6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

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Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2010
GCE
GCE Biology (6BI01/01)
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

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Summer 2010
Publications Code US023567
All the material in this publication is copyright
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General Marking Guidance
• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be

rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme

should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.
Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order
to make the meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
• organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above
abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC)
in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
6BI01_01
1006
GENERAL INFORMATION
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point
Indicates that credit should be given for other correct
eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
Standardisation meeting
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives
/ oblique
to each other
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives
{} curly brackets (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid
confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of
() round brackets
the marking point but are not required to award the point
Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance
[] square brackets
for examiners
[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error
Crossed out work
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If
the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or
part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
Spelling and clarity
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not
subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the
question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the
essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
• the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous
e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not
e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not
e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not
e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not
• candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
• a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer
gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored
6BI01_01
1006
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a) A;
(1)

Number
1(b) C;
(1)

Number
1(c) C;
(1)

Number
1(d) D;
(1)

Number
1(e) D;
(1)

Number
1(f) C;
(1)

Number
1(g) A;
(1)
Number
2(a) 1. atria / atrium;
2. aorta ;
3. left ;
4. artery ;
5. vena cava ; (5)

Number
2 (b)
1. diastole / atrial systole ;
2. the {atrioventricular / bicuspid / tricuspid}

valves are open / semi-lunar valves are
closed ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
3(a)(i)
1. phospholipids ;
2. phosphate (head) ;
3. (two) fatty acid (tails) ;
4. reference to location of glycerol ;

max
5. correct reference to ester bonds ; (3)

Number
3(a)(ii)
1. reference to {hydrophilic / polar / charged}
part ;
2. reference to {hydrophobic / non polar /

uncharged} part ;
3. reference to orientation of molecule in

relation to water;
4. idea that aqueous environment is {on two

sides / cytoplasm and {environment / tissue max
fluid / eq}} ; (3)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
3(b)
Active transport:
1. idea that molecule {binds / fits into} {protein

/ carriers} ;
2. idea that {protein / carrier} changes shape ;
3. (molecules move) against a concentration

gradient / eq ;
4. reference to use of {ATP / energy} ;
[Submax 2 marks]
Facilitated diffusion:
5. reference to proteins as {channels / gates /

pores / carriers} ;
6. idea that {channels can open or close /

carriers change shape} ;
7. for {large / polar / charged} molecules (to

pass through membrane) ;
8. (molecules move) down a concentration max

gradient / eq ; (3)
[Submax 2 marks]
6BI01_01
1006
Number
3(c)(i)
1. idea that both types of protein in fused cell
in correct context ;
2. idea that the proteins are {intermingled /

mixed / eq} ;
max
3. same original number of protein / eq ; (2)

Number
3(c)(ii)
1. idea that {phospholipids / molecule A} allow
{fluidity / movement/ eq} ;
2. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allow

membranes to fuse;
3. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allows max

protein to {move / intermingle / eq} ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
4(a)(i)
1. idea that frequent cocaine use results in
{higher / an increase in / eq } levels in both
blood components (compared to occasional
use) ;
2. correct manipulation of figures to

approximate the increase in levels of one of
the blood components ;
3. frequent use increases fibrinogen beyond

normal range / eq ;
4. idea that the levels of both the blood

components are within the range for normal max
levels in occasional users ; (3)

Number
4(a)(ii) Any one of the following ideas
1. the levels are given as a {range / not one

level / blood components within normal level
range}
2. no indication of data analysis e.g. spread of

data, statistics
3. no indication of number in {samples / study /

eq}
4. no indication of other variables / named max

variable / eq ; (1)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
4(b) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics)
must be correct and the answer must be organised in
a logical sequence)
1. idea that von Willebrand factor results in

platelets sticking to {the endothelium /each
other} ;
2. reference to release of thromboplastin (from

platelets) ;
3. (as a result) the blood clotting process is

triggered / eq ;
4. credit one correct detail of clotting process ;
5. reference to more fibrinogen resulting in the

clot {being larger / growing faster } ;
6. reference to von Willebrand factor making

the platelets stickier ;
7. as a result of {platelet stickiness /platelets

sticking together} the {clot grows faster /
blood flow is decreased / eq} ;
8. If the blood is flowing slower then there is an max

increased chance of blood clotting / eq ; (4)

Number
4(c)
1. idea that a correlation is {a relationship
between two factors / when one factor
changes another factor changes} ;
2. fibrinogen increases with (cocaine) use / eq ;
3. heart attacks increase with cocaine use / eq ;
4. idea that increased fibrinogen levels have not

been shown to result in the increase in heart max
disease ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
*5(a) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics)
a logical sequence)
1. reference to CFTR {protein / channel} eq ;
2. reference to a different {amino acid /

sequence of amino acids / eq} (on defective
CFTR protein) ;
3. reference to change in protein ;
4. reference to role of protein in transporting

chloride ions ;
5. reference to (chloride) ions not {moving out

of cells / going into mucus} ;
6. reference to sodium ions moving in ;
7. water does not move out (of cells) / water

moves in (to cells) /eq ;
8. by osmosis / eq ;
9. mucus (on cell surface) {is not diluted /

becomes thicker / becomes stickier} / eq ;
10. (thickened mucus) cannot be moved by {cilia max

