /3opelorepa, esttx; eKeivT]e; otn MOA ra, eseiooeito we; asuvauia. Kai eixe ~o8ei J.leYOAT] ttooooyn ara axt~la Ylet al~T]pO~pOJ.lIKr7 ypaJ.lJ.lr7 otnv KOlAo~a rou EucpporT], T] ottoia va ~eKlvouae otto tnv AAe~av~ptrra r7 KOrrOLQ yelrovlKr7 rrapaAlaKr7 tteoioXr7 /3opela tnc Iupiae;. YrroAoYl(orav tote nox; T] KarOXr7 tnt; Kuttpou r7 inc AAe~av~ptrrae; 8a t~LVe otn MeyoAT] Bpetavia lKavOrrOIT]TlKO tAeyxo tou ~la~pOJ.lOu ttpoc tic Iv~iee; aAAo «ai tou veou al~T]pO~pO/lOU, eAtyxovrae; etoi tnv Ptoaia. TeAlKO T] anooouut; inc AAe~av~ptrrae; erre/3Ar78T]Ke «ata ueviato /3a8J.lo orov ovnAT]cp8r7KaJ.le tic ettumaoeu; ttou 8a eixe (T] KaroXr7 inc AAe~av~ptrrae;) atu; ayy AO- yaAAlKte; oyeoeu;

H MeyoAT] Boetavia ~larr7pT]ae tnv Kuttoo ue roue; opouc tnt; IUJ.lcpwviae; too 1878, OJ.lWe;, 01 osottoi eseivo: ttou neoaaav tnv Kunoo otn Bpe ra via, ~ev UAOrrOlr78T]Kav. a al~T]pO~pOJ.lOe; inc Bay~orT]e; ue TOY ottoio auv~t8T]Ke T] AAe~av~ptrra ro 1914 xataoxeuaotnse otto roue; Fepuavouc xat OXI ue /3peraVlKr7 enippon. H ~e npootaaia TaU KavaAlou too Iout( eTTlreux8T]Ke KaAurepa ue tnv KarOXr7 inc Alyurrrou ro 1882. ErroJ.ltvwe;, «ata ro 1914 cpavepW8T]Ke tuac 0 tAeyxoe; inc Konoou ~ev eixe ~wael otn MeyoAT] Boetavia oAa exeiva ra nssovekmuata, ra ottoia etxov nootoxee! Yla tnv KarOXr7 too vT]alou».3

To 8peTavIK6 Nauapxeio evavtiov

EVOelKTlKa TO Nauapxeio, TO 1878, eixe TaxSei evovno OTTW KaTOXrl Tile; KOnpou Kat TO Noelll3plo TaU 1912 a Sir Edward Grey (Yn. E~wTeplKwv) eixe net moe: «H Kurtpoc oev eixe Kailla XPrl011 we; VaUTlKrll3aOI1)) Kat moe Ol APXl1yoi TWV NounKWV EmTeAelWv Tile; M. Bpsrcvlcc ertovetxnuuevc nie~av Yla uro l3aol1 OTa vnoio TaU Arvoiou. Aeel TO I3peTavlKo eyypa<.po Tile; oeKaeTiae; TaU 1940:

20

BPETANIKEI 9EIEII riA THN ENnIH

celt' auto, rov OKrw/3plo rou 1915, 17 Bperavia npoteive tnv evoxm r17C; Kunpou ue rnv EAAaoa. H 'Evwo17 r17C; Kunoou arreruxe rors, arroKAelorKa e~alriac; r17C; apv17017C;·JI].c; E4J.\I1¥M91C; ISf.I/3tpV17G17C; va rax8ei uttep rev IUllllaxwv xcu _trolxq.81l«e 17 eUKalpia y,a r17¥ arreAeu8epwo17 r17C; Kurrpou aito r17 /3peravlKrr Karoxr] .

....

Mera TlC; Iuv8r]Kec; rou 1919-1923, 17 arparriYIKr] naoouoia inc M. Boetavtac

or17vAvaroAIKr] Meooyelo xiu rov tteootxo KoArro aAAa~e «ata nos», atto exeivn rrou togue ro 1878. AIlCPorepec;, 17 trasia «cu 17 iaAAia, olar17PouoaVemppot7 otnv avaroAIKt7 Aillv17 r17C; Meooyeiou, ouox; 17 0171l10upyia /3peraVIKt7C; ooalixu; emppor]C; ~eKlvwvrac; ano tnv ep171l0 r17C; lu/3u'7C; lleXPI ta ouvopa rou tpav ntav utteo apesrt7 y,a va e~loopporrei ro otoatnvixo 100(UyLO. Ka: rraAI, ouox; 17 ttoooeooa rrou unopouoe va «ave: 17 Kurrpoc; y,a mv(aocpaAela rwv /3peravlKwv ouueepovttav oev t7rav 017llaVrIKt7. Arro aAA17 oKoiTla, urrt7Pxe ilia aAA17 neplttuaot; rrou 17 Kunpoc unopouoe va a~lorrol178ei. Me r17 /3eAriwo17 otnv aepottopia ueta rov rroAe- 110 rou ·1914-1918, tonovoaansox; 17 Kutuxx; noooeceoe KaAurepec; Suvarotntec Yla aeponopua; /3ao17 napa Yla VaUTlKr].

H Kuplapxia r17C; Kcnoou llera/3l/3aor17Ke otn MeyaA17 Bpetavia /3aoel rou ap8pou 20 r17C; Iuv8r]K17C; r17C; I\w(av17C; «cu 17 vr]OOC; rrr]pe tnv uttootaon r17C; /3peraVIKt7C; anoixku; ro 1925. ttaoeuetve, oIlWC;, ilia oeolleuo17, 17 orroia seoueue tnv Ku/3epv17- 017 r17C; A.M. va Il17V unooet va «ave: OTl 8eAei tnv Kunpo. H iaAAlKr] Ku/3epv17017 eixe e~aocpaAioel ilia ttpovoui atri IUIlCPwvia "Sykes-Picot" rou 1916, ue tnv orroia 17 iaAAia olar17Pouoe ro olKaiwlla apvncnxuoiac oe neoitmaon rrou 17 Kurrpoc; ueta/31/3a(orav oe tpim ouVall17. H oeolleuo17 autn em/3e/3alw817Ke xai ue ro ap8po 4 r17C; iaAAo-/3peravIKr]C; ouucxovku; r17C; 2317C; lJ.eKell/3piou 1920. H oxerlKr] napavtxuptx; eAeye:

"In virtue of the geographic and strategic position of the island of Cyprus, off the Gulf of Alexandretta, the British Government agrees not to open any negotiations for the cession or alienation of the said island of Cyprus without the previous consent of the French Government".

(Meracppao17: Evol/Jel r17C; yewypacpIKr]C; Kat orpar17YIKt7C; eeoeo»; r17C; Kunoou , nsnoiov rou KoArrou r17C; AAe~avopeTTac;, 17 /3peraVIKt7 Ku/3epv17017 auuiptovei va Il17V rrpo/3ei oe olarrpaYllareuoelC; yla rnv eKXWP17017 r17C; vt7oou, oixwC; rnv e« rev nooteixav ouvxataeeon r17C; iaAAIKr]C; Ku/3epv17017C;>>).

»Mla aAA17 xwpa, 17 orroia rrapaKoAou8ei r17 uoioa r17C; Kuttoou ana «ovta eivai 17 EAAaoa. IUIlCPwva ue TlC; otanonxec rou 1931 ra 4/5 rou rrA178uollou eivai eAA17- VOCPWVOI Op8ooo~01 xpiatiavoi (atto ouvoAo «arotaov 348,000) scu 17 rrAelol/J17CPia rou unosomou evoc tetaotou eivai roUPKOCPWVOI MouoouAllavol. TA EBNIKIITIKA AIIBHMATA THI NEOTEPHI EI\I\AlJ.AI TA IYMMEPIZONTAI, TOYI\AXIITON AnO TO 1821, ENAI OI\OENA KAI AY=ANOMENOI APIBMOI EI\I\HNOfJJONON KynPION. It7llepa, rov ttoeo Yla tnv 'Evwo17 ue tnv EAAaoa r17

21


OUJ.1J.1epi(eTal T] nAelol/JT]cpia TWV EAAr]vwv tepetov, oaoKaAwv «a: OIKT]YOpWV «a: «ata J.1eyaAo /3a8J.10 01 nAT]8uoJ.1oi TWV noAewv, eve: TaUTOXPOVa apXloe va OlelQouel 0 n080e; aUTOe; «at otic avpottxec neoioyec, MeTa{u TT]e; neoiosou 1878 «at 1914 ta npaYJ.1QTa ntav «anox; olacpopeTlKa, viati T] Boetavia oev tcpTQlye Yla TO XWPI0J.10 TT]e; Vr]OOU otto TT]V EAXaoa. Etuxpatouoe T] iOla KaTaOraOT] J.1e ta VT]Ola TOU Jov[OU, ta ottoia atto /3peTfJ,VIKO npOTeKTOpaTO (acpou ttoonvouuevox; attotesoooav ueooc TT]e; Autoxpatopiac TT]e; Bevetiac) eKxwpr]8T]KaV OTT]V EAAaoa. 'DTav OJ.1We; T] MeyaAT] Boetavia em/3e/3a[woe TT]V Kuplapxia TT]e; Vr]OOU, T] anaitnan Yla A YTOi1JABEIH cpavepW8T]Ke J.1e uevasuteor; AaiKr] imootnoiir; xai etuuovn. Ita noAAa XPovla T] anaiTT]OT] Yla 'EvWOT] avtiuettottiatnxe J.1e unouovn atto TIe; /3peTavIKte; Apxte;. MtXPI TO eroc 1929 Yla napaoetyJ.1a ro i1T]J.10TlKa IxoAeia ntav avemcpuAaKTa nT]Yr] eVWTlKr]e; noonavavsac. Tov OKTW/3PIO TOU 1931 {tonaoav taoaxec «a: Buuonaaviec. Me anoteseoua va 0laAu8ei TO N0J.108eTlKO IUJ.1/3ouAIO xat T] Kottoo« va Ku/3epvaTal ana TOV Ku/3epvr]TT] J.1e TT] /30r]8elaevOe; EKTeAeoTlKOU IUJ.1/3ouMou, TO ottoio attoteseito «uoiox; ano A{IWJ.1aTOUXOUe;.

H TOUPKOCPWVT] J.1eIOvOTT]ra, nou apI8J.1e[ nepinou 64,000, oououova J.1e Tie; OTaTiOTlKte; TOU 1931, ett! TW nAe{oTov e{val IKaVonOIT]J.1tvT] J.1e TO Ka8eOTWe; wu 8a t/3Aette J.1e aVT]ouxia TT]V ttoavuatottotnon TWV eAAT]VIKWV n08wv.

IU(T]TWVTae; TO J.1tAAov TT]e; Kuttoou, J.1eTa TOV noseuo, eivtu avavkn va AT]cp80uv uttoun; ta aKoAou8a:

a) 01 OTpaTT]YIKte; avavxes; TT]e; KU/3tpvT]OT]e; TT]e; A.M. Ta Boetavu«: ouuoeoovta 8a e{apTT]80uv atto TT]V KaTaOraOT] OTO vnoi «cu J.1e /3aoT] Tie; e{eM{ele; OTT]V AvaToAIKr] Meooyelo.

/3) 01 erueuuiec «a: ouuoeoovta TWV «atoinav «ai ra ouuqeoovto TT]e; EAAaoae; «a: TT]e; Toupsiae 000 unoooov va ouoxettarocv.

y) Ta OTpaTT]YIKa ouiupepovta TT]e; Touoxio; xcu

0) 01 uttoyoetaaeu; uac svcvn TT]e; /aAMae; Baoe: TT]e; ouuoevtac TT]e; 23T]e; i1eKeJ.1- Bpiou 1920, voouuevou /3t/3ala OTlT] ouucxavia autn 8a loxuei J.1eTa TOV ttoseuo.

Yno TO cpwe; TWV nooavaeeoeevttov. cxuvetcu tuoc uttaoyouv ooiouevec m8avte; seoeu; evaAAaKTlKte; Auoele; ttou unooei T] KU/3tPVT]oT] TT]e; A.M. va utoeetnoei.

a) Na OlaTT]pr]oel TO OTOTOUe; K/3o.

/3) Na OlaTT]pr]oel TT]V Kuplapxia OTO vnoi, aAAa tautoypova va napaytoonoet OPIoueva olKalWJ.1ara r] oleuKoAuvoele; ae uia r] tteoiooorepec evsiaceoouevec i1uvauetc.

y) Na evtaaet TT]V Konoo J.1e TT]V EAAooa J.1e nooimoeeoe«; ttou va e{aocpaM(ouv TT]V ttapauovn TWV OT]J.1epIVWV /3peTavlKwv OTpaTT]YIKwV nAeOVeKTT]J.1aTWV r] va 008ei OTT] Bpetavia «anoia anornuuoor; aAAou, r]

22

BPETANIKEl: eEl:EIl: riA THN ENOl:H

0) Na evw8ei 17 Kuttpc«; ue T17v EAAaoa, oixwe; tetoiec Olaocpa)..{oele; f] anoinuuoaeu; (avtassavuata) ue npovota va eyyu178ei 17 EAAaoa OT17 Boetavia T17v eAeu8epia va XP170Iponol178ei 17 vnooc atto T17 Boetavta oro ptAAOV.

r'

To tuo ouvaTo' emxeip17pa" yLQ T17v npwT17 emAoYf], (Yla olaTf]P17017 TOU oTaTOUe;

K/30), eival OTl ue T17 olaTf]p17017 T17e; KaToxf]e; T17e; Kunpou uno /3peTavIKf] Kuplapxia, e~aocpa)..{(eTal 0 tuo oiyoupoe; tpottoc 17 Konooc va P17v nepaoet oe ex8plKa xtpla. EmnAtov 17 Kuttao; ttapauevei 17 povaolKf] neploXf] OT17v AvaToAIKf] Meooyelo uno /3peTavIKf] Kuplapxia. TtAoe; xcu napOAee; tu; apvnnxec seoeu; TOU Nauapyeiou Yla T17V KaroXf] T17e; Kunpou ro 1878, 17 Appoxworoe; eivai 10av1KOe; tottoc Yla VaUTlKf] /3ao17. '000 aoopa oe T17v Aeoottopta, 17 Kiuuxx; eivcu avtatepn atto nOAAte; aAAee; vnoouc ...

Eivol £VQVTIO OTO 8P£TOVIKQ OUlltpepOVTo ••

Evavtia ora nseovextnuata aura, 8a ttpene: va Aex8ei nox; rc e8VlKlOTlKa aioenuata TWV EAAf]VWV uneo T17e; EVW017e; ue T17v EAAaoa paAAov 8a aU~1780uv au 8a evsuvauoeoov. Me autn T17 oKtl/J17, «aiua npotaon Yla outosuseovnot; txel ttooormxec va vivei oeKTf] oixwe; va KaTaAf]~el oe aOlt~ooO, ottox; tYlve xcu orcv eiyaue tooooonioei roue; a~lwparouXoue; ue TOUpKOUe; evavtiov TWV EAAf]VWV, oivoVrae; OT17v Ku/3tpv17017 T17 vuaooa I/Jf]cpo KtA. (sesaetta rou 1920).

OMDI, AYTH E/NA/ nO/\/TiKH ANTIBETH ME TlI nAPA.lJ.OIE/I KA/ KATA reN/KH OMO/\OnA ENANTIA ITA IYMC/JEPONTA THI BPETAN/KHI AYTOKPATOP/AI NA .IJ./ATHPOYME IE nO/\/T/KH IK/\AB/A ENA /\AO, TA KO/NDN/KA KA/ nO/\/T/ITIKA EnmE.lJ.A TOY orunov .IJ./KA/O/\OrOYN THN AnA/THIH n« AYTO.IJ./ABEIH.

IT17V Kunpo eistxoteoa, 17 ttaaouoia evoc;' suoaaeatnuevoo Aaou xai ouva/JIKa ex- 8PlKOU Aaou 8a etvai tva otoiyeio asuvauiac, TO onoio rueavo va vtootuaoei. T17 /3peTavIKr] Autoxpatooia oe «aneta ~Tlypf] xpionc, f] oxoua «a: va axuoeoei ta nseovextnuata yLQ ro ottoia 17 vnooc eixe tteoaoei OTa /3peravlKa xtpla. EmnAtov ouvexeie; ex8poT17Tee; peTa~u TWV /3peTavlKwv Apxwv «cu rou eAA17vIKOU nA178uouoo 8a exouv aTuxeie; emmtooeu; otic eAA17vo-/3peTavIKte; oyeoeu; TtAoe; 17 017- uiouavia vautixrc /3ao17e; OT17v Appoxworo m8avo va avnuetomioei tu; apV17TlKte; avtisoaoeu; T17e; Touoxiac, 17 onoia ioox; va oel TO OAO 8tpa ue Kaxunol/Jia.

H oeuTep17 eVaAAaKTlKf] Auo17, OT]AaO,f] va olaT17Pf]ooupe T17v Kuplapxia. uac OTO V170i napaxwpwvrae; tautoypova ooioueva olKalwpaTa «a: oleuKoAuvoele; oe pia f] tteoioootepec evolacpepopevee; ouvapele;, ioox; va auvettavetai pia f] auqoreoec TIe; mo KaTw oleu8eTf]oele;:

a) T17V ~napaxwp17017 en! evoisuo T17e; Appoxworou f] «anoiou aAAou' uepouc OT17v Toupnia. KaTI tetoio 8a accuooooe tu; avtippnoeu; T17e; roupKIKf]e; Ku/3tpv17017e;,

23

Ano THN ENClIH ITHN KATOXH

ouo»; TTapaMI.TJAa ea evoxAovoe pia rsroro evepveta tnv EAAaoa xcu to Aao inc eKrOe; xai av ouvoseuotav ue

r

{3) «attoiou eisoi»; nooteetooarou TTpOe; Trw EAMloa, KctAtfJTTrovrae; roue; EAATJvo-

cxovoi»; KlJTTPIOUe;.

Av ouox; ra olKa!wpara tnc Ku{3epvTJoTJe; tnc; A.M. atnv KlJTTPO neoiooiotouv, tote «ai 01 AOYOI vTTap{r'le; inc oro vnoi ea uTTo{3a8plorovv «cu ta e8VIKIOTIKa atoenuata rwv EAAr'lvwv ea avaTTrepWeOvv ... ea EINAI mo Cl>YXIKO, enouevox; va TTapaxwPTJeei 17 KVTTpOe; otnv EAAaoa ue rTJ auucuovia va TTapaxwPTJ80vv oleuKoAvvoele; OTTJ Boetavia Yla otoatuonxouc OKOTTOVe;. Mia retota AvoTJ eixel eloTJYTJ8ei «ai 0 Bevl(eAoe; plAwvrae; otnv eAATJvIKr'l BouAr'l to Noep{3plo tou 1931...

Av ttpokeiuevou autti 17 AVOTJ eixe we; anoteseoua rTJ oTJPloupyia cplAIKWV oyeoexov pera{v rwv Boetavtov oro vnoi «cu rou totttxou TTATJ8uopov, ta Bpetavu«: oupcpepovra otnv KVTTPO ea ntav TToAv tuo aocasioueva aTT' OTi eivai ttaoa. AKopa «cu oe TTepiTTrWOTJ eAATJvo{3peravlKwv eXepOTTpa{lwv, oe «anoia peAAovTlKr'l neoioso, eivoi apcpi{3oAo «ata TTOOO 17 avaYKTJ va imeooomotooue xepoaio oovooo ornv KVTTPO 8a eivai peyaAvrepTJ (TJpla napa 17 avtiuetdnuon uiac yevIKr'le; eTTaVaOraOTJe; too Aaov evavtiov uac.

Av naiovaue reAIKr'J onoqaon va evooouue tnv KVTTPO ue tnv EAAaoa, (TJrwvrae; avtassavuata oe aAAo eAATJVIKO esacoc Yla vaimkec «ai aeponooixec Baoe«; ... , 8a titav avaYKaio Yla orparTJYIKOVe; OKOTTOVe; va e{aocpaAiooupe Baoeu; orov KOATTO inc Xovoae;. Av TTaAI «anoia inxootept; vr'l 00 c, extoc inc Kpr'lrTJe; «cu tnt; KVTTPOU, ttpoooeoe tnv aocpaAela, 17 teseuraia (KVTTpOe;) uttopouoe va avraAAaxeei ue pia vnoo ora L1woeKaVTJOa. H oevrepTJ emAoyr'l (via avraAAayr'l) {owe; va exel tteoioootepa nseovextnuara Yla tnv eAATJVIKr'l Ku{3epvTJoTJ, 17 ottoia tueavo va eiva! rno TTpOeUPTJ va aTToxwplorei orro pia vnoo, 17 ottoia oe {3pioKeral otnv xatoxr'l tnt; ttaoa va eYKaraAeil/Jel rov eAeyxo tou KOATTOU tnc Xovoae; ...

Qe; reAIKr'l emAoyr'l ioox; va eivai avaYKTJ va e{eraooupe tnv meavottita uias; eAATJvorOupKIKr'Je; avraAAaYr'Je; TTATJeUOpWV, TTOU va ole{aXeei ue tetoio toone outux; wore va anouasouvet TOGO tnv touoner; ueiovotrita aTTO tnv KVTTPO 000 «cu tnv eAATJVIKr'l aTTO KaTTOIO vnoi tnt; L1woeKavr'loou. 01 ouoKoAiee; ue pia tetoia AVOTJ ioox; va eivtu OUYKplTIKa Alyorepee; ano on uttopei va oup{3e{ ue pia OlapaXTJ ueta{v EAAaoae; «cu ToupKiae;».4

To noptouo Tile; j1eAtTIle;ltK8eolle; currie e[xe AIl<P8e[ oo~apa Uno4JIl ana TOUe; apj10CSLOUe; OTO Ynoupvelo E~<.tlTeplKWV Tile; Bpercvioc, aoxeTa ue Til ypaj1j1T1 nou reAlKa aKOAOU81l0e Il Bpercvlo ro enouevo XPovla. Ot 8toele;, ovcxuoetc, ernrmocere Kat rtpoorrrucec nou neplAall~avOVTat OTIlv ruo ncv.o tK8eOll, ava<poplKa j1e TOUe; CSla<popOUe; xovouc Kat rponouc rtou 8a unopouoe va emTeux8e[ Il 'EvwOll Tile; Kunpou ue rnv EAAaCSa, elver onuovnxec.

24

BPETANIKEI 9EIEII riA THN ENtlIH

ME TI1V LOTOPLKr') EK~aOI1 TWV rtpovuonov, OUYKEKPLIlEVE~ npo~AEljJEL~ nou xureYPC<PI1KaV OTI1V EK8E0l1 EKEiVI1, 5EV morenci nee urtopel evcc EUKOAa va all<pLO~I1- Tr')OEL ruoc 5EV EnaAI18EUTI1KaV . OUTE unopet evoc va rtnpcvvoptoet TO YEYOVO~ OTL ertcvetxnuuevo npo~Ar')8I1Kav OTOLXEia Kat 8eOEL~ TI1~ EV AOYW EK8E0I1~ OTa

r·

IlETenELTa XPOVLa, onw~ 11 EVaAAaKTLKr') AUOI1 TI1~ 'EVWOI1~ IlE aVTaAACYllaTa. (na-

POAOV OTL 5EV EYLVE 5EKTO TO oxe5LO J\TOEOOV TO 1964, OUYKEKpLIlEva TO 5EUTEPO Kat ~EATLWIlEVO, ovoeeporov Kat OE EKXWPl1011 TOU KaOTEAopL~OU OTI1V Toupxto OE I.LLa npoorrcaero va sveast 11 Kurtpoc IlE TI1V EAAC5a).

H £K8£C11J TOU A6p~ou Curzon

nl1yaivovTa~ ruo rtloto OTO XPOVO, IlETa~u TWV EYYPC<PWV unCPXEL Kat uro CAAI1 EK8E0l1 IlETa~u EKEivwv nou ouverswnv OTI1 5laIlOP<PW0I1 TWV anO<pCOEWV, TlIlEP. 3 lavouapiou 1919. LTI1V EK8E0l1 au Tn 0 ouvvoccecc TI1~ Tovi~El nee 11 Kurtpoq av Evw8Ei IlE TI1V EAAc5a 8a ~piOKETaL OE TPWTr') 8t0l1 Kat 8a EXEL TI1V i5La uolpc IlE TI1V EAAc5a, EVaVTL aAAI1~ rno 5uvaTr')~ 5uValll1~. 0 "op50~ Curzon ouvoljJi~oVTa~ OTO TEAO~ TI1~ EK8EOr')~ TOU, Eypa<pE moe 11 kunooc npoxeurevou 8a ~01180UOE TTl Bpsrcvto va aVTLIlETwnioEL EX8pLKE~ VaUTLKE~ ~aOEL~ OTI1V cnevcvn oX811 VOTLa napaAAI1Aa TI1~ MLKpa~ Aotoc Kat TI1~ Lupia~. Kat Ka8w~ 11 Kunpo~ ~pLoKoTav OTa ~pETaVLKa XEpLa, 5EV IlnOPOUOE va XPl1OLilOnOll18Ei evovrtov TOU~. «Ano otoatuaTlKr']t; anoumc TJ Kuruxx; eixe pe.A.AoVTlKr'] a{ia ox; VaUTlKr'] «cu otoatuanm {3aoTJ ... Enelor'] ta ouutpeoovta pat; otti MtoTJ AvaTO.Ar'] tueavo va teeoov oe Kivouvo av Ol Feouavol «ataipepouv va surmonoouv tnv etuopon TOUt; otnv Touoxia, TJ aiia rTJt; Kcnoou iotac, ouucxova ue tnv anol/lTJ rou levlKou Entre.Aeiou, va auliavetcu napa va .. esatttaverai oro pt.A.Aov».

1912-1915

Twpa oc neue rno rnoe OTO XPOVO, Kat a~ 50UIlE avaAuTLKa TL nocvucn napouOLa~ouv ro ~pETavLKa eyypa<pa YLa TI1V npWTI1, 8a EAEya npaYllaTLKr') «xallEVI1 EU«noto» YLa 'EvWOI1 TI1~ Kurtpou IlE TI1V EAAa5a TO 1915.

«Tov OKrw{3plo rou 1915, orov TJ KU{3tPVTJOTJ rou K. Asquith nooonaeooce va tteiaei tnv E.A.Aaoa (tote {3aol.Aelat; tttav 0 Kiovotavtivoc) va taxee! oro ttseuoo rTJt; Iep{3iat;, TJ ottoia rov «aipo eseivo atteiseito ue elo{3o.Ar'] ana rov ex8po, 0 Aoo~Ot; Grey nooooeoe tnv Kunoo oixwt; «auia seoueuon toe owpoooKia otnv e.A.ATJVlKr'] KU{3tPVTJOTJ yLQ va rout; xataeeoe, va eKn.ATJPWOoUV tic oup{3aTlKtt; rout; unoxpewOelt;. Aum TJ nooooooa eixe vivei oixwt; rTJ vvtaot; r'] tYKPlOTJ rou Ynouovucou Iup{3ouMou,Kal ue tnv tYKPlOTJ uovaya ooiouevav TpTJparapxwv Ol onoioi ntav aueoa avaueuetvuevoc Euruxwt; anoooicenxe ana tnv KU{3tPVTJOTJ TOU K. ZaiPTJ, «a: etoi avaKOlVw8TJKe oro KOlVO{3oU.Alo ttox; TJ ttpooaooa eixe «ata ouvetteia .Ar']{el».5

25

Ano THN ENOIH ITHN KATOXH

H npoooopc e[xe y[vel ana TO Aop(5o Grey KQl 0Xl ue HI vvroon rl tYKPlOTl TOU Yrtoupvucou LUIl!3oUA[OU rnc Bpsrcvtcc, KQl OIlWe;, av Tl eAATlvlKrl KU!3tPVTloTl (5exorev, Tl Kunooc 9a e[xe eveaet us TTlV EAAo(5a ...

Tc.i>pa ac; (5oul!e ruo aVaAUTlKO TO rtcpuoxnvto KQl npooxnvro rnc «xalltVTle;» sxelvnc eUKQlJ,:iae;. H ortoto OVTWe; e[xe y[vel (n npooeopo) (5[XwC; TTl vveon KQl tYKPlOTl TOU Ynoupvucou LUIl!3oUA[ou.

1915

KaTO TTl (5lopKela TOU OKTW!3p[OU 1915 e[xe (5TlllloupYTlge[ utc noxu xotoum xorccroon OTa BaAKOVla. Mla vee elo!3oArl rnc AUOTp[ae; OTTl Lep!3[a e[xe apx[oel Kal nrnv yeyovoe; rtcoc, av (5ev t(5lvav cueon !30rlgela OTTl Lep!3[a, Tl rexeuroto nruv KaTa(5lKaolltvTl. Klv(5uveue va rteoei OTa xtpla TWV Ksvrpucev ~uvollewv Tl Ol(5TlPO(5POlllKrl ypalllli) npoc TTlV KWVOTaVTlVOUnOATl KQl OAOKATlPTl Tl neplOXrl rnc NOTlOavaTOAlKrle; Eupc.i>nTle; ... Ft' aUTO nrov encvovxec va netoouv TTlV EAAo5a va evege[ ue TOUe; LUIlIlOXOUe;. H [(5la rtpooevvton e[xe vlvst eK ueoouc rnc Bpstuvlcc KQl npoc TT] Pouucvtu, AUTrl nrov KQl Tl ernorum !3peTaVlKrl nOAlTlKrl OTO 9tlla, ue oxono va OTe[Ael orporeouorc (200.000)KQl ue OTOXO TTl (5laO<pOAlOTl TWV eAATlVlKc.i>V !3opelwv cxrev TOU Alya[ou KQl rnc 8pOKTle;:

Hrcv Xomov oe ourn TTl <pOOTl TWV yeyovOTWV, nou svrveuro eVTeAc.i>e; vee npoOtYYlOTl. ~TlAa(5rl: «Tl!3peTavlKf) KU!3tpvTlOTl va rtpocoeper TTlV Kurtpo OTTlV EAAo(5a uno TOV opo Ol 'EAATlVee; va eveaouv ue TOUe; LUIlIlOXOue;». AUTrl Tl rtporcon rtpo<pavc.i>e; nrov e~ OAOKArlPOU (5lKrl TOU K. Ronald Burrows 0 onoloc (5laTeAouoe Principal TOU KOAAeyiou King, evcc OKATlPOnuPTlVlKO <PlAtAATlvae; Kal srnotnatoc <p[AOe; TOU Bevl~tAoU.

LUYKeKpllltva one 13 OKTW!3p[OU 1915 typa<pe 0 Ronald Bu rrows:

«EKrOe; ana tnv enuiovn uac va otetsouue ueva)» aoieuo otoateuuatosv ora BaAKavla elO'1yrye'1Ka «cu tYIVe anooexm '1 eionvnor; uou ana to Seton-Watson, tva OXtOIO va ~eO'1KWOOUJ.le tnv xoivt; YVWJ.l'1 otnv EAAaoa. 0 Ku/3epvryr'1e; tnt; Kunpou ea ettoiove OO'1yiee; va evnueoooei rov ApXlenioKono «cu roue; 'EAA'1Vee;, J.ltA'1 rou IUJ.l/3oui\iou, OT! eiuaate etotuoi va OWOOUJ.le tnv Kuttoo otnv EAAaoa aueoox; Kal va eYYU'1eOUJ.le Yla 10 XPovla Tie; neploxte; nou '1 EAAaoa KtpOIOe ue tn IuveryK'1 rou Bouxouoeotiou, ue J.lOVaOIKO OpO '1 EAAaoa va unei otov nOAeJ.lO napauta «cu oro nseuoo uac. EniO'1e; 0 Ku/3epvryr'1e; ea enaiove neoaiteoio 00'1- viee va /30'1eryOel rov ApXlenioKono Kal roue; cpiAOUe; rou va J.lera/3ouv otnv Aeryva oixwe; «aeuoteonon Kat va naoasaseoouv rov BaolAta «cu tn BOUAry rwv EAAryVWV va oeXroUV tnv ttpootpooa, viati titav J.lOvaolKry «a: note Oe ea enavasausavorav. ea evnueotovotav Kal '1 /3peravlKry tioeoeeia otnv Aeryva va ola/3oUAeueei ue to BeVI(tAO, «cu va O'1J.lOOleueei '1 nooaoooa oe /3eVI(eAIKry ecp'1J.lepioa ttpotou '1

26


Ku{3tpvryary (E}"Ml0ae;) owa£1 tnv anavtnon tnc. H AyyMa o£ 8a eyave ro YOryTPO tnc ue tnv noooipooa autn, viati 8a }..£YOTav OTi ro «avet ylQ va otooet Try X£p{3ia Kal ttaoouoia 8uaia 8a unooouoe va Kav£1 ttooxeiuevou Kal ry Ptaoia, oivovrae; tva a}..}..o uepoc (8essarabia) /\£uKopwaia otn Pouuavia ... ».

Trw [OlO I1EPO l1eTO~l~OOTrlKE OUT~ 11 stonvnon OTOV TOTE Ilpw8unouPYo Tile; BpETOV[Oe;, OlEU8ET~81lKE OUVOVTIlOll I1ETO~U TOU Burrows, TOU Seton-Watson, TOU I\opoou Robert Cecil KOI TOU Ilpw8unoupyou. 'OAOI ~TOV Ev80um00l1EVOl KOI 0 I\opooe; Robert Cecil unooXE81lKE vo rnv rtcoouotcoei OTO Yrtoupvuco ~UI1~OUAlo.6

~lOOOXlKO, one; 14 OKTW~piou 1915, outoc, 0 TEAEUTOioe; (I\opooe; Robert Cecil) ~piOKOUI1E ana TO oPXEio, on EiXE OllI1EHi>OEl KonWe; olocpoponollll1EvO rnv rtporoOil TOU K081lYIlT~ Burrows. 'EYPOlIJE 0 I\opooe;:

-ooeisouue £niarye; va noooeeoouue Try olaacpa}..lary ylQ tnv E}..}..aoa, inc Notiac eoamc ue Try Zuuovt; «cu vupca n£plOXry «cu we; tVO£I~ry tnc £l}..IKpiv£lae; uac oe aura ta eeuata, va Ji£ra{3l{3aaOUJi£ oe autti (E}..}..aoa), MEXPI TO TE/\OX TOY nO/\EMOY, ev naary n£pmTwa£l, rnv IOloKTryaia tnc Kunpou. Mou tpaivetai tuoc, av unopeoouue va naoouoiaoouue otouc E}..}..ryv£e; tnv rueavotnta va ttapouv otnv KaroXry roue; tnv Kunoo aueoox; 8a eivai no}..u mo £}..KUaTiKO ana onoieasnnOTE a}..}..Ee; unooyeoe«; Yla napaxwpryaEIe; JiETa rov ttoseuo»?

~Tle; 16 OKTW~piou OTOA81lKE OTIlv A8~vo TIlAEYPOCPllI1O, TO onoio ~TOV 110AlOTO XElPOYPOcpo TOU Sir EdwardGrey. Ilpocpovwe; EiXE vpoqrrei TO ~pOOU Tile; 151le;. EiXE OTOAE[ YlO EYKPlOll OTOV Ilpw8unoupyo, OTO I\opoo Kitchener, TOV K. Bonar Law (Yeunouovo AnolKlwv), TOV K. Balfour KOI TOV K. Chamberlain. Ertionc, TO E[XE EYKp[VEl KOI 0 BomAEoe; (Tile; AyyAioe;). EOTOAIl OTIlV Asnvo TO ~O~~OTO 16 OKTW~p[OU, 11 cope 1.30n.l1· EmOlll1o[VETOl, OI1We;, on 11 EKOOX~ TOU Burrows, moe TO 0XEOlO TOU OUTO ELXE ul08ETIl8Ei OAOKAIlPWTlKO ana TO YnOUPYlKO ~UIl~OUAlO, ELVOl, nooccvec AOv800l1EVIl I1E TIlV EVVOIO on OEV ELXE OKpl~We; rtopouotocrst svromov TOU YnOUPYlKOU, OAAO, EIXE YLVEl onOOEKTO ana TOUe; unoupvouc ~EXWPlOTO. To ~pOOU Tile; 161le; OKTW~p[OU 0 Burrows ELXE OUVOVTIlOll I1E TO I\opoo R. Cecil I1ETO~u 8 KOI 9 11.11. METO ana 110KPO OU~~TI'1011 OlEU8ET~81lKE KOI OTOA81lKE KOI TIlAEYPOCPlll1O OTOV KU~EPV~TIl Tile; Kurtpou ana TOV Yeurtoupvo Anoucuov, E~oumooOTwvTOe; TOV vo ~Oll8~OEl Til I1ETo~oOll TOU ApXlEmoKonou OTIlv A8~vo ... KOl vo rnsoouv YlO rnv rrporoon Tile; EVWOlle; Tile; Kurtpou I1E rnv EAAOOO.

MtXPl EOW ELVOI OAOCPOVEPO on TO Foreign Office KOI 11 KU~EpvIlOll Tile; A. MEYoAEloTIlTOe;, txovTOe; OEXTEL rnv rtporcon OUT~ ana I1lO E~WTEPlK~ 110AlOTO nllY~, EIXov EVEPY~OEl nOAu vonvopc KOI K08we; nopouoiozovrcn OTO EYYPOCPO TO noov- 110TO, ELXOV EVEPY~OEl I1E OAIl TOUe; Til OUVOI11l, vo TIlV npOYI1OTOnOl~OOUV. FlnpoAO OUTO, 0I1We;, ana Til oxorno TOU K. Burrows OAO ELXOV nOEL OTpO~O. 0 K. Burrows ~EVI~EAIKOe;, nOTE OEV nEpLI1EVE 0 BomAEoe; TWV EAA~VWV va OEXTEL rnv noorcon. 0 ~08UTEpOe; okonoc Tile; npOTOO~e; TOU, ~TOV VO nupOOOT~OEI TO E8Vl-

27


KO oloanuo I..IE TO ortoto rnorsue on 8a OUOKOAEUE rnv KU~EPVIlOIl TIl~ EAAooa~ Kat OTOXEUE, ETOl, va avaYKOOEl TIlV KU~EPVIlOIl va ncoorrneet Kat va srtcvcotoplOEl TO BEVl~EAO. rl' aUTO OEV tl8EAE va yvwoTonol118Ei 11 ElOtlYlloll ourn ornv EAAIlVlKtl KU~EpvIlOIl nporou Eloonolll8Ei 0 ApXlEnioKono~ Kurtpou Kat ETOll..laOTEi Il ouvoosto TOU Kat I..IETa~Ei OTIlV Asnvo. H EAAIlVlKtl KU~EPVIlOIl 8a ertperte va ElOOnomset I..I0VOxa orov Eq>TaVE 0 ApXlEnioKono~ OTIlV EAAooa.

rpOq>El xapaKTIlPlOTlKO Il I..IEAETIl cum: «H Iota ntav 0 ApXleniaKono~ uttootnoi(OJ,leVO~ «a: ttsaiououevoc ana tva eveouoiaouevo nAr'J80~ va utte! otn BOUAr'J xai ue tnv tKcppaaTJ rwv {3a8uiJv oioenuattov va avavxaoei rnv Ku{3tpvTJaTJ va tuuxurTJ8el. Htav tva axtOIO, TJ anotessouattxotnta rou ottoiou oe Ka8e Xerttoueoeia enoette va ruxel rTJ~ J,leyaAurePTJ~ ttpoooxnc, H OATJ unoeeon, {3t{3ala, eivai tva J,leAOOpaJ,la, axeoov, unopooue va nouue, tua KWJ,lwola otteoac. 'OJ,lW~, noavuatt, ta nosmxa otnv A8r'Jva, ouyva uoiarouv ue uesosoauata Kal KWJ,lwoie~ onepac. Auro ttou ttoettet va npooesouue, navtioc, eivai OTi ta ttoasnxa uetoa ttou nnoe TJ {3peravIKr'J Ku{3tpvTJaTJ oev tttav ouuaxova ue auto to axtolo, «cu to OAO axtolo ntav xataotxaouevo oe anotuyia ana rTJ ottvun ttou TJ ttpoocooa elxe J,lera{3l{3aotei aneusetac otnv eAATJVIKr'J Ku{3tpvTJaTJ npotoo nooetoiuaotei to esaooc. Lle yvwpi(ouJ,le roue AOyOU~. 'OJ,lW~, 0 K. Burrows etuuevei ttox; ntav TJ siauaotuoia rou Ku{3epvr'JrTJ rTJ~ Kuttoou K. Robert Clauson ttou sateotpeipe to OAO axtolO, evta ra veaoa J,ltATJ rou Foreign Office ntav avevootoi ttou; ntav 0 K. Grey,,8

(LT'lI..I. a Sir Edward Grey nrov ana TOU~ Aiyou~ nOAlTlKOU~ TIl~ Bperovtoc, nou ovnrtoaouoe TOU~ TEXVOKPOTE~ TOU Foreign Office. Avaq>opo 0' ourov EKaVE TO BBC TOV NOEIJ~PlO TOU 1994).

LUYKEKplI..IEVa, crtovrovroc OTO TllAEypoq>l1l..1a nou rmpe 0 KU~EPVtlTll~ rnc KOnpou Sir Robert Clauson EiXE ypOljJEl (rnv iOla I1I..1Epa 16.10.1915): «Elval {3t{3alo ott onoiasnnote emxoivtovia J,lOU eow (evvooooe TOV ApXlenlaKono) oe 8a ueivet J,lUarIKr'J. To eootnua ettouevtoc ttou yevvltral eivai n 8a ttouue otouc MouaouAuavouc, ttou 01 nepioooteooi elval ouveyox; tuotoi otn {3peravIKr'J Kuplapxia ana ro 1878, etti tto ttkeiotov ex8pIKoi otn onueoivn roupKIKr'J Ku{3tpvTJaTJ, Kal 01 ottoioi tuoteuouv, ttox; «ar» ana eAATJVIKr'J Kuplapxia 8a e~oA08peurouv r'J 8a OIWX80uv eire ue nosinxec eire ue OIKOVOJ,lIKt~ tueoeu; cotta «cu av olarTJPr'Jaouv rTJ {3peravIKr'J roue 18aytvelG ... ,,9

LE vevrxoxovto 0 KU~EPVtlTll~ nrnv OlOTaKTlKO~ va I..IlAtlOEl OTOU~ 'EAAllVE~ Kat Ka8w~ q>aiVETat TO anEq>UYE OAOOXEpW~ ... Eq>OOOV ~piOKOUI..IE moe 0 Sir Edward Grey EiXE 0111..1ElWOEl OE ortovmon OTa apXEia nw~ «a~ to aonoouue ttpoc to ttaoov J,ltXPI va ttapouue attavtnon ana tnv EAAaOa".10

H eusuvn vto TO vouovto, ncvrcoc, ouuqxovo I..IE ro evvoceo, rtpcvucn, ~apaiVEl TO ~pETavo KU~EPVtlTll rnc KOnpou, 0 onotoc apvtl811KE va evnueptocet TOV ApXlEnioKono Kat t8EOE aI..lEOW~ 8El..la MOUOOUAI..IOVWV, etonvove TO 1..I0UOOUAl..laVlKO

28

BPETANIKEI 9EIEII riA THN ENOIH

oroiyelo oc eurtooro ... (ana ~peTavlKr']~ nAeupa~). rlaTi av nooercve va rtcer 0 ApXlenioKono~ ornv ASr']va npOTOU va llaSel TO OXt5l0 11 eAAllvLKr'] Ku(3tpvll0ll, 11 rexeuroto Sa nrov aviKavll va aVTeTte~tASel Kat va ovnuettottloet rnv eSvlKr'] errolrnon Yla sveon.

H APNHTIKH onovrnon rnc EAAa5a~ r']pSe OTl~ 20.10.1915. 0 Sir Elliot (npeo~euTr']~ ornv ASr']va) eixe lleTa~l~aoel rnv elor']Ylloll OTOV A. Za"illll one 17 OKTW~piou. 0 Za"illll~ eixe nsr moe ertperts npdrro va 5el TO BaaLAta Kal OTl~ 20 evemov TOU Pwoou npto~11 OTllV ASr']va etne OTO Sir Elliot moe «KaJ.HCl npooeooa ea uttooouoe va ueranvnoet TT7v eAAT7vlKf/ KiJ{3tpvT70T7 otto TT7 etoT7 TT7e; «cu ttox; ea f/TOV «ataotpocnxo va {3oT7ef/oouv TT7 Iep{3[a». 0 Bpercvoc npto~l1~ pdrmce noaa oUllllaXlKa orporsuucro ~SeAav orn MaKe50via apKeTa vro va 5eXTei 11 EAAa5a va evwSei us TOU~ LUllllaxou~. 0 Za"illll~ crtovmos OTl ooo Kat va eors Avav, Ol apXllyoi TWV ernrexskov TOU eAAllvlKOU orpcrou nrov rterterouevor on Sa tcpTavav cove, e~aAAou rnoreuov on nrov AaSo~ va oroxouv sxst, aAAa ern raAAia, r'] orn MlKpa Aoto, (Or Bperuvol nrov 5laTeSellltvol va oretxouv 000 orporo r']SeAe 11 EAAa5a).

navTw~, 11 ~peTavlKti rtxeupc, napoAll rnv apvllTlKr'] cncvrnor, Tll~ EAAllVlKr']~ Ku~tpvll0ll~, eV5elKTlKa erreusve «n cxoxousnoe «n 5euTepll noooevvton 5[xw~ ollw~ cnorexeouo. Onornv, «n n Bpsrovto tKAeloe TO seuo one 26 OKTW~p[OU ue 5r']AWOll orn BOUAr'] TWV KOlVOTr']TWV, eKStTovTa~ rnv opvnnxn 5laSeoll rnc EAAa- 5a~ Kal AtyovTa~ moe 11 rtpootpopo ourn eixe ma ortoouoaet, vro va rtoooreast aAAll 5r']AWOll , TOU IlpwSunouPYou OTl~ 9 Noell~plou 1915, 11 orrolo tAeye:

«nWC; T7 J10VT7 eooa nou {3peTOvlKf/ nepLOxf/ eixe npoocpepeei oe ~tvT7 OUVaJ1T7, oixwC; va TuXel tuxata OU(f/TT7oT7e; OTO YnouPYlKO f/TOv T7 Kuttpoi; «a: T7 noooeooa eixe vivet oe tapa avaYKT7C;, J1eTa ano ola{3ouAeuoele; J1e TOUe; apXT7YouC; TWV aueoa evoiaaeoouevtov TJ1T7J1aTWV TOU Yttouoveiou E~WTeplKwv» .11

np0(1TTo8£IO YIO 'EvW(1f1 tnc KUTTPOU ue mv EAAo60

rooo «ovr« oAAo roao pOKpIO ..

To 1931 0 EpyaTlKO~ Commander Kenworthy emoKtcpSllKe rnv Kurtpo. EmoTptoovroc rtspooe ana rnv Aanvo «n el5e TO Bevl~tAo one 16 <l>e~pouap[ou 1931. LUIlCPwva ue TO Bevl~tAo 0 Kenworthy TOU elxe net nw~ TO EpyanKo Kouuo nrcv nocauuo va napaxwpr']oel ornv Kunpo ornv EAAa5a, OIlW~, orpnnornxol eurteipovveuovec tcpepvav ovnopnostc vto otoorrrvucouc AOyOU~. 0 Bevl~tAo~ etrte rnoc nrov noosuuoc va napaxwpr']oel rnv AIlIlOXWOTO n aAAe~ KaTaAAllAe~ rortoaeotec, Ila~l ue Kanola IlIAla rtepcrreoto neploxr']~ Yla orporcneco, aep05pollla KTA. us nAr']Pll Kuplapxla ornv AYYAla, va 511lllouPYr']oel errore oxupa xpela~eTo, av TO unoxomo ueooc rnc vnoou 5l50Tav ornv EAAa5a. TOTe, etne 0 Kenworthy, moe OAa to elln05la elxav npoortepcorsl, «n oormos TO Bevl~tAo nors Sa nrov £TOl-

29


1l0~ va 5exn:i TI1V Kunco. a Bevl~eAO~ TOU eixe ortovmoer: «Eou «ave tnv ttootaon Kat ea oete;'».12

Me ro vevovoro ouec TOU 1931 11 evoicn nou nrcv TOOO xovrc, 8a ertperte va nayonOll18e:i Ilexpl va ~e:xaoTouv. «.rTle;' 15 Noep{3piou ea ovtsuettottioet 0 Bevt(tAOe;', (typat/Je 0 npto{311e;') uia KplotJ.111 ouvesoia atn BOUArj. Eivai onocaoiouevoc va eruteee! ae OAO rov Tutto Kat OAee;' Tie;' suvaueu; ttou rov xcrnvoooov ttox; eivat opyavo inc MeyaAl1e;' Bpetaviac».

E5w, naVTW~, 51KatOAOYl11leVa Ti8e:Tal eva ~aoaVlOTlKO eptorruro: Eq>ooov TO <J>e~pouaplO TOU 1931 11 Evoicn TI1~ Kunpou e:ixe erooet TOOO xovro, ue TI1V napaXWPl1ol1 ana TO BeVl~eAO rtpoc TOU~ Bpercvouc Kupiapxwv ~ooe:WV nw~ Ile:OOAa~110av TOV OKTW~PlO TOU i510U XPOVOU ro YVWOTa yeYOVOTa nou OXI 1l0VO voucvnocv TI1V npaYj.l(.lTonoil1ol1 TOU nOAun0811Tou ourou opouoroc TWV EAAtlVWV aAAa TI1V xcreorpeumv overtovcoaerro:

TeAelwvovTa~ TI1V 10TOPlKtl cum ovoeooc, 8a KAeiow us TI1V cvceooc TOU K. Ramsey nueo, 13 Noe:ll~piou 1931 oxe:TlKa ue TI1V e8VlKtl e~eye:pol1 TOU OKTW~piou 1931, «0 BeVt(tAoe;' enavtAa{3e tnv nOAlTlKrj tnc Ku{3tpvl1orje;' too ruoc to Kuttoiaxo npo{3Al1pa rjrav eeua ttou aoooouae roue;' Kunptoue;' Kat tn {3peraVtKrj Ku{3tpv11011 uovo, Kat 0 Ynoupvtx; E~wreptKci)V orjAwoe OTi 11 ouuneoupooa tnc eAAl1VtKrje;' Ku{3tpv11011e;' ntav {3aatoJ.1tvl1 otic oteevele;' unoypeaoe«; tnc Kat nsaiouauevn ue Tie;' cptAtKte;' oxeoeu; pera~u EAAo.oae;' Kat Meyo.Al1e;' Boetavta«. Llev enerpet/Je va xcroresouv oteeavia yta roue;' Konoun»; ttou neeava v. 0 Tonoc eivat ooosaa evavtiov TOU Kat rov «atnvooet aaootosa ... H eAAl1VtKrj Ku{3tpv11011 aupneptcptpel1Ke o.t/Joya ... » 13

'ExovTa~ unottJl1 Til ~pe:TaVlKtl nOAlTlKtl 51alleoou TWV 5e:Kae:nwv Ile:Ta TO 1878 Kat ouuqxovo ue ro eyypaq>a TOU ~peTavlKou 11111l00l0U APXeiou, Ka8w~ ootvsrcr, 11 Bostuvto Kalil q>IAOTOUPKlKr'] TI1~ napaTa~11 eixe em~AI18e:i Yla oxouo ilIa eopc; rl' aUTO Kat xapaKTI1PlOTlKa Tovi~e:Tal nw~ «11 e:AAI1VlKr'] Ku~epvl1ol1 oUllneplq>ep8I1Ke: attJoya ... » ... Enel5tl 5ev erterpeure va «rrorseouv oreecvrc vro TOU~ Kurtptouc nou rtesovcv!l

Be~ata, e5w evrortkouue Kat eva OAAO 10TOPlKO onueto Kal ye:yovO~. 'On 0 rtodiTO~ nou unt5el~e: OTOU~ Bpercvouc va 5111l10UpytlOOUV Kupiapxe~ ~aoel~ OTO t5aq>o~ TI1~ eAAI1VlKtl~ Kurtpou nrov 0 EAe:u8tPlO~ Bevl~tAo~.

Enavepxollevl1 0111 Ol11lePlVtl ernacrporrrro 8a eneonucvn eva onusto. To yeyovo~ on OTI1V A8tlva npcvuon ro nOAlTlKO rtccvuorc etvoi lleA05pallaTa. 'OXI 1l0VO KWIlw5ie~ oneooc, aAAa Yla Ila~ TOU~ i510U~ TOU~ 'EAAI1Ve:~ Tpayw5ie~ rsrotcc 1510- uooetoc nou 5ev nc ~piOKe:l xcvevoc nouaevc aAAou exroc ana TI1V A8tlva KQl Til !\eUKwo[a" ,

30


1912 - 13

ITl~ 7 NOEIl~piou 1931 0 Sir Patrick Ramsey typalfJE OTO Foreign Office, ouec, KOI TTlV E~ti~ ovcoopn: «Ie auvavtnatt uou ue TO BeVl(eAO otic 27 OKTW{3piou, 0 teseutaioc. ae «anoia attvun, uou eine TTW~ oe uou plAouae tua w~ npW8UTTOUP", voc aAAa w~ TTlaTO~ cpiAO~. I'.Kouaa aAAa sev eitta TiTToTa».

EinE OUYKEKpllltva 0 BEVl~ti\O~ OTO BpETav6 npto~Tl: «To 1915 oe.v ntav Ka80- AOU 17 uovn cpopa TTOU 17 KUTTPO~ elxe ttaoooeoeet aT17v EAAaoa. 'DTav {3plaKoTav aTO "ovolvo TO LleKe{3plo TOU 1912 f] lavouapio 1913 (oe euuotav KaAa) eixe TTpOveuuattoei ue TO Lloyd George «cu TO Nauapxo (Admiral) Prince Louis of Battenbourg «cu TO Winston Churchill. 0 Lloyd George elxe oormoe; TO BeVl(eAO tt 8a exave: Av oe aVTaAAaypa T17~ evtoanc T17~ KUTTPOU ue T17v EAAaoa, 17 teseutala 8a eOlve TO olKaiwpa va XP17alpOTTOI178ei 0 KOATTO~ Aovoatosiou (Argostoli Bay) aT17v KecpaAAovla ae TTepiTTTwa17 ttoseuou. 0 Bevl(eAo~ anavtnae Aeyovra~ TTW~ av 17 AyyMa epTTAeKoTav oe ttoseuo aT17 Meaoyelo, 8a onuaive yevlKo TToAeuo, oe ottoia TTepiTTTwa17 17 AyyMa 8a XP17atPOTTolouae oAa ro eAA17vlKa Alpavla. Zf]T17ae Mye~ ueoec; va TO oxeotei. Ie Mye~ ueoec 0 Bevl(eAo~ attavtnae TTW~ oexeTal. (0 Sir Grey oev f]Tav ttaptav aT17 auvavtnan exeivt; OUTe vvtaotnc T17~ au(f]mCJ17~»>.14

1934 - EloljYlJolJ Yla tVWOIJ TIJt; Kurrpou 11£ TIJV EAAa~a aVT/~paO£It; arr6 K£cpaAAoviTIJ - ElolJyljo£lt; Yla tVWOIJ TIJt; Kurrpou 1.1£ TIJV EAAa~a

arr6 TO A6p~0 Strobo/gi

ITl~ 14.11.1934 OTO Aovctvo tq>TaoE Tl mo KOTW ovceooc orto TTl ~pETavlKti npEO~Eia OTTlV A8tiva.

«Exw T17v ttun va aac avcupeoto, TTW~ exel npoxastoe: «anoio evolQcpepov (av «cu 0Xl ooo avauevaue) eva ap8po TOU "opoou Strobolgi TO ottoio 017PoateuT17Ke TTPOoipata eow. ITO ap8po 0 auyypacpea~ "opOO~ eionveitai T17v aVTaAAaYf] TOU Apvootosiou (KecpaAAovla) ue T17v KUTTPO laxupl(opevo~ TTW~ aUTO attaitouv 01 aTpaT17YlKe~ avoxatatase«; Yla TO ITOAO T17~ Meaoyelou. (To apepo ypacpT17Ke aTO eVTuTTo "190~ auavac «cu ueta").

ATTavTwvTa~ 0 yvwaTo~ ITpaT17Yo~ B. Llouapav17~ aT17v eCP17pepioa "Messeger D'Athenes" (TTPW17V ApX17YO~ TOU EAA17VlKOU revixoo ETTlTeAeiou «cu 0 ottoioc «atayeTal atto T17v KecpaAAovla OTTOU (3piaKeTal xcu TO AlpaVI TOU Aavootosiou) e~eipoaoe pia aTTolJJ17 17 anoia npoeavtac avtutpoatoneuei «cu tnv TTAelolJJ17CPia TWV auVTOTTlTWV TOU. EiTTe TTW~ 17 aVTaAAayf] TTOU ela17yf]817Ke 0 "opoo~ Strobolgi eivai aau(17T17Tl anaoasextn AeyovTa~ TTW~ "TO va aAAa(oupe T17V KecpaAAOVla ue T17V KUTTPO aTTAa avnxaeiotooue TO TTpo{3A17pa uetatpettovtcu; TO TTpo{3A17pa T17~ Ke-

31

Ano THN ENnl:H ITHN KATOXH

cpa}.}.oVUle; oe Kunoiaxo npo{3}.'1pa". H Bta'1 rou K. Soucuavn eivtu axoo»; avtusoetavikt; ..

Ano T'1v a}.}.'1, tva a}.}.o aoeoo nou 0'1POateUT'1Ke oto "'EBvoe;" ({3eVl(e}.lKf] ecmuepioa) «cu TO ottoio unovoaipei 0 K. n. Aovuoottousoc «cu 0 ottoiot; eixe imnoetnoei oe OlacpOpee; eeoeu; eni Bevl(t}.oU, uloBtT'1ae olacpopeTlKf] anoum. Kata T'1 OlKf] TOU yvWP'1 '1 npotaon aVaYKaaTlKa eivtu aouvato va npavuatottouieei. 'Outoc tovtte: tuac Sev ntav '1 nototn oooa ttou '1 evioon T'1e; Kuttoou ue avra}.}.ayf] T'1 vounxn Baot; TOU Apvootosiou eixe aU('1T'1Bei. Kata T'1 OlaPKela T'1e; Xuveopiae; oto I\ovoivo ro 1913, orov «at TtB'1Ke '1 eionvnot; Yla nptatt; oooa, 0 Bevl(t}.Oe; eixe oeXTei KarapXf] T'1v lota ouc»; 0 K. Etoei: 0 TOTe Yipunouovoc; E~wTeptKwV ttou {3plaKorav oto I\ovoivo tic ueoec exelvec, etpepe acpoopte; avtiapnoeic, 0 Baat}.lae; Kiovotavtivoc, evtoutoic, eixe e~OUatOOoTf]ael T'1 ouveyun; TWV olanpayuateuoetov. 0 Sir Edward Grey ouox; TOV xaioo eeeivo titav no}.u anaoyosnuevee ue ro Btpa TWV roUPKlKWV attaitnoetov Yla ra vnota TOU Aivaiou «ai TOU ntav asuvato va ttapei anoipaon Yla TO eeua aUTO. H ttpotaori f]pBe, outoc ro 1915, voouuevou '1 E}.}.aoa Ba oetsotav T'1 XuvBf]K'1 TWV Xtp{3wv «cu Ba {3o'1Bouae aro Meya}.o no}.epo orcv 0 Zaiun«; ntav nooesooc TOU Ynouovirou Xup{3ouMou ouox; o Baat}.lae; Ktovotavtivoc T'1v aneoouue.

Xupcpwva ue rov Aovuoottouso, (auvexi(el '1 avaipooa) '1 npa~'1 autn "ntav tittota }.lyor,epo ana tva tYK}.'1pa TO ottoio oxoua otivuaticet T'1 uvnur; rou Baoisu: Kwvorovnvo« Kat o}.oue; eKeivoue; nou auvotovrav pa(i TOU T'1v eIToxf] exetvr;", 0 Apvuoottousoc eneotiuave, enionc, ttox; ue tic olanpaypaTeuaele; TOU 1913 ptXPl ro 1915 tpaivetcu tuoc «cu Ol iou» Ol Bpetavoi yvwpi(ouv tuoc TO «aeeotox; T'1e; Kunpou eivai npoawplvo».15

1941

ME T'lV tvop~'l TOU OEUTEPOU novxooulou rtoxsuou, 'l OTPOT'lYlKTi onuoolo Kat YEWYPOCPlKTi sson rnc Kunpou OT'lV AVOTOAlKTi MEOOYElO OU~Ti8'lKE. Ev TW IlETO~U Ol 'EAA'lVEe:;, OUOTUXWe:;, AOYW oorouevev nccepunveuusvov O'lIlOOlWV O'lAWOEWV TWV BPETOVWV, Eixov mOTt4JEl rtoc usrc TOV rtoxeuo 'l Kurtpoc 80 EVWVOTOV IlE T'lV EAAclOO. Evw OT'lV npovucnxcmru, Ol Bperovol OEV Eixov TtTOlO oxono, Ti IlclAAOV, or OlclCPOPEe:; eorplsc OTO Yrtoupvelo E~WTEPlKWV, KOl nclAl, Em~clAAOVTO 'l uto T'le:; clAA'le:; ... Kat OXl IlOVO. 0 BPETOVOe:; npw8unouPyoe:; nooouuctovet IlE TOV Stalin ..

To seuo YlO TO IltAAOV T'le:; Kurtpou EiXE oU.~'lT'l8Ei ana TO ~PETOVlKO YnOUPYlKO Lu~~ouAlO eric 2 louviou 1941 KOl OUYKEKPllltvo orto TOV Ynouovo E~WTEPlKWV TOTE, OTOV unTipXE Kivouvoe:; Ol rEPIlOVoi VO KOTOAcl~OUV TO vnot, LTO npOKTlKcl exetvo 0 Yrtoupvoc E~WTEPlKWV EiXE YPcl4JEl nee: «EKTOe; ana tic avavxcuomtec

32


TT]~ naoouoac «oiar«; uTTapXel ouvaTr] "prima facie" uTTo8eOT] ylO ENDXH TT]~ KuTTpOU J,1e TT]V EAAaoa».16

H ElOrlYll0ll OIJ,We; ourn TOU Yrtoupvou E~WTEPlKWV TOV louvre TOU 1941, EKIJ,115EviOTllKE IJ,E 5rlAWOll TOU Bperovou npw8unouPYou OTO MANSION HOUSE TO Nosu~PlO TOU 1942, aAACt «n IJ,E ro OUlJ,nEpCtOlJ,aTa TOU YnouPYlKOU LUIJ,~oUAiou nOAtIJ,OU, rnv i5la uepo (2.6.1941) orov Kal OU~l1Trl811Kav 5uo eionvnoerc vto rnv kurtoo. H uro TOU Yrtoupvou E~WTEPlKWV vto evoon rnq kunoou IJ,E rnv EAACt5a Kal uro 5EuTEPll TOU Yrtoupvou Artouaov. H ortocooon TOU LUIJ,~oUAiou nOAtlJ,OU nrov ortoc:

«That the Foreign Secretary should not at this stage initiate discussions with the Greek Government on the Future of Cyprus. If, however, the matter was raised, he could reply that we were prepared to discuss the future of Cyprus with them after the war, as part of the general peace settlement».

MeTacppaOT]: «0 YTTOUPYO~ E~WTePIK6JV OeV npenei oe aum TT] ipaot; va apxiOel OU(T]Tr]Oel~ J,1e TT]V eAAT]VIKr] Ku{3tpvT]OT] ylO TO J,1tAAOV TT]~ KUTTpOU. A v, OJ,1W~, eveoset TO 8tJ,1a, J,1TTOpei va attavtnoei Atyovra~ TTW~ eiuaote 01OTe8elJ,1tVOI va OU(T]Tr]OOUJ,1e TO J,1tAAOV TT]~ KUTTPOU J,1eTa TOV TTOAeJ,10, ora ttsaioia uiac yeVIKr]~ elpT]VIKr]~ 0Ieu8tTT]OT]~» 17

AUTrl 11 ypalJ,lJ,rl ~t~Qla nrcv uto 5lt~050e;, once nrov Kal 11 ouixto TOU Churchill ornv Kunpo rnv 111 <t>E~pouapiou 1943. napanAavllTlKrl Kal AOYW nEplOTCtOEWV EUKalplaKrl 11 onoia E~unllpETouoE TOUe; BpETavOUe; «n Ka811ouxa~E TOUe; 'EAAllvEe; «ocrovroc TOUe; TEAEuTaiwe; OTO nxsuoo TWV npdmov.

Notp6p/oc; 1941

Op/Ala 'EAAl1va npw8urroupyou K. Toou~£pou oro Aov~lvo

To NotlJ,~plO TOU 1941 0 'EAAllvae; npw8unoupyoe; K. Toouoepoc EnLOKt<p811KE TO /\ov5ivo. Ot Bpernvot Eixav napaOKllVlaKCt np(j~Ei OE tVTOVEe; rtcpcoruoetc vto va 508Ei TO unvuuo OTOV K. Toou5EPO va ortoeuve: onorovonrtors 5rlAWOll vto IJ,ETanOAElJ,lKrl 5lEu8tTll0ll TOU Kurtproxou. LTll 5E~iwOll nou EiXE 5loPyavw8Ei npoc TllJ,rl TOU K. Toou5EPOU ana 'EAAllvEe; E<ponAlOTte;, napa~pt811Kav «n a~lWlJ,aTOUXOl TOU Yrtoupvetou E~WTEPlKWV rnc Bpercvtcc, we; ernonc «n IJ,EYCtAoe; apl8lJ,oe; EAAllvOKunpiwv TOU /\ov5ivou. 0 K. Tcoucspoc crteptopooro ava<ptp811KE ornv Kurtpo, rn Bopsto Hrteipo «n rn MaKE50via. H OUYKEKPllJ,tvll ovceooc nou E~OPYlOE TOUe; BpETavOUe;, aAACt evaouotcos rnv E8vapxia Kal TOV EAAllVlOIJ,O rnc Kunpou EiXE we; E~rle;: «Ooauaticoucu uia J,1eyaAT] EAAaoa TTOU va TTepIAaJ,1{3aVel TT] 80PelO HTTelpO, ra LlWOeKavT]Oa, TT] MaKe 00 via «at TT]V KUTTPO».18

napa8tTw oorouevec ana rtc ~pETavlKte; ovncpcoetc:

33


a) «H avcupooa TOU K. Toouseoou otnv Kunoo, TT] Bopeu: Htteioo «cu TT] MaKe~ovia 17Tav axpox; a~laKpITT], xcu eivai eV~eIKTIKO TT]~ tAAell/JT]~ rrOAITIK17~ Kp{aT]~ e« uepoix; TOU. H avospooa aTT] MaKe~ov{a otuoosnnote 8a TOV cptpel oe ~la~lcplallo ue TOV K. Ninchitch, 0 otioioc 8a TO eKAa{3el toe axoua ilia tv~el~T] tuac 0 K. Taou~epo~ ~ev imootnoire. ilia ev~eXOlleVT] BaAKavlK17 ouoottovsia. H avoipooa aTT] Bopela Hneioo etvai e~{aou aTUX17~ Ka8ciJ~ eueie aovoouaote va aU(T]T17aOUlle 17 va KAT]80Ulle va aU(T]T17aOUlle TT] IltAAouaa AA{3av{a «cu ra ouvopa TT]~. OTav 0 Ynouovoc E~wTeplKciJv 8a ~el TOV K. Toousepo txel uttoum TOU va TOU toviaei ttox; T] ela17YT]a17 TOU v,a ilia lleTarrOAelllK17 AYYAo-EAAT]VIK17 IUllllax{a eivoi ttpoosPT] .. H avcupooa TOU otnv Konoo uovaya oe ~uaKoMe~ «cu rrpowpT] e8vIKlaTlK17 t~apaT] unopouv va O~T]Y17aouv, «cu T] avcupopa TOU aTT] MaKe~ov{a IlOVO suosoMe~ atu; EAAT]VO-nOUYKoaAa{3IKt~ oxeoe«; uttoooov va ~T]IlIOUPY17douv .. ». (Ava<popa T'1I1ep. 23.11.1941 a~lwllaTouxou TOU Yn. E~wTeplKwv TT')~ Bpernvloc nou nopa~pt8T')Ke aTT') iSe~[waT')).19

~) 0 Yn. E~wTeplKwv K. Anthony Eden one 3.12.1941 typallJe npoc TOV K. Lioyd Mayne TOU rpa<pelou Artouaev:

«Iu(17TT]aa TO 8tlla ue TOV K. Taou~epo otic 25 Noeuepiou «a: TOU eina ttox; 8a avavxaotouue va eK~ciJaoulle avasoivtoan otnv Kurrpo ue TT]V ottoia va Xeue ttox; ~e vivettu «auia sianoavuateuot; lleTa~u TWV suo Ku{3epv17aewv. Auuvouevoc 0 K. Tooubepoe 1l0U eitte ttox; T] avcupooa TOU 17Tav arrAa oe rrOIT]TlK17 YAwaaa v,a TT] llapTuplK17 EAAa~a aUllrreplAall{3avolltvwv xcu TT]~ Kcnoou «cu TT]~ MaKe~ov{a~. E{rre tuoc ~ev e{xe nooeeot; va rrpo{3aAel TO 8tlla TT]~ Kunoou ttaoa, «cu 8a 17Tav ixavonoinuevoc va TO aCP17ael IltXPI ueta TOV ttoseuo. Tovioe ttox; 01 npovoiec TOU XapTT] TOU ATAaVTlKOU t~waav otnv EAAa~a Ka8e AOYO v,a eveopouvon 'aTO eeua aUTO. ttaoasaxeoa TOV K. Toouoeoo va unv «ave: aAAou~ utuuvivuoo; v,a TT]V Kunoo ae ~T]IlOalt~ TOU ~T]AciJael~".20

y) EmaTOArl TOU K. Toouoepou, 'EAAT')Va npw8unoupyou npoc TOV K. Anthony Eden T')llep. 26 Noell~plou 1941 typa<pe lleTa~u aAAWV:

« ... Na 1l0U erutpeipete va avacpep8ciJ uovaya oe suo nueoounvtec, ~{xw~ va txw ttpoeecm va erravtA8w otn aU(17TT]aT] (Yla TT]V Kunoo) TT]V anoia ouuoiovnoaue va ~avavo{~oulle uetattosetuxa. Ia~ ~{vw autec TI~ nuepounviec v,a TT]V iotooia «cu sev avauevta va 1l0U anavtnoete:

1. Tov OKTW{3PIO TOU 1917 (T] nueo. ettoene va 17Tav 1915) T] MeyaAT] Bpetavia ttooteive TT]V tvwaT]'TT]~ Kurrpou ue TT]V EAACl~a ue aVTClAAaYlla T] EAAa~a va utte! aTOV ttoseuo. fjuaTuxciJ~ 0 rors npw8urroupyo~ AAt~av~po~ ZaillT]~ sev elxe TT] yevvalo~wp{a 17 TT]V rrOAITIK17 ~IOpaTiKOTT]Ta eite TOU EAeu8tpioU Bevl(tAou 17 TOU kaavvn MeTa~a, 01 ottoioi aiupoteoo! Ilrr17Kav arov ttoseuo ~[X{J)~ nataoeuara, euruoteuouevoi TO ~{KaIO «a: cpIAeAeu8epo ttveoua TT]~ MeyaAT]~ Bpetavtoc.

34


2. TTJ auutptovia TwV·Ie{3pwv J.1eTa~U EAAo6ac; «cu ltasu»; sxu T70U UT70YPOcpTTJKe OTIC; 10 AUYOUOTOU 1920, TJ ottoia emotoeoei OTO 8eJ.1a 6ixwc; KaJ.1lQ aT7oAuTwC; ou(f/TTJOTJ va eveioetcu Yla J.1elOVOTTJTeC;. 01 MEIONOTHTEI OY LlEnOTE AnO<t>AIIZOYN riA TH MOIPA TON EBNON.

3. Na oac eVOXAf/Ow «ai J.1e uta J.10U a tuyia. Mla avtupooa TOU UT70UPYOU J.10U K. MlxaAoT7ouAOU eXel AOYOKpl8ei eT7el6f/ 0 TeAeUTOioC; eiXe avacpep8ei OTTJ Booeu: 'HT7elpO WC; EAAHNIKH EnAPXIA. Ma(euw UAlKO yw va oac T7apOUOlOOW OAOKATJpWJ.1eVTJ TTJV UT708eOTJ aUTf/».21

I:

H £loljYflOfl TOU YTTOUPYOU E~WT£PIKWV v,a tvwOfl

IlapoAa cure, nrov 0 i5l0~ 0 Ynoupvoc E~WTePlKWV A. Eden rtou eixe, Aiyou~ Ilr')ve~ veotrepc eionvnset, oruoc yvwpi~oulle, rnv ... tvwoll rnc Kunpou ue rnv EAAa5a. naTi;

01 r£Pllavol

a AOYO~ nrov Ol repllavoi. Ynr')pxav aVllouxie~ moe 11 Fepuovlo 11 onoto nponayav5l~e svrovc TOTe nee 8a eKnAr')pwve TOV noao TWV EAAr')VWV (Kat 8a napt5l5e npoxsuievou rnv Kurtpo ornv Ku~tpvll0ll «Kou·ioAlYK» rtou eixe eYKa8l5puoel ornv Asnvc), 8a Ktp5l~e t5a<p0~ crnv Kunoo Kat eroi 8a KaTop8wve va rnv KaTaAa~el. Ot APXllyoi TWV ErUTeAeiwv, ouoc, t~Aenav rno npeuo ro npovuorc Kal all<pt~aAAav KaTa nooo Ol repllavoi 8a KaTa<pepvav «rn TtTOlO. nioTeuav Ol APXllyoi TWV EmTeAeiwv nee Ol 'EAAllve~ 5e 8a erteercv oe rsroro nayi5a TWV repllavwv .. (LTllv Kunpo, unr')p~av optouevot rtou eixav rnoreuret nw~ Ol repllavoi 8a TOU~ «aneAeu8tpwvav» Kat 8a rtpovuorortotououv rnv 'Evwoll rnc Kunpou ue rnv EAAa5a.).

H OlliAlal8tofl TOU Bp£Tavo~ npW8UTTOUPYOU

H 5r')AWOll TOU Bpernvou npw8unouPYou, KaTa rn 5lapKela ~lla~ ouixtcc TOU TO Notll~PlO TOU 1942 OTO Mansion House, Kat 11 onoto eruxparnos w~ n uto «n uovn noAlTlKr') IltXPl Kat rnv tvap~l1 TOU aneAeu8epWTlKOU Aywva 1955-1959 nrnv 11 e~r')~:

«Eival cutoipaan TTJC; Ku{3epvTJoTJC; TTJC; A.M. va 6laTTJPf/Oel T7Af/pWC; TTJV a~loT7peT7eW TTJC; {3peTOVlKf/C; Autoxoatooiac. Ita va naoaueoioto 0T70leo6f/T70Te aJ.1cpl{3oMeC; OXeTlKO J.1e TTJV eeaouovn autnc TTJC; 6f/AWOTJC; OTTJ vnoo KUT7PO, eT7l8UJ.1W va ~eKa- 8apiow T7WC; TJ anoaaon KaAuT7Tel etioou «at TTJV KUT7PO OT7WC; Ko8e QAATJ ueoia TTJC; {3peTOVlKf/C; Autosoatooiac. H KU{3epVTJoTJ TTJC; A.M. 6ev npoxertcu va OU(TJTf/-

35


oei uno oieasnnote OUv8rjKee; T'1V eKXdJp'1O'1 T'1e; vnoou oe onoiavbnnote aAA'1 ouvaJ.l'1, KQl aUTO oeV eivai eeua avoucto «ai ttou neplAaJ.l{3aveTQl otic eoacplKte; avanoooaouovec Ol ottoiec ea anooainoeoov OT'1 uetanoseuua; oleu8tT'10'1. 'OJ.lWe;, Oe 8tAW va eKA'1cp8ei ruoc '1 Ku{3tpv'1O'1 T'1e; A.M. napauevei ana8rje; rj ~exva T'1V noootpooa TWV Kunouov ttpoc TOUe; Euuuayouc. H Konooc ea {3o'18'18ei va avatttuyeei.: ».22

(~ne; 8 Noell~piou 1944 Kat 0 EpYOTlKOe; npw9unouPyoe; K. Attlee, K09we; Kat ueTtneLTO one 17 lovouopiou 1945 em~e~oiwoe Til 5t;AWOIl TOU rtpoxoroyou TOU Kat TOVLOe eucovnxc moe «'1 Konooc oev e~QlPeiTQl ano T'1 orjAWO'1 TOU Sir Winston Churchill TOU Noeusptou 1942».23

~TO onueto OUTO, unev9Ulli~w on KLI~epvouoe epYOTlKt; Ku~tpVTlOIl OTIl Bpercvtc OT~V eixe 51lllLouPYIlgei 11 6LoOKennKt; - (~Atne eruovuuo Keq>oAato).

'Eva ap8po rile; «EETIAE» ttav A811VWV

'OIlWe;, OL onueucoerc OUIlq>wVO ue TO ~peTOVLKO tyypoq>o oxenKO ue TIlV eionvnon TOU Yrtoupvou E~WTepLKWV Tile; Bpercvtoc YLO evroon Tile; Kurtpou ue rnv EAA050, 1l0e; ccvecovouv YLO OKOIlO IlLO eooo, rtc 5Loq>opee; 5Loq>wviee; OTO Ynoupveto E~WTepLKWV Kat TO 5LOq>OPO TllrlllOTO TOU. To Yrtoupvelo E~WTepLKWV Kat 0 i5LOe; 0 Yrtoupvoc ou~t;TIlOOV ce tKToOIl TO 9tll0 Tile; 'EvWOIle; Tile; Kurtpou ue rnv EAAa- 50, (ncpoxec rtc 5rllloOLee; 5IlAWOeLe; TOUe;) xororuv Kat KonOLOu ap9pou nou 511110- OLeuTIlKe one; 17.12.1940 ornv eq>llllepi50 TWV A91lvWV «E~TIA». To op9po ~IlTOUoe ana TO Yrtoupvelo E~wTepLKwv vo uexernoei cosopo rnv eKxwPlloll Tile; Kunpou ornv EAAa50, Kat oVOq>epOTOV OTO e9VLKLonKO oi091l1l0 TWV EAAt;VWV OTIlV Kunpo YLO 'EVWOIl. 'ETOL ~Atnoulle IlLO eOWTepLKt; nopOTpO~IlYlltVIl 5L05LKooio OU~IlTt;oewv YLO TO 9tll0 OTO Yrtoupvelo E~wTepLKwv, IltXPL nou 0 Yrtoupvoc «uioaeret» Til 9tOll Tile; «Ecrloc» ue TIlV eLOt;YIlOt; TOU one; 6 louviou 1941, tOTW KOL uno TO q>we; Tile; YePIlOVIKt;e; oneIAt;e; YIO KOTOAllljJll Tile; Kunpou. Mlo eIOt;YIl- 011, nou, unooTIlPI~OTOV Kat ana TO YVWOTO rtopcpmuc TOU Yrtoupvelou E~wTeplKWV YIO crtoecoeic lyvwlloTeuoele; YIO 9tlloTO e~wTepIKt;e; nOAITIKt;e;, Chatham House.24

To ruo KOTW onuekouc elver XOPOKTIlPlonKo TWV 510q>opwv ortoipetov nou OVTOAAaoooVTOV TO 5100TIlil0 exetvo. Ana TO xeluevo OUTO 0 oVOYVWOTIle; ovnAoll~aveTat ~eKo90po KOI TO nwe; t~Aenov, OTO Yrtouoveto E~WTePIKWV TOUe; OUv05tAq>OUe; TWV OTO rpoq>eio Artousuov.

(MeAeTWVTOe; TO tyypoq>o ouxvotxw OUVOVTt;OeL' TpL~te; Kat svrovsc 510q>opte; cnoueev OXI 1l0VO lleTO~U Yrtoupvelou E~WTepLKWV Kat rpoq>eiou Artotxuov, OAAO, Kat lleTO~U TWV 15iwv O~IWIlOTOUXWV TOU Koge TIlt;1l0TOe; ~exwpLoTO. npoYllo rtou

36

BPETANIKEI 0EIEII riA THN ENQIH

ev5uvallwvel TT'1V cnoipn, nee, 11 5LKr'j Ila~ nAeUpa xelpioTI1Ke KaSOAI1 TI1V tK!3aOI1 TWV npaYllaTWV, TO OAO Stlla eVTeAw~ erunoxoic, ~tVI1 KQl aOxeTI1 us TI1V eAaXlOTI1 xaplOllaTlKr'j rtooortcaero eKlleTaAAeUOI1~ «rrccrcoeev ... I' aUTO TO onusto evromtercn KQl 11 ~l1llla nou exove OTO eSVlKO ~r'jTl1lla 11 ouvepvcolc TOU AKEA us TOU~ Bpsrcvouc. «H aTTot/J~ pou eival TTW<; eire TTpeTTel va perarpet/Joupe rnv Kunpo oe iua aT]paVT!K~ /3aaT] KaT! TTOU ea nooeet TTOAU oaTTaVT]pO, ~ va owaoupe tn vnoo atnv EAAaoa ue avraAAaypa va uac TTapaxwp~aouv rov KOATTO inc Eouoa<; em evoisua Yla /3aaT] Yla ro IroAo inc Meaoyeiou. MaAAov TTpOT!PW m oeuteon AUaT] viati ea uac owael eva teseu: cpualKo AlpaVI Kat eva CPIAIKO Aao, ue avraAAaypa iua vnoo oixw<; cpualKa otoanomxa nseovextnuata «cu tva eXePIKO TTAT]eUapO, TTOU ola~lcpi(eral auvexw<; ue eva KaeOAOU CPIAIKO voaqeto ATTOIKIWV, ro onoio oaivetoi va naiovei pta KaKo/3oUAT] IKavOTToiT]aT] ue TO va a va/3aAAel rT] AuaT] ae tetoia TTpo/3A~para ue tnv evtutuaan TTW<; ea avnxataotnoei rov APXleTTiaKoTTo». (Il1lleiwol1 oe tyypaq>o TOU Yrtoupvetou E~wTeplKwv (Foreign Office npsp. 21.1.1941 }.25

Mla aAAI1 onuekoon Yla TO i5l0 seuo OTOV i5l0 q>aKeAo TOU Yn. E~wTeplKwv us nusp. 13 Moprtou 1941 AEel:

(( ... Llev tuateiu» OT! eival 0 KaraAAT]Ao<; Kalpo<; va (T]r~aoupe rT] yywPT] rwv ApXT]Ywv rwv EmreAeiwv yta ro eeua. oote xcu ea aoeoei «cu TTOAU av (T]r~aoupe rT] vvtaun touc yta eKXWpT]aT] me KUTTPOU otnv EAAaoa. 'Ouox; aupcpwvw TTA~PW<; pa(i aac TTW<; av eyouue oxono va «oatnaouue tnv KUTTPO nee TTe I va tnv a~lottomaouue. Eixape eionvnee! KaT! tetoio TTepiTTOu eva XPOVO TTPIV tnv evap~T] rou noseuou aAAa aTToppicpeT]l(e ue rT] olKatOAoyia TTW<; ra e~ooa Yla rT] oT]ploupyia uiac VaUT!K~<; /3aaT]<; atnv A vatosint; Meaoyelo Yla ro IroAo inc Meaoyeiou ea tttav rou ut/Jou<; rwv £25.000,OOO,0T]Aao~ eAaXlara tteoioooteoa aTTO oaa uac arolxi(ouv onuepa OUO ueoec TOU ttoseuou .. ».26

TeAlKa, oruoc avaq>EpSI1Ke ruo rtovto, ernxpornce 11 5r'jAW0I1 TOU npwSunoupyou TO Notll!3PlO TOU 1942 KQl 11 stoll OTO Ynoupvslo E~WTeplKWV, rnoc, 5ev ertpsrte va !3laoTouv va rtpoooepouv TI1V Kurtpo OTI1V EAAa5a. Teroto evepveio Sa uekove TI1V a~lonptnela TI1~ Bpercvtcq.

KQl unr'jpxe 0 Kiv5uvo~ va eKAI1q>Sei, cuueevo us a~lWllaTOuxou~ TOU Yn. E~WTePlKWV, OTl 11 Bpernvto evepvsl 5ixw~ ouvertero KQl navlKo!3Al1lltVI1 ..

Ie TeAlKr'j cvcxuon, rtcvrec, nrcv 11 cnoecon TWV ApXI1Ywv TWV EmTeAeiwv nou sruxpornoe, (w~ ouvr'jSw~) KQlI1 ortolo rcuntorcv ue exetvn TOU npwSunoupyou ...

Tcuroxpovo Ol Bperovot npoE!3Aenav nee us TI1 Ar'j~11 TOU noxeuou xcnoio eSvlKlOTlKr'j e~tyepol1 eK uepouc TWV EAAr'jVWV Sa nrov ovcrtocsuxm. KQl Sa srtperte va

.

cvnuerorncret ue crtoecotcnsornru ... 'ETm npoKaTaAa!3av TI1V KaTamaOI1 ue TI1V

nepl!30I1TI1 KQl Kouq>la ~laoKenTlKr'j. Me KUPlOU~ oUllllaxou~ TOU~ KOIlIlOUVlOTE~. Touc ortolouc ana TO 1941 eixav !30I1Sr'joel va vouurortomaouv ..

37

Ano THN ENflIH ITHN KATOXH

H uupcpwvia Stalin - Churchill

H crtoecon rouBpercvou npw8unouPYou OIlWe;, (TOU Noell~p[ou 1942 Kat Tl onoto EnLKPOTTlOE) E[XE KQl KonOlo OAAO nopooxnvio. LXEBov 11 Il11VEe; opvorepo, TOV OKTW~PlO TOU 1943, 0 Churchill E[XE KAE[oel IlUOTlKll ouuqxevto ue TOV Stalin Iltow TOU Anthony Eden 0 onoloc E[XE EnLOKE<p8E[ TTl Mooxa. H onoto ouuqxovto EiXE EnLOTlllOnOlTl8Ei oovorsoo OTTl rlOATa Kat n onoto tAEYE nwe; IlETO TOV noxsuo, ro BaAKovla 8a ro 1l0lpO~ovTav Ol MEYOAEe; ~UVOIlEle;. H EAAoBa 8a nnvorve OTTl Bperovlc, Tl BouAyapia OTTl LO~lETlKll 'EVWOTl. ME cnorexeouo va xoroorpeure: 0 Stalin TTl BouAyapia Kat TTlV avaToAlKll EupwnTl Kat Ol Bperovol Kat upvorspo Ol Aueprxcvol va EKIlETaAAEuToUV TTl BUOIlOlPTl EAAoBa OTO enoxpov ... 27

(H rrooooolc TOU Churchill OE ~opoe; rnc EAAoBae; KQl Tl axaploTia TOU rtpoc TOV EAATlvlollO tXEl ~a8lte; pi~Ee; Kat OPXLOE nOAU rtpiv TO TtAoe; TOU noxsuou. rla va TTlV EYKaTaAEi!JJouv Ol Bpercvol TEAlKO TO 1947 (TTlV EAAoBa) AOYW olKOVOlllKWV npO~ATlIlOTWV, OE Illa TpaYlKll KaTOOTaOTl ell<PuAloU ortopnvuou, OTTl oectoo EnLPpOlle; TWV Auspuccvdrv. Mla KaTOOTaOTl EIl<PUAlOU oncpovuou nou 0 iBlOe; Kat Ol orpcmvot TOU eusuvovrov. Mla KaTOOTaOTl rtou EiXE 1'1BTl npocuuetovncer TO 1943 IlE TOV Stalin, nooeroiuozovruc TO tBa<poe; vto TTl lleTanOAelllKll TOUe; 1l0lpamo TWV BaAKaviwv. 'ETOl e~eUTeAioTTlKe Kat YOVOTloe n EAAoBa uerortoxeuucr, Me tvav npooxeBLaolltvo ell<PuALo ortoocvuo ~peTavoILTaAlvLKlle; ouuqxovtoc ... ).

'ETm <pTOVOUIlE OTa IlETanOAElllKO XPovLa, KQl OTTl ~LaOKEnTlKll TOU 194 7 (~AtnE 0XETlKO KE<pOAatO).