/ coughing} ; (5)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
5(b)(i)
1. idea that mucus {traps / eq} {bacteria /
pathogens} ;
2. idea that {bacteria / mucus containing the

bacteria} cannot be removed (by cilia);
3. idea that mucus provides conditions for

bacteria to {live / grow / develop / eq} ;
4. reference to antibodies not being effective ;
5. reference to trauma caused by coughing ;
6. idea that resident {phagocytes / max

macrophages} cannot destroy bacteria ; (2)

Number
5(b)(ii)
1. {increase / eq} with age ;
2. (increases) {from 0 to 25 / up to 25} ;
3. {constant /eq} 25 to 35 ;
4. {decreases / eq} 35 to 45 ;
max
5. credit correct manipulation of figures ; (3)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
5(b)(iii)
1. Overall increase in P and decrease in S ;
2. At 0 more S than P / between 0 and 7 years S

is greater than P ;
3. After 7 years P is greater than S ;
4. S starts to decrease at year 15 but P

{decreases at 35 years / continues to
increase} ;
5. Maximum P is greater than maximum S ;
6. S {stays constant / is at its highest} between

10 and 15 years but P {stays constant / is at max
its highest} between 25 and 35 years ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
6(a)
1. reference to {enzymes / biological catalysts}
reducing activation energy / eq ;
Biological catalyst
2. produced by {organisms /cells};
3. speeds up (rate of) {reactions / processes} /

eq ;
Activation energy
4. energy needed for a reaction to occur / eq ;
5. By causing bonds to {break / weaken / form} max

/ by increasing the number of collisions / eq ; (4)

Number
6(b)
1. idea that there should be enough substrate
molecules to saturate the enzyme ;
2. (to ensure that) substrate is not a limiting

factor/ eq ;
3. {fastest / highest} rate / decreases after

initial rate / eq ;
4. as reaction proceeds substrate concentration

decreases / eq ;
5. as substrate gets used up {by enzyme / in

reaction / eq } ;
6. substrate concentration should be constant max

(in each test) / eq ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
6(c) Any two pairs
pH ;
buffer ;
temperature ;
water bath ; not room temperature
time of reaction ;
stopwatch ;
volume of {enzyme / substrate} ; not amount

measuring cylinder / pipette ;
type of enzyme ;
same batch of enzyme ; (4)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
7(a)(i) Any two from:
genetic, diet qualified, increasing age, male,

high blood pressure, smoking, {inactivity / lack of
exercise / eq} ; (1)

Number
7(a)(ii)
1. idea that it makes the {results / data / study}
{representative / reliable} ;
2. idea that there are {many potential risk

factors / large variation between individuals};
max
3. idea that side effects more likely to show up ; (2)

Number
7(b) same treatment method as for drug S
e.g. solvent used for drug S / saline / water / sugar
tablet / empty capsule / eq ; (1)

Number
7(c) idea that {CVD is not an immediate disease / side
effects may take time to become apparent / need to
see if drug works over a long time} ; (1)

Number
7(d)
1. the number of {deaths / all events / eq} is
{similar to / no higher than / less than}
placebo group ;
2. Credit correct manipulation of figures ; (2)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
7(e)(i)
1. correct values selected (8.7 and 11.8) ;
2. correct subtraction (11.8 – 8.7 = 3.1);
3. correct multiplication by 10 000 ÷ 100 ; (3)
[Consequential errors apply]

Number
7(e)(ii)
it has been shown to reduce {CVD / stroke} / eq ; (1)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
8(a)
1. tumour has {decreased in size / grown less /
eq} ;
2. decrease in size quantified ;
3. rats survive longer / eq ;
4. idea that {more rats survive / higher survival

rate / lower death rate} ;
max
5. 80% ; (3)

Number
8(b)(i)
1. reference to (virus acting as a) vector ;
2. idea that virus is used to get the {gene / DNA}

into the cells ; (2)

Number
8(b)(ii)
reference to {neurones in spinal cord / endorphins
being made in spinal cord / spinal cord connects to
brain / eq} ; (1)

Number
8(b)(iii)
idea that endorphins have pain-reducing properties /
more {endorphins / endorphins secreting cells}
produced ; (1)
6BI01_01
1006
Number
8(b)(iv)
1. {little change / eq} in control but treated rats
{rise and fall / eq} ;
2. in first {2 weeks / ½ month} level of

tolerance is {(almost) the same in both groups
slightly higher in control group} / eq ;
3. after the first 2 weeks the level of tolerance

is higher in the rats given gene therapy / eq ;
4. between 2 weeks and 2 months there is an

increase in tolerance in rats given gene
therapy but control group {remains the same
/ drops (slightly)} / eq ;
5. ref to decrease in tolerance in group given

gene therapy {in last month / after two
months} and (slight) increase in control group
;
6. credit correct comparative manipulation of max

figures ; (3)
6BI01_01
1006
Further copies of this publication are available from
Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN
Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
Order Code US023567 Summer 2010
For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH
6BI01_01
1006
June 2010
GCE

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and
throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including
academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.
helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010

for omissions.




limited.


appropriate.
abilities.
GENERAL INFORMATION

/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
Number
1 (a) (i)
1. alleles ;
2. loci / locations / positions / eq ; (2)

Number
1 (a) (ii)
1. 174 (cm) ;
2. 172 (cm) ; (2)