«01 rrluT~i IJac; UUIJIJaxol 01 TOUPKOI»

napoAATlAa ue nc rtcoovceeoaetosc BTlAWOEle;, 8tOELe; Kat cvnncocaeoerc, oruoc aKpl~We; Kat TO 1930/31, ro ouueecovro TOU TOUPKLKOU ccnLOTOU» OTOlXEiou BEV Eixav nopopeproret, LUXVO EiXE npoTax8Ei ruoc: «EvWOT7 J.1.€ TT7V EAAooa ea anuatV€ TT7 €YKaTOA€Il/lT7 TWV cpiAwv uac, TT7C; tturtnc J.1.0uoOUAJ.1.aVIKf/c; KOlvoTT7Tac;, «cu T7 ottoia apteue! TO tva 17tJ.1.17TO TOU 17AT7eUOJ.1.0iJ. H EVWOT7 ea tX€1 xataotpocnxa a170T€AtOJ.1.ara OTT7 oloiKT70T7 .. », 28

To ~'7pof/JiJcplupa Yla T'7V evoan T'7C; Kurrpou p£ T'7V EAAa~a

LTle; 4 AUYOUOTOU 1941 0 Ilposopoc TTle; AllepLKlle; Roosevelt KQl 0 npw8unoupyoe; me Bpercvtoc eixav erourcoet Kat avaKOlVWOEl TIlV neotenun LUIl<Pwvia TOU ATAaVTlKOU Tl onolc nEpleAoll~avE 8 ~aoLKte; Apxte;, us nc ortolec 0 KOOIlOe; 8a t~AEne KaAuTepEe; uepec. (LTTl cuucoivtc cum elver rtou eixe ava<pEp8Ei Kat 0 'EAATlVae; npw8unoupyoe; K. Tooucepoc OTTl OU~IlTTlOll TOU IlE TO Bpernvo Ynoupvo E~wTepLKWV K. Anthony Eden TO NOtl1~PlO TOU 1941). MeTa~u ourev TWV APXwv

38


nrov Kat TO ~LKaloo~a A YTOflIA9EIHI, Kat TO ~LKaloo~a KoBe tBvou~ va ~LaAtyeL ~OVO TOU, TOV rpono TIl~ ~LaKu~tpvlloTi~ TOU. TIlV 111 lavouaplou 1942 11 Iu~q>oovia TOU ATAaVTLKOU tYLve naYKoo~loo~ ~eXTTi. ntpav TOUTOU ornv OTL~ 26 louvlou 1945 OTO San Franscisco urtovpcerrpce 0 XOPTIl~ rev Hveuevev EBvwv, OL ApXt~ curse crtorexeocv TO Be~tALo AlBo TIl~ unOOTaOIl~ rtov H.E. Enloll~, OTO XOPTIl rtov Hvoo~tvoov EBvwv e~q>aVTLKo elxe ou~nepLAIlq>Bel Kat opBpo, TO onolo KCAunTe TL~ xwpe~ eKelve~ nou ~ev elxav rtoper rnv ave~apTllola TOU~. Me TO opBpo aUTO OL xwpe~ ~tAIl rev Hveuevtov EBvwv unoxpewvovTav va Ot~OVTat TOU~ nOALTLKOU~ rtoaouc rev eBvwv exetvev nou TiBeAav va ortoxmoouv nATiPIl ave~apTllola. H ~peTavLKTi BOUATi elxe emKupwoeL TL~ npovoiec exelvec, KaBw~ Kat TO XCPTIl rev H.E. YLa TO oe~ao~o rev AvBpoonlvoov flLKatoo~CTooV. ApYOTepa Kat ou~q>oova ue TL~ npcvoiec TOU XCPTIl rev Hvousvtov EBvwv 11 Bpercvlo napaxwpnoe ave~apTllola ornv Iv~la, rnv KeUAovll Kat TIlV Bououo, Tourojpovo ~e, ue rnv nOALTLKT] rev ~uo ~tTPooV KaL ~uo oroauev, elxe ~IlAWOeL nee -xovevo tBvo~ ~ev urtoxpeourcr va rtcpouelvei orn ~peTavLKTi Koivortoxrreto evovno orn BtAlloTi TOU» ).29

OL 'EAAllve~ TIl~ Kunpou, ev TOO ~eTa~u, txovTa~ OAa aUTO unourn. Kat aKpl~w~ oruoc elxav npo~AtlJJeL OL rtcvooeot Bpernvot, elxav evrovo avamu~eL ro eBvLKc rev atOBTi~aTa. Kat ~LKaLoAoYIl~tva, tAm~av nee 11 Kunpo~ ue Til «vee TO~Il» rtpcvucnov, elxe eAnl~e~ va evooBel ue rnv EAAo~a. n' aUTO OL EBvLKoq>pove~ KaL 11 AUToKtq>aAIl OpBO~O~1l EKKAllola TIl~ Kurtpou ~e ~tXTIlKav Til ~peTavLKTi npoceopc ~tooo TIl~ flLaOKenTLKTi~. Tcuroxpovo, O~oo~, omoc ypoq>oo Kat OlO Keq>oAatO YLa Til flLaOKenTLKTi, Kat .OL Bperovot elxav oxoruuo erouiooret va nporslvouv ~eTC TOV nOAe~o ro ccflLaoKemLKO» lJJlxouAa, YLa va npOKaTaAO~Ouv TL~ KLvTioeL~ rev EAATiVooV.

0, AIl£P'KQVoi

OL 'EAAllve~ TIl~ Kunpou, elxav evcrtoseoer ~t~aLa nOAAt~ eAnl~e~ OTL~ Hvoo~tve~ noALTele~. OL A~epLKavol TO 1947 elxav KUKAoq>opTioeL tva tyypaq>o TO ortolo avaq>tpovTav OTL~ avaKaTaTo~eL~ OTa BaAKovLa Kat TO onoto OxeTLKO ue rnv Kurtpo tAeye ro oxoxouac:

«BAerrOu/-Ie ro eeua inc Konoou we; eva eeua rrou ttoenei va Au8e{ ue 6l/-lepf] aU/-Icpwv{a /-Iera~u EAM16ae; «ai Baetaviac. 'D/-IWC;, euek; ttpotiuocue tnv evioot; r17C; Kunpou ue tnv EAAa6a av tetoia eKxwP17a17 uttooei va 6leu8er178ei ttooc txavottoinon auqotetxov rwv xwpciJv «ai acpou A17CP8ouv urrol/J17 17 avaYKaia aaoaseu: «ai ra vouuia ueoa eTTlKOlVWviae; otnv A vatosua; Meooveio Ka8ciJc; «ai 17 ttpootaaia rwv aU/-Icpepovrwv rou /-117 eAA17vlKOU rrA178Ua/-lOU ato v17a{».30

H ~TiAoooll exetvn TOU State Department elxe Kat aUTTi ue Til oerpc TIl~ oU~~OAeL OTIlV ovorrrepeon TOU eBVLKLOTLKOU atOBTi~aTo~ rev EAATiVooV TIl~ Kunpou KaL ev-

39


5uvollc.ilOeL rnv eAn[50 moe 0 n080e; TWV YLO Evtoon, tcec, va ~PLOKOTOV rue OTI1V Te:ALKrl euasto. OL 'EAAI1Ve:e; Tile; Kurtpou, ouoic, e:Ke:[VO nou 5e: YVWPL~OV KOL IlE:XPL cnuepo OnE:TUXOV va OVTLAI1CP80uv, e:[VOL moe e:Ke:[VOL nou E:XOUV TOV rexsuroto AOYO e:[VOL OL ApXI1Yo[ TWV Ertrrsxeuov Tile; BpETOV[Oe; (Chiefs of Staff) YVWIlOVOe; TWV onokov naVTOTe: e:[VOL E:VOe; KOL 1l0V05LKOe;: H E=ynHPETHLH TON BPETANIKON LYMCI>EPONTON,

AnE:TUXOV OL 'EAAI1Ve:e; Tile; kunoou, srnonc, va KOTOAa~OUV (KOL aUTO LOXUe:L IlE:XPL orurepc), nwe; OTI1 5mAwlloT[0, nOAAa OUIlCPWVO us nc ne:PLOTaOe:Le; urtooouv va Ae:X80uv OTO npOOKrlVLO, OAAa, e:VTe:AWe; aAAO onocpOO[~OVTOL KOL Y[VOVTOL OTO nopoOKrlVLO. AKpL~We; ortec KOL OTI1V ne:p[nTWOI1 Tile; rno neve 5rlAW0I1e; TOU State Department n.x. Evto, 511A05rl, 5111l00[We; TO Te:AeUTO[O e:[Xe: e:KCPPOOTe:[, ue noouno- 8E:0e:Le;, urtep Tile; Evwoewe; Tile; Kunpou ue TI1V EAAa50, e:VTOUTOLe; OTO rtopcoxnVLO e:ixe: 5WOe:L 5LOCPOpe:TLKE:e; 5LO~e:~OlWOe:Le; OTOUe; Bpe:TOVOUe;. LUYKe:KPLIlE:VO TO 1947 TO State Department 000 KOL OL APXI1Yo[ TWV OIle:PLKOVLKwv Ernrsxekov e:[XOV eL50nOLrloe:L Til Bpe:TOV[O nee 8e:wpouv 0111l0VTLKrl TI1V rtcpouolo Tile; OTI1V Kurtpo. Tnv i5LO ortouin OL Aueptxcvol e:ixov eKcppaOe:L KOl oe OUVt5PLO TWV AIle:PLKOVWV OVTLnPOaWnwv OTI1 Mtol1 AVOTOArl rtepl TO TtAI1 TOU 1949.31

(,OIlWe;, OL Apepucovol OUVTOIlO e:ixov OAAa~e:L ortoipn Til 5e:KOe:Tio TOU 1950 KOL UnOOTrlPL~OV TI1V OUT05La8e:011 Tile; Kurtoou. 6.uoTuXwe;, OL 'EAAI1Ve:e; 5ev KOTOp8woov va KPOTrlOOUV ue TO uspoc TOUe; TOUe; AIle:PLKOVoue;. Touc npOAO~OV OL Bpsrcvot., MLO rpoueon 5uVOIlI1, 5[xwe; TI1V· ortoto OU5E:noTe: 11 Bperovtc 80 unopouos va e:m~aAeL Kallio Zup[XI1). Mtoo ono TO ~peTOVLKa evvoceo, rtcvroc, e:[VOL evscoPUVTLKO TO ye:yovoe; O,TL noooxsc nc OpVl1nKte; orroeooerc YLO TI1V nocvuoronotnall Tile; 'EVWOI1e; ue TI1V EAAa50, OL [5LOL OL Bpe:TOVO[ ~piOKW nwe; 5e:v OPVOUVTOV TI1V OArl8e:LO. rVWpL~OV KOL oVOYVWPL~OV moe rlTOV KOL YVrlOLOe; KOl 5[KOlOe; 0 0ywvee TWV EAArlVWV YLO Evoon ue TI1V EAAa50. J1.oxeTo, ue TO aAAO OUllcptPOVTO nou uneorepouocv (~pe:TOVLKa.. TOUpKLKa) .0AAa KOL TLe; Aov800Iltve:e; KOTa KOLpOUe; crtoeccerc YLO TO IltAAOV Tile; Kunpou nou snciovcv OL Bpe:TOVOL.

A~/OUIJ£V tVWOI1IJ£ TI1V EAAa~a

'ETOL 11 E8voPXio one; 15 lovouopiou 5Le:~rlYOye: TO EVWTLKO 6.HMOlVHCI>ILMA ue TO onoto 0 Aaoe; Tile; Kunpou a~iwoe: TI1V 'EVWOI1 Tile; kunoou ue TI1V EAAa5a. 6.UOTUxwe;, 'OIlWe;, KaL e:VW TO 95,7% TWV EAAI1VOKunp[wv LjJrlCPLoav urtep Tile; 'EVWOI1e; us TI1V EAAa5a oUllnepLAall~avolltvwv KaL rteplrtou 800 Touoxoxunouov, orov 11 KUnpLaKrl cvnnoooomtc us emKecpaArle; TO MI1TpOnOAlTI1 Kepuveroc kunorcvo Ile:Tt~l1- xe OTI1V EAAa5a va napa5woeL ovrtvocco TWV TOIlWV TOU 5111l0LjJl1cpiollaTOe;, 11 aVTanOKpLOI1 Tile; MI1TponOAI1e; nrov anoKap5LWTLKrl. 0 'EAAl1vcie; npw8unouPyoe; K. nAaOTrlpae; 5e: 5tXTI1Ke: TI1V ovnnoooortlc, YLa va 1111 5uOapeOTrlOeL TOUe; Bpernvouc. 'ETOL TTlV cvrutoooomto 5txTnKe overncnuo 0 rtpoeoooc Tne; BOUArle; TWV

40


EAA~VWV K. 1:1. rOVTlKa~. Me TOV lOlO rporto otxSrlKe T11V ovnrtpootortelo «n 0 BaOlAta~ TWV EAA~VWV IlauAo~. 0 ortoloc OIlW~, OUO XPovla vcopltepc, OTl~ 28 louAlou 1948 elxe ol1Xwoel OT11v eCP11lleploa «New York Times» nee:

«EivQI OUOKOAO VQ KQTQA0{3£1 KQVtVQC; YIQTi T] Evtoon TT]C; KUT1POU ue TT]V EAAOOQ Sev tX£1 QKOjJQ T1PQYjJQTOT101T]8£i».

XapaKT11plOTlK~ elver 11 anavT11011 nou towoe 0 K. rewpYlo~ Ilanavoptou OTO 1:1~llapXO l\euKwola~ K. eellloToKA~ I:1tpJ311 TOV 10UVlO TOU 1950 OxeTlKa ue TO 1:111110- 4J~cplolla:

«H EAAa~ ovortvset cnuepov ue OUO nveuuovec, TOV usv aYYAlKoV TOV oe ouepixovucov «n Ol' aUTO oev nurropet AOYW TOU Kunptoxou va Klvouveuoel va naSel ana aocpu~la».

To ~lJllol/JljcplC1lla yvljC1la «at tYKUPIJ tKcppaC11J TOU KurrplaKou Aaou Kct outoc.

Evw OT11V Asnvo Ol EAAaolTe~ aoeAcpo[ Ila~ TOAIl11oav ev Iltpel va ovvoncouv TO M11TponoAlT11 Kepuvstoc Kurtptovo «n T11v ortoocon TOU Kurtproxou EAA11VlOIlOU unrnoc «n exveuptcrouv Ol Bpsruvot K11oellove~, rrooccorcouevor TOV Klvouvo va rtesovouv ana «aocpu~la», OTO Aovolvo oi lOlOl Ol Bpstnvol OTO rpacpelo ArtoiKlWV avayvwpl~av TO 0111l04J~cplolla w~ T11v nPArMATIKH EK<I>PA~H TOY KYnPIAKOY I\AOY. ~Tl~ 25.1.1950 Illa 011llelw011 T11~ a~lwllaTouxou TOU rpacpelou Artotxucv Mary's Fisher, Kat nou Sa rtpsrtet va vroornctei Kat va yovaTl~el KaSe YV~OlO EI\I\HNA ypacpel ro e~~~:

«EIMAI ENANTION OnOIOY.lJ.HnOTE - EITE AYTO EINAI TO STATE DEPARTMENT H OnOIOX.lJ.HnOTE AAAOX - ttov' IXXYPIZETAI nox TO .lJ.HMOI.JlH(JJIXMA .lJ.EN MnOPEI NA nAPOYXlAXTEI ax ANTlnpOXDnEYTIKH EK(JJPAXH TDN EnlBYMION TOY KynPIAKOY AAOY, AAAA EIXHiOYMAI NA MH AEXBEI KATI TETOIO neoz TO nAPON, MEXPI NA MABOYME not« TAKTIKH BA AKOAOYBHXOYME ANA(JJOPIKA ME TO .lJ.HMOI.JlH(JJIXMA».32

H Mary Fisher, ortovrouos oe unvuuo T11~ J3peTavlK~~ npeoJ3ela~ OT11 Washington, 11 ortolo eloonOlouoe TO rpacpelo Artoucuov rtec xcrtotoc Auepuccvoc a~lWllaTOuXO~ TOU State Department elxe eKcppaoel T11v an04J11 moe av meorst TO runuo TOU vto TO 1:1111l04J~cplolla, Sa ernxcxetro moe «TO OT]jJOI/lf}qJIOjJQ Sev QVTIT1POOWT1£U£1 uta tYKUPT] tKqJPQOT] TWV £T1I8UjJIWV TOU KUT1PIQKOU AQOU».

«EivQI OTPQTT]YIKOi 01 AOYOI T10U T] 8p£TQviQ O£ OtX£TQI TT]V Evioon TT]C; KUT1POU ue TT]V EAAOOQ» Of}AWV£ KQI tVQC; OAAOC; QVWT£P0C; Q~IWjJQTOUXOC; TOU Fpoipeiou AT10IKIWV, 0 K. Fletcher Cooke.33

41


TN' ".,M. MINt.,.. .. otr OA •• CI

ot 0nru·. to Oreeoe .Pinet. her entl')" into the war. UnfortWl&tly the then trb18 JUnlster Alexander Zaiml. hAd not the aenerostty or po11tloal vi810n either 01 ~euthe~ rial VeniBeloB or Johnl1etaxeas. who both ClURG into the war without barsainiD8. oonfident in the JUBt and libera.l 8pirit o~ Oreat Britaln.

, 2. !'h. ~oement between Greeoe and ltal,y or Auau.t 10, 1920. 8ilned in Sewr •• , whloh return. to the ~bJeot without ~ question of ~noriti.B balns rai •• d. Minorit! •• neTer 4.014_ the tat. of nationa.

1 eha.ll shortly importune you with a "grieftr of ffI7 own. A broacloa.t by JI\Y Minister ll.Jliohalopoul08. waD oeneored beoau8e it ._ntioned BotheI'D Epirus .. a a. Greok ProT1noe. lam oolleoting data in order to present the matter \0 you ln a oGmplete to~.

H £J7ItTToAfI TtTou6£pofJ "POt; TOV y". E{lAJT£PIKciJV Tilt; BP£Tovlot; - 1941

42

TptJ.1epf]~ Kat nootooeu; Harding 1955

H StO'l 1l0U 000 oeopc nc «xalltvee; euxcnplec» txel TiO'l OlaTunwSei OTO nconvouuevo 1l0U j3lj3Aio «'ETOl «rrecrceuicv T'lV Kunpo». H npoowmKTi 1l0U ortotpn nrnv (Kal nopouevet) nwe; uovoxo Illa «xalltV'l eu«note» unTip~e OT'lV toropto rnc Kunpou usrc T'lV e~tyepo'l TOU 1931

IltXPl TO 1959. H euxcrolc va un oeXTei 0 ApX. MaKaplOe; TIe; ~ull<pwviee; ZupiX'le; Kat Aovctvou. a ApX. MaKaplOe; unopouce Kat O<pelAe va net TO OXI Kat va orreuSuvSei OTO AaO. b.UOTUXwe;, oev TO tnpa~e Kat etrte TO NAI. Ilporlunce T'lV npoeopia napa T'lV e~opia. E~aKoAouSW va ruorsuo rnoc o<pelAe va nEI TO OXI.

Avncrpcreuoum nc anOllJele; nwe; oev urtopouce va Kavel aAAOlWe;, YlaTi Taxa unTipxe 0 Kivouvoe; me OlXOTOIl'lO'le;. a Kivouvoe; oev unTipxe. YnTipxe 0 EKBIA~MO~. Evcc eKj3laolloe; ouvroviouevoc. Me T'l ouunopoorcon ooiouevev EAAaolTWV, aAAa, «n oorouevev Kunpiwv. To snetxsxro orpcrorteoo TWV Aeyollevwv «lleTplonaSWv» Kat opvorspo «peaAlOTWV». To ovvxoroono sxstvo KaTaAomo rnc ortouaoxoortoc ..

H Bpercvlo oev unooouce va emj3aAel T'l OlXOTOIl'lO'l, OUTe n Toupxln va ... eloj3a~ Ael ce Illa cnoudo T'le; j3peTavlKTie; Auroxpcroptcc) AAAa 0' aUTO cvceepoucr ornv e~'lYw TO ruoc evvoouocv or Bosrnvol T'lV «auToOlaSeO'l» «n YlaTL '000 ooooo oucc, nc nporooeic Harding Ol ortolec ~eKiv'loav TO Notllj3PlO TOU 1955 IltXPl TOV lovoucpto TOU 1956, oev nrov KaSoAou «xaIlEV'l eusmpto». MaAA'Ov xalltvoe; xortocl Kal omAonpoowneiaj xuvtouoc «n oxornuoc eAlYIlOe; TWV Bpsrcvov. Or ortolot ro eixav r')O'l rtpoouuqxovncer ue TOUe; TOUpKOUe;. Ae; ooulle, OIlWe;, TI aKpl~ j3we; eixe rtooerouicoret

Twv rtoorcceov TOU ~TpaTapx'l «n Kuj3epvr')T'l Harding npO'lyr')S'lKe n neplj3o'lT'l T ourspnc TOU Aovotvoi, 'l onoia apXLOe one; 27 AUYOUOTOU 1955 «n tA'l~e one; 7 ~enTe~lj3piou 1955. H cuvsoolo KaTapxr') oev eixe OUYKpOT'lSei elolKa Yla T'lV Kurtoo aAAa vtn T'lV AvaToAlKr') Msooveto «n T'lV Kurtoo. Anoreooc oxonoc, ouoc, TWV Bpercvov, ue aUTO TOV rpono nrcv va encvoeecouv T'lV Toupxlo we; evola<pepollevo IlEAOe; Yla TO Kurtproxo. 'Ornoc Kat tYlve. Me rouroxoovo OXeoov ~Eonaolla TWV ourctnptov Kat j3apj3apwv Tapaxwv OT'lV KwvOTavnvOUnOA'l evavrtov TWV EAAr')VWV one; 6 ~enTellj3piou 1955. Mla j3peTavo-TouPKlKr') oxeutoolo. (BAtne elolKo Ke<paAalo vro nc rcooxec).

43


A vall£voVTat; TOV narrayo va rr£8av£1

Tov KOlPO exetvo 0 orccrnvoc Ilanoyoe; I'JTav l3aplo OppWOTOe; KOl Ol BpeTavoi, rtou eixav KaAte; nAIlPocpopiee; Yla TIlV «rrcorcon TOU, OUOlaOTlKO rteptuevov TO sovoro TOU. 'EAm~av nwe; us rnv aAAayl'J Tile; cppOupoe; ornv ASl'Jva, 11 50uAelo TOUe; Sa vivorov KaAuTepa. rl' aUTO KOl 0 xPOVoe; rtou rtpuvporortomamce 11 rtepi- 130llTIl Toiueonc 5ev I'JTav ruxoloc. Touc cuveeeos va eKj..leTaAAeuTouv rnv «orocroon TOU Ilanoyou KOl ue Til 130I'JSeLQ TOU LTecpavonouAou va neTuxouv, TOUAOXlOTOV, TIlV eloaywyl'J Tile; Toupxtoc ue rnv Tpiuepn. KOl ro KaTOcpepav.

(IlAIlPocpopiee; Ol Bperovot encnpvnv ana TOV A. Mn05000KIl 0 ortotoc ouvepya~orev rtoxu j..la~i TOUe;. BAtne rrcpeveeon OTO KecpOAOlO aUTO).

Erri iOOIt; 6polt; «Equal Footing»

o opoc «srtl tooic opere» 0 onoloc euecvlornse usro TIlV TOUPKlKI'J 130p13apll ei- 0130AI'J oe oXt5la KOl npooxt5la vic «AUOIl» TOU Kurtpicxou, KOl el5lKoTepa oe L.lJIletouorc TWV Hvtouevcov ESvwv, aAAO «cuvxxovroe» emrsxouc I'J ceunvioe KaAUTepa ueptoo TOU Kunomxou EAAllvlOj..lOU Yla TIlV npovuonxn TOU epunvelo (nOAlTlKI'J ioornro 50%-50%) ue TO L.lJI'JCPlOj..la TOU LUj..l130UAiou AocpaAeiae; 649/90 eixe TPOXlO- 5pOj..lIlSei ana TO KaAOKaipl lOU 1955. 0 nnrspcc Tile; 5lXOTOj..l1l01le; Tile; Kurtpou, Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick TOU I3p~TavlKou Ynoupvetou E~wTeplKwv eixe eurnoreunxo KOl xwpie; Til YVWOIl TWV EAAI'JVWV I'J TWV Aj..leplKaVWv, unooxeSei OTOUe; TOUpKOUe; rnv 1l0AITIKH ILOTHTA TON I1YO KOINOTHTON (TO equal footing). Toue; eixe net oe uuorucec enacpte; va unv aVllouxoUv «n Ol IlPOTALEIL XAPTtrK (Harding) eixav LYMIlEPIAABEI TO Eill ILOIL OPOIL (equal footing). KOl 5ev exnve TOU xecpaAlou TOU 0 nATEPAL TWV 5lXOTOj..llKWV oxe5iwv Tile; Kunoou, 0 rtcrepcc Tile; 111- ZONIKHL I1IKOINOTIKHL OMOLIlONI1IAL THL KYIlPOY. APXlKO ertperte va TPOXl05pOj..lI'J0el Til 130011 Tile; MOIPALIAL, vio va 1l0UXOOOuv Ol TOUPKOl KOl ue sxetvo TO 5laXWplOTlKO ororreto va npoxwPTioel ornv erouicotc TWV ouvxexoiuevciv oxe- 5iwv Tile; 5lXOTOj..l1l01le;. TA TOYPKIKA LYMCI>EPONTA (us Til cppaoeoAoy[a «to cuueeoovrc Tile; Bpernvmc KOl exelvo lWV LUj..lj..l0XWV rnc-) one nporcoerc Harding, TA TOYPKIKA LTPATHriKA LYMCI>EPONTA EIXAN E:=ALCI>AAILTEI.

LacptoTepa:

«eo e~outpoAIUTOUV 8tuelC; UTI'/ BouAIj YIO TOUC; TIKu"PIOUC;, 80 "pofJJ8ljuoupe UU{IjTI'/UI'/ TfJJV e/~/KfiJv uxtuefJJv peTo~u Ku"pou KOI EAAa~oc; KOI TOUPKfoC;, ~ev 80 ~eupeu80upe va "OPOXfJJpljuoupe av TO OUTO~/a8eul'/ (1'/ u"OUxeul'/ Y'O ov08efiJpl'/ul'/ ae 5 XPOVIO "poueTt81'/ povov KOI povov Y'O vo e~outpoAIUTef 1'/ EAAI'/VIKIj O"O~oxlj) KOI va Tovlu8ef "fJJC;: E~outpaAlul'/ TfJJV TOUPKIKfiJv uuptpepOVTfJJV KOI To"08tTI'/UI'/ TI'/C; TouPKIKIjc; Ku8tpvl'/ul'/C; em fuo/C; OPO/C; pe TI'/V eAAI'/VIKIj Ku8tpvl'/ul'/».

AUTte; I'JTav one 21.6.1955 Ol 05llyiee; TOU Foreign Office npoc rnv I3peTavlKI'J

44

TPIMEPHI KAlllpOTAIEII HARDING 1955

npeo~£ia Tile; f\YKUpae; Yla evnueotocn Tile; TOUpKlKr'Je; Ku~tpVIlOlle; ovcoopucc ue rtc nooeroiuootec Tile; nepl~OllTIle; « T purepouc 6lCloKeljJIle;».

«7. It will be noted that this plan would:

(i) safeguard Turkish interests and place the Turkish Government on an equal footing with the Greeks

(ii) imply no commitment to grant self - determination. (The understanding to review the arrangements after five years has been included in order to make Greek acceptance possible, and also for practical ressons)», 1

nlO OUYKeKplpeva ro oxeOlo ttoovoocae:

(i) E~aocpaAlOTJ rwv touonxov auuipepovttav «a: va reset TJ roupKlKr] Kuf3epvTJoTJ eni ioou; ooou; ue roue; EAATJvee;

(ii) MTJv owoere uttoogeoeic yta ttaoaytaonon auroOlaeeOTJe;. (0 Aoyoe; rrou avacpeper]Kape oe avaeewPTJoTJ rwv oleUeerr]oewv oe nevte XPovla ntav Yla va «ataoecouue roue; EAATJvee;, Kat enionc yta noosnxoix; Xovouc».

Ap£PIKQVIKI1 8t0l1

"Ol Aueoucavo! uac exouv ttpoeioonouioe: tuoc av oev xavouue Karl va ixavonouiaeouue to aimua tnt; auroOlaeeOTJe; ro orroio eeiooettai onua «atatesev ora Hvoiueva EevTJ ea roue; eivai rroAu ouoKoAo va uac unootnoitou«. Elva: naoupavee; ttox; olxwe; aueouaivuc; urroorr]pl~TJ ea avtusetomioouue nrro ornv ievlKr] Xuveseuar»,

(IOU/dOe; 1 955, e~50IlCl5ee; 1l0vClxa rtpiv trc Tapaxte; OTIlv KwvoTavnvounoAIl, Kat TIlV tvap~Tl TTle; Tpurepoucl).

EUVQVTI10'1 ue TOV TOUPKO BIRGI

o Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick one; 26 AUYOUOTOU 1955 eixe OUVClVTIlOTl ue TO r. rpallllareo TOU TOUPKlKOU Yrtouovetou E~WTeplKwv oxenKCl ue TTl 5la5lKaoia rnc Tpiueoouc, TTl ~peTaVlKr'J Kat TOUPKlKr'J seen.

OK. Birgi (r. rpallllaTtae; TOUPKlKOU ynE=) ovceopuci ue Til 5la5lKaoia rnc Toursoouc, 5r'JAwoe OTOV Sir Kirkpatrick nee nrov r'J5Tl ENHMEPOMENO~ Yla nc OKtljJele; TWV Bperovtov, Eixe eVTlllepw8ei ana TO Bperovo EmTeTpalltvo OTTlV 'AYKUpa. ~TTl OUVClVTTlOTl sxstvn 11 ortolo xocmoe Illa wpa, 0 Kirkpatrick Kat 0 Birgi eixav npoouuqxovnoer nwe; 8a ouurtspupepovrcv «n nwe; 8a ovnopouoav Kal note. 0 soercvcc slrts rtoc; OUIlCPwva ue Tle; nATlPocpopiee; nou eixav, 0 'EAAIlvae; Yrtoupvoc E~wTeplKwv emsuuouoe ue aywvia va neTuxel 11 ~uve5pia ... 2 (rla TIe; nxnooeoptec ~Atne rtcoevseon).

45

Ano THN ENtlIH ITHN KATOXH

EUVQVTI10l11l£ 'EAAI1va Ynouov» E~(J)T£PIKciJV

~Tl~ 27 Auvouorou 1955 0 Ton: Ynoupvoc E~wn:pIKti)V Harold Macmillan e[xe auVOVTllOl1 ue TOV 'EAAI1Va Yrtoupvo E~wTeplKwv K. ~Teq>avonouAo. EVTeAw~ 5Iaq>0- peTlK~ 11 aU~~Tl1al1. rpoq>ouv ro npaKTlKO:

«MeTa ra OUV'1e'Of.1tva ee'f.10TUTTIKa ouaimoaue T'1 olaolKaoia ttou ea asosoueetto OT'1V Tousept; y,a T'1V AvaroAIKf} Meooveio «ai T'1V Kuttpo xai '1 anoia ea apXI(e TIC; eovaoiec T'1e; otic 29 AUYOUOTOU. Acpou e{f}Y'1oa orov K. XTecpavonouAo Tie; ttooeeoeic uou, Tie; ottoiec ue f.1eyaA'1 eUKoMa nioteiue, (for which he readily fell in) eUf.1f}e'1Ke tuac ettoene va OUf.1{30UAeUTei TO BamAta naUAO. Me pWT'1Oe av ea ntav suvat« va eTTITeUXeei aosetti nooosoc f.1tXPI T'1V 1'1 XenTef.1{3piou OUTWe; WOTe va ttaei niota OT'1V Aef}va «cu va Oel ro BamAta «a: va eruoroeuiet. Tou eitta nwe; ea f}Tav nOAu OUOKOAO ... ».3

H TpllJep~~ evive. 0 Macmillan Kat 0 Kirkpatrick xorooepcv va ertcvoeepouv TI1V Toupxlo ornv Tpone~a TWV 5lanpaYlJaTeuaewv, w~ ev5laq>epolJevo uspoc vto TO lJeAAOV TI1~ Kunpou, ue TI1V nA~pl1 aUYKaTo8eal1 TI1~ EAAo5a~. 01 noorcoetc Harding ntov ~aOtalJeve~ oro ortorsxeouoro TI1~ Tpiuspouc LlloaKeljJl1~, Kat e[xav nooouuqxovnaet us TI1V TOUPKIK~ Ku~epvl1al1, xwpl~ oIJW~ va eVl1IJepw8el 11 EAAO- 5a. H ortoto 5ev nrov 11 npWTI1 q>opo nou expcrslro oro oxorervo,

Evw n.X. 0 Mn050aoKI1~ nrcv anaaXOAl1lJeVO~ va aUAMyel nAl1poq>opie~ Kat va evnuepove: TO Bpercvo npea~11 ornv A8~va Sir Charles Peake, «n 11 vee Ku~epvnon KapalJaVA~ nw~ va avaAo~el rnv 5laKU~epVl1al1 lJeTO TO 80vaTO TOU nanoyou, 01 Bpercvol svnuepovcv TI1V TOUPKIK~ KU~epVl1al1 vro rtc nporooetc nou 0 Ku~epV~TI1~ Harding eixe 5wael aTOV APX. MaKopl0.4 Kportovtcc novrors evnuePI1 TI1V TOUPKIK~ Ku~epvl1al1 vto aAAaye~ ~ rportortomceic TWV rtporooetov Kat TWV aU~I1T~aewv ue TO MaKOpI0.5

'ooo ceooc TI1V aUT05Lo8eal1, Kat eneL5t'l 01 Bpercvot 5ev eixav unOljJl1 TOU~ va napaxwPt'laouv aUT05108eal1 aTO ouvoxo TOU KunpiaKOU Aaou, srot TO AeKTLKo ortc nporooerc Harding nrov rsroto nou KOAunTe, IJOALaTa us xosoxou 5mAWlJaTlKrl YAwaaa, rc unovoouuevo TI1~ ~peTaVIKrl~ nOAITIKrl~, orov eAeye nee: «'1 TeAIKf} AUO'1 TOU KUnplGKOU npenei va Aaf.1{3aVel uttoun; rtr OTpaT'1YIKa auuoepovra 0XI f.10VO T'1e; M. Bpetaviac aAAa Kal TWV ouuuaytov T'1e;».6 'H511 e~~Yl1aa moe ana TOV louvre TOU 1955 eixav unoaxe8ei TO eni tooic OpOI~.

o ETpaTQPXl1~ Harding

To 1984 TO aVe~OpTI1TO TI1AeOnTiKO KavoAL (lTV) npo~aAe IJIO napaywYrl TI1~ srctotcc Granada Television, eva VTOKllJaVTep vic TI1V Kunpo ue TiTAO «Cyprus - Britain's Grim Legacy) aTO onoio lJiA!laav Bpernvoi Kat EAAl1vOKUnpLOI. 0 Harding

46

TPIMEPHI KAI npOTAIEII HARDING 1955

napa~tXTT'IKE TOTE ana TrW TllAEopaoll nee II Bpernvlc ~EV EVVOOUOE ro rtepl avayvwpioEW~ TOU ~lKalwllaTo~ Tll~ aUTo~laStoEw~ (ortec rnv evvoouoov Ol 'EAAllvE~ Kal ortec ourn ertpsne va evvosrrm j3aoll TOU fllESVOU~ fllKaiou Kal TWV avayvwplolltvwv ~IlIlOKpaTlKwv apxwv xm ~lKalwllaTwv, ~IlAa~r; II nAElolfJll<Pia KUj3Epva Kat II IlElolfJll<Pia cxoxousei). flllAa~r; OUTE II Bpercvlo OUTE 0 i~lO~ nrov ElAlKPlVEi~ orov 0 i~lO~ rtopouotcce nc nEplj3611TE~ «nporcoerc TOU)) oro MaKaplo. ITl~ onolec vivorov cvoeooc vto «cvovveoron rnc apxr;~ Tll~ aUTo~laSEOll~)).

-Htav 60Awpa 11 avaeooa EKeiv11, eitte, yta va 6eAeaooupe ro MaKaptO va 6exreie; tnv autosuseovnon»,

AKPlj3w~ orrec Eixe 0 TOTE npwSunoupyo~ (Kal rtoonvouusvec Yrtoupvoc E~wTeplKWV) Anthony Eden El~onOlr;OEl npoKaTaj3oAlKa TOV TOUPKO 0IlOAOYO TOU Menderes, OTl~ 10.11.1955. Na unv aVllouXEi II Toupsto, Kat II Bperovlo EiXE xnvoViOEl rnv E~unllptTlloll TWV TOUPKlKWV OUIl<PEpOVTWV. To unvuuo rtpoc TOV TOUPKO npwSunoupy6 IlETa~u aAAwv tAEYE:

«H avaeooa atu; rtpotaoeu; ttpoc ro MaKaptO yta tnv auro6taBeo11, sev etvai rinote clAAO napa pta 6tacpopertKr] tonoeetnon tnt; eeoeo»; nou 6tarunwoe 0 Yn. E~wreptKciJv Macmillan ora ttsaioia tnc Tptpepoue; iltaOKel/J11e;, on 611Aa6r] 11 Boeravia avayvwpi(et tnv aPXr] tnc auro6taBeo11e; aAAa autn sev ecpappo(erat orcv unapxouv yewypacptKoi, otoatnvixo; Kat iliot AOYOt».1

01 801780i «lleTpI0"a8eit; EAA17VOKU"PIOI»

ITO i~lO unvuuo, TO onolo IlETaj3lj3aoTllKE ueoto TOU Bpernvou nptoj311 omv }\YKUpa, vivorcv AOYO~, OIlW~, Kal Yla TOU~ (j3011Sou~ TWV Bpstovev ornv Kunpo) TOU~ AEYOIlEVOU~ «uerprorroaetc». 'EAEYE 0XETlKa:'·

-Na pera{3t{3aoere orov TOUPKO npwBunoupyo ttox; ioox; va P11v unap~et «asureP11 eUKatpia oro peAAov va evioxooouue roue; METP/OnAeE/I Kynp/OYI ENANT/ON TON E=TPEM/ITON Kat on 11 onueotvn eAA11VtKr] Ku{3epv11011 avunouovei va oUPcpwv11Bei pta AU011».8

naptv8eo17

A8avaolo617t; M"06000K17t;

METa~u TWV nOAAwv TtTOlWV ovocopev txw EmAt~El ~UO. Ttc ortotec napaStTw Kat 0 ovcvveornc oc j3yaAEl to ~lKa TOU ouurteocouoro vro TO POAO opiouevev aVSpwnwv (nccrrtorec EmXElPllllanwv AE<pTa~wv) Ol onolot OTO npoOKr;VlO StAOUV va llYOUVTat TWV EAAr;VWV Kat va unc nOUAOUV oxcoro ncrpuonouo.

1) Anoonoouo ana EmoTOAr; TOU E~. nptoj311 ornv ASr;va Sir Charles Peake

47

Ano THN ENQIH. ITHN KATOXH

npoc TOV Yn. E~WTeplKWV ue ovrlvocoo oe OAAOU~ a~lW!.IaTOUXOU~ TOU Ynoupvetou (Foreign Office).

ea tjTav KaAo av £~acpaVl{6Tav 0 naTToyoe;

a ... MeTacpepovrae; TTJ aU(f}TTJaTJ oro eeuo TTJe; uveiac rou npw8urroupyou (ttattaYOu), 0 MrrOOOaaKTJe; eine ttox; urrf}pxe evac Aoyoe; yw TOV orroio 8a f}Tav KaAa av e~acpavl(oTav. 0 MrrOoOaaKTJe; tttav netteiouevoc ruoc, evooto 0 ttanavoc ttaoeueve eke! (oTJAaof} (wvravoe; «a: va otatnoe! TTJ 8eaTJ rou) oev urrf}pxe TJ eAaXlaTTJ nooormkti va aUPCPwvTJ8ei uta AuaTJ Yla ro Kuttpioxo rrpo{3ATJpa, eoooov 0 iOlOe; ntav oivouooe (MrrooOaaKTJe;), atto npoocxitec ouvouisiec ue rov Itanavo, tuac 0 teseutaioc ouoettote 8a ouuuuovouoe oe uta AuaTJ TTJV orroia eueic oexopaate (eoetavot), Eow eivai rrou 0 MapKe(ivTJe; uta ueoa uttooei va uac oave! XPf}aluoc, eoooov 0 ressutaioc ousenote aup{3l{3aaTTJKe ue ottotovonttote tootto ue ro Kunouuco, «cu 8a eiviu 0 aveoomo«, ettouevox; 0 ottoioc ea uttooei "va avttuettanioei «asuveoa roue; rrarraoee;"».9

2) H oeuTepll cvcoooc Kat nOAl ana Til ~peTaVlKn npeo~eia ornv A8nva npoc TOV K. W.H. Young rouYrt. E~wTeplKwv ue rnv urtovpcon TOU Bpsrcvou a~lW!.IaTOUXOU TIl~ exsl npeo~eia~ K. A. E. Lambert. Huep. 18 AUYOUOTOU 1955.

o MTT06oUOKI]e; evavriov TI]e; 'EVWUI]e; £KTOT£, TT£TT£IUIJ£VOe; TTWe; 0

naTToyoe; 8a TT£8aIV£, IK£T£U£I TOUe; Bp£TaVOUe; va· «8oI]8tjuouv»

«MeTa TTJV emotosn uou urr. ap. 10241618155 nueo. 10 Auvoootou, rreplauAAe~ape asoua Alyee; nsnooipooie«; Yla TTJV tueavr; ouutteoupopa rou Eteipavottousou «ata TTJ olapKela TWV ouvoiusubv aro !\ovoivo (Touiepouc).

o npea{3TJe; «cu eyw eiyaue uia evoiaeeoouoa ouvouisia x8ee; ue rov MrrOOOaaKTJ A8avaalaoTJ (noooiomsotntec ap. 9) «cu oac pera{3l{3a(w ro nepuxouevo TWV oawv uac eitte, anoia a~ia «cu va exouv. ea ttoenei va noooeeooi ruac «ata TTJ OlKf} uac anoum ekeiva rrou Aeel 0 MrrOOOaaKTJe; «ara yevlKoAoyia eyouv peyaATJ alia. EKTOe; ano ro OTl eivat eva orvcvo ttousi, uttatvoevoiv»: ttavtou, {3Aerrel nosAoue;, Kal enmpoa8eTo eival orro roue; Alyoue; av8pwrroue; aTTJV EAAaoa nou oev ttaottuouv TTJV ENQXH.

o MrrooOaaKTJe; uac eine KarapXf} ruoc «ata TTJ yvwpTJ rou 0 ttonavoc eivtu neoav naonc apCPl{3oAlae; evac avsoomoc ttou aovoneeoivei (va uou ettttpanei va npooeeoto tuoc atto rov «aioo rrou 0 XTpaTapXTJe; ttattavoc eixe noostoapoosotnoei, 0 MrrOOOaaKTJe; eixe TTJV tuo anovonteutuai anoipr; Yla tic eJ..nioee; avapotaone rou). Eivcu nosu netteiouevoe tuoc 0 Itonavoc, rov orroio eioe uos«; noiv Alyo, ttaoa oev nai(el «aveva poAo aTTJ OLQPopcpwaTJ TTJe; rroAlTlKf}e; «cu aTTJv ouaia

48


oev eivai ixavo; va «ave! «auta oouAela. Iuoteuei O/1W~, T1W~ unooei (0 ttanavoc) va avrt~el Yla aKO/1a Myou~ /1fJVe~ «cu T1W~ oev unaoxet aueooc «ivouvo; va T1eeaver T1PIV va teseuboouv 01 noooeyeic ouvouuiec. 0 MT1oooaaKT1~ em{3e{3aiwae T1W~ 0 XrecpavoT1ouAO~ eivai YVfJOia avnouyoc KQI etAel 01 ouvouisiec va netuxouv. ET1IT1AtOV eivtu T1PO~ to ouuoeoov rou (Eteipavonousou) va ttetuxouv 01 ouvouisiec, Ylari av attotuyouv T1 OIKfJ rou etaT1 eow ea raraaoeuoei. AurfJ T1 aT1ol/JT1, OT1W~ {3AtT1ere, ouutptavet T1AfJpW~ ue TI~ attoipeu; T10U oac e~tcppaaa otnv T1PoT1yoU/1evfJ /10U etuotosn. 0 MT1oooaaKT1~ moteuei T1W~ onoiaonnote AOYIKfJ AuaT1 T10U eueie (8peravoi) /1T10pOU/1e va noooqeoouue oto Aovoivo ea vive: oeKrfJ aT10 ro XrecpavoT1ouAO ue OIKfj tou eUeUVT1 «a: ea unooei va teeei eviomov inc eAAT1vIKfJ~ 80UAfJ~ «cu va vivei oeKrfJ aT10 tnv KOIVfJ yvw/1T1 eow UT10 tnv aT1Oueivouoa OUva/1T1 rT1~ asionoeneu»; tou ttanavou. 'OT1W~ txw npoavcupeoet 0 ttarrovoc eivoi tua oto rtAo~ tou «at oev eivai at etaT1 va cptpel evotaoeu; oe onoiasnnote cpop/10UAa eeoei 0 XrecpavoT1ouAO~.