Number
1 (b) (i)
1. {genotype / eq} ;
2. {environment / eq} ; (2)

Number
1 (b) (ii)
C;
A;
B; (3)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
*2(a) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics)
a logical sequence)
1. undifferentiated cell / eq ;
2. that can give rise to other {types of cell / eq };
3. idea that no limit to division ;

max
4. correct reference to {totipotent / pluripotent (2)
/eq} ;

Number
2(b)
1. cord blood /umbilical cord / placenta ;
2. {fertilised egg / zygote / eq} / blastocyst / (early)

embryo ;
3. detail of site within blastocyst
4. bone marrow / eq ;
5. {brain / connective / skin / liver} cells / eq ;

max
6. addition of adult nucleus to enucleated egg cell ; (3)

Number
2(c)(i)
1. decide on max age of embryo allowed for
research / eq ;
2. idea of setting or considering {ethical / legal}

aspects / judging what is acceptable / follow a
code of practice ;
3. example of what {is / is not} acceptable ;
4. checking that source of stem cells is acceptable /

eq ;
5. stopping of cloning (of humans) / eq ;

max
6. appropriate reference to unnecessary repeating of (2)
research / eq ;
6BI02_01
1006
Number
2 (c)(ii) people involved in embryo research:
1. idea of being able to (fully) understand the

science / recognise what is possible {benefits
/ risks / eq} / judge in an informed manner ;
people not involved in embryo research:
2. idea of giving a {balanced /alternative /

wider / named} view ; (2)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
3 (a)(i) C;
(1)

Number
3 (a)(ii) B;
(1)

Number
3 (a)(iii) far right-hand box ;
(1)

Number
3 (a)(iv) Bacteria / Eubacteria / Archaebacteria / Archaea ;
(1)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
*3(b)(i) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct
and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence)
1. cellulose ;
2. as microfibrils ;
3. (cellulose molecules) held together by hydrogen

bonds / eq
4. detail of microfibril (e.g. {bundle /correct

stated number of}) cellulose molecules) ;;
5. correct reference to arrangement of

microfibrils (in primary cell wall) ;
6. reference to {matrix / hemicelluloses /

pectins / eq} ;
7. reference to primary and secondary cell walls

;
8. detail of different laying down arrangement max

(in secondary cell wall) /reference to lignin ; (4)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
3 (b)(ii)
Feature described Name of feature
site where there was no cell plasmodesmata /

wall and the cytoplasm plasmodesma ;
linked the two adjacent
cells
dark line that is the middle lamella ;

boundary between one cell
and the next cell
(2)
6BI02_01
1006
Answer Mark
Question
Number
4 (a)
a A
b B
D d
e E
(1)

Number
4 (b) (i) P = crista ;
Q = matrix ;
R = outer (mitochondrial) membrane / envelope /
double membrane ;
(3)

Number
4 (b)(ii)
1. (they carry out) (aerobic) respiration ;
2. provide {ATP / energy / eq} ;
3. to {move / drive the / eq} {flagellum / tail} ;
4. allows sperm to swim / eq ;
5. towards the {egg / eq} / {towards /along} the max

oviduct / eq ; (3)

Number
4 (c)(i)
0.065 (%) ;; (2)

Number
4 (c)(ii) 16 ;
(1)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
5 (a)(i) {α/ alpha} glucose ;
(1)

Number
*5(a)(ii)QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct
sequence)
1. made up of {many / eq} glucose (monomers) ;

2. reference to {energy / eq } storage / glucose
is the respiratory substrate / synthesis of
organic molecules / eq ;
3. idea that it is {large / eq} ;

4. so is un-reactive / insoluble /no osmotic
effect ;
5. molecule coiling / compact / reference to

amylose /eq ;
6. more can be stored (in available space) / eq ;
7. reference to branches / reference to

(glycosidic) 1-6 bonds / amylopectin ; max
8. {rapid / increased / eq } mobilisation of (4)
glucose units / eq ;

Number
5 (b)(i) Allow converse
1. increase in temperature {decreases / eq }

(the mean percentage of amylose present)/
negative correlation ;
2. but by differing percentages in all 3 varieties

/ C, then A & then B ;
3. credit correct manipulation of the data for 1

variety (e.g. by 4.0 % in variety A / 1.5% in max
variety B / 5% in variety C) eq ; (2)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
5 (b)(ii)
1. (variety) B ;
2. idea of smallest difference between (means /

amylose content) in B for the two different
temp regimes ;
3. idea of {biggest error bars / widest spread} ;
4. idea that error bars for the 2 different temp

regimes overlap ;
5. explanation of overlap e.g. some of the data

for the lower temp falls within that of the max
higher temp ; (3)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
6(a) Niche:
1. the {role / function / eq} (of a species /
organism) ;
2. {within the community / ecosystem /habitat

/ environment / eq } ;
Species richness:
3. number of (different) species ;
max
4. in a {habitat / eq } / at any one time ; (3)

Number
*6 (b)(i)QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct
sequence)
1. (cheetah has) {lowest genetic diversity / least

genetic variation } (of the listed cats) ;
2. correct reference to lack of adaptation /

example / no selective advantage (when
environment changes) ;
3. (therefore) less likely to survive / eq ;
4. (therefore) more at risk of {extinction / eq} ; max

(3)