Aura, «ata tnv aT1ol/JT1 tou MT1000aaKT1, ea eivai T1 KaAurepT1 AuaT1 xat uac txeteuet va «{3oT1efJaOU/1e» va T1paY/1ar0T101T1eei. 0 MT1000aaKT1C; eine, xat tnv aT1ol/JT1 tou ouuueououaote T1AfJpW~, T1W~ «aiua aAAT1 Ku{3tpvT1aT1 ektoe aT10 rT1 aT1/1eplvfJ ea /1 nooeoe I T10rt va oeXeei tetoia AuaT1. ttoooeeoe T1W~ 0 /10VO~ aAAo~ T10AITIKO~ T10U ea txel rT1 OUVa/1T1 tou xapaKrfJpa va eveovnoei ue rov iOlo rp0T10 eivai 0 MapKe(ivT1C;, O/1W~ onoiasnnote T10AITIKfJ «oiot; T10U ea aKOAouefJael ro eavaro fJ tnv naoaitnon rou ttanavou ea xpovorpl{3fJael xat ea neoaoei T10AU~ XpOVO~ /1tXPI 0 MapKe(ivT1~ fJ onoioobnttote aAAo~ neoaoei ara xtpla tou rT1 OUVa/1T1 rT1~ Ku{3tpvT1aT1~.

o MT1oooaaKT1~ eioe ro MaKaplo T10AU noooqata. Ma~ eitte (MT1oooaaKT1~) T1W~ rov e~tT1AT1~e T10U 0 MaKaplo~ eivai UT1tp rT1~ 'EvwaT1~ Ylari ntav osooaveoo T1W~ av T10rt enoavuatonoieito, T1 KUT1PO~ ea Kara{3POXe,(orav aT10 tnv EAAaoa KQI 0 iOIO~, 0 MaKaplo~, ea txave tnv T1yerlKfJ tou etaT1. 0 MT1000aaKT1~ eine T1W~ T1aPOAO OTi 0 MaKapIO~ oev eixe ~eKaeapa net TI tuateuet, 0 iOlo~ (MT1000aaKT1~) evuooe T1W~ 0 MaKapIO~ Sev ntav «at tooo eveeouoc UT10arT1pIKrfJ~ rT1~ 'EvwaT1~ OT1W~ navtote aCPT1ve va VOT1eei. A vtieeto, tueavo va uT1oarfJpl(e «attotou eiooix; iuoo-aveiaotnotac ylO tnv KUT1pO. To {3piaKw aura KaT1w~ ouaKoAo va ro martI/Jw, O/1W~ ioux; 0 EevapXT1~ va apXlae va KaraAa{3aivel T1W~ T1 'EvwaT1 oev uttooei va tpeel oe uia vuxta. 0 MaKaplo~ eixe, T1apem/1T1rOVrW~ net arov MT1oooaaKT1 T1W~ 0 YT10UPYO~ AT10IKIWV Kara tnv teseutaia ouvavtnon touc otnv KUT1PO eixe net oto MaKaplO T1W~ ea rov ouvavtnoet oto Aovolvo. Eoek; ea Eeoete «ata ttooo aura eivcu aAfJeelO fJ 0XI. 0 MT1oooaaKT1~ txel stxaio, ocuvetai T1W~ av xaT10la eoouousa otic voauuec T10U anueoa aU(T1reirQl uttooouoe va naoouoiaotei atouc KUT1PIOU~, ueta rT1 AfJ~T1 rwv aUVO/1IAIWV oto Aovoivo, 0 MaKaplo~ ea {3peeei oto nseuoo rwv AyytAWV (exei T10U otpei)» va eivai sv T1aaT1 neputttaoei w~ ApXleT1iaKoT1o~) eotto «at av oev eixe to eappo~ va to net avoucta.

49


Epele; tow eiuaote ora OKorelva 000 acpopa TO oxtola nou txere Yla roue; Kutuuouc avtieeta ue OTi txere ylQ Tie; Ku{3epvr]oele; EAAaoae; «a: Toupsku; Llev unapxel apcpl{3oAla ttox; tetoiec OIQ{3ouAeuoele; ota uatta rwv EMr]vwv eivcu avavxaia {3r]para Yla iua AUOTJ. IrTJv npavuanxotttta, orov TJ npOOKATJOTJ Yla tic ouvoplAlee; apXIKa eixe avoxoivtoee; evtu; r] ouo op8d osetttouevoi EAATJVee;, KaAoowpl(ovrae; rnv npooKATJOTJ, etttav oe oU(TJrr]oele; pa(l uac, rrec r]rav Kp{pa nou avtmpooomoi rwv KunplaKwv xoivomtosv sev eixov npOOKATJ8ei. npoona8r]oape va e~TJyr]ooupe roue; Aoyoue;, we; ttpoc to viati tetota npoOKATJOTJ sev ntav tou ttaoovtoc ouvaro va vivei, aAAa, {3t{3alQ tinota sev einaue oTJPoolwe;. Av, ettouevwe;, txere uttoum oac va xavete tetoieo enaoec oro ptAAoV rxu va to avasoiveoete oTJPoolwe;, tuoteuos 8a elxe KaAa attoteseouata.

AvaKecpaAalwvovrae;, 8a Xevaue nox; lowe; 01 ttpoottnxec ylQ tnv etutuyia rwv auVOPlAlWV va PTJv eivai xcu toao aOXTJpee; 000 r]rav ttoiv Alyo KalpO. Bt{3ala, 01 cpavattxoi eow se oup{31{3a(ovral ue to tittote otuac navra. 0 rovoc tou tuttou Kal too paolocpwvOU tXel xaresei «attox; Ano tnv aAATJ, unooooue ue «anoia {3e{3alornro va noupe nwe; 0 IrecpavonouAOe; etueuue! va neruxel TJ LllaoKel/JTJ Kal (av ra ooa Atel 0 MnOOoOaKTJe; eivoi aAr]8ela) eivai Alyorepo tueavo ana ttoonvouuevox; o IrparapxTJe; Ikmavoc va napep{3aAel rxu va eeoe. {3tro oe onoieosnnote ttpotaaeic 01 ottoiec 8a txouv vivei oeKrte; ana rov Yttouovo E~wreplKwv (Irecpavottouso). ea tAeya ttox; oxeoov OAOI eow (A8r]va) txouv otaae! oro onueto va tuoteuouv ttox; Karl noenei va yivel, extoc rwv OKATJpOnUpTJVlKWV {3t{3Q1a, Yla va otauatnaei autn TJ «ataotoon. 0 MnOOOOaKTJe; 0 ottoioe eivat evac OKATJpOe;. naparTJPTJrr]e; moreuel no»; {3ploKopaore nsnoiov PIQe; AUOTJe;, Kal sev eivai 0 uovoc ttou tuoreuei nwe; oAa e~aprwvTOI ana uac, we; iua tuo oOCPr] «a: ue tteioa ouvapTJ ana tnv EAAaoa r] tnv Touona, ylQ va ole~ayoupe Tie; oovouisiec «a: nox; aueoteoec 01 xwpee; 8a oex80uv onoiasnttote AUOTJ roue; ttpoteivouue oixwe; « va xavouv npooomo». Tesoc, ueta ana Alyoue; avnouxouc pr]vee; uac oaiverai ttox; TJ OTJpeplvr] Ku{3tpvTJOTJ inc EAAaoae; unope! va em(r]oel ptXPI va reAelwoouv 01 ouvouiuec. H va to eeoooue to eeua olacpopeTlKa, 8a etuaote ttpavuati nOAu atuXOI av uac {3pel xauu: Kp(OTJ pera~u ttopa xas inc LllaoKel/JTJe;».1 0

(Irill. H cvoeooc ce «rtcocernxomtec ap. 9)) oTlllaivel nwc; Tl npeo~eia elxe ti6Tl oTelAel Xerrroueperec YlO TO OTOIlO aUTO OTO Yrt. E~uHeplKWV. ElvOl POUTlVO YlO nc 6mAWllonKtc; urmpeotec vo aVOlYOUV q>aKtAouc; YlO TOV Ko8e nOAlTlKO ti ev6l0- cepov npcoomo, enlxelPTlllaTia K.O.K., oe Ko8e xwpa KOl KOTOypOq>OUV TO xosert Yl' ourn TTlV npOOWnlKOTTlTa Kat vo evnueoevouv TO KtVTpO).

50


COlJFIDENTIAL (10241649/55)

BRITISH EMBASSY, ATHENS.

August 18. 1955

JutJ. .. · l-\~~~\.

·Sim8 my letter No l02VSltV55 ot August, 10 was written a lit.tle more ll~bt, albeit Obl1gu8. bas been ttlrown on Stephanopoulos s probable attitude. at the

London tallcs. • .

2, 'lila AmbaSsador a.nd I had an 1nteI'8st1ng conversat1on

yesterday·witb Bodossakia Athanassiadis (P818ona11ties No.9) aild I pass on to you the substanoe ot what be sald. for what it lI@Y be wortb. 1 should add that in' our opin10n what DOdossa~1s says 1s generallr wort~.a good deal. Bes1des beina a very downy biul he geta about· a. lot, Se8$ a lot ot people. and 1s in Sddltloni one ot the

:few llIen in QreBce who are not in tavour at 8ng§ijI. .

3. Bodossakia told us f1nit or a.ll Ul8.t in biB op1nion

Pa.pag08 1s quite def1nitely a dying man (I I~ sav that eVBI' slnae t;he F1eld-Marsh8.1 was fIrst taken 111,· he·took the 8100ldest view ot his chances or reQover,v). H8 is

qui te oonvinced tb'3.t Papagos. whom he saw not v917 long ago 1. now playa no paI-t In thl1 fOI\i1aUon of policy and Ie in ract not capable or d61ng any wOl'k at all. He - . . cons1ders, bewever that he may l!lUt onother rew ..,nt.hs and. does not teel that there Ia an Imminent rlfJk ot bis dying -bitore tlle fortbcoming talks aI'S concluded. .. BOdo8sak1s contlflD9d that staphanopoulos is genuinely anx1oWt~that the talks should auceaed, It is. imaed . 1n bis lnterest that they should suooeed I because it !hey tall bis own posItIon ner~ would be ruined. This opInion, you will se~1 cnimes in with tbo thoughts expressed in

my latter unaer reference. Bodo3lJak18 teels that a~ reasonable solution which we could ottel' in London would be acoepted 'by stephanopoulos on his own responsib1lity and. could be ~t through. tue GreeK Pal'l1ament and· . acquieso!ld in bypublio opinion hen on the strength ot what remains ot Papagosts prest1ge. lis ind1.oated above PapNlos is too far Sone to oll.1ect to any formula:arr1VBci at by S~epbanopouloa.

4. TtJ,1s in Bodossakis's 0iintolll would be by fal' the

beat solution and lIe kept teging us eamestl:v to "help" in b1'1pg1ng it about. He sa d wHat la,· I must aay entirel)' ou~ view f that no govemll9nt othel' than t.ne

.' present. coula br1ng about a uolut.1on on the lines suggested •

. , " .

Mia arro TIC; 6peTavlKtc; eK8taelC; rrpoc; TO Foreign Office axeTIKo ue TIC; rrAIlPotpoplec; nou emuovav an» TOV Mrroa06oKIl- 1955.

51


T(p S!l9ET

8Cil No. 76 to Istanbul

-2-

(11) A Counoll Of lUn1sters of VmaD. the majority would be ohosen by the C'mernor :f'.ran the legislature in oonsultation w1 th

it. '

Departlll.ents of the Oyprus Government would be progressi9'el1 transferred to Oypriot M1nisters exoept thoBe dealing Wi tb. matters relating to foreign affe.1rs, defence and pol1oe; whioh matters "oold be reserved to the Governor. The independence of the jud1c1al';r and tho tams of serviae for 01 v11 servants would be safegaarde4 in the oOrlsti tut1on. In the early

stages some finanoial safeguerds might be desirable. The Assembly would enjoy full treedom 01' debate, but vr.l th safeguards respecting any b1ll which in the Oovernor's

, op1n1on sought to GIIlend the oonstitution or atfected the r1ght Of m1nor1 t1es_

6., Her 14ajostyl s Government, would undertake to renO'll these ~gement.after a Bet l'e1'1od (sa;y 1'1veyan'l) 1n 'oonsultat1on, Wi th tho Greek and Turld..sh Governments, and w1 th the O:vpr1ot Oouno11 of K1n1sters. Tho alta Would be however to ma1nta1n

the 'plan (a,part from deta11ed ohanges) for sq, 20 years.

There would be an lnstrwnont.ar treaty establishing the (ireek and TUrkish res1dent representative and th1s would reoogntse

the paramount 1mportanoe ot Cyprus tor oommon defence in present oond1tions.

7. It will be noted that th1s plan 'iIOUld:

(1) s$.fo~1l!'d ~k1sh interests. and placo the Turld.sh OoV'arnt\Emt on an equal

,tooting W1 th the Greek:

(11) 1mpiy no oommi talent t,p grant selt--detomlnat1on.

Im ... .1_-"&'_1"'" __ ~ ....I _._ ~\..... ... o. .. _ ..... ..t.._

21.6.1955· 01 o~lJyiet; TOU Foreign Office "POt; TIJV 8peTavIKtj ttoeoeet« UTIJV AYKupa.

52

KwVOrQVrlVOUnOA'l - 6 IenreJ.1{3p[ou 1955

« ... Ottouotmote Kl av rrT'lyav, ilia KI7Moa oiuatoc eoelxve ta iXVI7 TOU tteoaouatoc Tout; «a: oe oAI7 TI7VeKraal7 TI7t; Kuplapxiat; TOUt; 0 noAmall0t; e{acpavl(orav».

William Gladstone - npw8unoupyoc: AyyMac: 1886-1893 ana TO {31{3Mo TOU THE BULGARIAN HORRORA AND THE QUESTION OF THE EAST

a YVWOTO yeYOVOTa TOU LenTepJ3piou TOU 1955 evcvrtov TWV EAAriVWV OTTlV KwvoTavTlvOUnOATl, Tuxaia tAaJ3av xwpav OTIC; 6 TOU IlTlVOC;. rro TIC; 9 LenTellJ3piou 1955 eixav apXlKo oxe5laoTei or J3apJ3apOTTlTec; exelvec. KOL TOUTO via va ouurtecouv us TTlV TeAlKri OAWOTl TTlC; LlluPVTlC; TO 1922. To veo aUTO lOTOPlKO ororxeto avaKOAuttJa Ka8wc; epeuvouoo ro J3peTavlKO apxeia - ortosecueusevrc evvpcoo TOU Ynoupyeiou E~WTeplKWV (5mAWllaTlKO, OTTl OUYKeKpllltVTl nepmrecn). Me TIC; ovcoopec OTO KecpOAOLO aUTO, emJ3eJ3OLwvovTOL KOL Ol IltXPl rtponvoc urtoqnsc TWV EAAriVWV KwvoTavTlvounoxrrov vro TOV evepvo POAO TWV Bpsrovov ...

T

Ot Tapaxtc; OTIC; 6 LenTellJ3piou 1955 5la5pailaTioTTlKav us TIC; 05Tlyiec; TOU TOTe TOUPKOU npw8unoupyou Menderes ce cuson ouvevvonon ue TOUC; TOTe Yrtoupvo E~WTeplKWV KOL npw8unoupyo TTlC; Bpstcvloc.

Ot 0YPlec; exetvec em8toelC; eixav oxe5laOTei us oxorto va ~avanoKTrioel rj Toupxlo AOYO vto TO Kunptcxo. npOYlla, nou us TTl ouuqxovlo TTlC; Aw~ovTlC; eixe rtcuoei va txel. Na urtsvsuutoe OTI TOV KOLpO sxstvo OTO Aov5ivo AOIlJ3ave xwpav uto ouve5pia, n.ortolc OVOllo0811Ke TeAlKo 11 «Tplilepric; TOU Aovotvou» ortou 11 EAAo5a nOT11oe T11v rtsrtovooxouco KOL oUYKaTaTt811Ke OT11v ertcvccopc T11C; Toupxtoc wc; ev5lacpepollevo uepoc OTO ~riT11lla T11C; Kunpou. 0 TOTe Yrtoupvoc E~wTeplKwv T11C; EAAo5ac; K. LTecpavonouAoc;, nrov neorooorspo ana 5laTe8ellltvoc; va cpavei -uerorortoanc» KOL va ucovortomcer TOUC; Bpernvouc, eoooov nrov YVWOTO nwc; oveuevov TO 80vaTO TOU LTpaT11YOu nanoyou. 'Eypacpe oe OxeTlKO T11AeYPOCPT1lla rtpoc TO Foreign Office 0 TOTe Bpsrnvoc nptoJ311C; OT11v A8riva Sir Charles Peake:

-tuareu» OJ.1WC;, tuoc 0 EAATJVac; Yttouovoc E~wreplKwv eivai YVrJata attotpaoiouevoc va npoonaenoei va e~aacpaMael etutuynuevo atto reA eoua, rouAaXlarov Yla va evouvtuuaoe: rTJ eeaTJ rou tomxa, orov eAeel TJ wpa va avttxataotaeei 0 EtoarapXTJC; «cu npweunoupyoc; ttanavoc. /i' auto ea avauevta atto TOV K. XrecpavonOUAO va oei~el uetoionaeeia oto /\ovoivo. Etot, «cu voouuevou OTi ea TOV yeunare ire J.1e ttpoooxn, nOAu rueavo va J.1TJv anooelXeei aOlaAAaKTOC; oxetixa J.1e rTJ ouuuetom rTJC; Touokiac otic ouvouisiec eseivec, ttou ea axeri(ovral J.1e ro J.1eAAOV rwv Kunpiwv «cu tueavo va ouuotovnoe: oe uta cpoPJ.10UAa nou va avcupeoetai otnv autooiaeeon oe «anoia 'J,leAAOvrIKrJ TJJ.1epoJ.1TJvia. Kau tetoio ea eKATJCPeei ox;

53


017J,laVTIKr, ttpooooc EOW (A8r,va), txovTae; urrOI/J17 ro YEVIKO atosnua ttou OE eti\El T17V Toupsia va tXEl CPWvr, oro J,lti\i\ov T17e; Kunpou (TO ottoiov loxupi(oVTat 6T1 eivcu tva etJ,la J,lETa~U T17e; M. Bpetaviac Kat T17e; Ei\i\ooae; «cu uovov) Kat ttox; 17 Ei\i\ooa ea rtpettei va ETTlJ,ltVEl OT17V OJ,lE017 rrapaXWP17017 T17e; aUTOOlOeE017e; ...

Ev6I/JEI TWV nooavoeeoeevttov txw TIe; TTlO KOTW naoatnpnoeu; va KOVW:

. -

a) Onoiabnnote ELOr,Y17017 r, EVTurrW017 ruac Ol Boetavuax; Kat TOUpKlKte; aVTlTTpO-

oomeiec eiyav nooouucxovnoei J,lEra~U roue; T17V ouuneoupooa rrou ea aKoi\ou80uoav otu; ouvouiuec autec, ora oiyoupa ea ouoavaOXETOUOE roue; Ei\i\17VEe; Kat OE ea r,rav OiKatO yt' au TOUe; ... ».1

Ot AOVOl vic TT] ~pETaVO-TOUpKlKn oxeueplo TWV VEVOVOTWV TT]~ 6 IEnTEIl~piou 1955 ouvOtlJi~oVTav W~ E~n~:

a) Na q>o~T]SOUV ot 'EAAT]VE~ KQl va EviSwoouv.oTa ~pETavlKa oxtiSla KQl ceopnrsc meoeic Kaf va iSEXSOUV TT]V Toupxlo toe lOOTlIlO EviSlaq>EpollEVO uepoc OTT] uotpo TT]~ Kunpou (vic va unopeoouv va TPOXlOiSpOllnoouv nc ortoccoerc TOU~ vro iSl~WVlKO iSlKOlVOTlKO iSlallEAlollO TT]~ Kurtpou)

~) Na TpoIlOKpaTT]SOUV Ol nopuvou«i aVTlKOIlIlOUVloTt~ Auepucovol KQl TO NATO, vto iSnSEV KiviSuvo EAAT]Vo/TOUPKlKOU noxeuou KQl KiviSuvo KOIlIlOUVlOTlKOnoiT]oT]~ TT]~ EAAaiSa~

V) Na q>o~T]SEi TO NATO Kal Ol AIlEPlKQVoi VLa aIlEOT] unooroseponotnon TT]~ avaTOAlKn~ rrrecuvcc TOU NATO xcn eroi NATO KQl Auepixovot va iSEXTOUV KQl curet ro ~pETavlKa oxtiSla. npaVlla nou Sa avaVKa~E Kal TT]V EAAT]VlKn KU~tPVT]OT] va urtcxouost (ntpav TWV ~pETavlKwv meoeev) nAnpW~ OTOU~ AIlEplKavou~ xm NaTo'iKOU~ KT]iSEIlOVE~, Eq>OOOV rl EAAaiSa ana TO 1947148 (IltXPl onuepc) ~piOKETQl ma OTT] cectoo erupponc Kal EAtVXOU TWV AIlEplKavwv. To 1947 T] Bpsruvlc, anoiSuvallwlltvT] ana nc ouvertsrec TOU iSEUTtpOU navxooutou rtoxsuou, EiXE EVKaTaAEitlJEl TT]V EAAaiSa OTa xtpla TWV AIlEplKavwv.

XapaKT'lPlOTlKn elver 'l anaVTT]OT] TOU Macmillan npoc TOV Auepucavo Ynouovo E~WTEPlKWV, nusp, 23 IEnTEIl~piou 1955, orov 0 TEAEuTaio~ EiXE EKq>paoEl nc ovnouxtsc TT]~ Ku~tpv'lOn~ TOU Kal TWV npEO~ElWV TWV HnA OTT]V ASnva Kal :A.VKupa: «Av aq>nOOUIlE to nocvucrc uovo TOU~ oxo Sa nove KaAa», strte 0

Macmillan.2 .

Ol cvnouytec TOU Auepucavou Yrtoupvou E~WTEPlKWV KQl or ovnopcoerc vro rc VEvovoro me 6'l~ IEnTEIl~piou 1955 iSE ouvxtvouoov TO Macmillan nou W~ KaAuTEpoe VVWOT'l~ TT]~ OA'l~ OKT]VOSEOia~, nrcv rue nerrerouevoc KQl npsuoc OTl oAa Sa nnvorvnv KaAa ...

napoAov OTl 'l Bpernvto vro iSEKaETiE~ aOU~'lT'lTi cnsppmre OAE~ nc EKKAnOEl~ vro OU~nT'lOT] TOU Kurtorcxou, t~l Ilovaxa IltPE~ IlETa nou n EAAaiSa EiXE apXlKa

54

KnNITANTINovnOAH·6 IEnTEMBPIOV 1955

~I1TTioel Til OU~r')TI1011 TOU KUnplOKOU OTO Hveuevo 'ESVI1, uto cvronoxpton ana TI1V KWVOTOVTlVOUnOAI1 OTI1V olleplKovlKr') e<Pl1llepi50, THE NEW YORK TIMES, nuep, 28 AUYOUOTOU 1954, tAeye: «H Boetavia «ai TJ Touona eyouv ouuauovnoe: va aKOi\ou8rJ0ouv TTJV i61a voauut; oro KurrplaKo rrpo!3i\TJpa».

rlO nc eusuvec TI1~ Bpercvlcc OTl~ ~Op~opoTI1Te~ TWV Toupxev OTl~ 6 IenTell~piou 1955 OTI1V KWVOTOVTlVOUnOAI1 oVO<ptpSI1Ke OTl~ 29 louviou 1956 KOl 11 cuePlKOVlKr') NEW YORK TIMES, nou typottJe lleTo~u o.AAWV: « ... EKeive~ 01 taoaxec, Yla tu; ottoiec TJ Boetavia ttoenei va cpepel ueooe TTJ~ eu8uvTJ~, eiyav !3i\al/Jel TTJ BaAKavlKrJ Xuppaxia~>. rlO TOU~ Toupxouc TO o.pSpo tAeye KOl no.Al lleTO~U o.AAWV: «H aveoeuvt; ouunepupopa TTJ~ Touonac em!3ai\i\el pia oe !3a80~ avaeeeonor; TOU oosou TTJ~ Touoxk»; ana tic Hvwpeve~ Ilositeiec, ooov aeooa TTJV aoease«: TOU ei\eu8epou KOOPOU».

ITl~ 28 louviou 1956, 511A05r') uto uepo eveprrspo, 0 K. Ray Alan typq.ttJe OTO rtepl05lKO «Reporter», OXeTlKo. ue TI1V Tpiuepn TOU J\ov5ivou OTl~ 30 AUYOUOTOU 1955.

«0 Sir Anthony Eden oxoniuox; eeeoe ueoa TTJV Touoxia, ae pia unoseon ttou tupopouae aUOTTJPw~ TTJV Ei\i\a6a Kat TTJ Boetavia ... OUTe ot TOUPKOI cote «avevee ai\i\o~ eixe note tOxuptoTei ttox; TJ TOUPKtKrJ petOVOTTJTa 8a uneoeoe oe pia ei\i\TJVOKu!3epvoupevTJ Kuttoo»,

J\oyw TI1~ OO~OpOTI1TO~ TWV KOTOOTo.OeWV, Ol I1SlKoi ouroupvoi Kpo.TI100V TI1V emxorvtovtc TOU~ OUOTI1PW~ onOPPI1TI1 KOl os npwSUnOUPYlKo. erttrteoo. npo.YIlO nou vtveroi eueovectoro KOl us rtc eKStoel~ TWV 5LnAWIlOTWV. Ot ortolor (opiouevot) ceou 5e YVWPl~OV TO oXt5lO, 11 ovr')OUXI1 OTo.OI1 TOU~ KOl TO ev5lo<ptpov TOU~ vo OVO~OAUttJOUV TOU~ orrlouc TWV ~o.p~opwv ernaeceev svovrtov TWV EAAr')VWV, eixe KUPlOAeKTlKo. e~opyioel TOU~ Bpernvouc - npwSunoupyol Y. E~wTeplKwv. Eniol1~ XOPOKTI1PlOTlKr') elver 11 evroxn TOU TOTe npwSunoupyou TI1~ Bpercvtcc 5l0Tunwlltvn os emOTOAOXOPTO TI1~ 10 Downing Str., 11 ortoln:

0) opvetro KOTI1YOPl11l0TlKo. OTO vo 50Sei oncvrnon/ ovrortoxoton os eAAl1vlKO 5lo.~111l0.

~) ~I1Touoe «moroc vo <plilwoel TOU~ Bpernvouc 5LnAWIlOTe~ nou OKo.Al~OV ue rtc eKStoel~ TOU~, «YlO vo o<peSei TO <po.PIlOKO VO Ko.Vel Til 50UAelo. TOU». (3)

To «<po.PIlOKO» r')TOV Ol TOpOXt~. To ortorsxeouc TI1~ «50UAelo.~» Ol npovo<pepStvrsc OTOX01.

0, £KB£u£/(;

Me Ko.Se Xerrrouepeio eixov KOToypo<pei Ol ~l1lllt~ KOl ~OP~OpOTI1Te~ TWV Toupxcov OTI1V KWVOTOVTlVOUnOAI1 ana TOU~ Bpernvouc 5LnAWllo.Te~.

55

Ano THN ENOIH ITHNKATOXH

ea napa8tow ortoortcoucro TPIWV TtTOIWV EK8tOEWV, nou txouv crtooeoueuset ~EXWpL~OVTac: rnv napCtypa<po EKELV'1 onou 0 Bpsrovoc otnAwIlCtT'1C: Michael Stewart xapaKT'1pIOTlKCt ypCtq>EI moe: ccAuro tYlvav J.1e J.1tBooo «cu anoqaoumsotnra rrou ea olKaiwve KoBe KaBwe; npenei {3op{3apo».

1) 'EK8E0'1 '1IlEp. 22.9.1955 ana T'1V npEO~EUTlK~ KaTOIKLa rtpoc TO Foreign Office (Southern Dept).

«Avannto rJ.1rJJ.1a,

napaKaAw avaeeoeeite oro rTJAeYPoq>TJJ.1Q uac ap. 193 TJJ.1ep. 22 2errreJ.1{3piou crro tnv Kevotavnvounosn oyetu«: J.1e Tie; avataoayec otnv Ktovotavnvouttosri «at rTJ 2J.1UPVrj OTIC; 62errreJ.1{3piou.

2. EivQl OUOKOAO va ttouue J.1e aKpi{3elQ noon (TJJ.110 noosevnoov ora «ataomuata, ora ottitia, otic eKKATJoiee; «cu ora oxosela 01 emeeoeu; viati «asuntouv J.1eyoATJ tKraOTJ «a: KoBe uaotupia olQq>tpel. 01 TTlO «atta aaeuot oOBTJKaV atto rov 'EAATJVa empooomo Tuttou otnv Kosvoravttvoimosn «a: oev eyouue AOYO va aJ.1q>I{3oAAouJ.1e rnv eveuootnra roue. illaq>tpouv J.10VOxa one eKrlJ.1rJOele; rwv (TJJ.1IWV ornv Kevotavrivoimosn «cu oev ouuneoooueavoov Tie; (TJJ.1lte; rrou utteotnoav oIE{3pai- 01, 01 APJ.1tvlOl, 01 ttasoi, 01 /OAAOI, 01 Auototaxoi, 01 Boetavoi «a: OAAOI {otu; neoiouoiec roue) oute Tie; (TJJ.1lte; otn 2J.1UPVTJ·

3. 0 'EAATJvae; emoooomoc eine OTi TJ eAATJVIKrJ KOIVOrTJra otnv nOATJ anoreseirai atto 80,000 'EAATJVee;, atto roue; onoiouc 01 25,000 eivai 'EAATJVee; unnkooi «a: 01 UrrOAOITTOI Touoxoi. Tpia ano ra 5 oxoAeia (t uuvaoiat eiyav naee: oosaoec (TJJ.1lte; Kal 28 otto ra 45 ilTJJ.10TlKO 2xoAeia «ataotocupei. XiAla ttepittou «araottniata «a: eunootxa «tipta, 10lOKrrJree; rwv orroiwv eivai 'EAATJVee; uttnxooi, eiyav «ataotoaeei. 01 10lOKrrJTee; onosovtcouv rTJ (TJJ.110 oe T./\. 300 eKarOJ.1J.1Upla, OJ.1We; ro eAATJVIKO npo~eveio moteuei tuoc T./\' 100 exatouuuoia tooc va eivai TTlO opBrJ eKriJ.1TJOTJ. (0 'EAATJvae; exnoooomoc oev esooe rov aplBJ.1o rwv eAATJVIKWV onttuov rrou AeTJAarrJBTJKav). 0 ApXlxelpoupyoe; rou eAATJVIKOU voooxoueiou oro MrraAouKArJ txel avoipepei orov 'EAATJva npo~evo ttox; 60 veaoa «ooitoia, EAATJvioee; atto 010- ocoee tteoioxe« inc nOAT1e; eyouv Biaatei. Ta oucnuata rwv·5 atto rrc 7 eAATJVI«ec eq>TJJ.1epioee; txouv naee! (TJJ.110. H uta eixe enavesooee; oJ.1We; aveoteise tnv tKoOOrJ inc AOYW rou otpatuotsxou V0J.10U rrou eixe eTTl{3ATJBei otic 21 2errreJ.1- {3piou.

4. Arro Tie; 83 EAATJVOopBooo~ee; eKKATJoiee;, 01 72 eyouv naee: (TJJ.1ltC;, 8-10 oe txouv osooyeoox; «ataotpcupet ano axona. nOAAte; rrOAUTlJ.1ee; eIKOVE;e; «cu avasuara txouv AeTJAarTJBei rJ «otaatoaoet. Evac 'EAATJVae; OpBooo~oe; ieoeac XOBTJKe (oKorwBTJKe) orov TJ eKKATJoia rou KOTJKe Karo rTJ OIOpKelQ rwv taoayiav. f\AAoe; leoeac txel rrATJywBei oOXTJJ.1a «a: Boioxeta: aKOJ.1a oro vooosoueio. OPIOJ.1tvOI OAAOI eyouv oexrei etueeoeu; xaierouv esaooa rrATJywBei.

56

KnNITANTINovnOAH - 6 IEnTEMBPIOV 1955

5. O: nATJPocpopiee; ttou aneonaoe TJ eKKATJoia TTJe; ttaeoseu»; ana TO naTPLQPXeiO mOTonoLOUV ytvlKa TTJV eYKUpOTTJTa TWV npoavaoepeevttov. Ynr'lp~e entonc OTJJ.1aVTlKr'] (TJJ.1la Kal {3e{3TJAWOele; ora vexootaipeia TOU XlOAr'] «cu oe AtyOTePO {3a8J.10 OTO MnaAOUKAr']. 0 OTOXOe; TOUe; tttav TJ J.1a(a TWV OlKOYeVelaKWV Tacpwv OTO Ve«oottupeto OTO KtVTPO TOU XlOAr'], OJ.1We; evxuoe); nTJyte; unoAoyi(ouv ruoc 0XeOOV TO J.1l00 vesootaoeio tXel «ataotoaaiei. Evtu; AelTOUpYOe; TOU naTplapXeiOU eitte OTOV eCPTJJ.1tpLO tuoc 0 iOLOe; eiXe Sei va {3ya(ouv VeKpOUe; ana TOUe; taeoix; «cu va TOUe; «aive.

6. Tetotec avoipooec OTOV Boetavtxo tuno ottou; tXOUJ.1e Se! OeV tYlvav «cu eAaXlora txouv vposptet OXeTlKa J.1e Tie; em8tOele; one eKKATJOiee; Kal ra vexpotcupeia, eKTOe; ana TO aoeoo TOU NOEL BARBER OTTJV Daily Mail atu; 14 Eettteiusoiou ... >,4

2) H oeuTepll tK8eOll Kat naAl nusp, 22.9.55:

«XTO npoTJYOUJ.1eVO J.10U TTJAeypacpTJJ.1a, TJJ.1ep. 6 Eettteuiiotou, avacpep8TJKa atu; 00- {3apte; aV8eAATJVlKte; taoaxec ttou eiyav Eeonaoe! OTTJV nOATJ TO {3paou exeivo. Ttaoa txw TTJV TlJ.1r'] va oac OWOW tK8eOTJ TWV taoaydr«, ottou; autec ipaivovrcu J.1e TTJV naoooo oMywv TJJ.1epWV. H aJ.1eOTJ atria Yl' autec ntav ouo avaoooec ae OUO anoveuuativee eonueotsec TTJe; nOATJe;, ot ottoisc tAeyav ttox; TO ottitt ttou yeVVr']- 8TJKe 0 Atatouo« OTTJ GeooaAoviKTJ oruac enionc «a: TO TOUPKlKO ttpoieveio eke! eiyav avanvayrei. Ynaoye; navtox; oosapoc Aoyoe; va mOTeUeTQl ttox; olaoTJAw-. oeic oe J.1lKpOTepTJ KMJ.1aKa tttav r']oTJ OXeOlaOJ.1tVee; va OUJ.1ninTOuv navca-xatta J.1e TTJ Ar']~TJ TTJe; iJ.laoKeI/JTJe; yLQ TTJV Kuttoo, ttou AaJ.1{3aVe xwpav OTO Aovoivo. Ga enavese» aovoteoa.

2. H opyr'] yLQ TTJV {3oJ.1{3a OTTJV eeooasovim ipaivetoi va ekave MYTJ (TJJ.1la, OJ.1we; Ol TOUPKOl OTTJV nOATJ «a: OTTJ XJ.1UPVTJ eiyav r']oTJ aoytoei va e~anTOVTQl J.1e Tie; aouJ.1{3i{3aoTee; OTJAWOele; yLQ TTJV Kunpo TOU TOUPKOU Yttouovou E~WTePlKWV, «ata TTJV olapKela TTJe; iJ.laoKeI/JTJe; TOU Aovoivou «u J.1e e{3ooJ.1aOee; aV8eAATJVlKWV oTJJ.10- OleUJ.1aTWV OTO tutto, TO Oe enelOOOLO TTJe; GeOoaAoviKTJe; TOUe; tOWOe TTJV eusaiota ttou ava(TJTOUOaV Yla va exooaooov J.1e tva nEPIEPrA BAPBAPO KAI AXPEIAXTO TPOnO TO MIXOX TOYX ENANTION TDN EAAHNDN.

3. H noeoseia uac tuxoroosouoe Yla Tie; olaoTJAWOele; orov apXloav va ottave {3ltoivt»; Kal cpwvte; va cxouvovrm yupw one 8 TO {3paou oe tva VUXTeplVO KtVTPO KOVTa OTOV xntto TTJe; ttoeosetac. npocpaVWe; Ol eaoaoiec apXlOaV otic 6 TO {3paou OTTJV nsateia TAKSIM onou tva OPYlOJ.1tVO nAr']80e; cpwva(e xcu (TJTWKpauya(e TOV Hicket Bil, TWPlVO ttooesoo TOU ouvoeouou «H Kunot»; eivoi TOUPKlKr']». EAtX8TJ OTl TJ aotuvouia nooonaenoe va oUAAa{3el TO Hicket Bil, OJ.1We; eJ.1nooi08TJ«e ana TO nAr']80e; «cu OeV ~avaanonelpa8TJKe.

OJ.1aOee; ana veaoouc, onsiouevouc J.1e oottasa «cu aAAa, eonarav ta yuaAla TWV KaTaOTTJJ.1aTWV, AeTJAaTOUOav OUOTTJJ.1aTlKa, netouoav ra eJ.1nOpeUJ.1aTa OTOUe; oPO-

57

Ano THN ENGIH ITHN KATOXH

uouc xiu ra «atanatouoav ptXPl va «ataotoacouv. Tooo ana npootorum uou uaptuoia, ytari {3yr]Ka otouc ~popoue; ano tic 8 ro {3pa~u «cu ueta ~ava ra ueoavuxta, xcu ana OTl asouoa «cu atto aAAoue;, oute T] Aatuvouia outs 0 otpatoc rrou r]rav r]~T] t~w oe a~loAoyT] ~uvapT] ana tic 8.30, ~ev tKavav tinota va roue; otauatnoouv r] va roue; nepiooioouv.

Touvavriov, omv rreploXr] rou tteoa, eKrOe; ano 4 eoumoi»; aotuvoiusouc Ol ottoio: KUplOAeKTlKO oepYlavl(av aveuesoi, T] Aatuvotua ouoiaansa e~acpaviOmKe ana tic 9p.p.

'Orav rtAelwoav 01 ouiuec, ro rrAr]8oe; xwpiorT]Ke oe suo rrapara~ele;, ro tva «areu8uv8T]Ke ttpoc tn Aewcpopo IOTlKAoA, npoc tnv xupia o~o oro Ilepa, «cu T] aAAT] ttpoc ro AYla(rraoa xcu ttooc tnv ttapasia, ttpoc ro IIOAr]. Tore apXloav Ol etueeoe«; ora xataotnuata, 01 «ataatooeec neoiououbv xai eunooeuuatosv ... AeT]Aaoiee; ... AYTA EriNAN ME ME.BO/).O KAI AnO(/)AIIITIKOTHTA nov BA EnJKYPONAN KABE KABOI nPEnEI BAPBAPO.

5. /).ev txw uaotuotec Yla (T]plte; oe aAAee; rroAeI c, ouox; eivtu oAoKa8apo OTl rroAAa «ataatnuata uetovottinov txouv «araotoaoet. H eAAT]VlKr] ouvoisia rou KouprouAoue; otn vta rroAT] txel rra8el oo{3apte; (T]piee;, we; enionc ro eAAT]VIKO XWPIO Samnatya ttooc m (/)AciJpla, xcu aAAa eAAT]VlKa «evtoa. ZT]plte; urrr]pxav ettione otu; vnoouc otn 8aAaooa rou Mappapa xiu yevlKa onousnttote urrr]pxe eAAT]VIKr] uaovotnta ...

(Iuvexi(el ue Xetttoueoeu»; rwv «ataotoouuav)

9 .... 0 npw8urroupyoe; inc Toupxiac, extoc; atto roue; autotttec pap tupe c, eixe «cu 0 i~IOe; rrapa~ex8ei OTl yvciJpl(av Yla tu; ~la~T]AciJoele; «cu OTl 0 uttoupvoc Eoo» replKciJv tnc xciJpae; exel ttaoaimeei.:

8. Emorptcpw ora yeyo voro, Eival osocaveoo ttaoa, av «cu cpuolKa eivai ~uOKoAo va {3aAel «aveu; ro ~aKruAo exe! rrou ttpenei, OTl 01 ~la~T]AciJoele; r]rav KaAa opyaveuevec xcn ttpouesetnuevec, Eixav Eeonaoe: tautoypova ae oAoKAT]pT] tnv noAT], otnv aotatim xcu eupwrraiKr] rrAeupa, «cu ptXPI tn eeoane«: atu; vnoouc rou Boottopou «a: rou Mappapa. Eiva: enianc Ka8apo OTl urrr]pxe «anoia Ku{3epVT]TlKr] aveynxornta. To veo ~evo~oxeio XiArov eixe ana vwpie; rreplKuKAw8ei atto peyaAT] aotuvoutm ~uvapT] «at ro eAAT]VlKO npo~eveio «ai ro narplapxeio eiyav «anoia otoatuanxn ttpootaoia. 0 Hikmet BiI, 0 onoioc tpaivetai ttapa va txel ou)» A T]cp8ei, eixe otu; 5 Ierrrep{3piou tteoaoei pia tapa pa(i ue rov npw8urroupyo xcu evxuoe« rrT]yte; ue rrAT]pocpopouv OTl T] KU{3tPVT]oT] r]rav vvtaotnc rev xataataaewv e« rev npotsoaiv, xcu eixe ~ciJoel xcu mauvxataeeor; me Yla av8eAAT]VIKte; ola~T]AciJoele; xcu Yla ro ottaaiuo OPlOptVWV {3lrplvciJv. H ueoa rrou eixe oplo8ei Yla autec tic ~la~T]AciJoele; r]rav T] 9T] Ierrrep{3piou Yla va ouututttei ue tnv reAIKr] aAwoT] inc IpupvT]e; «cu tnv reAlKr] tttta rev EAAr]vwv otn IpupvT] (1922) ouox; T]

58

KONITANTINOYI10AH - 6 IEnTEMBPIOY 1955

opyfJ Yla TTJV {3op{3a OTTJ eeooasovtm npoeavdx; TOU~ eowoe TTJV eusaipia ttou neoiuevav. Ynaoxe: «cu aAATJ uaotuoia yta TTJV e« TWV npoteoov YVWOTJ TTJ~ KU{3epvTJoTJ~, ouox; apCPI{3aAAw - ottox; Aeve 01 eAATJVIKe~ nnvec - mac TJ {3op{3a OTTJ eeooasovim fJTav ueoot; TOU OAOU oxeoiou.

9. H anavTTJOTJ OTTJV epwTTJOTJ, nATI evoota 0 Ynouovoc EowTeplKwv {3ploKoTav OTTJV nOATJ, va etutpattet va vlvet eva TeTOIO «axo ... To vsvovoc «cu uovo OTl 01 olaoTJAwoel~ eiyav uetatoanei oe Kivouvo (wfJ~ scu tteoiouoicu; fJTav aoxetoc AOYO~ va avaAa{3ouv tu; eu8uve~ TOU~ 01 aayec: 'Ouox; oev exavav tittota. 'GAa esaotoovtcu ano TOV npw8unoupyo 0' aUTfJ TTJ xwpa. 0 iOIO~ ouox; {3ploKoTav eKTO~, «cu OTO toaivo ttou eogotav atto TTJV AYKupa «cu ttoootootva eKTO~ emKOIvoiviac (temporarily incommunicado). TeAIKa orov ecp8aoe OTTJ 2anavT(a nepinou OTI~ 10 TJ ooa TO {3paou Kal pa(i ue TOV npoeopo TTJ~ LlTJPOKpaTia~ eneatoeuiav OTTJV nOATJ ue aotuvoutxo au TOKiVTJ TO, OTO Pendik, eva ttpoaateio neoittou 20 piAla e~w ana TTJV nOATJ, aVTlAfJcp8TJKe TTJ oosapomta TWV «ataotaaetov orov OTapaTTJOe TO aUTOKivTJTO evac OXAO~ ttou cpwva(e «npWTa TTJV tteotouaia xai ueta TTJ (wfJ». 0 npw8unoupyo~ ecp8aoe OTTJV nOATJ OTI~ 11.30 «a: ue tic olaTaye~ TOU o atoatoc apXloe va eveovei. Htav ouox; aova ...

10 .... Em{3AfJ8TJKe oTpaTIWTlKO~ vouoc ... ouveAfJcp8TJoav pera~u 3 scu 4 XlAlaowv KOOpOU. 0 npw8unoupyo~ «cu 0 Ku{3epvfJTTJ~ TTJ~ nOATJ~ {3yfJKav OTOU~ opopou~ xcu exavov oplMe~ «a: KaTaoiKa(av tic (TJPle~ scu tic «ataotoooec, ... scu ecp8aoav eow xai aVTlTTpOOWnOI TTJ~ Llle8vou~ Tpane(a~ «cu TOU NOplOpaTlKOU Taueiou Yla TTJV LllaoKeljJfJ TOU~ eow. npocpavw~ uttapxouv nOAAoi TOUPKOI, ttou 8a fJ8eAav TOU~ aveoonouc autooc va PTJv {3pioKovTav OTTJV Touosia tu; ueoec eseivec.