Number
6 (b)(ii)
1. {greater / eq} genetic diversity (amongst the
litter) / eq ;
2. greater chance that will {survive / eq} ;
3. increased chance of fertilisation / pregnancy

/ eq ;
4. increase in population size / eq ; max

(2)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
6 (c)
1. increases genetic diversity /eq ;
2. (because it) allows {outbreeding / mating /

eq} with (genetically) different individuals /
eq ;
3. stop/reduces {inbreeding / mating with

parents / siblings} ;
max
4. (which) reduces genetic diversity / eq ; (2)

Number
6 (d) cheetahs that are exclusive to one continent ;
(1)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
7 (a)(i)
1. line drawn correctly e.g. from pollen grain,
down style to start of ovary ;
2. to micropyle (around the edge) ; (2)

Number
7 (a) (ii)
Labelled Tick (9) if chromosome number

structure increases at fertilisation
D
9
E
9
(2)
Comments given if more than 2 ticks and if use cross
or crosses and ticks
6BI02_01
1006
Number
7 (b)(i)
1. both {increase / positive correlation / eq} ;
2. (pollen tube) length (always) {greater/ eq}

when boron present / eq ;
3. idea of rate of growth greater with boron ;
4. linear without boron (for 25 / 30 hours) and

not linear with boron / eq ;
max
5. correct comparative manipulation of the data (3)
;

Number
7 (b)(ii) idea that pollen tube does grow even in the absence
of boron ; (1)

Number
7 (b)(iii) boron {increases / speeds up / eq} rate ;
(1)

Number
7 (b)(iv)
1. more likely to reach the ovule /eq ;
2. fertilisation more likely to occur /eq ;

max
3. idea of fertilisation in shorter time period ; (2)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
8 (a)(i) 1. (increasing or doubling nitrate ion
concentration) decreased mitosis / negative
correlation / eq ;
2. manipulation of the data (e.g. by 6 cells (per

500 cells) / reduces by 24%) ; (2)

Number
8 (a)(ii)
1. only two concentrations were used /
additional nitrate ion concentrations should
be used ;
2. no {trend / eq} (as only 2 data sets) ;
3. If one of the two sets of data was {anomalous

/ eq} ;
4. reference to one with no nitrate ions present max

; (2)

Number
8 (a)(iii) Two appropriate safety risks given ; ;
One appropriate precaution, linked to one of the

risks above ; (3)
6BI02_01
1006
Number
8 (b)
1. 3 + / sensible range of nitrate ion
concentrations ;
2. reference to repeats (at each concentration)

;
3. reference to uniformity of seedlings (e.g. all

from same parent plant, same age, same
original root length) ;
4. idea that solution used should contain other

mineral ions / named mineral ions ;
5. mention one other variable maintained / kept

constant (e.g. temp, all run for same length
of time, light intensity, volume of mineral
solution) ;
6. reference to mechanism of judging root

{growth /eq} (to measure optimum nitrate max
concentration) ; (3)
6BI02_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481

6BI02_01
1006
June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010

for omissions.




limited.


appropriate.
abilities.
6BI07_01
1006
GENERAL INFORMATION

/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
6BI07_01
1006
Number
1(a)(i)
1. temperature ;
2. 55 oC ;
3. pH ;
4. >7-14 ;
5. size of film / thickness of gelatine ;

6. appropriate reference to linear dimension /
area / no greater than 5 x 5 (cm) / not >
2mm (thickness) ;
7. volume of enzymes /eq ; max

8. >=5<100 ml ; (4)

Number
1(a)(ii)
Allow appropriate reference to risk and method of
reduction.
1. respiration / breathing problems / eq ;

2. use coated enzymes / eq / wear mask ;
3. possible skin reaction to enzyme /eq ;

4. wear gloves / wash with copious water /
wash bench down / dry up spills ;
5. getting enzyme into blood through cut ;

6. wear plaster / gloves ;
7. high level of alkali damages skin / eyes ;

8. gloves / goggles as appropriate ;
9. reference to enzyme damage to eyes ; max

10. wear goggles / eq ; (4)

Number
1(b)(i)
236 ; (1)
Number
1(b)(ii)
1. axes correct (x-[Savinase], y- 1 ÷ time*1000) ;
2. axes labelled with units for x axis ;
3. correct plotting (7 points including origin) ;
4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points drawn

with straight edge ; (4)

Number
1(b)(iii)
1. as concentration goes up , rate (accept in this
case (ecf) / 1 ÷ (mean) time *1000, goes up) /
eq ;
2. ref to increase in number of active sites / eq

;
3. above 2% concentration (or their graphs

suggestion (ecf) of E, higher concentrations,
have no effect on rate / reaches plateau at
2% (or suitable from their graph) ;
max
4. substrate concentration limiting / eq ; (3)

Number
1(b)(iv)
1. reference to wide range / variability of data ;
2. greater reliability for data at {1% / 4% / 5%} /

eq ;
3. reference to more data needed for 1.5% to

allow better assessment of reliability ;
max
4. reference to outliers / anomalies ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
1(b)(v)
1. reference to (idea of) best concentration
to use (ignore value) ;
2. reference to no improvement above this

concentration ;
3. enzyme costs money ;
4. reference to reduced cost effectiveness at max

higher concentrations ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(a)(i)
title should refer to columns 1 and 2 ; (1)