11. To oxeolo o'paoew~ fJTav TO iolO «a: OTTJ 2PUPVTJ, ue TTJV esatoean OTl exe! tieoiooiomsav oticemeeoeu; evavtiov TWV EAAfJVWV a~IWpaTlKWV OTO apXTJyeio TOU NATO. To eAATJVlKO ttooseveio, TJ «oo«: eAATJVIKfJ eKKATJoia, 01 eAATJVlKOi OPOpOI, 10lwTlKa ottitia scu Ka8e Tl TO eAATJVIKO eiyav uttoatei eni8eoTJ, «ae! fJ «ataotocupei. Ta atauata aoipaseku; fJrav «ata yevlKfJ ouosovia oe nAfJpTJ anoaiia, av «a. otpaTlWTe~ eiyav enep{3el «a: otauatnoei TTJV «ataotpoqm TOU BpeTavlKou Fpaeeiou nATJPOcpOPlWV, ttaooso ttou exel fJoTJ naee. (TJPla ano TO nAfJ80~ rrou (TJTOUOe eva EAATJva tatoo OTO navta nattaua. To nAfJ80~ npoottaenoe ettianc va apna~el TOU~ EAATJVe~ ttou Aex8TJKe tuoc eixav em{31{3aoTei OTa {3peTavlKa ttsoia, «Brescia» xcu «uvorno», ouox; oev ta xataeeoav. Ta mo oo{3apa eneiootua ue nosmxec olaoTaoel~ eivtu 01 erueeoeu; OTOU~ EAATJVe~ a~IWpaTlKOU~ TOU apynvetou TOU NA TO, ottou evac 2uvTaypaTapXTJ~ scu TJ ou(uyo~ TOU nATJyw8TJKav ...

12. E~TJyfJoel~ Yl' aura ro ouusavta eowoav oe eKTaOTJ oe ouveooia TTJ~ E8voouveAeUOTJ~ 0 npw8unoupyo~ «a: 0 {3oTJ8o~ TOU OTI~ 12 2enTep{3piou. 2uvonTlKa 01 olaoTJAwoel~, ntav oe nAfJpTJ vvtaan TTJ~ Ku{3epvfJoew~, scu 01 onaopwolKe~ ttuoooOTfJoel~ TWV e8vlKloTlKWV al08TJpaTWV eYlvav «a: ue tu; avaeooec OTOV tutto

59


ttox; Ol EAATJvee; otnv Kunpo eiyav orono va xataooasouv roue; TOupKOKunpLOUe; otic 28 Auvouotou (naoetuutttovtox; «aeauto uneoeuvr; yLQ autouc roue; tjJl8upouc eivat TJ roUPKlKTj Ku{3epvTJoTJ, tau opiouevot Tooocoxunoiot aoeAcpoi roue; ... ) Ilepav oiuac, rwv CPUOlKliJV oioenuatow «cu rwv npo{ewv rwv ipotmtiav, uttnoyav oxoteivec ouvopele;, KOKKlVOl npactooec, KaKo{3ouAol lOlwree;, Ol onoioi aonaiav tnv euscuoia va «avouv KecpaAaLO ra Qlo8Tjpara atn xwpa «cu ettetpeoav vtpottn «cu UAlKTj «ataotooqm.

13. To va ipoottaoouue ro {3apoe; otouc KOKKlVOUe; noaxtooec tpaivercu noAu euKoAo «a: Ka8oAou tieianxo orov eyouue enaveisnuuevee oTJAWOele; yLQ TOGa XPOvla atto tnv touonxr; KU{3epvTJOTJ OTl uovaya eAaXlorol «ouuouviotec unapyouv atnv xwpa xtu OXeoov avikavot Yla ononnote. TTJv iOla evtumaoti exel eni rou ttooxeiuevou «a: autti TJ Iloeotseia. MeXPl «a: ot toopnxec apxee; uac Aeve nose uovaya 60 - 70 eivai «ouuouviotec atto roue; ouAATJcp8evree;. EnOMENDX n%x HTAN 0 ynEyeYNOX; noAAoi Aeve tuoc ntav uta ole{oOOe; avtitipaonc rwv cprwxwv ... ouox; auroi Sev uttooouoav va oovaviaoouv tetoia ttoavuata. To tuo rueavo eivoi 0 ouvbeouoc «H Kunooc eivai TOUPKlKTj». 0 ouvtieouoc 8a npenei va eueuvetoi Yla rTJ ouotnuanm «ataotootpt; rwv eAATJvlKWV nepLOUaLWV, tnv avaYVWPlOTJ roue; ue ra{i, KrA ... ea npenei ettiotv; va eivoi utieoeuvoc yLQ tic oOTJyiee; va PTJv yivouv CPOVOl eooaov neoiooiouevec eivai neoutttaoeu; nsnvtoueviov ttou uac exouv avcupeoeei. 'Ouox; Sev ruoteiua OTl 0 ouvtieouoc autoc eueuvetai Ka8' OAOKATJpiav Yla tic ueeooeuuevec «ataotoooec ttou aKoAou80uoav tic olaoTJAwoeu; oute yLQ tic AeTJAaoiee; «a: KatjJlpo rwv eAATJVlKWV eKKATJOlWV «a. oxoAeiwv, tic {3e{3TJAWoele; oro vexootcupeio oro XloATj cute yLQ tic erueeoeu; otic tteoiouoiec ueiovomtosv.

14. Mla aAATJ rueavotnta eivai TJ totuxri opvavioon rou l1TJPoKpaTlKou Kouuatoc. Ynaoye! OxeTlKa eYKupTJ nATJPocpopia ttou Aeel ruoc pera{u rwv apXTJYwv rwv OLQoTJAwrwv Tjrav «a: avtutoooianoi rou «ouuatoc autou, elolKa ora vnoia rou Mappapa «cu oU(TJreirQl ro eeua ttox; ro uovo nOAlTlKO «ouua atn xwpa ttou eivai ucavo yLQ «an tetoio eivcu ro l1TJPoKpaTlKo Kouua. Auro eivai aATj8eLQ, ouox; Sev moteiua OTl ro «ouua, extoc; ana opiaueva atoua, uttopouv va eivai euouveionta uneueuva yLQ tetoiac KAipaKae; «ataatooeec. Eav etoi exouv ra ttoavuata, xcu naAl uevouue ue ro eptatnua: n%x HTAN ynEyeYNOX; ...

15 .... Eva rTJAeypaCPTJpa ana tnv avtutooatoneia uac ora Hvtoueva E8vTJ Aeel tuoc oi TOUPKOl Sev ttpoxettcu va {3pouv ouunapaotatec ora H. E. «cu 0 npeo{3TJe; uac oro BeAlypaol exel eisonomoe: OTl Ol ILouYKooAa{3ol eivai lOlairepa 80pu{3TJpeVOl yLQ tnv «ataotaon. Autec; oi avtiopaae«; ouox; otuoc ypacpel xcu 0 Sir Pierson Dixon, oev eivoi «a: TOGO oiKalee; eoooov peXPl ttptv 15 uepec eivat ot EAATJvee; ttou eurtaivav yLQ tic tpaoapiec. H 8uPTJoTJ rwv avpiottinov evavtiov rwv Aouevuov xcu ttaoouoia etteioooia o{3Tjvouv ypTjyopa otnv roupKlKTj iatooia, «a: elolKa orov ra coo enoeav TJ noATJ «cu TJ XPUPVTJ Sev npo{3aAAovral otuoc ra ooa ola{3a-

[:

60

KONITANTINovnOAH - 6 IEnTEMBPIOY 1955

oaue tuoc OUVt!3T]KQV OTT] Booeu: ACPP1Kf/, f/ QnO OTi unooei VQ oU/l!3ei QnO WPQ oe WPQ OTT] MtOT] AVQTOAf/. Exw O/lWC; OUVQVTf/oel eAoXloroUC; ~tVOUC;, VTOmOUC; f/ enioxentec, QnO TIC; eKQTOVTOOSC; ttou uttnoyav eow aTT]V nOAT] TIC; neooouevec 10 ueoec, ttou oe 8ewpouv TIC; OIQoT]AWOelC; ox; vtpottn KQl QVQ/lCP10!3f/TT]TT] /lQPTUpia ttox; T] TOUPKiQ txel nOAA 0, nOAAo XPOVlQ VQ OIQVUOel QKO/lQ, ttpotou uttopeoei «atuoc VQ oleKolKei IOOTI/liQ ue TT] fJ.UOT]». 5

3) H TpiTI1 'EK8Eol1l1~EP. 5.10.1955. To KEi~EVO EXEI ec E~ri~: « ..• (enQVQAQ/l!3ovel OP10/ltVQ nooavaeeoeevta) ...

4. Movo OTT]V nOAT] 01 (T]/lltC; f/TQV oe TtT010 enineso ttou VQ ennoeaoouv ooeaoa TT]V OIKOvo/liQ. 0 eAAT]V1KOC; nAT]8uo/l0C; TT]C; nOAT]C; QP18/lei nepittou 80.000, ana roue onoiouc 25.000 eivoi EAAr]Vec; unnxoo. KQl 01 unosoino: TOUPKOI unf/Ko- 01. H eAAT]V1Kf/ K01VOTT]TQ eivcu OUatQOTlKQ eunoooa; KQl eAtyxel tVQ /leyoAo ueooc TT]C; OIKOVo/liQC; OTT]V KWVOTQvTlVOUnOAT]. E101KO «aumte. eioavtovec KQl e~Qywytc; A1QV1Kf/C; nWAT]OT]C;... 01 OIQoT]AwoelC; f/TQV /lIQ ueeoseuuevt; eniseot; OTIC; tteoiouoiec TWV EAAf/VWV. EAAT]V1KO 10PU/lQTQ ottox; EKKAT]oiec;, IxoAeiQ KQl KQTQOTf//lQTQ f/TQV 01 KUP101 OTOXOI TWV OIQOT]AWTWV ... EAOX10TQ oxoAeiQ KQl eKKAT]oiec; YAUTWOQV evi» KQVtVQ oxesov KQTOOTT]/lQ EAAT]VQ txel yAuTwoel ...

5. nQPOAO ttou 01 OIQOT]AWTtC; eigav KQ8QPo OTOXO TT]V eAAT]V1Kf/ K01VOTT]TQ, oe nOAAtc; neomttaoeu; ueoa OTOV eV80U01QO/l0 TOUC; txouv npoxaseos: (T]/lltC; KQ1· oe neoiouotec oMwv ueiovotnttov tt.y. TWV E!3PQiwv, TWV Apuevitov, KQl ~tvwv KQTOiKWV.

6. fJ.e yvwpi(ou/le ue atYOUP10 TO ulJ1oc; TWV (T]/lIWV KQl ttotxpavtac oe 8Q unopeOOU/le note VQ TO uasouue ue oaqmveia. fJ.10cpopec; eisaoiec oeovouv TO noaa QUTO oe 350 e«. T.1t 0 EAAT]VQC; npo~evoc; Atel nox; toOo KQTQOTf//lQTQ Kat euttoP1KO OIKf//lQTQ ttou QVf/KOUV OTOUC; EAAT]Vec; KQl 3.000 ttou QVf/KOUV oe EAAT]Vec; ue TOUPK1KT] unT]KOOTT]TQ txouv KQTQOTPQcpei. Autix; 0 unoAoY10/l0C; oe OU/lnepIAQ/l!30- vel TIC; (T]/liec; KQl KQTQOTpOcptC; OTIC; eKKAT]oiec; KQl TQ IxoAeiQ. 01 (T]/lltC; oev unopOUV VQ unOAOY10TOUV OOOV QCPOPO TIC; eKKAT]oiec; Yl!lTi OU/lnepIAQ/l!30VOuv KQl El«ovec (QYIOYPQcpiec;) ttou sev unooouv note VQ QVT1KQTQOTQ80uv ...

7. H tuo tVTOVT] KQTQOTPOCPf/ tYlve OTT] Aewcpopo TOU tteoa, TO KtVTPO TT]C; QYOpOC; OTT]V KWVOTQVTlVOUnOAT]. I' QUTf/ TT]V 000 uttapyouv 250 KQTQOTf//lQTQ Kat eOTlQTOplQ ttou untoTT]OQV enieean. Movo 97 KQTQOTf//lQTQ ttou QVf/KOUV OTOUC; TOUPKOUC; MOUOOUA/lOVOUC; yAUTWOQV. TQ KQTQOTf//lQTQ TWV EAAf/VWV ntav exeiva nou eiyav TQ KQAUTepQ eunooeouata, OT]AQOf/ eioT] POUX10/lOU, 01K1QKO eioT], XPUOQCP1KO KTA. Yrro KQVOvlKtC; ouv8f/Kec;, T] xataotpoum f/TQV TOOT] ttou oe 8Q uttooouoe to OUOTlJ/lQ A1QV1Kf/C; tuosnoeox; VQ enQvtA8el OTlJV O/lQAOTT]TQ TOOO ypf/yoPQ. KQl outoc, tYlve, XOpT] «uoiox; OTT]V ENEP,HTIKOTHTA, THN EMMONH KAI EnJMONH TWV E/\/\HNDN KQTQOTT]/lQTQPXWV, 01 ottoioi TT]V ettouevn K10AQC; ueoa ap-

61


Xloav va eTTlOlOp8wvouv tic neoiouoiec TOU~ «cu va TTePlJ,la(eUOUV OTl ntav ouvaTO va olaow8ei ueoa aTTO ra eoeitua ... Mla TTepiePY17 TTepiTTTW017 ntav OJ,lW~, {acpvlKr7 eJ,lcpOVl017 J,leYOAOU aTTo8tJ,laTO~ yuaAlwv OT17v KwvoraVTlVOUTTOA17 ... Ol aVTlTTpOOWTTOl TWV OlKlaKwv elOWV eyouv KTUTT178ei oosaoa, TWV PH/LC~, NORGE «a:

HOTPO/NT, OAWV aUTwv ra otxnuara exouv ttase: (17J,llt~ «a: UTTOAOyi(ouv tic (17- J,llt~ aotec OTl~ aTTo8r7Ke~ oe TTepiTTOU 2 e«. T.II. Ilepittou 100 UTTOAA17AOl eyouv aTToAU8ei.

9. YTTOPXOUV TTepiTTOU 2000 'EAA17Ve~ unobnuatottoioi OT17V nOA17 «a: TWV TTeplOOOTtpWV ra «ataotnuata txouv «ataotocupei. nOAAO J,llKPO tunovoaceia eyouv naee: oosaoec (17J,llt~, OJ,lW~ tic TTePlOOOTepe~ (17J,llt~ ioox; va tXel TT08el TO eJ,lTTOPlO «a: 17 {3l0J,l17xavia eTTiTTAWV. H KaAr7 TTOlOT17ra eTTiTTAWV ntav e{' OAOKAr7POU OTa xtpla EAAr7VWV «cu ra eovaseia TOU~ tXOUV KAaTTei ...

12. T17V nueoa TWV taoaxev 0 npOeOpO~ «cu 0 npW8UTTOUPYO~ eiyav UTTOOXe8ei aTTO(17J,liW017 ... OJ,lW~ uia avoxoivtaori TTOU 017J,lOOleU817Ke OTl~ 10 XeTTTeJ,l{3p{OU, ouJ,lTTeplAOJ,l{3aVe «a: avaoooa OTl 8a noenei va y{vouv «a: 8uoie~ atio eKe{VOU~ TTOU ettaeav tic (17J,llt~ «a: oUVtXl(e Atyovra~ TTW~ ro 8UJ,laTa noenei va KOVOUV uta vta TTpOOTT08ela va {avapx{oouv tu; OOUAelt~ touc. MtXPl ttapa ro J,lOVO npavua TTOU ekave 17 Ku{3tpv17017 r7rav va TTA17PWOel 1 e«. T.II. oro Op8ooo{o Ikitoiaoyeio Yla T17v eTTlOlOp8w017 72 eAA17VlKWV eKKA170lWV. XUJ,lcpwva ue TOV 'EAA17va npO{eVO OT17v nOA17, aUTO TO TTOOO Oe cp80Vel Yla T17V eTTlOlOp8W017 uiac «cu J,lOVOV EKKA17- oiac oro TaK{iJ,l, 17 ottoia «a: tYlVe TTapaVOAWJ,la T17 VUXTa TWV taoaytav. 0 YTTOUpvoc nalOeia~ eTTi017~ avoxoivtooe T17 Ol08e017 rou TTOOOU TWV 106,000 T.II. Yla T17V eTTlOlOp8W017 0XoAeiWV. Ka8w~ 32'eAA17VlKO «cu 8 aouevtsa 0XOAeia eiyav TTo8el (17J,llt~, TTOAAO TTOAU ootsaoec; «cu aUTO ro TTOOO eivai J,l170aJ,llVO ae OUYKPl017 ue tic (17J,llt~.

15. 0 aTTWTePO~ OKOTTO~ TWV rapaxwv r7Tav va enupeoouv T17 J,leyaAUTeP17 ouvaTr7 (17J,110 «cu ouoKoAia oe tva J,leYOAO atueuo aveoetuov.

17. Ilio ooisaoo Yla TO J,ltAAOV, ioox; va eivai ro OOK TTOU eneeeoav Ol taoaxec OT17VeJ,lTTlOroOUv17 TWV J,lelOVOTr7TWV «cu {tvwv eJ,lTTOpWV. nOAAO atto ra J,ltA17 touc J,llAOUV ttboa TTW~ 8a TTOUAr700UV tu; eTTlXelpr70el~ TOU~ «cu va tpuvouv ano T17 xwpa «cu TO vpatpeio T17~ npeo{3eia~ uac, uneoeuvo Yla {3i(e~, tXel /30J,l{3apolOTei aTTO ePWTr70el~ Yla J,leravOOTeU017 oe XWPe~ T17~ KOlVOTTOAlTeia~. H017 ooiouevec emxeianosu; oro KtVTPO T17~ TTOA17~ eyouv aAAO{el xtpla. H ouoKoAia e{aywYr7~ ouvaAAoYJ,laro~ OJ,lW~, tpoivetai va eivai ro J,lOVO eJ,lTTOOlO Yla J,leTaVOOTeU017 uevaA17~ KAiJ,laKa~. Ol KOlVOT17Te~ TWV J,lelOVOTr7TWV EXOYN ynO(/)EPE/ nOAAEX LlOK/MAX/EX XTO nAPEABON KA/ TlX EXOYN =EnEPAXE/ OAEX. ynAPXE/ KABE ENLlEEH nos KA/ TA npOX(/)ATA fEfONOTA LlEN BA AnOTEAEXOYN E=A/PEXH.

18. AVTiypacpa otouc npeO{3eUTt~ T17~ Bpetoviac OT17v OUOOlYKTWV, T17V A8r7va,

62

KONITANTINovnOAH·6 IEnTEMBPIOV 1955

TT]V Avtmpootoneia OTa H. E8vT], OTT]V Eupwnaikf/ KOlvoTT]Ta, OTO Yttouoveio OiKOVOPlKWV, TO Tunua Eurtopiou, TT]V Tpcme(a TT]~ AyyMa~ au OTO Tunua Export Credit Guarantee». 6

(0 IUVTCtKTTJe; TWV eK9toewv aUTWv nrcv 0 Bperovoc 5mAWllaTlKOe; Michael stewart, 0 onoioc oe ueroveveorepo Xpovo napeupt9TJKe KCl OTO «IelllVCtplO TTJe; PWIlTJe;» TOV NOEIl~PlO TOU 1973. BAEne 0IlWVUIlO ~1~AiO, EK500TJ nOv-riKl, TOU M. lvvorlou).

o XIKptT MITIA (Hikmet Bi/)

To noaa yvwpl~av 01 ovdrrspec ~peTavlKte; Apxte; Yla TTJV npoOTuXTJ exslvn oxeuwpia ele; ~CtpOe; TOU EAATJVlOIlOU ortoxoxurrrsror ue TO rno KCtTW TTJAeYPCtq>TJlla, nou lleTa~I~CtOTTJKe Aiyee; e~50Ila5ee; npiv TIe; 6.9.1955. IUYKeKp1lltva TO anOppTJTO aUTO IlnVulla q>Epel nusp, 21 10uAiou 1955. EOTCtATJ: Ano TO Foreign Office npoc TTJV A9nva (npeo~eia) ana eurnoreunxec rtxnpoeoptec ana TTJV KWVOTaVTlVOUnoATJ. (TIe; ortolec eV5elKTlKCt OUTe 0 Stewart TTJe; npeo~eiae; yvWpl~e!).

«0 Hickmet BiI, npoespoc TOU ouvseouou «H Kuttoc«; etvat TOUPKlKf/», «cu 0 Kamil Onal, ,eVlKO~ -roauuateac, npoteivouv va nave aeoonoouaoc OTT]V Kuttoo OTl~ 2 iousiou yLQ enaipec ue TOU~ nvetec TT]~ TOUPKlKf/~ xoivotntac exei «a: pen] OTO I\ovoivo OTl~ 25 tousiou Yla va KOVOUV AopTTl evouie: TT]~ npoKeipevT]~ olooKe<jJT]~. 8a ouvavtnsoov ese! ue TOV npoesoo TT]~ E8vlKf/~ ouoonovsux; TOUPKWV CPOlTT]TWV. /\tve ttox; «cu avtutooototteia TOUPKWV TT]~ Kunoou 8a Ta{loeuoel pa(i TOU~.

2. Xupcpwva ue TO Hickmet Bil T] TOUPKlKf/ Ku{3tpvT]OT] txel owoel TO lOOTlPO noaa TWV 3.000 AlPWV Yla ra t{ooa TT]~ ouvoseiac.

3. 0 Bil eAni(el va tA8el oe ettaipt; ue ptAT] TOU oup{3ouMou, ouuneoisausavouevou TOU K. Willian Yates «cu va e{T]yf/oel TT]V TOUPKlKf/ OTOOT] notv TT] olooKe<jJT] (eAni(el OTl 8a aoytoe: OTl~ apxt~ AUYOUOTOU). 8a oac titav euvvcuuov yLQ ottoiavbnttote {30f/8ela unooei va owoel TO tunua OTT]V ouvoseia emoxenrev OTO 1\ 0 vsivo. MnopeiTe va eTTlKOlvwvf/aeTe pa(i TOU ueota TOU TOupKOKUnpLQKOU Xuvseouou esei.

4. 0 Bil sev eivai «cu noAu otaeeooc xapaKTf/pa~, ouox; ro noel KaAo ue TT]V npeoissia aum, «at Ol lote~ TOU oev eivcu «cu TOOO e{TpeplOTlKt~ 000 ttapouoiaim TO ovoua «H Kuttoc«; eivai TOUPKlKf/-». 8a oac avtanosooei ue OlaKplTlKoTT]ra onoiavstmote {30f/8ela TOU npoopeoete». (6)

·OXI IlOVO yvwpl~av Xomov 01 Bpernvol, aAACt ana TOV 10UAlO ~oTJ90uoav TOV Hikmet Bil, opvovo TTJe; TOUpKlKne; Ku~tpVTJOTJe;.

LTTJV Kunpo rtpoeoooc TTJe; 0PYCtVWOTJe; cumc nrcv 0 5p. KOUTOOUK, uersrrerro cvnrtooeopoc TTJe; KunplaKne; LlTJIlOKpaTiae;.

63


TTlAEypCq>Tllla nuep, 8 ~EnTEIl~piou 1955 ana TO APXTlYEio TOU NATO (SACEUR) npoc iSlCq>OpEe; OllciSEe; me ~ullilaxiae; IlE ovrtvpceo npoc TO rCAAO Ynoupvo f\IlUvae;, TO Bpsrovo Ynoupvo f\IlUVae; xo. TOV OIlOAOYO TOUe; one; HVWIlEvee; noAlTELEe; AIlEplKT'Je; Em~E~aLWVE nc ~lQlOnpaYLEe; TWV ToupKWV evovrtov TWV EAAT'JVWV oTpanWTlKWV nou T'JTav onoortcouevot oTTlV urmpeoto TOU NATO. ~UYKEKPlIlEva evporpe IlETa~u CAAWV TO oXETlKO TTlAEypcq>rllla:

-Kata T'1 OlaPKela TWV OlaO'1AWoeWV OT'1 Xpupv'1 x8ee;, 01 OlaO'1AWTee; etuteennav oe 5 ottitia 5 EAAr]VWV A~lwpaTIKwv «cu evac EAA'1vae; XuvraypaTapX'1e; exel nA'1- yw8ei. H EAA'1VIKr] Ku{3epv'1o'1 olera~e T'1V anOpaKPUVO'1 OAWV TWV oixoveveuav ana T'1 Xpupv'1. 01 EAA'1veq a~lwpaTIKoi ea ttaoauetvouv. To nocno aePOnAaVO ipeuve: ana T'1 Xpupv'1 otu; 14.00 onueoa. XUVOAIKa eeovouv 72 e~apTwpeva ncoooma (oucoveveiec). H EAA'1VIKr] Ku{3epv'1o'1 O'1AWVel tuoc '1 aOcpaAela TWV oixoveveubv eivai e8vlKr] eu8uv'1 «a: OXI eu8uv'1 TOU NA TO.

o Nauapxoe; Fechteler eoteise unvuua OTO XTpaT'1YO Read OT'1 XpUPV'1 Kat (r]T'1- oe va TOU ~eKa8apioel ro vsvovorc.

XTle; 21.30 torukn ooa nnpa TO tuo KaTW unvuua ana TOV Ynouovo Auuvcu; T'1e; EAAaOae; K. KaveAAonouAo. «Ka8we; oac e~r]Y'1oa OTO T'1Aecpwvo, avauevta avacpooa oac Yla ro vsvovorc evtop«; T'1V tteuntn. ea oac evnueoooo: (otav nao» T'1V avaoooa) nox; va avtiuetiomotei '1 TOUPKIKr] Ku{3epv'1o'1. Xe oxeo'1 u' aUTO. 8a r]8eAa va pa8w noiec 01 eveoveiec TOU Read «cu noise 01 ola{3e{3alwoele; nou

eowoe'1 TOUPKIKr] Ku{3epv'1o'1». .

Xr]pepa TO npwi nnoa TO aKOAou80 pr]vupa ana TO ApX'1yeio TOU Naoaayou Fechteler: «H avaeooa Yla etueeoe«; evavtiov atutuav EAAr]VWV A~lwpaTIKwv em{3e{3atwveral ... To apX'1yeio ouveyioe ouasa Tie; eovaotec TOU Ka8oA'1V T'1V 7'1 XenTep{3piou. Ettianun avasolvtovn T'1e; AYKupae; eKcppa(el T'1 Aun'1 T'1e; Yla ra yeyovoro «cu unoayettu va OUAAa{3el TOUe; evoyouc».

Xupcpwva ue T'1V nA'1Pocpopia OTO T'1Aeypacp'1pa aUTO, oev npotieeiuu va npo{3w oe onoiasnnote olapapTupia ttooc T'1V TOUPKIKr] Ku{3epv'1O'1».

0, BpeTovoi orroTptrrouv epeuva TOU NA TO

To rno KCTW ELVQl KELIlEVO TTlAEypaq>T'JllaToe; ana TTl ~pETavlKT'J cvnrtpootorteto oTO NATO npoc TO Foreign Office nuep, 9.9.1955. EVTlIlEPWVEl TO /\OViSLVO Yla TTlV ouvEiSpia TOU NATO, Tl onolo tAa~E xwpav oTO napiOl, IlE Stlla ro YEyovoTa TTle; 6Tle; ~EnTEIl~pLOU 1955.

«Ztu; 9 XenTep{3piou 1955 0 I\opooe; Ismay KaAeOe eKTaKT'1 ouvesota TOU Xup{3ouXiou TOU NA TO Yla va oU('1T'180UV 01 emseoeu; svcvnov TWV EAAr]VWV a~lwpaTI.KWV nou ottnoetouoav oro NA TO Kat yeVIKa '1 KaTaOTaO'1 OT'1 Xpup V'1.

o I\opooe; Ismay ~eKiv'1oe T'1 ouvesoia tovtiovtac tuoc ro yeYOVOTa OT'1V Toup-

64


«ia tXOUV nposaseoe: J.1£yaATJ (TJJ.1la ara IO£WOTJ «at aTTJV a{LOnptn£la TOU NA TO. H tKraKTTJ ouveooia ntav OIKr'J TOU naortotsousia, «atotuv etuxoivtovtas; ttou eixe J.1a(i TOU 0 LTpaTTJYo~ Gruenther. 0 teseutaioc £iX£ J.1a8£1 atto TO Nauaoyo Fechteler ttox; 01 TOUPKOI eiyav eruteeei eta ottitta 5 EAAr'JVWV A{IWJ.1aTIKWV aTTJ

LJ.1UPVTJ···

o TOUPKO~ exnoooomoc ttaiovovtac TO AOYO, cine tuoc TJ Ku{3tpVTJar'J TOU ntav nOAu aT£VOXWPTJJ.1tVTJ J.1£ ra vsvovoro «cu npoonouienxe ttox; TOU~ £ixav {acpvlaoei «cu TOU~ iOlou~. laxupiaTTJK£ tuoc ra npavuata ntav uno tA£YXO «cu Ola{3£{3aiwac ttox; 01 tVOXOI 8a TIJ.1WpTJ80uv. Ettionc, 0r'JAwa£ ruoc TJ Ku{3tpVTJar'J TOU £iX£ r'JOTJ uaotuoiec ttox; ra vevovoro aTTJv Touoeia, aAAa «cu aTTJ 8£aaaA0 ViKTJ, ntav oouA£la TWV K0J.1J.10UVlaTwv. Tautoypova, noooeeoe nux; TJ KOIVr'J YVWJ.1TJ aTTJv Touosta ntav {3a8la £VOXATJJ.1tVTJ ana TO «uttpuuco npo{3ATJJ.1a «cu ttox; TJ Toupsia anooointei Ka8£ £u8uvTJ.

o EAATJVa~ exnooaomoc K. E{TJVTaPTJ~, 0r'JAwa£ ttox; ouaTuxw~ o£v uttooouae va O£X8£i TOU~ TOUPKIKOU~ ioyuotauouc. H OIKaloAoyia «cu TJ £nippH/JTJ TTJ~ £u8uvTJ~ otouc K0J.1J.10UVlaTt~ o£v euataeouoe. 0 Xpovo~ ttou auvt{3TJKaV 01 TOUPKIKt~ {3lalOTTJT£~ {£Klvwvra~ J.1£ TO aar'JJ.1aVTO aUJ.1{3av aTTJ 8£aaaAOviKTJ tpaveoosvav TTJV npOJ.1£A£TTJJ.1tVTJ npa{TJ TTJ~ OATJ~ unoeeonc, Ynr'JPX£ aVTJaUXTJTlKr'J 0J.1010TTJra eta vsvovorc TTJ~ nOATJ~ «cu TTJ~ LJ.1UPVTJ~. LTTJ ouveyeia api8J.1TJa£ 0 EAATJva~ eknpooionoc TI~ «ataotpotpec «cu etueeoeu; evavtiov EKKATJOlWV aTTJv KtovoravrivounOATJ «cu £AATJVIKa enionua I OpuJ.1ara. fjr'JAwa£ ttox; TOUPKIKt~ evottse«; OuvaJ.1£I~ eiyav Aa{3£1 ueooc aTI~ etueeoeu; «cu KaTTJyopTJa£ tic TOmKt~ TOUPKIKt~ ApXt~ Yla oAIywpia, aueseu: Ka8TJKOvTO~ ...

01 avtmpoatonoi TTJ~ laAMa~, B£A yiou, ITaMa~ «cu ttootovasiac Or'JAwaav ttox; onoiaonnote naocusiaon TTJ~ evottitac TTJ~ LUJ.1J.1axia~ ntav KaKw~ XPOVOAOYTJJ.1tvTJ, «cu nox; av 01 etueeoeu; r'Jrav ttoavuati K0J.1J.10UVlaTIKr'J eveoveia, 8a ettoene va OI£p£uvTJ80uv nAr'Jpw~ ra npavuato «cu va £vTJJ.1£pw8£i TO LUJ.1{3ouAIO (TOU NA TO).

TOT£ 0 AJ.1£pIKaVo~ esttooaomoc K. Martin J.1£ nap£J.1{3aTlKr'J eionvnor; TOU, uno{3a8- uioe TTJV npotaon yLQ l/Jr'JCPlaJ.1a, tovtiovrac ttox; 0 !\opoo~ Ismay £iX£ un£p{3aA£1 ooov oooooooe tu; apVTJTlKt~ etuttuboeic ...

(0 "A.oyoc" ~t~ata, ovnxnrrroc. H Toupxlo elver Ilt"A.oc, TOU NATO Kat ouoo"A.wc, 8a 1'l8E"A.av OL Bperuvot va EKTE8El 11 Toupxic, a"A."A.6. OUTE Kat 11 OLKI'l TOUC, ouvepvootc).

Eyw (Bp£ravo~) eitta tuoc 8a ntav av£m8UJ.1TJTO yLQ TO LUJ.1{3ouAIO va ol£{aY£1 eoeuva yLQ ra AITIA «cu tic A£nTOJ.1tp£I£~ TWV taoayo»: Kcu noooeeoa tuoc onotaonttote 0r'JAWaTJ J.1£Ta TTJ Ar'J{TJ TTJ~ ouveooiac 8a ettpene va ouvxevtptavetai aTTJ onuaoia TTJ~ OJ.1aAr'J~ auvtXlaTJ~ TWV eovaouav TOU APXTJy£iou aTTJ LJ.1UPVTJ·

LTO tescx; TTJ~ Luv£opia~ onoipaoiotnxe va J.1TJv £Ko08£i avaxoiviaon ... H aTJ.10- oipatoa J.1£ra{u EAAr'JVWV «cu TOUpKWV ntav ipavepa £KPTJKTIKr'J, OJ.1W~ 8a noenei va

65


eixav tteioee! yta mv aVOYKTJ, ccuvouevisa rOUAOxtarov, va ~tarTJPOUv pta ouuneoupooa rrOAlTlKrJe; aAATJAeyyUTJe;». 9

«Ilevre xpovta aovoteoa, otn ~iKTJ tnc nAOrTJe;, rrou eytve ueta ro noabxotmua inc 27TJe; Mafou 1960, arre~eix8TJ OTt ra vsvovorc rJrav noavuati ttoosoeatoia tnc Ku{3epvTJaTJe;· IKorrOe; tnc nrcv va eKcpo{3iaet tnv eAATJVtKrJ nseuoa yta tic auvoptMee; yupw atto ro nmotaso rrpo{3ATJpa, rrou ~te~oyovrav otnv TptpeprJ rou /\ov~ivou atto tic 29 Auvouotou 1955. Arro tnv aspoauatucn ~ta~tKaaia rrpoeKut/Je OTt eva atouo ronoeetnoe pta {3op{3a ato attin rrou yevvrJ8TJKe 0 Atatouo«, rrou {3piaKerat arov KrJrro rou rOUpKtKOU ttooseveiou inc eeooaso ViKTJe;. To atouo auro rJrav 0 OKrol EVYKiv, 0 ottoioc rnv erroXrJ eseivt; rJrav 'EAATJvae; rroMrTJe; Kat onueoa aoxei Ka8rJKovra VOPOPXTJ otnv rrOATJ Necpaextp».. (Ano T'lV ccEAEU8EpOTUnia» rnc Kurtpou 12 AnplAiou 1994, 'l ortolo TO avaiSrll.1OoiEUOE orto ap8po TOU rteprooucou «Axroue),» IlE TiTAO «Erot KaTtppEUOE 'l lloA'll»). Na onIlElW8Ei, rtec cueorspor, ZOPAOU Kat MEVTEpt~ (Y. E~WTEPlKWV Kat npw8unoupYO~ T'l~ Toupxlnc) IlETa T'lV iSiK'l T'l~ IlAaT'l~, EKTEAtoT'lKav. Ot TEAEuTaiE~ At~El~ TOU ZOPAOU nrcv: «ZrJrw TJ Touoxla».

01 KOIlIlOUVIOTtt;

. Kallllla avalll~Tl ~t~ata, iSEV Eixav Ol KOIlIlOUVlOTt~, Ka8w~ avacptpouv OE uto orto rtc EK8tOEl~ TOU~ Kal Ol Bpercvot iSmAWllaTlKOi a~lwllaTouxol ana TTlV KWVOTaVTlvOUnOA'l. Kat OIlW~, «opiouevoi «vvoxrtoi» «ouuouviotec, ue eTTlKecpaArJe; roue; A(i( Neoiv, xaaav I(erriv NTtvapo, XouAouai Ntoovtouvpou, Aoiu Mrre(tpr(i, AaAov Kat vap vray, ot ottotoi Sev eiyav «aiua axeoTJ ue ra vevovorc, naoeueivav xwpie; «aiua ~tKatOAoyia uno KpOrTJaTJ etti prJvee;». (Ano TTlV ccEAEU8EpOTUnia» rnc Kunpou 12.4.94).

IUIlCPwva IlE ~pETavlKt~ ovceooec ana TO ~pETaVlKO npO~EVEio OTTlV 6EooaAoviKTl rtpoc TO Bperovo npto~Tl OTTlV A8riva Sir Charles Peake, nuep, 22 6EKEIl~piou 1955, n Ka8apri wllri rtpuvuanxornro EiXE W~ E~ri~:

cc ••• nptV Myee; ueoe; 0 fjTJPomOe; Katnvopoc e~w otn eeaaaAoviKTJ, K. Itavavuarottousoc, rrpOaWTTlKO rTJAecpwvTJae oto roUPKtKO npo~eveio, Kat acpou ttnoe Kat rrOAt tnv i~ta anavtnon, eltte arov Fpauuarea, va pera{3t{3oaet otouc avtateoouc rou, tuoc; ro fjlKaarrJPlo etxe e~oualO~orTJaTJ va rov avaYKoael (rov K. MrraMv, teVlKo npo~evo) va «ataeeoei Kill unoooooe asoua va ~laro~el xcu rTJ aUAATJt/JrJ rou.

o TOUpKOe; npea{3TJe; oruoosnnore ~tapapruPrJ8TJKe - 0 MrraMv tturteuei ttox; we; anoteseaua rnc roupKlKrJe; ~lapaprupiae; 0 navaYlwrorrouAOe; 8a perare8ei, ouo»; asoua {3plaKeral aTT] 8eaTJ TaU.

Ettionua eixav «atnvoonoe: rov MrraMv, neplnou ttotv eva unva. ApvrJ8TJKe va Sex8el rTJ ~lKaaTlKrJ evroArJ Kat 0 ~lKaaTtKOe; KATJrrJpae; eixe rOlxoKoAArJ0el ro ~lKa-

66


aTiKO evvoaeo otnv ttoota rou ttooseveiou, aTT' OTTOU 0 MTTaMv ro {eKoAATJae. Anoteseitai, OTTWe; J.lOU Aeel, axeoov ano 40 aeMoee;. XUYKeKplJ.leVa «amvooet rov TOUPKO npo{evo Yla rTJ olopyovWaTJ rTJe; rOTToBerTJaTJe; tnc {3oJ.l{3ae; ue rrc evroAee; tnc AYKupae; Karo mv olopKela inc ttaoauovnc rou esei (ue OOela). Katttvooeitcu o TOUpKOe; Fevixc«; npo{eVOe; TTWe; etteotoeipe aTTO tnv AYKUpa ue toeic aueouaiVlKr'Je; «ataoneunc {30J.l{3ee;, tonosemuevec oe OmAWJ.laTiKO aOKKO. Tu; ottoiec uetespeoe «ai eKpUt/Je oe OWJ.l0TlO UTTTJperTJ rou Ilooieveiou - Boetavou UTTr'JKOOU (eivoi vuvaisa TJ utinoetoia xa: ouvxexoiueva TOYPKOKynPIA). 0 MTTaMv otri auveyeu: eoteis» KWOlKOTTOlTJJ.leVO rTJAeYPoCPTJJ.la otu; 5 XeTTreJ.l{3piou TTpOe; ro TevtKaATT, rov npo{evo, va eveovonouioes Tie; {3oJ.l{3ee; ro {OlO {3paou. XUJ.lcpwva ue roue; laXUplaJ.lOUe; rwv EAAr'Jvwv 0 TevlKoATT XPTJalJ.lOTTOiTJae tic unnoeotec evoc oAAou uTTaAAr'JAou rou npo{eveiou, rou MeXJ.ler OyAou xaoav «a: svoc J.laBTJrr'J" roupKlKr'Je; «atavtovnc; ano tnv KOJ.lorTJvr'J, rou EVYKiv, TTOU eoitoooe ue imotootpia inc TOUpKlKr'Je; Ku{3epVTJaTJe;, va oleuBerr'Jael rTJ aUYKeKplJ.leVTJ eKpTJ{TJ ... » (0 MnaAiv nrcv 0 reVLKO~ npo~evo~ OTT] SeooaAoviKT]). 10.

MeTe} TT]V ave~apTT]oia, I3pioKoulJe va enaVaAalJl30veTQL TO i6LO OKT]VLKO (cvncpceeoc). Tov icvouopro TOU 1963, lJeTO TT]V npol3oKaTopLK~ avaTiva~T] TOU rsuevouc Mna"ipaKTopT] OTT] Aeuxoolc, aVSeAAT]VLKt~ 6La6T]AWOeL~ TOOPKWV e~TpeIJLaTWV <pOLTT]TWV 6LopyavWST]KaV OTT]V KWVOTaVTLVOOnOAT] ...

To 1992 OAOKAT]pO Aew<popeio EAAa6LTwv nupnoA~ST]Ke OTT]V KWVOTaVTLVOOnOAT], evto rcuroxpovo uLOSeT~ST]Ke T] IJtS060~ TOU eunonouou (1992/93/94). Ave~tAeyKTa KaiyoVTQL KoSe KaAoKaipL XLAL06e~ orpeuucro KaAALepY~OLIJT]~ KQL 6aOLK~~ yT]~ OTa eAAT]VLKO VT]OLO KQL OTT]V IJT]TpOnOALTlK~ EAA06tl, aAAO KQL OTT]V eAeOSep~ lJa~ KOnpo ...

67


Q"r/(1rp ~.% ~,

Athena

PIIpIlc:bocl 10,54 9.9.55 k_wed 11.30 9.9.·55

_ ___,.._._---_ ... _--- •...... _ -- .. _--_._-.-- .. _ .. _---

No. 'S74 of september .s, ~95S •

. , . -~.-----

IRQ".. 'CopY NON

... .

Jlollo.iDS' l'8001\'8d Erom UKDEL' Paria. &dd1a •• Mdreeaea tD lI'o .. ,lgn ort:Lce tel .. r.m lJo." J.~. ot Septembe.. B rapeated tOI' :bif'ol'JllBt:l.orito '~k'l"8, '.Athe~B lIMED and SniDE to Bann, Waahtnston, 'Pal'ia aDd Qll' (ltb8~ BA'tO po .....

AbtiMGreok riot. in Turke,.

m Hittioi:rlo::l!:4t~i:p:.:!:in~8~!1~1f.ct:; :~eo:::!~

~pera"Blon8'ot thea. incident. on HATO in general end

. bt parUeul"r on t1l8 tunotlon:Lns of RATO beddl!Uartel'il 810

8111;11'ft.8 ~ •

o A6p~oc; Ismay KaAei tKTaKTIJ (1uve~pia TOU NA TO.

68

KONITANTINovnOAH - 6 IEnTEMBPIOV 1955

,

'n18 l"rl" Wnlat.lIl' 11118 u

Tfd ....... 110. IjoJ3 rl'Oll AUI or sep~ 1.

111 l'al'l~ph 2 lie hu 81 1~nad t.be pa888bII-

abDUl. U,e Greek d,s1daratuw IUId .. U.l.8n -Ho.·

"1U~ I'tItlll'8UDIl t.o the first. .ent.enoe of 1'I.rlltl.ItPl ... t.h .. 1'rl .. Itln18w obsel'Y1I8 11,,,.1 Ilflpt.l. Ul. lil8lUcln8 1IOtk."

'Cnllfa Btl"'l'ull'~

) -, 1'. 11(&1100011.. ,,*11" l'o"Cll~'1 1,,111'1111.

«)lUTe TO. tpappaKO va evepytjuel. «To eAA'1VIK6 ~la(J'1pa va P'1v anaVT'16ef».

69


;

In my unnumbered t~lelram ot the 6th o~ Soptattbel' J, l'epol'te4 tbut ser10us ,MU··Gl'eflk rtoting bnd broken out -inl&tmlbul tbat 'evenlpa. I now l1~ .. ve the honour to aubmlt Gl1 aocount ot the disturbanoos 48 the,. oppeur at a distanco ot 'aome claya~ 'J.'~ 1mme4Ut& ouuaa .. lh. so .. t.o Mve been a NPort rece1v04 th.reo 01' tOUl'houl'8 .GJ:'11er Bnd published bJ' two Istanbul papers ill .pe~lal even1nU 04i tlontl that J...tutUrkts birthplace 81'1d the Turkleh COllluLrttt 1n Salanika ha4 b.~n attacked and blown up by Ol'uek 4emonatratol'o. Thfp1'8 18, however. &'OOd "oean to believe that 4emonatrQt1ona on a ver, much smallor ecale had been planned e8r11el' to coincide mol'~ 01' le8. with tbe end ot the London oonr"renco on O)"prua. I w111 NV.~ tio this JlOl~t later_,

2. '1'be boJti, ~traso on Sa1on1.11 .~;'\l'S to 0

have clone 11ttle domaS8 but tbe Turk ... in Iettmbul and Xsmil' bnd alread7 been worked into f1 state ot con.lclCJrabl~ exoitement by uncampl'o.m181ns public aiatementa on Oypruo _de bJ the Turkish 'orelan JUnlete%' 4ul'ln~ the Londob Oonteronce aDd woek. of antl...Qruk Wl'1t1PS 1n the pNse, and t.he BalonUto. 111C14ent provided them fl1 th tho convell,1ent OPt)ortunit, to At.plaJ 1n 0. poculiarly bl'l.lt(ll and usoleos way tlwll" llatred 01~ -t1w G .. "\.'"¢ko.

3. 'this Enibl!lDsy' a firiit- ,1nUmc.tiou 01' tho 1';LotiJ\;j

WIlS tho BOUnd or breakil'l8 Blue elld Ghout,1nu at about

e o'oloolt at an open-air n1Sht club inilled1atol1 bo~o\'l

tho ambas., ~nr4en wall .h1c~ race. the Golden Horn.

tt ap~U'a, however!. that tbe 4omonatr4tlone 'b.~ .

about 6 o'clock in .".aka:tm Square, whare 1.\ lM:~aoc1'OW4. exalted b;y tho new. or the ou.tra,e in 8alon1ka' .. "re MI'ansue4 bV ll1lcmet Bl1, the pn.ent Presldent ot tbe "07Prua 1& 'J.\utklabn J.sBoc1atlon. The Pollce At''' r.upol't~d to have tr1.o4 to arre8t 811, wbo 4.t1e4 them witb the GUpport ot tho crowd. Whereupon th07 ucle no tupthul' attempt to intervene. Tho apeeche. fln1ahed, the mnln part. ot tho o~ etarte4 movJ.Ds clown Ietlklal C8dcloDl. the Main .treet 1n Pen, whl1e others went ort '" t.he 41root1on ot qalpa,a Qnd «lana tbe .. in baulevaZ'4 '",a1'48 ,1,11. file Ilt'aoke on ,bop., \he 4eatructlon

of 80048 and P1'Opert, and to Il .. ob 1101'. llmited oxtont tbe loot1nB. thon 'beaon. 'fh18 WAS Ilone with Q. _tbod

and 4etonalDt.l*ion .JUab ww14 baye Aone cN41,i to ;z .thoztO.;t,b-IO!I bo.r'baz-ian". Group" ot 'DUllS miSii Diiia- 0'

wilbUi. croiBiN and. under tbe lfurklah tlaa -

moat 8I'Oupa had tbeil' own etaD4ard b •• rer - .,.&hOd

tbo plate-,lDl. or whel'Q neo ••• ar,v bntterod throush eteell8hutter8 and e,.tomatlcBl1, rana~ok.4 tho ahops. tbre. tho oontents into tho .t"ot aftcl iro<t it unclo:rto.ot 01' othel'W1ae 4 •• tI'01e4- it.. JJoth trom my own ob •• rvettoh8 ~ I want em' 1'01' an hour about 8 o'olook an4. ap1n tow_rOc, 1R14nlpt, 8114 ~ what I lut,." b,eal'Cl f'rom other .. , DOl"'WJ the Pollce nor the ,al'l'18QJl troop. vmo ,I.re out" in SCIPIO i'ol'O. 'b7 8.30. lnaAe' anv reAl attempt to Nstmln tho rlot81'8. lid .. " tho Police 1n the Pel'C:~ 418tl'1ct, with

Mia am) TIC; eK8eueIC; y,a TIC; ToupKIKec; 8ap8ap6TI1Tec; UTI1V KlIJvUTaVTlvo(moAI1.

70

H f3peTavlK~ navouovia T17~ OlnA~~ aUTOOl{leea17~

I H ~T] E~riyT]Oa TO rtopooxnvto Kal rtpooxnvio, rtc 8tOEle; Kal rtpoaecerc

. TT]e; Bpernvloc aVo<pOpLKO IlE TT]V rtpoerouroolo Kat TOUe; OTOXOUe; TT]e;

Tpiuepouc AlOOKEllJT]e; OTO I\ov~ivo Kal TWV rtporccetcv Harding. To viorl TO ~tpOUIlE. rla va E~unT]pETT]80uv to !3pETavLKO Kal to TOUPKlKO (OUllllaXlKO) TWV ouueepovrc. Artouevet roco va E~T]YriOW:

1) nwe; rtooeanocv TT] ~tnAri aUTo~108EOT] OTT]V Kunpo, ~T]Aa~ri TT] ~lXOTOIlT]OT] (TO status TWV cc~UO Aawv» nou EntKaAEiTal 0 NTEVKTOe; KaL nou npow80uv Kat or ccl~tEe; rKOAl» «crrtoocurtovcccouv ro «Merpo OlKO~OIlT]oT]e; EllntOTOOUvT]e;») .

.

2) Touc Aoyoue; vio TOUe; ortolouc !3E!3laolltva tKAEloav TO Kunproxo IlE rtc OUIlq>WViEe; ZupiXT]e; Kal I\ov~ivou.

3) H onueoivn ~lxoTolllKri AUOT] nou !3pioKETal Kal !3puKoAaKlo~El OTO Tpant~l TWV ~LanpaYllaTEuOEWV Yla AUOT] TOU Kunpmxou, tXEl rplo ororxelc, To AIKOINOTIKO OTOlXEio, TO AIZONIKO, Kal TO OMOInONAIAKO, 8a ~OUj.lE ana n6TE XPOVOAOYOUVTal Ol Eq>lOATEe; aUTOt. Ot ortotoi 35 XPovla IlETO TT]V llJEuToaVE~apTT]oia TT]e; naTpi~ae; j.lae;, (EAaq>pWe; ~laq>oponOlT]j.ltvol XOpT] one ccpEaAlOTlKte;» ~lKte; Ilae; anapo~EKTEe; napaxwprioEle; IlETO TT] oXE~laolltvT] TOUPKlKT] El0!30AT] TOU 1974) ouvEXi~ouv va uocnvevouv Kal va EYKAW!3i~ouv TT]V EAEu8Epia TT]e; naTpi~ae; Ilae;.

(IT]Il.: Ol ccl~tEe; rKOAl» rtoorcanxcv orro TOV r. rpallllaTta TOU O.H.E. TO 1992 ern npoE~piae; r. BaOlAEiou Kat ro M.O.E. TO 1993 enl npoE~piae; rA. KAT]pi~T]).

01 oupcpwvi£~ ATAoVTIKOU KOI n6TOpOK

ITle; 4 AUYOUOTOU TOU 1941 0 npOE~pOe; TWV Hvtouevtov 1l0AlTElWV Franklin Delano Roosevelt OUVOVTT]OE TOV Bpsrnvo npw8unouPYo Sir Winston Churchill OE nxoto OTT] ueon TOU ATAaVTlKOU ortou Kat urtevpcuiov TT] AEYOIlEVT] IUj.lq>wvia TOU ATAavnKOU. H IUj.lq>wvia anOTEAelTO crro 8 apxte;, Kat uersnerrc j.lE TT]V (5puOT] TWV Hveuevev E8vwv OTO San Franscisco TWV Hvtouevev nOAlTElWV TT]e; AueprKrie; one; 26 louviou 1945 cnorexeoe nc !3aOlKte; apxte; Kat TT]V un050j.lri TOU noYKOOj.llOU ourou Opvovtouou.

H IUIlq>wvia TOU ATAaVTlKOU EiXE EV TW j.lETa~U yivEl naYKooj.liwe; anO~EXTT] TT]V

71


1 T] lavouaplou 1942. (llapaStn.0 TT] ~uj..l<pwvla TOU ATAaVTLKOU OTO TtAO~ TOU KE<paAalou). 0 Auepucovoc rtposopoc Franklin Roosvelt j..la~l ue TOV Bperovo Sir Winston Churchill rmvcv OTT] rU1ATa TT]~ Pcootoc TOV .<!>E~pOUOPLO TOU 1945, YLa TT]V OJ..lWVUj..lT] KOL YVWOT~ «Luj..l<pwvla TT]~ rtoATa~» us TT]V onolov Elxav j..lOLpOOEL TOV KOOj..lO KOL oXE5LOOEL TO «j..ltAAOV» TT]~ Euptortnc, nw~ va KaTanOAEj..l~OOUV TT]V lcmovto KOL va ETOLj..lOOOUV TOV XOPTT] TWV Hvtouevtov ESvwv. 0 Auepixovoc IlpoE5po~ ouec, ue TT]V ernorpoqm TOU OTT] xwpa TOU, 5UOTUXW~, rtescve. IlPOTOU nESOVEL OJ..lW~, TO 1944, EIXE ~5T] npoAo~EL va 5LaKT]pU~EL TL~ «TtOOEPL~ EAEUSEpiec» nou ~SEAE va ernxpcrnoouv OE OAOV TOV KOOj..lO, KOL EAni5a TOU nrov va TL~ eeopuooer w~ ~aOLKt~ rtpovoiec TWV Hveueveov ESvwv nou Sa L5puovTav. flUOTUxw~ 5EV to KaTo<pEpE. 'Iow~ ro npovucrc OTOV KOOj..lO, av ~OUOE, va Eixav n6pEL j..lETanOAEj..lLKO 5La<popETLK~ j..lOP<P~. KOL T] Kunpoc va nrov onuepc EAEUSEPT] ...

H OXETLK~ nooovooeoc TT]~ LUIl<pwvia~ TOU ATAaVTLKOU AtEL:

«Firstly in accordance with provisions of United Nations, they uphold the principle of equal rights and self determination of peoples and they will earnestly strive by every peaceful means to promote self-government and to secure the

, independence of all countries whose peoples desire it and are able to undertake its responsibilities; secondly, they are each prepared to continue to take effective practical measures to ensure that conditions favourable to the orderly achievement of the foregoing putpese in accordance with their constitutional processes» .

METo<ppaOT]: «Karapxr'/v «u oupcpwva ue Tie; ttoovoiec rwv Hvtouevtov EBvwv imoomoiroov tnv APXr'/ rwv iotov olKalwparwv «cu auroolaBeoTJe; rwv Aawv «cu eveeoua Ba eTTlOlWKOUV ue 6Aa TQ elPTJVlKa ueoa va rrpwBouv tnv autoeuseovnon «cu va e~aocpaM(ouv tnv aveiaotnoia 6Awv rwv xwpwv Ol sao! rwv onoioiv rroeoov va avaAa{3ouv Tie; euB(Jvee; rwv. aeoteoo, TJ KaBe rrAeupa eivai etouu; va ouveyioe! va ttaiovei noaknxa uetoa Yla va olaocpaM(ouv Tie; eTTlBuPTJree; «ataotaoeic Ol ottoiei; Ba {3oTJBouv otnv eniteuir; rwv olaolKaolwv rwv apxwv auttav».

H OXETLK~ rtnpovpnqioc OTT] LUj..l<pwvia TOU IlOTOj..laK « Potomac Charter» - (rmpe TT]V ovouooto TT]~ ana TOV norcuo IlOTOj..laK OTL~ HilA) - tXEL w~ E~~~:

«We uphold priniciple of self - goverment and will earnestly strive by every peaceful means to secure independence of all countries whose peoples desire and are capable of sustaining an independent existence. We welcome process leading to development, where still needed, leads towards that goal».

METo<ppaOT]: «Ynoomotrouue tnv APXr'/ inc auroKu{3epVTJorze; «cu evseoua Ba rrpoonasooue ue 6Aa ra eipnvu«: ueoa va olaocpaMooupe tnv avesaotnota 6Awv rwv xwpwv Ol sao! rwv onoiiov eivai ucavoi va olarTJPr'/oouv aveiaotntn urrap~TJ. Ka-

72

H BPET ANIKH nANOVPrlA THI bmAHI AVTOAIA9EIHI

Awoopi(oupe OlaOlKaoiee; rrou OOTJYOUV oe tetoia e~tAl~TJ, onou asoua xpeUl(Ovrat Kat rrou OOTJYOUV oro atuateoo anoteseoua».

Hrov ue ourec rtc ereoouvec, TWV apxwv TWV Hveuevev E8vwv ~aaLalleVe~ aTI1 ~Ullcpwvia TOU ATAaVTlKOU, nou, KOL OL 'EAAI1Ve~ TI1~ Kunpou, evcrtoseoov eAni5e~ aTOV Opvcvtouo aUTO, YLa TI1V anaAAay~ TOU~ ana TOV anOLKLOKpaTlKO ~uyo emusvovrcc os rlrtoro ALYOTepo ana TI1V 'Evwal1 ue TI1V EAAo5a. Me ortorexeouo va aKOAou8~aeL TO EVWTlKO b.l1lloljJ~cpLalla, YLa va ano5ei~ouv aTOV e~w «oouo, TI1V emsuuto TOU~. KOL erot va 5LKOLOUTOL KOL 0 Aao~ TI1~ kunoou va eAeu8epw8ei ouucpwva ue rtc apxe~ TI1~ «vsoc TO~I1~» ...

MeTo TO 5111l0ljJ~cpLalla, 11 eAAI1VOKunpLaK~ nAeupo ~eKivl1ae uto exorocrslc YLa va 5LeK5LK~aeL TO 5iKOLO TI1~ ueoto TOU OpyaVLaIlOU TWV HVWIlEVWV E8vwv. H EAAo5a 5uaKOAeuoTav va 8eaeL TO seuo oro H.E. AOYW TWV ortcvsocmcov rneceev nou TI1~ ooxouoe Kupiw~ 11 Bpsruvlo, 11 onotc ev TW lleTa~u, XPl1aLllOnOLOUae ~ovauaa TOU~ Aueoucovouc YLa va me~ouv us Til oeipo TOU~ TI1V eAAI1VLK~ KU~epVl1al1.

o BaolAltj~ nauAo~

Tov lovoucpro TOU 1954, ouuqxovo us ro ~peTavLKo entonuo 5mAWIlaTlKO eyypacpa, uro cvoeooc ana Til ~peTaVLK~ npea~e[a aTI1V A8~va nusp. 23 lavouapiou ana TOV npea~11 Sir Charles Peake eAeye:

«a) H eneteioc tou oTJPollmcpioparoe; (15 lavouapfou) neoaoe olxwe; 0 LrparapXTJe; Ilattavot; va avaeeoe: otisnnote 0TJPoolwe; Yla tnv apvnan rou va ttaei oro Hvwuevo eaoue».

(3) 0 BaolAlae; nauAOe; eitte orov {3ouAeurr'/ (EpyaTlKo) K. Noel - Baker ra iOla rrou eixe net oe ueva (npto{3TJ) OTl tAm(e TJ {3peravlKr'/ KU{3tPVTJOTJ va «ave! vta rrpootpooa ouvtavuatoc atouc Kunoiouc, eott» «cu oro npotutto exeivou inc l1laoKerrTlKr'/e; rou 1948. artave: va ouvoseuotav ue «anoia otopeuoTJ tuac de tua «asooiouevn nuepounvia (10, 15, 20 XPovla) 8a ole~ayorav oTJpOl/Jr'/cplopa Yla tnv 'EvWOTJ ue tnv EAAaoa. A v Ylvorav «au tetoio oAa ra aioenuata 8a Kareuva(av «cu 0 BaolAlae; ola{3e{3aiwoe rov {3ouAeurr'/ rrwe; 0 AaOe; 8a ro oexorav, Kal 8a tAeyav Ol fOlOl OTOV APX- MaKaplo va to oexrei.

Ta iOla eitte «a: 0 npw8urroupyoe; (ttanavoc) atov {3ouAeurr'/ Noel - Baker, ue mv olacpopa 0 npw8urroupY(Je; (r'/rTJoe ro OTJpol/Jr'/cplopa ~a ole~ax8ei oe 5 yoov.«.

Apcporepol (BaolAlae; «cu tkmavoc), eittav ttox; TJ eAATJVlKr'/ Ku{3tpvTJOTJ oev 8tAel va eeoe: to seua inc 'EvWOTJe; ora Hvosueva 'E8vTJ, aAAa, 8a avavsaotei va to Kavel av TJ aTJpeplvr'/ {3peravlKr'/ ovuneoieooa ouveyiotei. 0 BaolAlae; eine tuoc «ata yevlKr'/ anoum Ol ttepiaooteoec xdJpee; 8a unootnpiiouv tnv eAATJVlKr'/ urro8eOTJ «cu etoi ruoteuei nox; urrapxel nseovexmua va nave ora H. E. 0 LrparTJyoe;

73

Ano THN ENOlH ITHN KATOXH

atto T17V aAA17, {3Atnel TO eeua ue «anoia ~uoT1loTia, epWTWVTa~: "Tt KaAO aoave 8a noonuue: av ttaue ;"». 1

Km OUVEXi~ElIlE to mo KaTOO:

«0 BaOlAla~ Kal 0 ITpaTapX17~ sev OU(flT17oav JieTa~u TOU~ tic OTpaT17YlKt~ ~UoKoMe~ ttou eunseeovta: ue ro eeua (Kunpou), aAAa Ka8w~ uac evnueoovei evtu; nOAu otevoc lPiAO~ rou ITpaTapX17, 0 ottotoc eivai Kal AvanA17pWTfl~ xai tuxonv Ynouovot; (JiaAlOTa eivcu 0 i~LO~ aveoomo; ttou uac eceoe ro unvuua oro T17Aevpaamua JiOU ap. 17), eeeoe otov Noel - Baker «ai otov ~lKO uac lPiAo, ~uo eumyf1oel~ Yla ric oTpaTlWTlKt~ uac avaYKe~:

a) To ouvraYJia rou 1948 ue ~17Jiol./JfllPlOJia apvoteoa «at ue T17v unooxeon va uac ~o8ouv oAe~ Ol avavkaiec {3aoel~,~leuKoAuvoel~ KTA. ottsnnore «cu va oUJi{3ei. AUTfl17 unoogeot; va eivoi ~eOJieUTlKfl.

{3) T17v aueot; avaKflpu~17 EI\I\HNIKHI LlIOIKHIHI OT17v Kunpo, ue T17v aJie017 ~17- utoupvia {3peravlKwv {3aoewv oro vnoi ... ». 2

(0 ITpaTTlYO<; Ilcncvoc. Aiyo IlETa TTlV TplllEpr; TOU 1955 rtescve. Av ~OUOE 5EV yvoopi~oUIlE note 9a rrrov Tl EK~aOTl rev npcvucnov ana EAAa5lKr;<; nAEupa<;. navrec, Ol Bpsrnvol nrcv IlETa TOV severe TOU Ilcrtcvou nou ~pr;Kav «EAEU9EPO rteolov 5paoEoo<; OTTlV Aanvo». =EKivTloav 01100<; IlE TOV IT. ITEq)QvOnouAo. 0 onotoc EAa~E IlEPO<; OTTlV Tpll..tEpr;, orov oxouo nrov ~apla cppoioroc 0 nanayo<; Kal ~0r;9TlOE OTTlV Eio050 TTl<; Toupxlcc 00<; Ev5lacpEpollEVO IlEAO<; OTO IlEAAOV TTl<; Kurtoou. 'Onoo<; aKpl~w<; r;9EAav Ol Bpernvot. Ouoxovtoslr Ivone Kirkpatrick.3)

ITTlV apxr; TTl<; mo rtnvco eruoroxnc, vlverut AOYO<; ruoc «neoaoe 17 etteteioc TOU Ll17JiOI./J17lPioJiaTO~ «cu ~ev ettte tinota ~17Jiooiw~ 0 ITpaT17Yo~ Yla T17v apvnon rou va naet oro Hvtauevo BaoiAelo».

IUYKEKplIlEva, 5ev nrov 0 ITpaTTlYo<; nou eixe opvnset va ncer OTO Aovotvo, aAAa, TO l\ov5ivo TOU eixe 5lallTlvuoel Iltooo TOU Bpernvou npto~Tl, (ouotconxo TOV eixav ncoetcortomoet), ruoc av Eixe oxono va eveipet TO 9tlla TTl<; Kunpou va TO ~exvouoe. TETOIO 9EIla 5ev unr;PXE Km 9a ertcipve TTlV i5la apvTlTlKr; crtcvrnon nou TOU eixav 5woel OTl<; 22 IenTell~piou 1953. OUTe 5EXOTav TO l\ov5ivo (orucc eixe eloTlYTlgei 0 Sir Charles Peake) emorpeoovrcc OTTlV A9r;va 0 Flcnovoc (anAa vro va KaAucpgei) va 5r;Aoove moe cc~ev OU(flT17oe TO eeua YlaTi17 {3peravlKfl KU{3tpv17017 ~ev niateue ttox; nrov KaTaAA17Ao~ 0 Xpovo~, YlaTi 8a uttovooaoe ~eKa8apa tuoc oro JitAAoV 17 {3peTavlKfl Ku{3tpv17017 8a TO ourntoooe». 4

'01100<;, eixe npoTlYTlgei KaTl aAAO, nou ncoecvec, 5ev txel vveorortomaet IltXPl nope. napOAa rc ooo txouv 5TlllOOla Aexge( ana TO ~r;lla TTl<; BOUAr;<; rtov EAAr;voov ana 5lacpopou<; noAl.TlKOU<;, Kal ypacpTei ana aAAou<; rtoxmxouc, ocov ceopo

74

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THI AmAHI AVT061A0EIHI

HI OTOO'1 T'1C:; EAA'1VlK~C:; KU~tPV'10'1C:; OE oxtO'1 I1E TO 0'11104J~q)[0110, TIC:; OUOKOAiEC:; va StOEl TO Stl10 OTO H.E. TIC:; olo<pwviEC:; I1E TOV MOKOPlO KTA, unOPXEl KOl Kon OAAO. AnD TO ~PETOVlKO onooeoueuaevrc evvpcco, onOKOAunTETOl TO rno KOTW 10TOPlKO YEYOVOc:;. nOU OO<POAWC:; cvcrpertei nOAAtc:; EVTunWOElC:;. KOI 8tTEl EPWT'1- !lOTlKO Wc:; rtpoc TO vtcrl OEV vvoorortomaruce orto TOV iOlO TOV K. LOcp. BEVI~tAo OT'1 BOUA~ TWV EAA~VWV, OTOV OPyOTEPO, OE !lETOYEVtOTEPEC:; '1I1EPOI1'1viEC:; (25.4.1956 KOI 12.12.1958) oVo<ptp8'1KE OTO Kunpioko KOl OTIC:; olo<pwviEC:; TOU I1E TOV MOKOplO .

. To 1951 I'J eAAI'JVIKtj Ku8tpvI'JoI'J Ile ~/a81'Jlla TI'J~ npoc TI'J Bpetavia

eixe {I'JTtjoel TI'JV 'Evw01'J TI'J~ Kurrpou ue TI'JV EAAa~a

LUYKEKPll1tVO OTIC:; 2 Morou TOU 1951, 0 'EAA'1VOC:; npto~'1C:; OTO Aovolvo, I1E 00'1- Y[EC:; T'1C:; EAA'1VlK~C:; Ku~tpv'10'1C:;, npot~'1l OE npO<l>OPIKO LlIABHMA IlPOL TON BPETANO vnov=ro E=OTEPIKON riA THN «vn>o.

o 'EAAI1VOC:; npto~I1C:; E[nE moe:

«Kata rTJ olapK£la ouveoouu; OAWV rwv TJY£HJJV rwv £AATJVlKliJV KOlvo{3ouA£urlKwv «ouuattov Ol teseutaioi ouotptova (f]rTJoav atto rov 'EAATJVa ttooeunouovo va ttpooevvioei ttaoauta tnv Ku{3tpvTJOTJ rTJC; AM. ora ttsaiota rTJC; otevnc ttatoonaoaoorTJC; cplAiac; J,l£ra~u M. Boetaviac «cu EAAaoac;. H £AATJVlKf] Ku{3tpvTJOTJ avayvwpi(£l ra {3p£ravlKa otoamvu«i ouiupeoovto, OJ,lWC; tttav neneiouevn nux; aura Sev ntav ue «aveva toone aouJ,l{3i{3aora ue ra £AATJVlKa eevu«: «cu OUvQlOBTJJ,larlKa ouuaepovra. H £AATJVlKf] Ku{3tpvTJOTJ npoteive OUO mBavtc; AUO£lC;:

H notatn AUOTJ ntav TJ Kuttooc va ENOBEI ME THN EAAALlA, «cu TJ Ku{3tpvTJOTJ rTJC; EAAaoac; tautoypova Ba eseie otn olaB£oTJ rTJC; KU{3tPVTJOTJC; rTJ~ AM. rTJC; Boetaviac onoiec otoatnvuox; Baoe«; f]B£A£ atnv Kunoo «cu XE AAAA MEPH THX EAAHNIKHX EnJKPA TEIAX.

H Seuteot; AUOTJ titav: Av TJ Ku{3tpvTJoTJ rTJC; AM. niateue tuoc Sev uttooouoe va avtanoxoiee! atnv tuxbtt; AUOTJ, va avoxoivooei rTJ olaB£of] rTJC; va «ave: oLQ{3f]J,lara O£ «anoia AOYlKf] XPOVlKf] neoioso ue okotto va £KnATJPwBouv Ol etueuute«; rwv «atoinov rTJC; Kuttoou», 5

H Boetavia arrtppIC/le aou{I'JTI'JTi TO ~/a81'Jlla

To npOKTlKO T'1C:; TOOO 011110VTlK~C:; EKE[V'1C:; OUVOVT'1011C:; ouvEXi~ouv KOl AtVE:

«0 Ynoupvoc E~wr£plKwv (rTJC; Bpetaviac) onueitooe ro oUl{3TJJ,la ttou J,l£ra{3i{3ao£ o ttoeoenc, OJ,lWC; eutpavtuca toviae tuoc o£v unf]px£ «auia olaB£oTJ atto ueoouc rTJC; Ku{3tpvTJOTJC; rTJC; AM. va o£XB£i f] va oU(TJrf]o£l TlC; EAAHNIKEX npOTAXEIX.

75


H OTpaTT]YIKf} BeoT] TT]e: Kurrpou nrov l1eyaAT]e: onuaotac Yla TT] Bperavia Kal Yla aUTOV rov Aoyo Kal110VOV T] Ku{3epvT]oT] TT]e: A.M. bev unoooooe va OU(T]Tf}oel aAAayf} Ku_plapxiae:».

Anovrcovroc oe epWT'lo'l TOU 'EAA'lva npeoJ3'l, 0 Yrtoupvoc E~wTeplKwv rtpooaeoe nee «OUTe «av eArri~a e{3Aerre va uttapxe: oro rrpo{3AerrT6v l1eAAov ylQ aAAayf} TT]e: rrOAITIKf}e: TT]e: xwpae: TOU».

Tcuroxpovc, 0 Bpsrovoc Yn. E~wTeplKwv slrts OTOV 'EAA'lVa IlpeoJ3'l moe: «EAm(e T] EAAa~a va aVTlAal1{3aveTOI TT] BeoT] TT]e: Bperaviae: Kal va unv «ave: OTl~f}rroTe nou Ba evoxsoooe Tie: cpIAIKee: oxeoeu; TWV ~uo XwpWV». 6

EAAf7VIKtj QrrQVTf7Uf7

Ine; 11 Malou 1951 0 'EAA'lVae; npw8unoupyoe; K. Ioq>oKAr;e; Bevl~eAOe; eiSwoe eva onueteuo OTOV Bpernvo IlpeoJ3'l OT'lV A8r;va. H ernxoivovtc EKEiv'l TOVl~E nwe; nrnv crtooocoxrrm 'l crmvrnon nou eiSwoE 0 Bpsrcvoc Yrroupvoc E~WTEPlKWV OTOV 'EAAl1va npeoJ311 Kat eAEYE rtec:

«Eav 11 OrraVTI1011 OUTll ~11J100IorroI118ei 80 txel ~uoapeoTe~ e",rrT6Joe/~, e/~/Ka oe Oxtol1lle TO oo80pa rrpo8AljlloTo ttou oVTllleTwrri{ouv 11 BpeTovio KOI 11 EAAa~o. H eAAT]vIKf} Ku{3epvT]oT] f}rav neneiouevn 6Xl uovov Yla TT]V ANAIKAIOTHTA, T] Bperavia va noose! oe «anoia xelpovopia KaAf}e: BeAT]oT]e: ttou Ba ixavonoioooe osoi«; TOUe: evtnaoeoouevouc, aAAo f}Tav tteneiouevn ttox; T] Boetavia Ba unopouoe va nooee! oe tetoia Xelpovopia ue peyoAT] eoxosta»,

o 'EAAl1vae; npw8unoupyoe; nrnv IJE T'lV orroqin moe 11 Bperovlo Oq>ElAE va E~ETOOEl TO 8eIJa nOAU mo npeuo. To unvuuo TOU 'EAA'lVa npw8unoupyou KaTaAr;yovroc eAEYE on 'l EAA'lVlKr; KuJ3epV'lO'l iSEV iSEXOTav T'lV cnovrnon TOU Bpsrovou Yrtoupvou E~WTEPlKWV we; TEAlKr;, Kat vro T'lV EAA'lVlKr; KlIJ3epv'lo'l TO 8eIJO nAPEMENE ANOIKTO. 7

H J3pETavlKr; KuJ3epV'lO'l anOq>OOlOE va IJ'lV cnovrncei OTO EMIlIITEYTIKO lllABHMA TOU K. BEVl~eAou. 8

I'lIJ.: EiSw va 0'lIJElWOW nwe; 'l rtpern nporcon T'le; EAA'lVlKr;e; KuJ3epv'lO'le; TOU 1951 OXl uovov npoooepe orpunertucec J3ooEle; OT'lV Bpernvlo OT'lV Kunpo, aAAo, vic va KEpiSioEl T'lV 'EVWO'l EiXE nporslver va napaXWpr;OEl Kal OTliSr;nOTE OAAO r;8EAE n Bperovlc IE AAAA MEPH THI EAAHNIKHI EIlIKPATEIAI. Kal OIJWe; 11 Bpercvto EiXE apV'l8Ei. AUTO 8a rtpertei va AeEl noAAO. napa nOAAO vto T'lV OTOO'l T'le; Bperovioc KaTO rn iSlopKEla TOU anEAEu8EpwnKOu cvevc, Ernonc, va 0'lIJElWOW moe 'l EAA'lVlKr; noorcon, nrcv naVOIJOlOTUn'l IJE exetvn nou Ol iiSlOl Ol Bperovol Eixav rtpoooeoer otovExeuaepro BEVl~eAO TO 1912/13, Ka8we; erttonc Kat iSlanpaYIJaTEu8Ei TO 1931 (J3AenE KEq>OAatO «Arro TT]V Evioon OTT]V Ka'(Oxf}»).

76

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THI AmAHI AVTOAIA0EIHI

napa8tTw srtlonc TO l .. mvuuo nou one: 26 10UAiou 1950 0 npoE5poe: rnc BOUAr']e:

TWV EAAr']VWV tOTEIAE OTOV ApXllYO (Speaker) TaU ~pETaVIKOU KOIVO~OUAiou avacpopIKa IlE rnv crtoecon rnc BOUAr']e: TWV EAAr']VWV vtn TO LlllIl0ljJr']cpI0Ila. To onotov tAEYE:

«01 'EAArwee; TTJe; Kuttpou, 01 ottoiot ovrutooaumeuouv ro 4/5 TOU rrATJeUOpOU TTJe; vnoou, exouv noooeato enpoaoe: rev npoaubvio ttoeo TOUe; ue 1J.TJPOI/Jf]cplopa, Yla 'EVWOTJ TTJe; Kunoou ue TTJV EAAaoa. Ta anoteseouata tou 1J.TJpoI/JTJCPiopaTOe; exel uetaeepei OTTJV EAAaoa avtutoootoneta atto TTJV Kuttoo. H avtmoooomeia ue TTJV urrooTf]pl{TJ TTJe; eAATJVIKf]e; KOlvf]e; yV(.iJPTJe;, exel anaimoet otto TTJ BOUAf] TWV EAAf]VWV va inoeetnae: TTJ eeATJOTJ TOU «impiasoi) sao» Yla 'EVWOTJ TTJe; Kuttpou ue TTJV EAAaoa .

.rav anoteseoua TTJe; OU(f]TTJOTJe; OTTJV BOUAf] TJ orroia aKOA0 ueTJoe, TJ eAATJVIKf] BOUAf] ue exel OMOtJ>ONA e{ouolOooTf]oel va oac vvtaotonomota TTJV aKOAOUeTJ anoum ylQ TO eeua:

«To peATJ TTJe; EAATJVIKf]e; BOUAf]e;, ro orroia avtmoootoneuouv OAO TO tpaoua TTJe; KOlvf]e; YVWPTJe;, ouotptova aneueovovtai ora peATJ TOU {3peravlKOu KOlvo{3ouMou xa: (TJTOUV onox; TJ Kuttoot; va PTJv ateoneei exetvo rrou naoogtopetto: oe aAAOUe; AaoUe; «otto atto {3peTavIKf] KaToxf]. EKcppa(ouv TTJV nenoienon TOUe; tuoc TJ ttatponaoaootn {3peTavIKf] evvoia TTJe; oIKaIOoUVTJe; ea eTTl{3ATJeei «cu OTTJV nepitrtoxm TTJe; Kuttoou. tuateoouv ttox; ro peATJ TTJe; {3peravIKf]e; {3ouAf]e; ea eiuttnoetouv TTJV 01- «aioouvt; av I/JTJAWOOUV Tie; cpwvee; TOUe; «ai unootnoiiouv TTJV evtoon TTJe; Kimoou ue TTJV EAAaoa. Me pia tetoia rrpa{TJ tautoyoova ea olaocpaM(ouv «a: ra «oiva ouuipeoovta TWV xwpwv uac «at ea evouvaiuavouv Tie; rroAuxpovee; cplMee; pera{u TWV OUO xwpwv uac .

.rae; naoaxasooue va uetcupepete TO unvuua aUTO OTa A{. MeATJ TTJe; {3peravIKf]e; BouAf]e;, ue rriOTTJ tuoc TO ieao aUTO tiavessnvu: aitnua ea {3pel TTJV KaTaAATJATJ avtanosoum». 9

H OIlOCPWVll cnoeccn OTllV BOUAr'] TWV EAAr']VWV, nap811KE one: 4.7.1950.

1954 H ~tlA(.r)C11l TIl~ Washington

~ne: 29 louviou 1954 a npoE5poe: TWV Hvtousvev 1l0AITElwv Kat a llpw8unoupy6e:

Tlle: Bperovtcc ouvcvmanxov OTO AEUKO DiKO Kat E~t5woav uto KOIVr'] cvcxotve- 011, 11 anoia ovoucorruce 11 «1J.f]AWOTJ TTJC; Washington».

ME rn 5r']AWOll EKEiVll (ouuetovc uern OXEnKr'] cvcxolveon TOU AEUKOU OIKou) allCPOTEPOI 01 nversc Enava~E~aiwoav rnv rttorn TOUe: one: ApXte: rnc IUIlCPwvlae:

TaU ATAavnKOU Kat nee 8a ouvtXI~av rtc OUVTOVIOlltVEe: npoona8tlte: TOUe: vro va E~aocpaAioouv EIPr']Vll OTOV KOOIlO (~aOlolltvll one: APXte: Tlle: IUIlCPwvlae: TOU ATAavnKOU).

77


H rtoocvcceoc 3 HIe; KOLVr;e; avaKO[VWOI1e;, TI1V ortotov va cnueuoaet urtevpoipov cuoorspor (Dwight D. Eisenhower / Winston S. Churchill) eAeye:

«We uphold the principle of self-government and will earnestly strive by every peaceful means to secure the independence of all countries whose peoples desire and are capable of sustaining an independent existence. We welcome the processes of development, where still needed, that lead toward that goal. As regards formerly sovereign states now in bondage, we will not be a party to any arrangement or treaty which would confirm or prolong their unwilling subordination. In the case of nations now divided against their will, we shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to ensure they are conducted fairly». 10

MeTaq>paOI1: «Ynootnoicouue TTJV APXrj TTJe; aUToKu{3tpVTJOTJe; «ai eveepua 8a npoonasooue f.1S Ko8s SIPTJVIKO ueoo va olaocpaAi(ovf.1S TTJV aveiaotnoia oAwv TWV Xwpwv 01 Xaoi TWV ottoitov noeouv «cu eivtu ixavoi va siatnonoouv aVS~OpTTJTTJ unap~TJ. KaAwoopi(ouf.1S TIe; olaolKaoise; aVOnTU~TJe;, ottou akoua XPSIO(OVTQI, «a: nou OOTJYOUV OTOV atuaieoo OKonO. AvacpoplKo ue tuxanv Kupiapxa KPOTTJ «a: ttooa oe oouAsia, OSV npOKSlTQl va auvnvopnoouue oe ottoieobnnote olsu8sTrjOSIe; rj ~uv8rjKse; 01 ottoiec ea sm{3s{3QlWVOUV rj eo enesreivouv TTJV avSm8Uf.1TJTTJ S~OPTTJOrj TOUe;. ~TTJV tteoittttoori xwpwv ttou ttooa {3piOKOVTQl XWPlOf.1tvse; oixwe; TTJV 8tATJorj TOUe;, ea ouveyioouue va npoottaeouue va «atooeooooue TTJV svonoinon TOUe; ueoto sAsu8spwv sKAoywv ttou 8a TIe; sm{3Atnouv ro Hvtoueva 'E8vTJ Yla va olaocpaAloTsi TJ oiKalTJ ola~aywyrj TOUe;».

(2111.l.: Fr' aUT6 I3AEnoul.le TO 1959 us rtc 2UI.lq>wv[ee; ZupiXI1e; 11 Bpstovlo noooxo on unr;p~e 0 eYKeq>aAOe; KOL 0 napaOKI1VLaK6e; OKI1VOSeTI1e; TOUe;, 5ev eAal3e qxivapo uepoc us TI1V unovccen rnc. :A.q>l1oe TI1V EAAa5a KOL Toupxto rtptorc va unoypa4Jouv).

Ta ~/a6tjpaTa Tile; £AAIlVIKtje; Ku6tpVIl(llle; (ITa Hvwptva 'EBvIl

To oosenore TOU Hopkinson

M6ALe; eva unvo opvorspc (an6 TI1V urtovpcrpn Tile; ruo nove 5r;AW0I1e;) OTI1V I3pernvucn BOUAr; TWV KOLVOTr;TWV, Til AEy61.levI1 MHTEPA TON KOINOBOYAION, 0 Yrpurtoupvoc AnOLKLWV Tile; Kul3tpVl1011e; Tile; A.M. K. Henry Hopkinson 5LaTLmwoe TO rteptenuo KOL TeAeo[5LKo exslvo OY f1EnOTE, orov stne rnoc unr;pxav OPLOJ.ltvee; nepLoxee; OL ortolsc 5ev ertooxerro ncre va an&A&u9&pw90uv ...

npO(ltpuyte; (ITa Hvwptva 'EBvll

H EAAa5a Aom6v, KOL mOTeueTOL us TI1V evsaPPUVOI1 KOL TWV Hvrouevtov nOALTeLWV AJ.lepLKr;e;, (nopoxec nc ecveosc rneoerc npoc TO aVT[Se10), rtpoosouve YLa npWTI1 q>opa OTa Hvtouevo 'ESVI1 YLa va em5Lw~eL TI1V eq>apl.l0yTi Tile; ApxTie; Tile; AUT05LaSeoeWe; YLa TI1V Kurtpo.

78

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THI AlnAHI AVTOAIA9EIHI

H npWTI1 aUT~ rtoooeuvn Tile; EAACiSae; OTI1V reV1K~ ~uvtAeUOI1 TOU ~leBvoue; Opvovrouou (OHE) tY1Ve TOV AUYOUOTO TOU 1954. H Bpernvto e~opYl0lltVI1 eixe EeonaBwoel ue tva oxorovouooro Ilnapc~ aVBeAAI1V1KOTI1Tae; (e~I1Yw rno KCTW) ue ortorsxeouo 11 EAAciSa va urtooret ~TTa OTI1V npWTI1 aUT~ ortortetpo, «n 0 Opvovrouoc va cnoecotcer nee: «nooc TO naoov oev 8ewpei OKOTTlPO va aoxoAT]8ei ue TO seua TT]C; Kuttoou»,

H Bpercvio exrore cPX10e tva OUataOT1Ko noxeuo evovrlov Tile; EAACiSae; KaAWvroc Kal npOKaAwvTae; IltAI1 TOU Opvnvrouou Hveuevev EBvwv, va MHN ynO~THPIZOYN TI~ EAAHNIKE~ 8E~EI~. nl0 ouvxexpruevc 11 exorpcrelo aUT~ eixe apxioel noxu rno vtoplc. 'Eva napciSelYlla elver uto eYKuKA10e; TOU Ynoupvstou E~wTeplKWV Tile; Bpercvlcc, 11 onoto OTCABI1Ke ce aplBllo ~peTavlKwv iSLnAWllaT1Kwv urtnpeoucv nou aoxoAouvTav ue TO Kurtoroxo, oe OAOUe; TOUe; Yn. ApIlOOTte; nou nrov iSlamOTeulltvol OTI1 Bperuvto Kal one xwpee; Tile; Koivonoxrreloc. Me TI1V eYKuKAlO exslvn, (omoc Kal cAAee; rsrorec), 11 Bperuvto KaAouoe nc iSlocpopee; ~tvee; Ku~epv~oele; va MHN YnO~THPI=OYN TA EAAHNIKA AITHMATA ~TA HNOMENA E8NH. 11

«EyeipeTe OpCC1We; Bcpo oC1tpoAeioe;

Tile; ToupKIKIje; peIOVOTIlTOe; C1TIlV Kurrpo»

napOAAI1Aa IlcAloTa, nOAU rtpiv TI1V Tplllep~ Kal nc npotnoerc Harding, eviSelKT1Kc TOV 10UVlO TOU 1955 01 Bperovot aVl10UXOUoav vro TI1V tAAelllJl1 TOUpKlK~e; rtponnycviSae; KQl noporpuvov TI1V TOUPK1K~ KU~tPVI1011 va apxioel alltowe; va iSI11ll0upyei Btlla ampCAelae; Tile; TOUpKlK~e; llelOVOTI1Tae; OTI1V Kurtpo, 'EAeye TO TI1Aeypcq>l1lla ana TO Yn. E~wTeplKwv (Foreign Office) npoc TI1V ~YKupa, AB~va Kal ApXl1yeio ~uvollewv Mtol1e; AvaToA~e; OTI1V Kunpo:

«0 TOUPKOC; npw8urroupyoc; uac oetnoe ttept ro TtAT] TOU ArrplMou (1955) av 8a

{30T]80uoe TOUPKlKO ola{3T]pa ttpoc TT]V A8fJva oyenxa ue ro npooipata vevovorc '

OTT]V Kuttoo. (AyciJvac; TT]C; EOKA). Epeic; eittaue tuoc ttpavuatt 8a {30T]80uoe av T]

TOUPKlKfJ KU{3tPVT]OT] eixe exeoaae: yevlKtc; aVT]ouxiec; OTT]V eAAT]VlKfJ KU{3tPVT]OT]

ue lOlaiTepT] euoaon OTT]V aooaseu: TT]C; TOUPKlKfJC; ueiovottttac OTT]V Konoo.