Number
2(a)(ii)
1. check for any bias of sponsor (e.g. funding
source) ;
2. check for credentials of contributor ;
3. reference to cross check with another source

;
max
4. reference to evidence of peer reviewing ; (2)

Number
2(a)(iii)
1. no does not / eq ;
2. (because) numbers generally rise over

time / eq ;
3. (but) numbers do rise (much) in 1990s /

fall 1994 to 1996 ; (3)

Number
2(b)(i)
No mark for type of visual chosen
1. any diagram which depicts (roughly) correct

proportions ;
2. bar or histogram should have axes labelled /

pie chart needs title and percentages in the
segments ;
3. pie has key to what segments are or directly

labelled; bar / histogram has key or bars max
labelled on axis ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(b)(ii)
1. yes they would ;
2. as they think habitat loss is considered most

important reason for species loss ;
3. (lines 30-39) discuss (better) spending of money

on this ;
4. majority would NOT agree with points made in

these lines about hunting (accept converse max
answer) ; (3)

Number
2(c)
1. need to add IUCN red list reference to book /
website / address / url ; ®just IUCN
2. date, 1996 ;
3. Wikipedia article url / address / title of

article ; ® just Wikipedia
4. date site visites ;
5. IUCN leaflet ; ® just IUCN

6. date 2008 ;
7. reference to title of newspaper / journal with

household questionnaire ;
8. some detail included, date, institution(s), max
author(s) ; (4)

Number
2(d)(i)
1. Economic ;
2. about possible uses of money in conservation

of different types / eq ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(d)(ii)
(Cannot have same ref. as (d)(i))
First mark for implication and line reference

Next two marks for reasons
e.g.
1. ethical, lines 47-48 ;

2. ethics of keeping animals in zoos ;
3. cage environment ;
4. ethical, lines 38-39 ;

5. ethics of hunting animals ;
6. (wrong if) for ornaments, dubious
medications, trophies etc / might lead to
extinction ;
7. social, lines 49-54 ;

8. part of this (social) is education ;
9. teaching, awareness ;
10. environmental, lines 30-31 ;

11. correct reference to appropriate habitat ; max
12. as only place organisms can properly exist ; (3)
6BI07_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481

6BI07_01
1006
June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
Publications Code UA023560

© Edexcel Ltd 2010
for omissions.
limited.

appropriate.
abilities.
6BI04_01
1006
GENERAL INFORMATION

/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
6BI04_01
1006
Number
1(a) cross next to degree of muscle concentration ;
(2)
cross next to signs of decomposition ;

Number
1(b)
1. idea of SD {measures / shows} {spread /
range / eq} of data ;
2. Idea of most readings are within {+ 1 x SD /

+ 2 x SD} e.g. approx 60% readings within
(+ )1 x SD / approx 90% readings within (+) 2 x
SD ;
3. idea that as length of time increases, SD

increase / eq ;
4. idea of more variability (in temperature) as

time increases / eq ;
5. comment on change in reliability of time of

death with time / eq ;
6. estimate (of time of death) can only be

within a {4 / 5 / 6 / 7} hour period ; max
(4)
7. use of manipulated data ;

Number
1(c) three from the following:
{(body) mass/ BMI / weight / eq}

{(subcutaneous) fat /eq}
surface area,
{ambient / eq } temperature
immersion in water
age (of person at death)
skin colour
thickness of hair
gender
clothing
blood loss
humidity
air movement
{core / body} temperature at time of death ;;; (3)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
2(a)
1. idea of reflection ;
2. reference. to {incorrect / eq } {wavelength /

colour / frequency} ;
3. idea of {not hitting the {chloroplast /

chlorophyll}} / it is transmitted ;
max
4. idea of light being in excess e.g. at max. (2)
photosynthesis so more light can be used ;

Number
2(b)(i) {joules / energy} per {square metre / metre squared
/(unit) area} per {year / unit time} ;
(1)

Number
2(b)(ii) Award 2 marks for correct answer (84.8 / 84.84)
1. correct subtraction (24.4 – 3.7 / 20.7) ;
2. correct multiplication by 100 ÷ 24.4 ;

(2)
[consequential errors apply]

Number
2(b)(iii) B;
(1)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
2(c) [QWC] (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics)
a logical sequence)
1. reference to {thylakoids / thylakoid

(membranes)} ;
2. in {granum / grana} ;
3. (light energy) raises energy level of electrons

/ {chlorophyll / electrons}excited / eq ;
4. electrons released from {chlorophyll

/photosystem / eq} / eq ;
5. reference to electron {carrier / eq} ;
6. reference to series of {redox / oxidation &

reduction / eq} reactions ;
7. reference to energy level of electrons {falls /

eq} ;
8. reference to {synthesise ATP from ADP +P /

phosphorylate ADP} ;
9. reference to photophosphorylation ;
10. reference to ATP {synthetase / synthase /

ase} ;
11. reference to {chemiosmosis / eq} ;
12. idea of electrons from {photolysis / eq} used

to replace those lost ;
13. reference to involvement of {accessory max

pigments / named example} ; (6)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
3(a)(i) C;
(1)

Number
3(a)(ii) C;
(1)

Number
3(b)(i) temperature ;
(1)

Number
3(b)(ii)
1. rate of growth increases as temperature
increases {between 13oC and 22oC / up to
22oC} ;
2. rate of growth decreases {between 22oC and

25oC / above 22oC} ;
3. use of manipulated data to support above

e.g. increases by {0.7 (a.u.) / 4.5 times},
decreases by 0.1 (a.u.) ;
4. reference to enzymes involved (in growth) ;
5. molecules {move about more / have more

kinetic energy}, as temperature increases ;
6. (therefore) {enzyme and substrate

(molecules) collide more / rate of enzyme-
substrate complexes formation increases} as
temperature increases ;
7. correct reference to denaturation of some

{enzyme / protein / eq} (molecules) ;
8. (therefore) rate of {growth / reactions}

decreases as fewer enzyme molecules max
available ; (4)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
3(b)(iii)
1. idea that (each temperature) has same light
intensity ;
2. correct reference to must be above

{threshold / compensation point} ;
3. (below which) no net photosynthesis takes

place / eq ;
4. reference to {so light is not limiting factor /

so temperature is the limiting factor};
max
5. photosynthesis produces {material / eq} (3)
needed for growth / eq ;

Number
3(b)(iv)
1. {wavelength / colour / frequency} of light ;
2. CO2 concentration / eq ;
3. pH / eq (of solution) ;
max
4. reference to {mineral / eq} ; (2)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
4(a)(i) C;
(1)

Number
4(a)(ii) A;
(1)

Number
4(b)(i)
D = antigens / (glyco)proteins ;
E = B {lymphocytes / cells} / plasma cells ;
F = antibodies / immunoglobulins ;
G = macrophage / phagocyte / eq ;
H = enzymes / lysozyme ; (5)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
4(b)(ii)
1. reference to protein nature of {antigens /
antibodies} ;
2. antigens are specific (to each bacteria) / eq ;
3. antibodies need to be {complementary /

specific} (to the antigen) ;
4. idea that {binding / eq} can take place ;
5. (some bacteria) have {different / changed}

antigens / eq ;
6. idea that this is a primary infection ;
7. reference to {mucus / slime} {coat /capsule}

(of bacterial cells) ;
8. idea that some bacteria are inside body cells

;
9. idea of antibodies already present e.g. from max

passive immunity or breast feeding ; (3)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
5(a)
Description DNA RNA Both DNA
only only and RNA
Polymer formed
from a single strand 9
of nucleotides
Pentose present in
the nucleotides 9
Adenine, cytosine,
guanine and 9
thymine present
Nucleotides linked
by phosphodiester 9
bonds
all rows correct 2 marks

two or three rows correct 1 mark
(2)

Number
5(b)(i)
1. DNA strands {separate / unzip / eq} ;
2. idea that one DNA {strand / eq} used as

template (to form mRNA) / eq ;
3. from free nucleotides / eq ;
4. reference to complementary base pairing ;
5. reference to hydrogen bonding ;
6. correct reference to {RNA-polymerase / DNA

helicase} ;
7. credit correct sequence of bases on {mRNA / max

DNA} ; (3)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
5(b)(ii)
1. reference to specific amino acid attachment

to tRNA ;
2. idea that anticodon (on tRNA) {attaches /

binds / lines up / eq} to the {codon / triplet}
on mRNA ;
3. example quoted using the information in the

diagram e.g. tRNA with alanine has CGA
anticodon which binds to GCU on mRNA ;
4. idea that two tRNA held in ribosome (at any

one time) ;
5. reference to formation of peptide {bonds /

links} (between adjacent amino acids) ;
max
6. reference to peptidyl transferase ; (3)

Number
5(c)
1. stop codon ;
2. used to end the {sequencing / further

attachment of tRNA / eq} ;
3. release of the {polypeptide / ribosome} /eq ; max

(2)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
6(a)
1. idea that individuals of a species can
{interbreed / eq} ;
2. to produce fertile {offspring / eq} ;
3. the {hybrids / offspring} can flower and max

produce viable seeds / eq ; (3)

Number
6(b)(i)
1. {variety / eq} of alleles ;
2. in a gene pool / eq ; (2)

Number
6(b)(ii)
1. different alleles in each of the two
{populations / eq} ;
2. each {population / species} is adapted to live

{in different environmental conditions / at
different altitudes / eq} ;
3. there will have been different mutations in

each population ;
4. reference to alleles from different {species

/eq } will mix / hybrids receive alleles from max
both { species / eq} ; (2)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
*6(c) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct

sequence)
1. reference to original population increasing in

size and spreading into a wider diversity of
{habitats / eq} ;
2. reference to mutations ;
3. leading to diversity in flowering times / eq ;
4. (and) other plant features / eq ;
5. reference to reproductive isolation ;
6. restriction in gene flow / eq ;
7. between extremes of population / eq ;
8. reference to different environmental factors in

each region ;
9. each region has different selection pressures

/ eq ;
10. idea of plants adapted to a region ;
11. reference to survival and breeding ;
12. reference to change in allele frequencies

(over time) ;
max
13. (leads to) differences between gene pools / (6)
eq ;
6BI04_01
1006
Number
7(a)
1. reference to {carbon / organic / eq}
compounds in plant material ;
2. idea that digestion provides respiratory

substrates ;
3. carbon dioxide released (from respiration) ;
4. (this carbon dioxide is) available for

photosynthesis ; max
(3)
5. reference to woodlice {eaten / decompose} ;