MtXPl anuepa oev txouv vive: tetotec napaaraoeic». 12

~e CAAO onuekouo TOU ~peTavlKou Ynoupyeiou E~wTeplKwv, OTa apxeia TOU ~111l0- oiou Apxeiou Tile; Bpercvtoc, ~piOKoulle KQl TOV uererterro Ilpto~11 Michael Stewart va ypcq>el rtpoc TO KtvTPO orto TI1V npeo~eia Tile; ~YKupae;, nee, Ol TOUpKOl ... uorepouv OTI1V npoaywy~ Tile; TOUpKlK~e; nooncvcvecc one HilA. EivQl liS1QiTepOU eViS1Qq>tpOVTOe; TO ol1lleiWlla aUTO:

«BPlOKOPOUV OTT]V Kunpo Yla Myec; ciJpec; OTlC; 24 Marou «ai 0 Shattock oleu8tTT]-

79


oe va OUVaVT'1eW ue TOV Glass J.leTQ~tJ OAAWV. 0 Glass J.lOU tovioe euipavttxa T'1V ALl YNAMIA THX TOYPKIKHX npOnA,ANLlAX KAI MOY E=H,HXE nos ANTIMETOn/ZE Ll YXKOItIEX ('1 anoinosoatuai KU{3tpV'1O'1) NA npOOBEI TIX TOYPKIKEX BEXEIX OXO BA EnPEnE. Mou tovioe lOlaiTepa T'1V asuvauia TWV ToupKWV va rrpo{3oAAouv TiC; eeoe«; TWV OTiC; HnA «a: npoteive tuac av Ol ibu» (TOtJPKOl) Sev unoooov va TO KOVOUV, va epYOOOTr'/OOUV OiKOUC; OTiC; HnA va TO KOVOUV. 0 npto{3'1C; uac (T'1C; Bpetaviac OT'1V AYKupa) TO J.leTQ{3i{3aoe OTOV TouoKO I. Foauuatea TOU TOUPKlKOtJ ynE= K. Birgi, OTOV orroiov aoeoe '1 lota «a: eine OTl ea apeoei «a: OTOV npweurrouPYo». 13

naptv8eol1

(neplooon:pa reroio ncpcoetvuorc unopxouv 0flj..lomeUj..leva OTO rtoonvouusvo ~l~Alo uou «"ETOl xcteorpeurcv TTlV Kurtpo», 0 Michael Stewart nrnv evoc ana TOUe; Bperuvouc a~lWj..laTOuXOUe; nou eAa~av j..lepOe; owoeKa XPovla opvorepn, OTO nepi~OTlTO «~ej..llVOplO rnc PWj..lTle;» TO ortoto OLOPyovwoe Tl CIA, ortou Kat OU~TlTrl8TlKe Tl OLXOTOj..lTlOTl rnc Kurtpou Kat Tl ertspyouevn TOUPKlKrl eLO~OArl. « ... TOTe rrou natXT'1Ke '1 TtJX'1 T'1C; KtJrrpou» oruoc ypo<pel Kat onoxoxurrrs; 0 0Tlj..lOOloypO<pOe; MlXOxnc tvvortou OTO OJ..lWVUj..lO ~l~Alo TOU (~ej..llvOpLO rnc PWj..lTle;) eKOOOTl «Flovruct- 1989. ~TO osutvnpto sxslvo elxav Ao~el uspoc ana eAATlVOKUnpLaKrle; nAeupOe; 0 K. rA. KATlploTle; - 0 ortoloc rtnve ue TTl ou~uyo Kat TTlV KOPTl TOU opvorepc ~OUAeUTiva kctm KATlpioou - ana roupxoxurtptcxnc 0 P. NTevKTOe; us TTl ou~uyo Kat TOV YlO TOU Paf<p (0 rexeurotoc oev eueovtorruce OTO oeuwcpto). Ano eAAaOlKrle; 0 E. A~epw<p we; anAOe; rtoxrrnc, OJ..lWe;, YnO~THPI:=E OUO ANE:=APTHTA KPATH OTTlV Kurtpo Kat 0 ortoloc rtptv Kat uero TTlV PWj..lTl emoKe<p8TlKe TO napiOl vtn va oeL TOV K. Kapaj..laVArl. Ano aj..lepLKaVlKrle; nAeupOe; j..leTa~U OAAWV 0 ~OlpOUe; Bave;,o XtVPL Kloorvxsp, 0 <l>iAme; TOAj..lnOT Ka8we; erttonc Kat OL ~TovAe'i KuplaKLOTle;, Ka8TlYTlTrle; one; HnA, 0 Llp. niTep Aof~ou TOU London School of EconomicsIvveoroc YLa nc usrsrterro crtcoxcxurrro <pLAOTOUpKlKte; 8toEle;Kat EvtpYELte; TOU), 0 PouVTOA<p NOTE, me EmTpOnrle; Eupwna"lKwv KOlVOTrlTWV Kat npenv OUj..l~OUAOe; ~XEOlaOj..lOU TTle;Ku~tpVTlOTle; me KUnelaKrle; LlTlj..lOKpaTLae; Kat nOAAOL OAAOI. Ano TOUpKLKrle; nAEUpOe; 0 AivTLV rlaAToiv Ka8TlYTlTrle; naVEmOTTlj..lLOU Kat nptonv ~OUAEUTrle; OTTl 8tOTl TOU T. npw8unouPYou Kat OUVTaYj..laToAOyoU NlXOT Epiu 0 ortoloc OEV urtopeoe'vc rtopeupeael AOYW Tapaxwv OTTlV Toupxtc. 0 cvovveomc nporperterm va Ola~OOEl TO ~l~ALO TOU ouvaOEA<pOU MLXOATllyvaTLou).

Sa rtpertei va ELVQl ma aVTlATlnTO OTOV avaYVWOTTl, TO vurrl EVOXAouVTav Ol BPETaVOL us TTlV tAAEl~Tl TOUpKlKrle; noortovcvooc. 'EXOVTae; unO~Tl ro ooo aKOAOu8Tloov us TTlV TPlj..lEPrl KTA KTA. LlTlAaOrl, vto va unooeoouv va TPOXlOOPOj..lrl00UV ro OXtOlO TOUe; or BpETaVOL urtsp rnc OlXOTOj..lTlOTle;, j..ltXPl Kat TOUe; LOlOUe; TOUe; ToupKOUe; OUj..l~ouAEUav nwe; Va EVEPYOUV! ~U~~OUAEuOVTae; TOUe; TOUpKOUe; va OTlj..lLOUPYrlOOUV (OLXWe; ~t~Qla va" unOPXEl) 8tj..la ... aO<pOAElae; rncrcupxuotc j..lElOVO-

80

H BPETANIKH nANOYPriA THI dml\HI AYTO~IAeEIHI

TTlTOe;. no vo iS1KOlOAOY~00UV TO IlETtm:1TO ...

H iSEUTEPTl rtoocouvn rnc EAAaiSoe; tY1VE TOV LEnTtllf3plO TOU 1955 (IlETa TTlV TP1- uson), oAAa KOI naAlv oneruye Tl EAAaiSo xapTl cnc rtcpcoxnvtcxec OVTWe; 10xupte; rneostc rtpoc OAEe; Tie; KOTEU8uvOEle; rnc BPETOvloe;. AUT~ TTl eooo K08oAOU iSEV OU~TlT~8TlKE TO Kurtoioxo OTTl rEV1K~ LUVtAEUOTl.

METa TTl iSEUTEPTl EKElvTl cnoruxto, 0 AIlEplKOVOe; Yrtoupvoc E~WTEP1KWV John Foster Dulles (OiSEAq>Oe; TOU Allen Dulles OPXTlYou TTle; CIA) tOTE1AE ernoroxn OTOV Yrtoupvo E~WTEP1KWV rnc BPETOvloe; Harold Macmillan TlIlEP. 5 OKTWf3plou 1955. H ernoroxn mcreuoi, q>OVEPWVEl OE IlEyaAo f3081lo OE exelvouc, nou, OTTlV npooncsero TOUe; vo f3a~ouv OAOUe; TOUe; b.UTlKOUe; OE tva Toouf3aAl Y10 KOIlIlOTIKOUe; ~ liSEOAOY1KOUe; Aoyoue; (~ AOYW cvvotoc TOUe; OTTlV XElploTTl neotrmoon) loxupl~oVTOl moe 01 AIlEP1KOvol naVTOTE unOOT~pl~OV TTlV EKaOTOTE nOAlTlK~ TTle; BPETOvtcc OTO 8tll0 rnc Kunpou. LTO eovepc tooic, oAAa novrors unapXEl KOI TO nopeOK~V10. EliS1Ka iSE TO XPOV10 rtpiv TTlV 4JEUTOOVE~OPTTlolo KOI TTlV evurtovpoon IlETOOTpoq>~ TOU MOKoplou rtpoc TTlV OVE~OPTTlolo, 01 AIlEP1KOvol ~TOV IlE TO uepoc uoc, EIlEle; Eu8uVOll00TE Y10 TTlV onWAE10 TOU ~EYOAUTEPOU exetvou OUIlIlOXOU ...

EKElvOl nou Eu8uVOVTOl Y10 TTl IlETOOTPOq>~ TWV AIlEP1KOVWV IlETa TO 1957 KOI TTlV eusuvpouuron TOUe; IlE TTlV nOAlT1K~ TWV BPETOVWV, elver iSUOTUXWe;, iS1KOl ucc; LTTlV EAAaiSo KOI EliS1KOTEPO (IlE!a TO 1959) OTTlV Kurtpo.

'EYP04JE 0 Dulles rtpoc TOV Macmillan:

«Avaunt» Harold,

Em8uJ.1w va oe euxaoiattvxo Yla ra CPIAIKO «cu /30TJ8TJTIKO J.1TJvuJ.1ara tiou J.10U eoteiAec; Yla TTJV Kunoo TJJ.1ep. 19, «cu 20 XenTeJ.1/3piou. Av «ai TJ eAATJVIKry Ku/3tpVTJaTJ txel oex8ei oosaoo KTUnTJJ.1a, eivtu aacpaAwc; KaAuTepa, KOTW atio TTJ onuepivr; atuooaxupa, TTOU TO 8tJ.1a oev acpt8TJKe va aU(TJTTJ8ei aTTJ teVIKry XuvtAeUaTJ. 'OJ.1WC;, J.1eTO TTJ au(ryTTJaTJ ttou eiyaue aTTJ Nea YOPKTJ otic 27 XenTeJ.1/3piou, yvwpi(w ttox; 8a ouucxoveic J.1a(i J.10U ttox; TJ «ataotaon aTTJv Kottoo naoauevei attta avnouxiac OXI J.10VO aTTJ vtioo TTJV iOla, aAAo etmoeatei TO NA TO «cu TO XUJ.1CPWVO TWV BaAKaviwv. AVTIAaJ.1/3oVOJ.1al TTJ onuaoia TTJC; /3peravIKryc; KivTJaTJC; Yla iua AUaTJ TOU npo/3AryJ.1aTOC; oe auvola/3ouAeUaTJ J.1e TIC; Ku/3epvryaelC; EAAooac; «cu Touoxiac, aAAO cpo/30J.1al tuoc OUTe TJ iua OUTe TJ OAATJ tXOUV m8aVOTTJTec; va ouuexovnoouv vro AUTOKu/3tpVTJaTJ aTO eyyuc; J.1tAAOV. Tetoia ola/3ryJ.1ara 8a eivtu nOAAO Yla TTJV Touoxia «cu 0XI aoxeta Yla ,TTJV EAAOOa. Ettouevcx; yaiooiuu ttou asouaa ttox; auVTOJ.1a TO Hvouievo Baoiseio 8a npoxwpryael J.1e OIKry TOU npwTo/3ouMa oe /3ryJ.1ara AUToKu/3tpVTJaTJC;. EniaTJC;, unev8uJ.1[(w TTJ oryAWaTJ TWV Eisenhower I Churchill otic 29 louviou TOU 1954, orov ouutptbvnoav TTWC; «8a KOVOUV TO ttav Suvato J.1e elPTJVlKO ueoa va olaacpaMaouv TTJV avesaptnoia OAWV TWV xwpwv exeiviov nou 01

81


Xao! roue £Tll8UJ.l0UV Kat eivoi txavo! va £~aOKt700UV av£~apr17oia. KaAwoopi(ouJ.l£ tu; OlaOIKaoi£~ ttooosou, ottou asoua XP£la(oVTaI, «a: rrou 0017YoUV a' auto ro attoreseoua» .

'Exw ypal/J£1 ue £IAIKpiv£la, tuateuovtac nox; autn eivai 17 KaAur£P17 {3ao17 Yla aJ.lOI{3aia txavonolnon oro eeua. Ll£v XP£la(£TaI va toviota ra natoonapasora alo8t7- uata OTl~ HvwJ.ltv£~ Itositeu»; yta anomoxoattxa eeuata. M£ £IAIKpiv£la £Arri(w ttox; aueoteoo: ea unopeoouue va ouveytoouue r17 auvepvaaia uac oro eeua r17~ Kurrpou». 14

(Ot Bpernvol VOL uev e:ixov nopoxwpTiae:l TrIV KIl~e:llovio rnc EAAa~Oe:; TO 1947 orouc AIle:PlKOVOUe:;, OIlWe:;, oneocnrtors e:ixov ~loTIlpTiae:l TOUe:; ovSpwnoue:; TWV cvcueoo ornv nOAlTlKTi KOlvwvio ornv EAA6~0. Or ortotoi ~OUAe:UOV yl' OUTOUe:; (Bpe:TOVOUe:;) aTIlV ASTivo svcvnc KOl orouc AIle:PlKOVOUe:; OKoIlO).

H aUTo~/iJ8£(1" T('&)V «Aa6Jv»

H Bperovlo n onoto e:iXe: urtovpmpet TOV KOTOaTOTlKO Xcprn T~V 'Hvwlltvwv ESvwv, TO Xcprn TOU ATAOVTlKOU KOl Til IUIlq>wvio me OUamYKTWV (nOTOIlOK) aTO q>ove:pa ~e:v unopouoe vo unv cvceepercr KOSOAOU ornv OUTO~laSe:all. 'ETm ~Atnouue KOl nc ovcoopec rnc YlO ae:~oallo rnc OUTo~l6Se:alle:; TWV AOWV, KOTa Til ~laPKe:lO TOU 1955. '0 IlWe:; , Il Bpernvlo TO tnol~e: oe aAAO TOllnAO. EKe:ivo rnc noVTe:AOUe:; KUVlKOTIlTOe:;.

Eixov npoat~e:l, Aomov, Ol Bpernvol nee Ol 'EAAIlVe:e:; TiTOV npoallAwlltvOl one Apxte:; rnc IUIlq>wvioe:; TOU ATAOVTlKOU KOl e:Ke:ivIle:; TOU nOTOIlOK Ol onolec OVOq>tPOVTOV aTO ~lKOiwllO A YT0.6IA8EIHI oe «Xwpe:e:; Ol .AoOi TWV ortokov» (<<countries whose peoples»), ~ixwe:; vo ouvetonronomoouv TOV Kiv~uvo ~lOXWPlouou KOl cvcvveoronc ornv Kunpo «~uo AOWV»! Onorov.n Bperovtc, npoxwpwVTOe:; us TO ~lXOTOlllKa TIle:;axt~lo, OVOq>e:POTOV ornv OUTO~laSe:all (KOl oruoc KOl ue TO Ae:KTlKO TWV e:yypaq>WV ~IlAwae:wv rnc) e:VVOWVTOe:; ollwe:; ... OTI ornv Kurtpo unTipxov «~uo xcot-t .6ixwe:; vo nopOUma~e:TQl nee ~e:v ... at~e:Tol TIe:; rtpovoiec TWV IUIlq>WVlWV. TOUVOVTiov ... rtocouoicccrov nee TIe:; ae:~oTov aTO OKtPOlO. Me:

III ~lOq>Opa OTI OVO~aSlll~e: IllO lle:lOVOTIlTO OXl 1l0VO oe KOINOTHTA, OAAa, KOl ae: ... «AOO».

'ETm OTOV one 19 .6e:Ke:Il~piou 1956 emonuonomanxcv orn BOUATi TWV KOlVOTTiTWV Ol ncorcoeic Radcliffe OUTte:; ouvoceuovrov ue ~TiAwall rnc ~pe:TOVlKTie:; KUI3tpvIlalle:; moe:

«'Orav tA8£1 17 eoa ... ro olKaiwJ.la r17~-auTOola8£o17~ 8a rrapaxwP178£i ue tetoio toone outox; eote 17 roupKoKUrrplaKt7 «oivomta, OXI Alyor£po atto tnv £AA17VOKUrrplaKt7KOIVOr17ra 8a tX£1 otnv £IOIKt7 neoitmoon r17~ Kunoou, tnv £A£u8£pia va anoeaoioei J.lOV17 r17~ Yla ro J.l£AAOVrIKo T17~ Ka8£orw~. M£ aAAa AOyta 17 Ku{3tpv17-

82

H BPETANIKH IlANOVPrlA THI AmAHI AVT061A0EIHI

0'1 T'1e; A.M. avayvwpi(el ttox; '1 e~ooK'1o'1 T'1e; autooiaeeonc oe tva TOOO avtuuXTO nA'1eU0j.10 npettet va oouneooausave: «ai T'1 olXOT0j.1'10'1 j.1era~u OAAWV evaAAaKTlKWv AUoewv». 15

H £AAqVIKI] T1poT1ayov~a

H rplrn noooouvn rnc EAAo5a~ OTa HVWIlEva 'E8v'l EYLVE TOV LEnTE~~pLO TOU 1956 KOL orov OTL~ 26.2.1957 'l onoecon nrov urtep rnc EAAo5a~, IlE TO AEKTLK6 «vc e~eupeeei AUO'1 TOU KunplaKou ue {3oo'1 tic Apxte; TOU Kataatanxou XOPT'1 rou Opvaviouou», T6TE, nrov KOL nou E[xav EVTaTLKOnoL'l8E[ OTO Foreign Office KOL OL rtpoortcseiec YLa TEAELono['lO'l TWV 0XE5[wv YLa b.LxoT61l'l0'l rnc vnoou uoc, Kovrpo OE 6AE~ TL~ aVTL~06T'lTE~ 'l EAA'lVLK~ nxeupc, 600v ooopc rn b.IA<l>OTILH KOL npOnArANb.A, Epya~6Tav IlE TEpOOTLE~ EmTuX[E~. To avayvwpL~av KOL OL Bpercvol, YL' aUT6 KOL w80uoav TOU~ Toupxouc va «Eurtvnoouv» KOL va Epy050T~oouv O[KOU~ va TOU~ KOVOUV rn 50UAELO OTL~ HnA!

XapaKT'lPLOTLK6 napo5ELYIla 'l rno KOTW ovoeopo TOU ruoc EVEnOL~av OL Bperovol TOU~ Aueotxcvouc. H cvoeooo TO 1957. An6 TO r oooe [0 Arroixuov nooc TO YnOUPYE[O E~WTEPLKWV (Foreign Office). KOL va 8UIlOTOL 0 cvovvcornc 6TL OL AIlEplKavo[ nrov KOL nopcuevouv OL KaAuTEpol oUllllaxol T'l~ Bperovlcc,

«ea T1ai~oull£ ue TOUe; AIl£pIKavoue; TO T1alxvi~1 TCiJV ayaAIlOTCiJV»

«Ot onueuaoeu; ttou eyete etotuaoei - Ol onoiec mOTeUOUj.1e eivai uta a~LOO'1j.1eiwT'1 ttaoouoiaon TWV OLQq>opwv elo'1Yr70eWV ttou txouj.1e onueoa - av tic ULOeeTOUOaj.1e we; {3oo'1 yLQ tu; auvouisiec uac ue roue; Auepucavouc, ea uac XP'10lj.1euOouv we; ro Kaj.1ouq>Ao( Yla ro OXtOlO uac yLQ oUYKu{3tpv'1o'1. ea ttpettei nooseiuevou, 0' autec Tie; ouvoutsiec, va OU('1Tr700Uj.1e ue roue; Aueoixavooc yLQ osec Tie; npoontt«sc, «cu nAIZONTAX TO nAIXNIfJ.1 TON AiAAMATON (musical chairs), va esru(ouj.1e ttox; OTO tesoc ea KaTaAr7~OUj.1e oro OXtOlO ttou unootnpliouuc eueic. OnW00r7noTe eyouue nOAAo emxelPr7j.1ara va ttopouoiaoouue otouc Aj.1epIKaVOUe; «at OTOV K. Spaak (NATO) «ai va TOUe; {3oAOUj.1e avtiueromouc ue tic ouoKoAiee; TWV OAAWV «Auoewv» OUj.1neplAaj.1{3aVOj.1tvou «cu TOU oxeoiou TWV yLQ eYYU'1j.1tv'1 avesaomoia (av «iu eueic eow oro Fooipeto Anoisuov sev TO exouj.1e tooo samYOP'1j.1aTlKO anopoiipe: ottox; txel «ave: TO Foreign Ottice)». 16

H TETapT'l npoocuvn rnc EAAo5a~ EYLVE TOV 10UALO TOU 1957 KaL 11 cnoeccn KaL nOAL nrov EUVO'iK~. 'OIlW~, 5UOTUXW~ A6yf.!l 5La5LKao[a~ aKupwel1K£ " onOcpoo'l EKE[V'l. (b.EV E[XE E~ao<paA[oEL to 5uo rplro (2/3) TWV 4J~<pwv).

(L'lll.: BAEnE KE<pOAOLO YLa MUOTLKE~ Yrmosotec, «anayxovloJ,Joq naAAT7KapI6'1», 6nou E~'lYW YLaTi OUVE<pEPE OTOU~ Bpsrovouc va cncvxovrorst 0 veopOc; uoan-

83


rnc. Me t~.l(paOIl ornv nuepounvto).

'/00 61KOltiJPOTO KOI OUTo6UJ8£Ofl T{J)V AotiJv.

/J/OqJOpt~ p£ TOU~ AP£PIKOVOU~

Ilto KOTW napa8tTw ortooncoucro ana rnv emoroxn TOU Bpsrnvou nptol3ll ornv :A.YKupa Sir James Bowker npoc TO Aovolvo, nuep, 20 10UAiou 1957 ana to onoia elver oAo<povepll 11 5lc<pwvia ~eTa~u Bpercvev Kat A~eplKavwv aAAO Kat ooo npoovceepo OOOV aq>opo TIlV KUVlKOTIlTO TOUe; va 8ewpouv Kat va avayvwpi~ouv cc5uo AaoUe;" ornv Kurtpo (oruoc 0 NTevKTOe; Kat :A.YKupa exrore ~tXPl onuepc - 1994. OUTe Kat 11 nOAlTlKtl Tile; Bperovluc OAAa~e ana TOTe ~tXPl o,tl~epci ... ).

« ..• Ilioreuta TJ ypappfJ rTJ~ KU{3tPVTJOTJ~ rTJ~ A.M. ora Hvtaueva EevTJ noenei va eivai TJ euuovn oe oaa fJ~TJ txel ~TJAciJoel, oVOpaOTlK6J~ ttox; ~txeral rTJ ~lxorOPTJOTJ ox; reAlKfJ~lt~o~O oe nepinttoan ttou oAe~ 01 aAAe~ Auoel~ anotcyouv. Llev uou aoeoei KaeOAOU TO reseotvoaco ttou avaoepetai otnv napavpaipo 9 rTJ~ emoTOAfJ~ rou Dixon nueo. 11 Maiou viatt etoi etvai oav va {3a(oupe navw otouc TOUPKOU~ tnv eUeUVTJ Yla pia TOUPKO - eAATJVlKfJ ~lacpwvla ecp' ooov ea ouvegtoouv ' va onooointouv eionvnoe«; yLQ nx. «ave~aprTJo{a» tnv onoiav onuepa tooov 01 EAATJVe~ OOOV «a: 01 Aueouoxvo! uttootnogouv. Mou tpaivettu ttox; ttpene: va eivcu «austeoa Yla uac va nouue ttox; TJ uovn eAni~a Yla va {3peeei AUOTJ extot; rTJ~ ~lXOTOPTJOTJ~ elval va ~oeei «aio»; TJoux{a~, Yla va unooeoei nmo va ~ouAtljJel TJ ~lnAwparia.

BAtnw ttox; 01 EAATJVe~ (TJr6Jvra~ va vpaumuv to eeua Yla axoua pia eooa (ora H.E.) enavaAap{3avouv tnv tKKATJofJ touc Yla autosiaeeon. ea tAeya ttox; TJ voaupfJ uac ea npenei va Atel tuac eueic EnANHIIEIMMENA EXOYME LlHIID~EI nD~ LlEXOMA~TE T/~ APXE~ TH~ A YTOLlIAeE~H~, aAAa auto TO {3Atnoupe, ue {3aoTJ TTJ~ el~IKt~ neploTaoel~ OTTJV Kunpo Kal TJ onoia _(auTO~IQeeOTJ) noene: va ~oeel «cu otu; ~uo KOlVOrTJre~. onoxisnnote aum eivai pia vpauun Yla tnv onoia uttooooue va «eosioouue OTJpaVTlKfJ ouunooaotaon, el~IKa orov 01 EAATJVe~ (TJTOUV OTTJV a{TTJofJ TOU~, TTJV ecpappoyfJ TTJ~ apxfJ~ TWV I~DN LlIKAIDMATDN, Kal TH~ A YTOLlIAeE~H~ TDN IIADN omv rteointoson rou nATJeUOpOU rTJ~ «onpou».17

~Tle; 16 ~enTe~l3piou 1957 11 EAAIlVlKtlKul3tpvllOIl eixe KUKAOq>OPtl0el OTa Hveueva 'E8vll tva ~VI1~OVlb ue /~n~~.YtlOele; avaq>oplKo ue TO seuo Tile; Kunpou. Kat nrov TOTe, nou, Ol 'EAAllvee; eixav ceunvroret Kat aAAo~elTo AeKTlKO TOUe; ooevcc Kat Ol Bperovot TO evrornoov ceereooo.

Eoerrspuco onueteuo TOU " Ynoupyeiou E~WTf:PlKWV Tile; Bperuvtcc nuso. 26 ~eme~l3piou 1957, tAeye:

~ ,

84

H BPETANIKH nANOVfrJA THI AIIlAHI AVTOLUA9EIHI

-,

« ... To KUPlO otoiyeio, «cu '1 Kupla ouoKoAia, tnc eAA'1VlKr]~ etO'1~ eivoi osocaveP'1 atto tnv npom npotaan rou uvnuoviou. To KUPlO atoiyeio roue eivai tuac Ol KATOIKOI THX «vnrov nPEnEI NA ynOAOnZONTAI OX ENA XYNOAO KAI NA TOYX fJOBEI A YTOfJlABEXH OX XYNOAO. H ouoKoAia eivoi ttox; ttaoosr; tnv attaitnon rwv EAAr]VWV, eivai OUOKOAO va imoeeoouue nox; '1 EAAooa evepvei «Yla Xovaoiaouo rou saoo inc Konoou. (ou/JrreplAa/J/3avo/Jtvwv «cu rou TOUPKOxuttpiosv}. Auro caivetai atto to yeyOVo~ ttox; tpetoc, avtieeta ue ttponvouueva XPOVlQ, oi 'EAA'1Ve~ OeV avcupepovtcu oro fJlKAIOMA A YTOfJlABEXHX TON AAON. Xe OAOKA'1PO to /JV'1/JOVlO '1 At{'1 «Aao~» eivai ttou XP'1at/Jorrolelral, orov eVlKO «a: unaoyouv «a: avaeooet; oe «Kurrplou~». Eivcu {eKOeapo nox; Ol 'EAA'1- vee uttnxav ttapa otnv auuva «at '1 /JOV'1 touc svvoro eivoi va attoeuvouv IXA fJlKAIOMATA Yla roue Touosoxuttoiouc «a: onoiavotinote OlKatOoOola «locus standi» Yla tnv roupKlKr] KU/3tpV'1O'1·

Ittoteiuo rroAe/JOUV Yla uta /JoX'1 ttou ea xooouv. H teVlKr] Etutoorm tXel oeXeel tnv touonxt; aitnon va ttooocxovnae: ('1 Touona) ottox; tXel oeXeel «a: tnv eAA'1- VlKr] ... To /JV'1/JOVlO avcupepetcu «at oe Baaavumuua «ai onooxetai va erravtAeel «oe uetaveveoteoo Xpovo» ue uaotuoiec ... 0 A/3tpwcp enavasausave. «ai rroAlv oro /JV'1/JOVlO tnv arrelAr] tuoc ea anoxasinpe: uaptupiec; Yla «anapaoextec /3peraVlKt~ opaOr'1Plor'1re~ Kat rrpaKTlKt~ otnv Kuttpo». 18

(OL ucpruplsc UnT'jPXav. H eAAllVLKr'j Ku~epVllall eLxe urtoum rnc i5paaTllpLoTllTe~ TWV ~peTaVLKWV ~UaTLKWV urmpsouov YLa aKeuwpie~ svovrtov rnc EAAoi5a~ cc' svoc KOL uoptuptsc rtou axeTi~oVTav us TL~ ncooouvec Tll~ EAAoi5a~ aTO Iu~~ouALO rnc Euptormc evovrtov Tll~ Bperovtoc YLa ~aaavLaTr'jpLa KpaTou~evwv KTA. acp' erspou. BAene KecpoAOLo EAAllv'LKe~ npoacpuye~).

0, 'EAAI1V£~ K£p~i{ouv O'TO HVWlltvo 'EBvl1

ITL~ 18.1.1958 0 ovdrrepoc Xerroupvoc TOU Ynoupvelou E~wTepLKwv K. J.A. Thomson eypacpe:

«No/Jl(w uttooouue va oU/JCPWVr]OOU/Je rrAr]pw~ ue tic toupxixe« eeoe«; ... To oeoua ora nvosueva 'EeV'1 eivoi evavtiov uac au ea OUVeXiOel va eivoi evavtiov uac eKTO~ «a: av unopeoouue va seoooue to Kunoioxo rrpo/3A'1/Ja rrovw ae uta ttto pl(oorraorlKr] /300'1. AAAOlW~ OeV uttooooue va aAAo{OU/Je tnv nasippoia, ouox; uttopouue va tnv avaKoL/JOU/Je AlYCtKl ue:

aj ue evsuvaiuouevo «cu evtattxonomuevo AO/Jrru OTl~ noosteoouoec «a: ora Hvwueva 'EeV'1 «a:

/3j ue nooonaeeiec va xasureoecoouue to (/Jelvorrwpo T'1 etO'1 Jia~ ttpiv tn vso gu(r]r'1o'1. Yrro/3CtAAW tnv attoum ttou; sa ttpenet va tXOU/Je unotpr; uac tautoypo-

85


va TTW~ 17 Bto17 uac mBavov va xelpOTepeuoel «cu aUTO Ba eveaoouve: TOU~ EAA17- vee va etuuevouv OT17v exotoateta TOU~, evta oe aVTiBeT17 TTepiTTTwo17 uttooei va OUj.1{3I{3aorouv». 19

AKOlJ.a uro cvcoopc MEL:

ApeplKavlKIj qJlAeAAI1vIKIj ypapplj

Avcoopu«; lJ.E Til creon TWV Bpercvov EVaVTL TWV Aueoixcvev, TOU~ ortolouc SEepouoov q>LAEAAIlVE~, EnELoT'j OL TEAEuTaioL (Auspucovol) OEV urtootnprtcv Til OLXOTOlJ.LKT'j nOALTLKT'j TOU~, KQL OUYKEKpLlJ.EVa cnsppupov aOU~IlTIlT( ro OLXOTOlJ.LKa 0XEoLa TOU Foreign Office TO 1957 (j3AEnE «ETOI «ateotoeuiav T17v KUTTpo»), rtoocseroi KQL TO rue KaTW napaOElYlJ.a.

H cvccopo E(VQL ana Til j3pETavlKT'j npEoj3Eta ornv Washington D.C. nuep. 7 louvlou 1957, npoc TOV a~LwlJ.aTOUxO TOU Yn. E~WTEPLKWV K. Young.

« ... H oovnee«: TOU State Department va UTTOoT17pi(el T17v eAA17vIKr'} Bto17 (17 onoia (ouvneeia) asiaueuora uTToPxel naoosov OTt TO aTToppiTTTOUV. t. VTO va), onoooeei orro TToAAo esatnoia. Evooto o17Aaor'} Bewpouv T17v EVW017 ox; avemBuj.117T17 OTTW~ T17 0IXOT0j.117017, 17 «auTooloBeo17» eivoi uta At~17 TTOU eAKuel ouvcuoenuanxa TToAAou~ Aj.1epIKaVou~ «a. aUTO etuonace: «cu nooauoocubvei ra npavuata. 1J.euTepov, unaoxei tva eAA17vIKO AOj.1TTU, Kat KaBoAou TOUPKIKO AOj.1TTU. TpiTOV, OTOV ljJuxpo TToAej.10, TO State Department cpo{3oTal Yla T17 otaeeoomta TT7~ onueoivnc eAA17vIKr'}~ Ku{3tpv17017~ «a: T17~ EAAooa~ ye VIKO Tepa. 1J.ev txouv TtTOLOU~ eVOOla0j.10u~ yLQ T17V Touotaa. Tesoc ruoteuouv (01 Aj.1epIKavoi) TTW~ oeixvoUj.1e TTPOTij.1170T7 TTpO~ TOU~ TOUpKOU~. Erunpooeeta {3t{3ala UTTOPXOUV xat 01 olocpope~ TTpaKTIKt~ OUOKOAie~ Yla TT7 0IXOT0j.117017. Kcu Ba eivcu TToAu oUOKoAo va TOU~ neioouue (YLQ T17 01- XOT0j.117017) evooto 01 EAA17ve~ oev T17 otxovral». 20

'Enpene npciJTa 01 i~/ol 01 Kunpiol va ~ex80uv ra CTxt~/a Yla va napaKaIJ8ei 0 alJeplKaVIKoc; qJlAeAAI1vICTIJOC;

EnOlJ.EVW~, TO EnOlJ.EVO KQL ruo olvoupo j3T'jlJ.a YLa TOU~ Bperovouc, nrov va rtelOOUV TOV (010 TOV MaKaplO va oexSE( TO 0XEOlO TPlXOTOlJ.1l0ri~, lJ.E TIlV evouuooto TIl~ ljJEUToaVE~apTlloia~, OUTW~ WOTE va E~ao<paAlOTEi KQL Il ouurtcoooroon TWV AlJ.EpLKavWv. 6(xw~ TIlV onoia nOTE Il Bperovlo (lJ.EXPL onuepo) OEV unopel va Emj3aAEL T'j va KaTmpEpEL o.nonnore OTO Kunproxo ... L' aUTO TO 0XEOLO j30T'jSIlOE to lJ.EYLoTa Il TOTE aVTLnpOEOpo~ TWV EpyaTLKWV xo Barbara Castle. H onoia E~ao<paAloE evunovoocn oT'jAwoll TOU MaKapiou vro Til OTPOq>T'j TOU rtpoc TIlV aVE~aprnoto. MLa EmXEiPlloll ornv onoiav rtoorrooromoe 0 rsxeurotoc KUj3EpvT'jTIl~ TIl~ Kurtpou Sir Hugh Foot.

86

H BPETANIKH IlANOYPriA THI ~InAHI A YTOAIAeEIHI

Communal «KOIVOTIKOe;»

M£T£T7£ITO Bicommunal - /.!IKOIVOTIKOe;

'Orcv TO 1947 eixe noorcest Tl 61aOKenTlKti Kat eixav sroiuccret opvorepo 01 rtporooeic TTl~ ~peTavIKti~ KU~tPVTloTl~, 01 Toupxot eixav Tuxel KOINOTIKH~ lleTaxeipIOTl~. ~TO noooxsoro ruiv ~uvTaYllaTlKWV noorcosov rtou Sa tSeTe Tl ~peTavIKti Ku~tPVTlOTl sveruov TTl~ 61aOKenTlKti~ ~uvtAeuoTl~, avacpopIKo Ile TTl ouvsson TOU NOIlOSeTlKOu ~wllaTo~ tAeye:

« ... {3) atto auto ra sKAsypsva pSAT], 18 ea SKASYOUV atto ro OUVOAO «a: 4 as roupKIKry KOINOTIKH BAIH ... » 21

To [010 tyypacpo, ue ene~tiYTlOTl ruo KOTW ovoqieperot Kat Atel:

. «Aurry T] ueeoooc IlIAI(JJAIIIIHI TON TOYPKIKON IYM(JJEPONTON eivai BaoiOpSVT] oro Iuvraypa rou 1882 - 1931. Ms SXOUV ola{3s{3auiJosl TTWe; T] TOuPKIKry KOINOTHTA ea eetoonoe: onoiavtinnote OAAT] sieoeemor; ue {3aelo imouiia, «a: ea ro eswpryosl we; avoivua as PT] touanxec STTIppOSe; va STTl{3oAAovral as TOUpKIKSe; a vrlTTpOOWTTS is c. Illsuesrryosle; Yla rT] olaocpOAIOT] rwv Euoomaitov «cu Ivoci.Jv ovnTTPOOWTTStWV otnv Kevua «cu otti (JJir(1 TTPOOCPSpouv pia avaAoyia Yla TTPOT]yOUPSVO. 01 UTTOAOITTSe; (ut; touonxec) ueiovotntec etvai tpoueoa iuxoec «a: PTTOPOUV KaAurspa va OUPTTSpIAT]cpeOUV oro YSVIKO KarOAOYO IjJT]CPOCPOpwv, OTTWe; ntav ouucpwva ue TO Euvravua TOU 1882-1931». 22

To [010 ouornuc em~AtiSTlKe Kat us rtc ~ullcpwv[e~ ZupiXTl~ Kal Aovolvou, ue TOU~ MapwviTe~, Aorlvouc Kat Apueviouc va oUllnepIAall~ovovTat OTTlV EAATlVIKti KotvoTTlTa. Me TO ouornuc aUTO, va urtevauutoto, nrcv rtou e~aoKouoav ~tTO 01 Bosrovol «n ue TTl ~otiSela TWV Toupxuiv tAeyxav TOU~ 'EAATlVe~ rtpiv TTlV e~tyepoTl TOU 1931.

AP£PIKOVIKtl T7POTOCTI1 YIO AUCTI1 OV£~OpTI1CTioe;

KOI T7We; TI1V £8A£T70V 01 BP£TOvoi

'Exw e~Tlytioel aVaAUTlKCt OTO nponvouuevo ~I~A[O 1l0U «'Erol xareotoeipav tnv KUTTPO» moe Kat YlaTL Ila~ em~AtiSTlKe Tl ljJeuToaVe~apTTloia. Eneloti 01 HnA oev otxovTav TTl OIXOTOIlTlOTl 01 Bpercvol IlTl txovTa~ CtAATl eKAoyti «orcoxeucocv TO reocroupvnuo TTl~ ZupiXTl~ Kat TOU I\ovoivou uooxcpsuovroc olXOTOIlIKCt OUOTaTlKCt oe uto otiSev ... ave~apTTlo[a. Ta unoxomo Sa oxoxoueouoov. 6uo nrov ro sunoola rtou ertperte va npoonepcorouv:

1) Na nEla9Ei 0 MaKaploc; va ~EX9Ei rnv 'iJEuToavE~apTllaia ~E 6AEC; TIC; ~Ea~EuaEIC; nou 9a Em6aAAoVTav.

87


2) Na nEIOeEi r'J ToupKia nwc; EKEivOI nou ea untypacpav TIC; IUJ,lcpwviEC;, OTav ea EPXOTav r'J KaTc.'JAAr'JAr'J wpa, ea XPr'JolJ,lonOlouoav tvonAr'J 6ia va EJ,lno~ioouv Tr'JV AVE~c.'JPTr'JTr'J 6r'JJ,lOKpaTia ana TO va E~aoK~oEI nA~pr'J Kuplapxia. 23

)

AIlCPOTepa to Sewpouoav 5uoKoAa. KQl OIlWe; ro «rrceeocv ... (To 1974 11 Toupxto

e~coKlloe TO «5lKaiwlla» Tile; IUVSr']KIle; Eyyur']oewe; ... aKplJ3we; once TO eixav oxe- 5lcoel Ol Bpernvot).

Tov IenTt~J3plo TOU 1957 KQl ceou TO State Department orteppupe ro 5lxoTOlllKC J3peTavlKc oxt5la, us 5lccpopee; oKtLtJele; rtoooncaouoe va npoooepet Auoele; nou Sa orteoeuvcv Til 5lXOTOIlIlOIl. To rno KCTW onueteuo TOU Yn. E~wTeplKwv vrc oxenKo ouepucavuco 5lcJ3lllla elver evoeucnxo:

« ... 'OpWC; eav, onox; eianvocvtai ttaoa Ol ApeplKavoi, TJ evvunuevn avesaotnoia eivai ttou npenei va eetaoeita: wc; TJ TE/\EYTAIA /\ YIH, TOTe avtuietomliouue TO npo{3ATJpa va auuuxovnoouue Yla uia nooooioivt; AUToKu{3epVTJOTJ. AUTO eivai cucn{3dJC; TO npo{3ATJpa TO ottoio peXPl onueoa oev uttopouue va TO avnuetomioouue. ea noenei vo avavvtaoioouue tuoc TJ apeplKavlKr] loea eivat oyeoov TJ iOla ue TTJ

- OlKr] uac nOAlTlKr] TTJC; 19TJC; fJ.eKep{3piou (1956) ouox; ue evvunuevn ave~apTi]oia oro teso; TOU opopou avti ue KOINOTIKH A YTOfJ.IAeEIH: BAenOVTac; TO seua ue aUTO TO CPWC; Ol noootttuac va ouucuovnoei 0 MaKaploc; eivai eAaXloTec;. O! oe TOUPKOl «avooacav» TTJV ttpooouxvn AUToKu{3epVTJoTJ ue TTJV npoimoeeon OTl KOINOTIKH AYTOKYBEPNHIH Ba ntav OTO TeAOC; rou soouou. Ilioteuouv (oi ToupKOl) tuoc eyouus «ave! ouuiptavta (nataoeua) 0' aUTO TO onueio KQl eivat paAAov asovato va aAAa~ouv loea. H teseutaia eKBeoTJ TOU Stewart Yla TTJV TOUPKlKr] BeoTJ 0' autn TTJV neotttttoon etvcuayenxn», 24

H ZupiXI1 Ijrav rrpoowplvlj AUOl1 IxeTlKO us TO npoavacpepStv tyypacpo, elver KQl TO ertousvo.

Ine; 15.12.1958 (KQl evooto Ol uucnxec 5lanpaYllaTeuoele; TOU r']~11 eixav apxioel lleTa~U 'EAAllva Yn. E~wTeplKwv K. E. AJ3tpwcp KQl Toupxou 0IlOAOYOU TOU <1>. ZopAOU) 0 Yrtoupvoc E~WTeplKWv Tile; Bperuvloc oe Illa olllAia TOU eixe avacpepSei oe 5lXOTOlllKr'] AUOIl. H ovceooc lleTacptpSIlKe OTIl BOUAr'] TWV KOlVOTr']TWV KQl orcv epWTr']SnKe 11 KuJ3tpvllOIl va e~llyr']oel rt r']SeAe va rtet 0 Yrtoupvoc rnc, 11 rsxsurete uerorornoe TO Stlla ortcvrevrcc we; e~r']e;:

«ITlC; 31.5.1957 esnoootottoc 'fTJC; Foaoeiou Anoxuav eixe OTJAdJoel ttox; «enelor] imaoyouv ouoKoMec;, Yl' aUTO eivcu ttou TJ Ku{3epVTJoTJ euBuypappi(eral OTTJV ava(r]TTJOTJ uiac npOIDPINHI /\ YIHI». 25

88

H BPETANIKH IlANOVPrlA THI AmAHI AVTOAIA0EIHI

H ~I{WVIKOTI1Ta

rLa H] orll .. uoupyia TWV ovovsnuov noounoaeoeov KQL nOALTLKOU unosoaoou YLa uio OLXOTOIlIK~ AUOll ce uro TOOO IlIKP~ KQL cvcuucm oe nAIl8uoll0 xwpa, ro role ouOTaTlKa KQL ovovxolu oroixelo nrov:

a) Ava~a81l10ll Tile; uerovornrcc ce KOINOTHTA ue too nOALTLKa OIKQLWllaTa ~) 0 olaxwplOIlOe; KQL

y) To ouvrovuoruco eiooe; TOU olaxwplollOu ..

'Ooov coopo TO npWTO, txw e~Ily~oel ana nou nllya~eL KQL YLaTi, TO KOINOTIKO ororxeto nou XPllOlllonolouoav KQL XPllOlllonOLouv 01 Bpernvol.

o ncrepoc Tile; OLXOTOllllOlle; Tile; Kurtpou Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick 0 ortoloc olaTtAeoe we; 1l0VL1l0e; Yourtoupvoc OTO Yrtoupveto E~wTepLKwv (Foreign Office) nrnv 0 Ka8' "oAa uneusuvoc vto Til ooqnorelc KQL TOUe; rponouc va OLXOTOllll8ei TO vnot Ilae; ..

Eixe (KQL ~pioKoulle apKeTte; cvooopec TOU) onoqxiotosr nwe; Il KaAuTePll AUOll npoe; ournv rnv koreuauvon ue rnv LOLOllopcpia Tile; vnoou, nrov 0 ~IZONIKO:L olaxwplOIlOe; TWV EAA~VWV KQL TOUPKWV erti ~IKOINOTIKH:L OVTWe; ~aOlle; .. Na unapxel uto EI\I\HNIKH KQL urn TOYPKIKH ~WVIl (OUV 01 ~peTavLKte; ~aoele;) ..

o BpCTavoc; npw8urroupyoc; (Anthony Eden) rrpotpavwc; ~cv OUlltpwvouoc

nponuoooe cAAI1VIKtj Kal 8pcTavIKtj {WVI1 - 0XI TOUPKIKtj!