Number
7(b)(i) A;
(1)

Number
7(b)(ii)
1. {wavelength / colour / frequency} of light ;
2. light intensity / shading ;
3. temperature ;
4. moisture content of {air / substratum / eq} /

humidity ;
5. {pH / chemical composition / eq} of

{substratum / eq} ;
6. air currents / wind / eq ;
7. texture of substratum / eq ;
max
8. reference to {oxygen / carbon / methane} ; (2)

Number
7(c)(i)
8 3
9 1
10 1
All three answers correct to 1 significant figure ; (1)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
7(c)(ii)
1. woodlice move about / eq ;
2. (therefore) difficult to count / eq ;
3. some might be {counted more than once / max

missed out} / eq ; (2)

Number
7(c)(iii)
1. for results to be (scientifically) valid ;
2. only one factor needs to be varied / eq ;
3. other factors need to be kept constant / eq ;
4. reference to {many / biotic / eq} factors (in a

garden) ;
5. (these factors are) {difficult to control / eq} ;
6. reference to difficult to set test factor values max

; (3)
6BI04_01
1006
Number
8(a)
Description Name of P, E or B
structure
Enclosed by Mitochondrion / E / eukaryotic
outer smooth mitochondria
membrane
inner membrane
folded forming
cristae
Long strand-like Flagellum / B / both
structure flagella
extending out
from the cell
Used for
locomotion
Small, circular plasmid P / prokaryotic
loop of double-
stranded DNA (3)
1 mark for any two correct cells ;;;

Number
8(b)(i) bactericidal ;
(1)

Number
8(b)(ii)
1. cell wall {weaker /cannot form properly / eq}
;
2. {cell / cell wall} bursts (easily) / eq ; max

(2)
3. during division /eq ;
6BI04_01
1006
Number
8(b)(iii)
1. reference to antibiotic acting as selective
pressure ;
2. reference to some bacteria resistant (to

antibiotic) ;
3. idea that resistant bacteria survive and

{reproduce / pass on resistance / pass on
gene / eq};
4. idea that antibiotic no longer effective ;

max
5. reference to some infections cannot be (2)
treated with antibiotics ;
6BI04_01
1006
Number
8(c)
1. idea of bacteria distributed evenly /
description of technique e.g. lawn spreading ;
2. description of method used to apply different

antibiotics at known positions e.g. multidisks,
wells in agar ;
3. reference to control of antibiotic

concentration ;
4. reference to {sterile / aseptic} technique ;
5. reference to incubation at a suitable

temperature ;
6. description of how effect is assessed e.g.

measure {clear area / inhibition zone / eq} ;
7. reference to replication (with same

bacterium) ;
max
8. reference to repetition with different (4)
bacteria ;
6BI04_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481
Order Code UA023560 Summer 2010

6BI04_01
1006
June 2010
GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010
for omissions.
limited.

appropriate.
abilities.
6BI05_01
1006
GENERAL INFORMATION

/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
6BI05_01
1006
Question Correct Answer Mark
Number
1(a)
1. nature of abnormality e.g. bleeding, ref. to density ;
2. {location / eq} of abnormality ;
3. {extent / size/ eq} of abnormality ;

max
4. likely problems e.g. accessibility for surgery ; (2)

Number
1(b)
1. (found in) different {regions / eq} of brain / eq ;
2. the right hand brain has {more / two/ eq}

abnormalities ;
3. different areas of brain have different functions / eq ;
4. {symptoms / eq} depend on region of brain affected /

eq ;
5. idea of different types of abnormality can cause max

different symptoms ; (2)

Number
1(c)
1. detects level of oxygenation of the blood /measures
changes in blood flow within brain / eq ;
2. {increased flow / more oxygen / eq} suggests increased

activity / eq ;
max
3. study brain activity related to {stimuli / tasks / eq} ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
1(d)
W X Y Z
Regulating core temperature 7 ;
Climbing stairs 7 ;
Regulating carbon dioxide in the 7 ;

blood
Choosing a gift 7 ; (4)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
2(a)
1. depolarisation of adjacent {membrane / eq} / eq ;
2. changes PD across membrane / eq ;
3. opens sodium {gates / eq} ;

max
4. sodium ions move into (the neurone) ; (2)

Number
2(b)
Position on Permeable to Permeable

diagram sodium ions to potassium
ions
A 7 ;
D 7 ;
(2)

Number
2(c)
1. correct {reference to / description of} diffusion
gradient (of potassium ions) ;
2. correct {reference to / description of} electrochemical

gradient ;
3. increased permeability (of membrane) to potassium

ions / eq ;
4. reference to potassium {gates / eq} open / eq ; max

(3)
5. reference to sodium {gates / eq} closed / eq ;
6BI05_01
1006
Number
2(d)
1. PD less negative / eq
2. idea that the membrane remains permeable to

potassium ions ;
3. potassium ions {move because of charge difference /

eq} ;
4. into {nerve cell / neurone / axon / eq} ;
5. idea that potassium ion is removing a positive charge

(from the outside) ;
6. idea that equilibrium is established e.g. diffusion max

gradient balanced by potential difference ; (3)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
3(a)
1. carbon dioxide produced in respiration / eq ;
2. affects {volume / pressure} of gas / eq ;

max
3. allows measurement of oxygen used / eq ; (2)