Ine; 7 AUYOUOTOU 1956, 0 rtnrepnc TT']e; oIXOTOllllOlle; Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick ue evurtovpoipo onuekopo TOU (nopcserci cvrlvpooo) orteuauveror OTOV Ynoupvo E~wTePIKWV KQL AteL:

«XUJ.1cpwvw anosuta J.1a(i oac TTWe; TJ OlXOrOJ.1TJoTJ 8a ttpenei va eeooetto, we; TJ TCXeutaia TTPOOTTTlKf} orov oAa ra aAAa attotuyouv. Katcupuvaus ae tetoia AUOTJ otnv TTepiTTrWOTJ inc IpAavoiae;, otnv tvbio «at atnv Teoveotn orov f}rav nla {cKa8apo TTWe; Sev UTTf}PXe tua toottoc va OUJ.1CPlAlW80uv ra evouxpeoousva ptPTJ AOYW owcpoperlKwv cutoiuetov .. Kcu oev ruoteuca TTWe; noenei va TTPOXWprjooUP€ Kat otnv TTepiTTrWoTJ tnc KUTTPOU, J.1tXPl va 0TJJ.1LOupYTJ80uv Ol iOlee; ouvenxec,

~ev tXOUJ.1e note J.1tXPl ttooo erteieovaotei tva OlXOTOJ.1lKO OXtOIO. H 6/Krj #lOU T] aTTol/JTJ eivtu TTWe; nPEnEI NA ynAP=OYN ~ YO ZONEX «cu va ylvouv npoeroiuooiec Yla A YTO~/AeEXH va o08ei ae Ka80pl0J.1tVTJ TJJ.1epoJ.1TJvia OT17v Ko8e pia, 0 npW8UTToupyoe; (Bperaviae;), OJ.1We;, ioox; va J.1TJv eYKpivel KC1TI TtTOIO, T17v tescu .. raia oooa TTOU rou J.1iATJOa yw ro 8tJ.1a unootnoice uta EAAHNIKH ZONH KAI MIA BPETANIKH .. ETTOJ.1tvwe;, ioux; va eivai KaAurepa, scv ouuoovette, va (TJTrjaw va

89


OW TOV /\6poo Radcliffe ue tva XapTT7 napa va anoneioaee va {3aAw 0, TlOr7TTOTe ypaTTTWC;». 26

o npw8unoupyoe; TOTe, nrov 0 Anthony Eden. 0 ortotoc, rtopoxec TIe; 5TJI.lOOlee; 5l1Awoele; TOU, 5ev euvoouoe 5lXOTOll11011 nou va 5[vel TI1V uro ~WVI1 OTOUe; ToupKOUe;. E5w va 8UIl[OW moe nrov 0 [5l0e; nou we; Yrtoupvoc E~wTeplKWv TO 1941 el0l1yr']8l1Ke TI1V "EvWOI1 TI1e; Kunpou ue TI1V EAA05a, aAAo, 11 elor']YI10r'] TOU e[xe anopplcp8e[ ... Yrtouovoc E~WTeplKWv TO 1956 nrov 0 5la13011TOe; Harold Macmillan. LUIl<Pwva us ro tyypa<pa, OIlWe;, ~eK08apa ecvepevercr 0Xl IlOVO uto 5la<pwv[a (KOTI nou e~oAAou rtovrore unopxel eK TOU <pUOlKOU Kal 5la<pwv[ee; I3P[oKoulle ouxvo epeuvevroc to apxe[a) aAAo pio oxeuoplo OTO Yrtoupveto E~wTeplKWv IleTa~u Macmillan KOI Kirkpatrick. Mla noooncaero va cvvonast TeAe[We; 0 npw8urtoupvoc KOI us unouxo rporto Ol 5uo TOUe;, va npoxwpr']oouv OTI1 5lXOTOlllKr'] ypallllr']·

To evurrovooeo aUTO onustouo TOU Kirkpatrick Ilae; 5l500Kel Kat. KOTI OAAO. fkoc, 0 5lKOe; uoc ev50TlOIlOe; one; ~tvee; un05e[~ele; «n 11 50UA0<PPOOUVI1" rtpoc TOUe; ortouaoxoorsc, txel 130118r']oel oe lleyoAo l3a81lo sxetvouc nou epyo~ovTOl evovrtov Ilae; a<p' evoc KUl 5ev :j301180 KOI TOUe; A[youe; nou xoro KOlpOUe; (lotcc vro 5IKOUe; TOUe; Aoyoue; r'] KOI ana vvnoto 5111l0KpaTlKo croanucro) uoc UnOOTl1p[~OUv, tOTW KOI KPU<PO a<p' ereoou,

H rtcocvvcpum TOU rtpcosurtoupvou KOI TWV ortoipetov TOU elver oxouo tva ev5elKTIKO TOU moe AelToupye[ TO Ynoupvelo E~wTeplKWv TI1e; Bpercvtcc. To onolov elver tva «KpOTOe; ev xpcter» KOI srtl TW rtxetorov Kul3epvoTOl ana Illa xou<pTa a~lwllaTouxwv TOU I3lKTwplavou KOI ouroxocropucou KaTeOTl1lltvOU TI1e; xwpae; ...

KOI I3tl3Ola cpvorspo 0 OUVWIlOTI1e; Macmillan evive 0 [5l0e; npw8unoupyoe; KOI 5ev e[xe Kaillo 5uoKoAia va npoxwpr']oel ue TO YVWOTO errdivuuo 5lXOTOlllKO TOU OXt5lO.

To ol1lleiwlla TOU Kirkpatrick <ptpel nuep. 7 Aevouorou 1956. Hrov lleTo TI1V Tpurepr'] KOI TIe; rtoorccetc TOU l\op50u Radcliffe. Tov ortolov OVTWe; e[5e 0 Kirkpatrick KOI 5leu8tTI10e Yla TIe; npovorec. Me cnorsxeouo KOI orucc aKpll3we; 0 rexeurotoc e[xe KaT a vouv, 11 XWPlOTr'] aUT05l08eol1 vto K08e urc ana TIe; KOlVOTI1Tee; XWPlOTO va «508e[» oe uerovevectepn nuepounvto, va erncnuonomset one 19 ~eKelll3p[ou 1956 ana TO 13r']lla TI1e; «Mntepnc TWV KOlvol3ouAiwv» OTO l\ov5ivo. Me OUllnAI1PWllaTlKr'] 5r']AW0I1 TOU Yn. Artouaov,

o LuvTaYllaToAoyoe; Radcliffe e[xe YPOllJel OTI1V tK8eor'] TOU TO 1956, ro cxoxouso KOI 0Xl ruxolo I3t13Ola. To rno nove cnuekouo Ilae; e~l1ye[ TOUe; xovouc. Tou e[xe ~I1TI18eL ..

«li would be natural enough to accord to members of a federation equality of representation in the federal body, regardless of the numerical proportions of the

90

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrJA THI AmAHI AVTOl.IA9EIHI

populations of the territories they represent. But can Cyprus be organised as a federation in this way? I do not think so. There is no pattern of territorial separation between the two communities and apart from other objections, federation of territories seems to me a very difficult constitutional form».

MenJ.CPPOOIl: ··8a ntav CPUOlKO va rrapaxwPTJBei iOTJ avtinpootaneuon ora J.1tATJ uiac ouoonovblac aoyeta J.1e tnv aplBJ.1T]TlKr7 avaAoyia rou rrAT]BuoJ.1oU rwv neptoxwv rrou a vtmoooomeuouv. 'OJ.1WC; unooei aoave n Kunaoc va oovaviose! ae uta ouoonovsta J.1e autov TOY toono; -dev ro vOJ.1i(w. -dev unaoxe, ttpotuno eoacplKou olaXWpl0J.10U J.1era~u rwv OUO «oivomttov «cu exti»; rwv OAAWV avtioonoetov, 0J.10- onovsia «oivomnov TJ orroia sev ouvenavetoi «at Ouoonovbia eoacplKou J.10U cpaivetai tva nos» OUOKOAO ouvtavuanxo eiooc».

noptvSeoll: TIlV 15lo CIn04J1l elxe KOI 0 lleOOAO~IlTTie: TWV Hvtouevtov ESvwv Dr Gala Plaza OTOV TO 1965 elxe eroiuooei tKSeoll YlO TO Kurtptnxo. MOAloTo 0 reAeuToloe: elxe ovooepsel AtYOVTOe::

•• To my mind the objections raised (against federation) also on economic, social and moral grounds are themselves serious obstacles to the proposition. It would seem to require a compulsory movement of the people concerned - many thousands on both sides contrary to all the enlightened principles of the present time, including those set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ... The events of December 1963 have not basically altered this characteristic ... In fact the arguments for the geographical separation of the two communities under a federal system of government have not convinced me that it would not inevitably lead to partition ... » 27

MeToCPPOOIl: «KoTO TIlV on04JTi 1l0U Ol ovnppnostc nou npo~ATiSIlKOv evovrtov Tile:

O1l00nov510e: we: erttonc KOl YlO OlKOVOlllKOUe:, KOlVWVlKOUe: KOl IlSlKOUe: AOYOUe: ana uovec TOUe: elver ellno5lo ornv rtporocn. eotvsror So xpelooTel OVOYKOOTlKTi ueroxtvncn nAIlSuoIlWV, nOAAwv XlAl05WV ana oucorepec rtc rtxsupec etc nopo~loOIl OAWV TWV 5l0CPWTlOTlKWV 0PXwv TWV KOlPWV, oUllneplAoll~Ovolltvwv KOl exetvwv nou KoSoploTIlKOV ornv nOYKOOlllO LllOKTipU~1l TWV AvSpwnlvwv LllKOlWIlOTWV... To vevovoro TOU 1963 5ev txouv ~OOlKO OAAo~el aUTO TO XOPOKTIlPlOTlKO ... LUYKeKpllltvo Ol OU~IlTTioele: YlO vetovooouco 5l0XWPlOilO TWV 5uo KOlVOTTiTWV KOTW ana tva OMOLIlONLlIAKO OUOTTlIlO Ku~tpVllOIle: 5ev I.lt tXOUV netoer nwe: cvonoceuicro 5ev So ocnvouv OTIl 5lXOTOIlIl01l ... »

(No cnueuooto moe Ol nporooetc nou npo~oAAOVTOV YlO Oil00nov510Kn }.,0011. TiTOV onorexeouo TWV KPUCPWV OUIlCPWVlWV nou elxov «rver npiv rnv unoypOq,n TWV OUIlCPWVlWV ZUplXIle: KOl Aovolvou Ol Bpernvot ue TOUe: ToUpKOUC;).

91


01 TOupKOKurrplOI eivat AIYOT£POI TOU 20%

nOpOAA'lAO KOI 010 [510 TO Yrtoupvelo E~U)TepIKWV KOI ouvxexpurevc OTO Tunuo «NOT[OU Euptortnc» ernxocrouce 'l LO~TH AnOlfJH. H onoto oruoconnore ouuotovouos OT'lV ouoto ue exelvn TOU npw8unoupyou Eden (YIO TOU~ [510u~ AOyOU~). To mo KOTW onuekouo q>tpel nuep, 1.1.1956, OTOV 5'lA05r'l 01 ouvovmoerc MOKOptou / LTPOTOPX'l Harding OKOIlO ouvex[~ovTOV.

«L' auto ro otasio av oac tueoouv 01 TOUPKOI lowe; va etvai avoYKTJ va roue; nette tuac tva oTJJ.10KparlKo ouvtavuo eivoi otiuvato va sive: Em 1:l01:l OPOI:l I1IKAIQMATA (JJH(J>OY:lE 11 YO KOINOTHTE:l ME TO:lH MEIAAH I1IA(J>OPA ze A PIBMOY:l, (01 Touoxoxutuuo: eivai J..lyorepO rou 20%) OJ.1We; TJ rrpOBeOTJ eivtu va ooBel otuootinttore rrJ..f]PTJ noootaoia otnv roUPKIKf] Koivotnto» 28

TeAIKO, KOI ooou npO'lyr'l8'lK.e OA'l 'l «OVOYKO[O» npoerotuoolc ono TOV Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick KOI TOV nepivupo TOU OTO Yrtoupvslo E~wTepIKwv, np9XWP'lOe 0 [510~ OT'lV erouioolo TWV oxe5[wv vro tn 5IXOTOIl'l0'l. AVOAUTlKO vpoqxo vto rn 5IXOTOunon OTO «'Erol «ateotoeuiav tnv Kuttoo», OAAO, nepIAoll~OVW KOI 0' aUTO TO ~I~A[O TO xuprorsoo onuelo, exetvo 5'lA05r'l TOU b.IXOTOMHTIKOY EnONYMOY XAPTH, 0 ortoloc npo~oAAeTOl KOI OTO e~wq>uAAO TOU ~I~A[OU. LTO TtAO~ TOU Keq>OAO[OU unoPxel el51Ko noocornuo ue rtc cvovxolec ene~'lYr'loel~ YIO TO OxeTlKO XOPT'l. npoowmKO 8ewpw TO tyypoq>o aUTO, TO mo O'lIlOVTlKO rnc OA'l~ epeuvcc uou. 0 XOPT'l~ OUTO~ oe ouvoucouo ue TO urtoxomo nou npO~OAAW OTO ~I~A[O, rncrsue, np05[5el KOI ~eoKeno~el Tr.] ~peTovIKr'l ncvro nOAlTlKr'l OT'lV OAOT'lTO T'l~ ...

OJJoorrov~/a

Aoou AOtnOV, e[501le rtcoc OAO TO «OVOYKO[O OUOTOTlKO» YIO T'lV TPOXI05pOIl'l0'l rnc 5IXOTOIl'l0'l~ e[xov OUOTpOTeu8e[, a) TO ertl [001~ OPOl~, ~) TO KOIVOTlKO (KOI ue TOV 51~WVIKO 510XWPIOll0 uerorponnxe OTO YVWOTO b.IKOINOTIKO), y) KOI ue TOV 51~WVIKO 510XWPIOll0 eTOIIlOOT'lKOV KOI TO oXt510 rnc 5IXOTOIl'l0'l~, 1l0~ uevei va cvcceosouue OT'lV «OIl00nov5[0».

LTl~ opxt~ TOU 1958 (lovoucpro KOI <l>e~pouoplo) 01 TOUPKOI e[xov 51Ilepe[~ 510- noovucrsuoerc OTO Aovotvo YIO Oll00nov510KO OUOTrIIlO OT'lV Kurtpo. KOI YI' aUTO TO Keq>OAOlO vpnqxo OVOAUTlKO 010 nponvouuevo ~I~A[O, «'Erol «ataotpeuiav tnv Kuttoo», YI' aUTO 5ev 80 eneKT08w. napa 1l0VO oe 5uo T'lAeypoq>rIIlOTO nou OVTOAAOx8rlKOV lleTo~u Bpsrovov KOI TOUpKWV.

92

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THl: AInAHl: AVTOAIA0El:Hl:

1) TTlAeypacprUla TOU Ynoupytlou E~wTeplKwv TTlC; Bpsrovtcc npoc AYKupa nusp. 5.2.1958 oe ortovrnon TOUPKIKOU 0XOAiou:

«"Exw f]oT7 e~T7yf]oel OTOU~ TOUpKOUe; Ynoupvouc YlaTi oev J.1TTopOUJ,1e va oeXeOuJ,1e OTT7 of]AWOf] uac avacpopa oe ouoottovtnaxo OUOTT7J,1a. 01 rrpOTeIVOJ,1eVee; At~ele; «etti {001e; OpOIe;» (equal footing) OTT7v ttaoeeiuevn neotnttoan ea eyou» TT7V {ola 0T7J,1ao{a ottox; 01 At~el~ «en! 0J,100rrOvolaKf]e; {3aoT7e;» xai we; e« toutou, ea ttooxaXouoav Tie; {olee; avtisoooeu; napa raUTa, e~aKOAOUeW va e~eTa(w JitXPI ttoiou OT7J,1e{ou unooia va (3eATlwow TT7 YAwooa rou OXeo{OU 0T7AwoeWe; Yla va isavottomeOUV 01 emeUJ,1{ee; TT7~ TOUPKIKT'/~ Ku{3tpVT70T7e; OTO 0T7J,1e{o aUTO», 29

2) TTlAeypaCPTll1a an6 'AYKupa npoc Yn. E~wTeplKwv TTlC; Bperovtcc nuep. 6.2.1958:

«LxeTiKa J,1e TO etJ,1a TWV rrOAITIKWV e~eAl~eWV, 0 K. Lloyd oev otXeT7Ke TOV ooo «ouoonovoiam {3aoT7», arroKAclOTIKa atto TT7V attouir; OTi '1 XPf]oT7 rou ooou autou oev ntav opef]. Yrrapxcl, CVTOUTOIe;, ouucuovia J,1era~u rou Hvtauevou Baoisetou «at T7J,1WV ylO avavvooum, ueoa ora nsatoia TWV ttoovoubv TOU LUVTa vua TOe;, OTT7V TOUPKIKf] KOIVOTT7TQ TWV lolwv olKalWJ,1aTwv J,1e TT7v eAAT7vIKf] KOIVOTT7TQ 0' 0, TI aipooa TT7 01O{KT70T7 TT7~ vnaou. Av «a: '1 ooaon «eni {OOIe; oooic- yevlKa eKcppa(el autnv TT7 cuiuptovia, OCV c~urraKouel PT7TWe; «cu oiupox; tetoia oacpf] svvoro ottou; '1 ooaot; «0J,100rrOvolaKT'/ /300'1». ErravaAaJ,1{3avOuJ,1e, we; e« TOUTOU, TT7v ttaoaxsnon uac va rreplAT7CPee{ OTO «eiuevo TT7e; 0T7Awoewe; '1 tpoaot; «eni {001e; OpOIe;». 30

OpoorrOV~/OKtj AUOIl

Tov 10UVlO TOU 1957, I1€TO TTlV al1eplKaVlK~ ortoppupn TWV OlXOTOl1lKWV oxeoiwv TOU Foreign Office (Sir Ivane Kirkpatrick), 0 Bpsrovoc npw8unoupy6c; eixe ~TlT~Oel va TOU 008ei ano4JTl an6 TO Yrtoupveio E~wTeplKwv (Foreign Office) vto 01100novolaK~ AUOTl vto TTlV Kurtpo. (H cvcoopo one 5.6.1957). 31

M£ Til 8otj8£/0 TWV EAAllvoKurrpiwv 80 TO KOTOtptpOUP£

«E{val KaAf] '1 arroljJT7 TOU K. Smith (0 a~IWJ,1aTOUXOe; rrou eixe etoiuaoei TO OXeTIKO OT7J,1c{wJ,1a). 'OJ,1We; oev eiucu {3t{3alOe; ttox; autn eivoi OAT7 '1 iotooia. H TOUPKIKf] KU{3tpvT70T7 ruoteuei tuoc '1 0IXOT0J,1T70T7 TT7e; Kuttpou oev ea eivai KaTavaYKT7v rroAu OUOKOAT7, «cu oev ea e~urraKouel J,1eyaAT7e; KAlJ,1aKae; avraAAayf] rrAT7eUOJ,1WV. lllaTT7- oouv TT7v anoum OTi ME /'t/rH LYNEPr ALIA AnO THN EAAHNOKynPIAKH nAEYPA, ea uttopouv va uttaoxouv II YO ZONEL OTT7v Kunpo, uta «at)» atto TOupKoKurrplaKf] 01O{KT70T7, «a: uta «ano otto eAAT7voKurrplaKf] 010 {KT7 0'1. llev eivat avavxaio va onaimeet 01 EAAT7voKurrp101 va J,1eraKIVT7eOUV atto TT7v roUPKIKf] (WVT7 «cu avtieetcx; 01 Boetavoi unooooue va «oamoouue ra OIKa uac J,1tPT7 oro vT70{,

93


«a: TOTe TJ vnooc 8a unooei va ololKeiral ue tv.a eioo~ ouoonovtnamc KU{3tPVTJaTJ~ aTTJ ueon.

L1ev eiuai {3t{3alo~ tiox; aUTO unooei va anoxseiotet eVTeMiJ~. 'OIlW~ TO eoetnua TOTe eivoi: nOLO 8a eivai TO eisoc TTJ~ ouoonovonc KevTpIKf}~ Ku{3tpVTJaTJ~; ... 'Oiuacuu: ouoottovsta ouvettavetcu avall<Pla{3f}TTJTTJ Kuplapxia. Kcu aTTJv neptnuaori TTJ~ Kimoou, TJ eAATJvIKf} (wvTJ 8a eivoi eAetJ8epTJ va evtoee! ue TTJV EAAooa, «a: TJ TOUPKIKf} ue TTJV Touosia ... » 32

~eUTf:po onuekouo OAAOU O~LWIlOTOUXOU ouurtxnoovei:

«Xe ilia ouoonovsia ouvettavetcu avavvtapiori TTJ~ uiac Ku{3tpvTJaTJ~ atto TTJV OAATJ. H Ko8e Ku{3tpVTJaTJ va avavvtaoite: TTJ oeaioa e{ouaia~ TTJ~ OAATJ~ ... Xe tteoittttoaTJ nou ilia ano tic Ku{3epvf}ael~ autec attocaoiaet va evioee! ue OAAO ueooc TJ ouoottovbia ottaei aueotoc». 33

Exeivo nou OL Bpercvot O~LWIlOTOUXOL elxov ooscc emonucvsr, (~Atne OPX~ rtpoTOU onuetouoroc ruo rtcvto) ~TOV nw~ ue rnv 01l0onov510 OL TOUPKOL (nou ~511 e1xov OTO XtPL TO ororrstc, 5LKOlVOTlKO, 5L~WVlKO, 5lXOTO~LLKO, tooic OPOL~), npoxwpouoov ornv e~oo<poALOll KOL OAAWV nopoxwp~oewv,OUT~ Til q>opo TOV EI\ErXO OI\OKI\HPH~ TH~ KynpOy. rLO TO OXt5l0 TOU~ OUTO, ~t~atO, once Ilo~ coveptovouv TO 15LO TO ~peTovlKa evvococ, Ol TOUPKOl novrors (orto TO 1957) BA~IZONTAN ~TH ~YNEprA~IA TH~ EI\I\HNOKYnpIAKH~ nI\EYPA~ ...

H ettiotteuan TWV EUIlCPwv/(iJV ZupiXI1t; KOI Aov~ivou

«What you cannot achieve by logical thinking you achieve by the method of vertical thinking».

(Exslvo nou 5ev urtopelc vo KOTopSwoeL~ ue rnv KOVOVLK~ AOYLK~ unopetc vo KOTopSwoeL~ ue Til IltS050 rnc KoSeTll~ AOYLK~~. rlO OUT~ Til IltS050 (511A05~ ue 5loq>opeTlKOU~ rportouc vo Kep5ioel~ eve OTOXO OOU OTOV Ile rnv oneuSeio~ 5l0- rtpovuoreuon 5ev TO «rrceepvetc) tYlVOV oeurvooro ern l\euKwoio ana Auepucovouc KOSllYllTt~ ertl npoeootoc r. BOOlAelou).

Ot Bpsrovot ovnuertorutcv nOAAo npO~A~1l0TO ue TO KunpLOKO KOL ue Til 5l0POTLKOTllTO TOU~ npot~Aenov nee 5ev e1xov KOLPO IlnpOOTO TOU~ ov TO ouuqxovnaeVTO ue TOU~ TOUPKOU~ So eunoivov rno ornv euaeto.

0) Elxov vo cvnuertorttoouv rpouepec 5uoKoAie~ OTO ~ull~OUAlO rnc Euptortnc ue nc 5uo eAAllvlKt~ noooeuvec evovrtov rnc Bpsrovlcc YLO ~OOOVLOTllPLO OTO KPOTllT~PLO KTA (~Atne Keq>oAatO YlO rnc «EAAllvlKt~ rtpoceuvec»).

~) To ~tlilo TWV Hveuevov ESvwV 5ev ~TOV TOOO suxoxo VO TO KPOT~OOUV YLO novro ue TO uepoc TOU~ Kat 11 oneAeuStpwoll TWV AOWV ~TOV ana TL~ ~OOlKt~

94

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THI AmJ\HI AVTOLUA0EIHI

apxte; TOU KaTaaTanKOU XOPTIl TOU Opvcvrouou. LIl~avnK~ 11 ortoeoon Tile; TEAEUTa[ae; EAAIlVlK~e; rtoooouvnc aTOV OHE one 5.12.1958 11 ortoto TOVl~E (ouoqxova) rnv unoaT~pl~~ Tile; vto uro Auall oro Kurtptoxo ouueevo ~E rtc Apxte; TOU Koroorcnxoo XOPTIl.

y) 0 ouepucovucoc ncpcvovroc OEV urtoctnprce OlXOTO~lK~ Xuon, aAAo, E[OOe; auTOKu~tpvllalle; ~E TEAlK~ Auall rnv AVE~apTlla[a Kat oXl Til OLnA~ curoorcaeon Kat OEV un~pxav aTO ~tAAOV rtpoorrrucec va OEXSOUV Ol HnA olxoTo~llall.

0) Ot Bpercvol yvwpl~av nwe; Ol unocouxor Aao[ svcc ~ETO TOV OAAO ertctpvov ma rnv aVE~apTlla[a TOUe;. rVWpl~av nOAu rteorooorspo moe TO St~a Sa EYE[pETO oro Hvouevo 'ESVIl. 'Onwe; Kat tYlVE Kat ~E ortoecon Tile; rEVlK~e; LuvtAEualle; TWV H. ESvwv one 14 ~EKE~~p[OU 1960 EYKP[SIlKE 11 ertrrcxuvon Tile; anEAEuStpwaile; OAWV TWV ortoucuov oe OAOV TOV xoouo. Hrcv notoropouxlo TOU TOTE LO~lEnKOU nvsm N. Khrushchev, 0 onoloc ~oAlaTa ortorrouoe rnv Ecpap~oy~ Tile; apx~e; ournc rtptv ana TO 1961. (To 1963 rtnpe rnv aVE~apTlla[a TOU Kat TO KOu~tlT. LUvrovuoroxovoc 0 J\opooe; Radcliffe. napaStTw Til ~laK~pU~1l TWV Hvtouevev ESvwv TOU 1960 vtc rnv aVE~apTl1a[a TWV ortouaev «n TWV AaWv).

E) Ertouevoc Ol Bpercvol OEV E[Xav KatPO unoooro TOUe;. rl' aUTO ortooootccv TIlV rtpootoptvn Auall Tile; Zup[XIle;, vtnrl OVO~O~OVTae; TIlV rtpootoptvn KaSllauxa~av Kat TOUe; Toupxouc, aTOUe; ortolouc E[xav urtooysaet Til ~la~ Kurtpo oe ~ETaYEvtcrapo Xpovo, orcv Ol auvS~KEe; Sa TO euvoouocv, Lu~nTwall cpcve nou Ol npoonoaeiec vto KAE[m~o TOU Kurtptoxou E[Xav evrorucortomset EUSUe; ~ETO Til ~ETaorpotpn MaKap[ou vto rnv aVE~apTlla[a;

nO~E Aiyoue; ~~VEe; rtloto.

To rno KOTW OKpWe; cnoppnro (ElOlK~e; nporepcnommc) ~aKpoaKEAte; TIlAEYPOCPIluo nuep. 8.1.1958 ana TOV Yn. E~WTEPlKWV Tile; Bpercvloc npoe; TOV Auspuccvo O~OAOYO TOU Dulles ypOcpEl ~ETa~u OAAWV ao~apwv:

«eo f}8£Aa va 8£wpf}a£T£ aUTO TO unvuua wC; npOaWITIKO Via oac uovaya ttpoc TO ttaoov (£KTOC; «a: av elate imoyoeiouevoc va avcupepste TO «eiuevo TOU aTOV ttooesoo (Aj.1£PIKf}C;) f) otuoc eoeic E,tP£T£) ..

o Foot, 0 veoc KU{3£PVf}TT7C;, tX£1 KOV£I uta £E,aip£TT7 OOUA£IO TIC; 4 £{300j.1oo£C; TOU !J.£Ktj.1{3PT7 nou {3piaK£TOI aTT7v Kunpo. Kataoeoe va aAAoE,£1 TT7v atuootpaipa ue TO npOaWITIKO TOU saoooc ot«; 0T7j.1oal£C; euipavioeu; TOU ttaoosov TOV cpo{3o TWV Tp0j.10KpaTIKwv erueeoetav «cu KOV£I encupec; ue nOAAouc; Kunoux«; onuooia «cu IOIWTIKO. Eivai j.1a(i uac autec TIC; ueoec «cu ouuiptove! nAf}pwc; j.1a(i uac Via TO veo uac axtolo, A£nTOj.1tp£I£C; TOU ottoiou oac oivw a' aUTO TO TT7A£VPOCPT7j.1a.

!J.£v uttooouue va ErKA TAAEIIJlOYME T/~ YnO~XErE/~ ttou OWaaj.1£ aTOUC; TOUPKOUC;, 0T7Aaof} T7 TOupKOKunplaKf} KOIVOTT7Ta va tX£1 TO olKaiwj.1a va anooaoi-

95

Ano THN ENtlIH ITHN KATOXH

(el POVTJ tnt; to ptAAOV tnc we; pia KOIVorTJTQ aKpl/3we; ue rov iolO toano ttou 8a txel TJ eAATJVOKunplaKrJ KOIVOrTJra. Llev unopouue va evxaraseuuouue rTJ 8toTJ autti viati:

a) EXOYME KANEI LlHMOXIA TH LlEXMEYXH A YTH.

/3) 8a txel 8avaolpee; erutttiaoeu; ylO tnv touonkn KU/3tPVTJOTJ. y) H aAAaYrJ eow (8peravia) 8a eival OUOKOATJ.

0) Av oev ouveyioouue outtiv tnv nOAlrlKrJ oev uttaoxe: «aiua npoontuai 01 ToupKOKunplol va ouveXioouv rTJ XYNEPfAXIA roue; pa(i uac.

Enouevox; eionvouuaare va biamonoouus mv uttooyeor; uac, TJ ottoia Atel ttox; TJ olXOrOPTJoTJ 8a eival pia orro Tie; eVaAAaKTIKte; suoeu; atnv nepinttaan autooia-

8 34

eOTJe;···"·

'ETOl xm ~piOKOUIlE ro rooo noooxovo Kat C>lXOTOlllKO Kat avnC>'lIlOKpanKO OTOlXEia one; neoteovec I:UV9tlKEe; T'le; K . .D.'lIlOKpaTlae;, OUV ro anapOC>EKTa unepnoovouio T'le; rouoxoxurtotoxnc IlElOVOT'lTae;. rt' aUTO ertperts va KAeioouv TO Kurtoioxo rtoon 9uoia npiv TO 1960. Kat 0' aUTO TOUe; ~Otl9'lOE nOAU n uercorcoen TOU Maxcptou OT'lV ave~apT'loia, XOP'l OT'l Bperuvldo cvnrtpoeopo TOU EpyanKou KOIluoroc Barbara Castle. AAAOlWe; txavav TOOO Ol iC>lOl (Bpsrnvol), 000 «n Ol ToupKOl TO natxvlC>l Kat vcucvouocv ro oXtC>lO TOUe; vro C>lXOTOIl'lO'l rnc Kunpou ... XapaKT'lPlOTlKO Kat TO unvuuo nou OTOA9rlKE ana rn ~pETaVlKtl cvnnoooerteto OTa Hveuevo 'E9v'l (Nta YOPK'l) npoe; TOV K. J.A. Addis TOU Foreign Office one; 2.10.1957:

-:

«Arro tnv aAATJ, TJ AUOTJ ovesaomoiac mscvov va eAKuel onuavttxo aoieuo ovnnoooiaruav, EILlIKA av autn tA8el we; anaitnan ano roue; 18ayeveie; (roue; iOlOue; roue; Kottptouc)», 35

H orrOppllpfI TflC; ZupiXflC; fI POVfI xoPtVfI £UKOlpio P£Ta TO 1931 Ertouevroc, KAElvovTae; Kal TOUTO TO KEq>OAalO, EnavaAall~Ovw T'lV novio 1l0U 9to'l, moe, KalllO OAA'l XAMENH EYKAIPIA C>EV UntlP~E OTO KunplaKO npO~A'llla IlETO TO 1931, EKTOe; orto TO 1959. H MONA.D.IKH XAMENH EYKAIPIA HTAN H EYKAIPIA NA MHN .D.EX6EI 0 MAKAPIOI: TH ZYPIXH . .D.uoTuxwe;, OIlWe; . .D.Ev untlPxe «cvevcc q>o~oe; C>lXOTOIl'lO'le;. Hrov tvae; WIlOe; «n anolKlaKOe; EK~laoIlOe;. AnAo Ol Bpsrovot EVC>laq>tpovTav va E~aoq>aAioouv rc ouueeoovrc TOUe;, ro ortolo av C>EV ~la~ovTouoav C>EV 9a to E~un'lpeToUoav, IlE TOV rpono nou ro xcroesouv. OUTE Kat ro oxtC>la Kat Ol urtooxeoetc TWV npoe; TOUe; TOUpKOUe; 9a UAOnOtOUVTav, Eq>OOOV IlE T'lV crtoocon TWV Hvoueveiv E9vwv n 9to'l TWV Kunpiwv 1l0AAOV 9a EVlOXUETO O'lllaVnKO! KAEivw EC>W, noocaerovrcc cxouo nevrs OXETlKte; Kat IltXPl onusoo (lC>laiTEpa), TPOq>tl vic oKt$'l ovceopec:

96

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrlA THI ~IIlAHI AVTOllIA9EIHI

1) npOMEAETHMENOL EKBIALMOL

«'Drav 01 EAATJvOKUrrplol aVTlATJCPeouv ttox; TJ svaAAaKrlKr7 AuoTJ ea eivai TJ DlxoroPTJOTJ, DTJPloupysiral TO «ivtttoo ekeivo rrou ea roue; «ave: va DOKlpa(ouv va ettituXOUV ue tt; ouvurrap~r7 roue; we; DUO K01VOrTJrSe; oro vnoi ... 01 (3psravIKSe; atcatnY1KSe; uac avaYKSe; noettei va DlarTJPTJeOuv». 36

2) OL Bpercvol TO 1958 ~T]TOUOaV ana TOU~ TOUPKOU~ MIA ~HAOLH nou va AteL: a) nOL EniMENOYN LTH ~IXOTOMHLH

~) Na ernuevouv oe uio TpLllepr'j 5LaOKeljJT]

y) Na noporpuvouv TOU~ Toupxoxunpiouc va ouveytcouv TT] LYNEPrALIA TOU~ ue TOU~ Bpercvouc. 37

3) OL TOUPKOL eixav ouuqxovnos. us TOU~ Bperovouc va 5ex80uv TL~ LUIlq>wvie~ ZupiXT]~ KQL Aovotvou us TT]V noourtosecn moe TT] ZupiXT] 8a oxoxouaouce 0XL uovo T] 5LXOTOIlT]0T], aAAa H OMOLnONf1IA. (Me TT]V onoiav 8a eixav TOV tAeyxo OAOKAT]PT]~ TT]~ Kurtpou us npoorrrucn TT]V OAOKAT]PWTLKr'j KaTaAT]ljJr'j TT]~). na TT]V novto nOALTLKr'j TWV TOUPKWV, a~txaOTT] LOTOPLKr'j cvooooc:

«THIS IS A TYPICAL PIECE OF TURKISH DIPLOMACY: TAKE WHAT YOU ARE OFFERED BUT ONLY ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT YOU EXPECT MORE». A.D.M. Ross Foreign Office 24.2.1958 ... 38

MeTaq>paarr «AUTO elver uio rurnxn ano5el~T] TOUPKIKr'j~ 5mAWllaTia~: nape O,TL OOU tXOUV rtoooeeoer rtopc, 1l0vaxa ue TT]V noourtosecn moe 8a neptueverc va oou 5woouv rtsprooorepc». Fpouuevo ana TOV ovorrepo AeLTOUPYO OTO Ynoupveto E~wTepLKwv K. A.D.M. Ross OTL~ 24.2.1958.

rpaq>TT]Ke TL~ uepec nou 5le~ayovTav OTO Aovolvo 01 5Lllepei~ 5lanpaYllaTeuoeL~ ue TOU~ TOUPKOU~ KQL TaU Bpernvouc YLa ouoortovotcxn AUOT]. LTL~ OUVOIlIAie~ exetvec eixe Aa~el ueooc KQL a N. Erim, TOUPKO~ cuvrovuoroxovoc, KQL uersrterro npw8unoupyo~. 0 av8pwno~ nou eixe OU~T]Tr'joel (KQL naALV OTO Aovolvo) TOV lavouopio TaU 1957 TL~ rtporcoetc Radcliffe us TOV rsxeurcto, KQL 0 av8pwno~ nou eixe xapa~el ana TO 1956/57 (aKpl~w~ uero TL~ 5LanpaYllaTeuoel~ TOU us TOV Radcliffe) TT]V TOUPKLKr'j nOALTLKr'j. H ortoio aKoAOu8eiTQL exrors oe ouvepvooto KQL cpuovto ue TO ~peTaVLKO Ynoupyeio E~wTepLKwv. 0 N. Erim eixe xapaKTT]pioeL TL~ nporoostc TOU Radcliffe (OL ortolsc nrcv KQL T] QLTia va 508ei rcuroxpovo ue TT]V ernonuonotncn TOU~ OTL~ 19.12.1956 OTT] ~peTaVIKr'j ~OUAr'j T] urtocveon YLa ~exwplorn aUT05La8eoT] W~ TeALKr'j AUOT]) ... W~ «APILTOyprHMA». KQL a Bpsrcvoc OUvrcvuoroxovoc TOU eixe onovmosr: «Ta toupnxa STTlXS1Pr7para ea ATJcpeouv urroIjJTJ». .. 39

4) «No/1i(w DSv noetic: va cpo{3opaors va plAa/1s snuoouoc ttox; eiuaote evavtiov ttic Evtaoeox; 01 TOUPKOI ea napattoviouvttu aAAa otnv noavuanxomta DSv ea

97


roue; VOl(j(£1. EK£[VO nou O£V uttooooue Ka80AOU va KOVOUji£ eivtu va olaypocpouue evrestbc tn OlxorOji'1O'1 YLQr[ tore 8a eiuacte aouvetteic ue ttiv unoox£of] uac tnc 19'1e; I.1£K£ji{3p[ou 1956». 17.12.1958. 40

5) NA TOYL XPHLIMOnOIOYME riA npOnArAN~A.

« ... Eivai evouupeoov (Kal eva onueio nou a~[(£1 va XP'1oljionolouji£ Yla noorrcvovoa otnv Kuttpo} nux; evac apl8jioe; imeueovtov EAAf]vwv ttaoa tuateuouv ttox; av ouuipiovnoouue yLQ ttiv Evoxm «ai anooupeooue otto in vnoo, 01 TOUPKOI 8a KaraAo{3ouv tnv Kunpo OLQ tnt; {3[ae;, sv avavkr; tnv enouevn ueoa». 41

To onuekouc aUTO XPovoAoyeiTat ana TIe: 12.10.1955 Kat vooqrrruce ue aq>op~tl TTlV eKKATlOTl TOU AnOlKlaKOU rpa~~aTea Kat ~eAoue: rnc British Intelligence OTTlV Kurtpo J. Reddaway ornoc TOU oTaAei AN8ENOTIKO Y I\IKO. riVeTat ovnxnrrro, ~e~ata, TO moe XPTlOl~OnOlOuoav Kat oxouo rtpoocvoc XPTlOl~OnOlOuv coroxec Kat oveusuvec 0TlAWoele: oprouevcov nuerepev ...

nAPEN8ELH 1

0, nporaoeu; Radcliffe

'Orov eixav erourooret Ol rtoorcoeic Radcliffe TO 1956, ontoc exw aVaAUTlKO vpo~el OTO «Erol «atectpeuiav tnv Kunpo. Ol Bpsrcvol eixav oxontpox; nooouotocer olaq>opeTlKO ovrtvpoeo OTOUe: 'EAATlVee: Kat Olaq>opeTlKO OTOUe: TOUPKOue:. -ttaoanomuevec yLQ ra uana rwv EAAf]vwv Kal Olacpop£TlKee; vro ra ucmc rwv TOUPKWV» evoceov Ol iOlOl OTO Yrtoupvsio E~wTeplKwv. (42)

Me oxorto va yivouv oeKTee: ana cucorsosc TIe: nxeupec; Touroypovc, o~we: eixav oTeiAel Kat TOUe: K.K. D.L. Pearson (rpa~~aTea TOU I\opoou Radcliffe) Kat TOV kunoro K. Toovcprrn nou epya~oTav OTTlV Kunpo vro TTlV crtouaoxporucn KU~epvTloTl one LeUxeAAee: va OOUV TOV APX. MaKoplo. LTOV Aoxreruoxono eixe oTaAei o~we: ~ovoxa TO ncportomuevo xeluevo npoc TOUe: 'EAATlVee: KOl uerceooouevo OTTlV EI\I\HNIKH. ~TlAaOtl, TO TI npcvuon nepleAo~~avav Ol nporcoetc Radcliffe, TOV TOTe Katp6, xovevcc ana eAATlVlKtle: nAeupoe: oev yvwpl~e OUYKeKpluevo, eKToe: ana TOUe: ouyypaq>eie: TOUe: Kat TOUe: ... TOUPKOUe:.

To rsxsuroto (eAATlVlKO xstuevo OTOV MaKoplO) coveooverci ana uro epWTTlOTl npoc TOV TOTe Yourtoupvo K. Profumo ana TOV ~OUAeUTtl K. Awbery. 0 rexeurotoc eixe pWTtloel KaTo nooov Sa «rrcteaouv OTTl ~l~AlOStlKTl TTle: BOUAtle: TWV KOlVOTtlTWV nooxnxo TTle: OUVOVTTlOTle: TWV OUO ovnrtoocomov (Pearson / Topvcprrn) ue TOV MaKoplo one LeUxeAAee:. 0 Profumo anOVTTlOe:

«Eowoav orov ApXI£n[oKono £AA'1VIKf] ueraippaon rwv tipotaoeiov «oi avoipooa

98

H BPETANIKH nANOVPrJA THI ~mAHI AVTOAIA0EIHI

Yla tic OTJAwoele; rou Yrr. Anoucubv otic 19.12.1956 (eruonuonoinon rwv oTJAwoewv «u olKaiwJ.1a omAfJe; autootaeeonc)». 43

nOpOIlEVEL 0YVWOTO OV OL DUO OYYEAELO<POPOL Eixov IlETO~L~OOEL OAEe; nc 01lAWOELe; TOU Yn. Anoucuov nspt ~ExwpLoTi)e; OUTOOLOSEOlle; ...

Eow slum oVOYKOOIlEvll EK TWV rtpovucrtov va SEOW EVa EPWTrIIlO:

o K. Topvcplrnc, (0 onoloc we; EAAllVOKunpLOe; oruoconnore cvnuerorncs ooscoc npO~Allll0 OUYKpOUOlle; OUIlq>EPOVTwv, Eq>OOOV EPYO~OTOV YLO rnv onoLKLoKPOTio KQL TO BOOLALKO ~PETOVLKO LTEIlIlO), YVWPL~E OTOV nnve we; onEOTOAIlEVOe; TOU LTEIlIlOTOe; one; LEUXEAAEe;, moe, urmpyov TpELe; IlETOq>pOOELe; KQL ncpcnomuevo KEillEVO TWV npOTOOEWV Redcliffe, KQL TL oUOLoonKO EOLVOV OTOV MOKOPLO KQL n EKPU~OV;

L' aUTO TO onusto va noocasoto KQL rtoic 0 Bperovoc Yrtoupvoc Lennox-Boyd EiXE nEL OTOV K. KopollovAi) one; 14.12.56 OTOV TOV EnLOKEq>SllKE OTllV ASi)vo (IlETO Til OUVOVT1l0i) TOU IlE TOV MEVTEpEe; OTllV f\YKUpO) moe: «'QAOI eiyav ouuiptovrioe: ttox; TO touonxa ouutpepovta ettoene va olaocpaAlorouv. 01 Touoeo! eiyav 0TJAwoel tuac aura 8a olaocpaM(ovrOl/J.1e ro va o08ei otouc Touoxouc; IIOTlMH ANTlnpOIDnEYIH J.1e roue; EAATJVOKurrpIOUe;, fJ J.1e rTJ sruuouovta oeurepTJe; {3ouAfJe;. 0 /\opooe; Radcliffe eixe a no oaotoe I evavtiov, OJ.1We;, eixe etuvonoei aAAOUe; toottouc va olaocpaAloTOuv ra tooonxa ouuceoovta «cu nox; 01 npotaoeic Radcliffe ntav MONAXA TO ENA MEPOI an' on eixe unoiut; rou (0 Bpetavtx; Ynoupvoc) Yla oleu8erTJoTJ rou Kuttpiaicou», (43)

nAPEN8ELH 2

To ALIlOVL Tile; AIlIlOXWOTOU ESEWPEiTO novrore ana TOUe; BpETOVOUe; we; TO KOAUTEpO LOOVLKO ALIlOVL Tile; nEpLoxi)e; YLO vcunxn ~OOll OAAO KQL YLO eurtopucn xpijOll. KQL aUTO XPOVOAOYEiTQL ana TO npWTO XPOVLO Tile; ~PETOVLKije; ncpouotoc OTO vnol, IlE onOTEAEollO OUK oAiYEe; IlEAETEe; KQL OU~llTijOELC; va EXOUV KOTOypOq>Ei YLO TO SElla. (TEAll TOU 190u QLWVO KQL OPXEe; TOU 200u). Arto Til OEKOETio TOU 1950 OL Bpercvot OEV ijSEAov IlE KOVEVO rporto TO ALIlOVL Tile; AIlIlOXWOTOU va OOSEL OTOUe; TOUpKOUe;. 'ETOL ~AEnouIlE rnv iOLO nOALTLKi) va OUVEXL~ETQL KQL IlE rnv TOUpKLKi) ELO~OAi) TOU 1974. H AIlIlOXWOTOe; KOTOKTijSllKE ana TOUe; TOUpKOUe; OAAO nepLEpywe; OEV EXEL OKOIlO, OAOKAllPll KOTOLKllSEL KQL EKTOTE 11 EnLOTPOq>i) Tile; TLSETQL we; OVTOAAOYIlO YLO AUOll KTA.

bouo i)TOV OL AOYOL nou 11 AIlIlOXWOTOe; OEV EnETpOnllKE va KOTOLKllSEi ana TOUe; TOUpKOUe;.

99

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