Number
3(b)(i) Two marks for correct answer
0.8 (mm min-1) ;;
if incorrect allow one mark for correct working
1. 48 ; OR 1. 12 ;
2. ÷ 60 to give answer ; OR 2. ÷ 15 to give answer
(2)

Number
3(b)(ii)
1. no oxygen available/no oxygen uptake ;
2. reference to anaerobic respiration ;
3. carbon dioxide produced is absorbed / eq ;

max
4. no (net) change of {volume / pressure} of gas ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
3(b)(iii)
1. {mass / eq} of organism may differ ;
2. use same mass / express results per unit mass / eq ;
3. temperature changes / eq ;
4. control temperature using a water bath / eq ;
5. pressure may affect volume of gas / eq ;

6. use of control with no organisms, at the same time / eq max
; (4)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
4(a)
1. {initiates / eq} heartbeat / eq ;
2. (starts) wave of excitation / depolarisation ;

max
3. {determines / eq} heart rate ; (2)

Number
4(b)
1. {increased / eq} impulses to SAN / eq ;
2. (via) sympathetic {nervous system / eq } ;
3. stimulates more frequent depolarisation in SAN / eq ;

max
4. increases {heart rate / cardiac output} /eq ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
*4(c) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must
be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence)
1. changes {electrical activity / depolarisation} of heart /

eq ;
2. peak is reversed / eq ;
3. idea that peak is earlier than expected ;
4. no change in pressure in pulmonary artery ;
5. (because) little blood in ventricles ;
6. missed normal wave after E / longer gap before next

wave / eq ;
7. missed (effective) contraction after E ;
8. early depolarisation leaves ventricle insensitive ;
9. idea that the wave of depolarisation is prevented ; max

(5)
10. reference to refractory period / eq ;
6BI05_01
1006
Number
4(d)
1. idea that (absolutists) say drugs should not be used at
any time ;
2. should not allow athletes to be pressured into using

drugs ;
3. risk to health / eq ;
4. gain unfair advantage / eq ;
5. other harmful substances banned / eq ;
6. burden on care services / eq ;
7. idea that (relativists) say that drugs could be used

under some circumstances ;
8. idea that they could be used for medication ;
9. drugs (in the body) can be difficult to legislate for / max

eq ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
5(a) Mark for each correct row
Muscle contracted when
Muscle Holding steady Lifting upwards
Extensor
X
Flexor
X X
;;
(2)

Number
5(b) tendons ;
(1)

Number
5(c)
1. idea that muscles cannot extend themselves ;
2. need opposing muscle to extend / eq ;
3. antagonistic muscle allows control (of movement) / eq max

; (2)

Number
5(d)
1. all fibres same length and width as original ;
2. Z lines closer together ;
3. more overlap of actin and myosin ; (3)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
*5(e) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be
correct and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence)
1. reference to {vesicles / t-tubules / sarcoplasmic

reticulum} contain calcium ions ;
2. {binds / eq} to troponin ;
3. tropomyosin moves exposing binding sites / eq ;
4. for myosin /eq ;
5. needs ATP to remove calcium ions / eq ;
6. ATP provides energy for changing shape of myosin / eq

;
7. ATP is required to {break cross bridges / eq} ;

max
8. ATP for synthesis of neurotransmitter / eq ; (5)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
6(a) ATPase / ATP synthetase ;
(1)

Number
6(b)
1. (H+ ions) from reduced NAD / eq ;
2. H+ ions pumped into inter membrane space / eq ;
3. reference to energy needed (for pump) / eq ;
4. reference to movement of electrons along ETC /eq;

max
5. (ETC on) inner membrane / cristae; (3)

Number
6(c)
1. H+ ions follow diffusion gradient / eq ;
2. idea that this causes an energy change or makes

energy available ;
3. ATP is formed / eq ;
4. idea that this occurs on stalked particles ;

max
5. ATP is energy source for (biological processes) / eq ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
7(a)
1. idea that enzymes are proteins ;
2. reference to transcription ;
3. gene / eq ;
4. reference to mRNA ;
5. reference to translation (of mRNA) ;
6. reference to genetic code / eq ;
7. reference to {ribosome / polysomes} ;
8. reference to tRNA ;
max
9. idea that amino acids bonded / polypeptide produced ; (4)

Number
7(b)
1. adrenoceptors are {proteins / glycoproteins} ;
2. phospholipids can move in the membrane / eq ;
3. can be {added to / removed from / move around in}

{phospholipid bilayer / membrane} ;
4. adrenroceptors can interact with phospholipids e.g. max

{hydrophobic / hydrophilic} interactions ; (2)

Number
7(c)
1. {incomplete / insufficient} data / eq ;
2. different interpretations of data / eq ;
3. & 4. credit any two examples from the text

e.g. evidence from noradrenaline, electrical
stimulation, multifactorial problem, antidepressant max
drugs, pain killers, gender ;; (3)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
*7(d)(i) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be
correct and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence)
Drug therapy
1. idea that it affects the whole brain ;

2. idea that it is difficult to get dose right ;
DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation)

3. targets specific area of the brain / eq ;
4. relieves tremors /eq ;
5. has effects on {other areas of the brain / other cell
types} ;
6. has short term side effects e.g. laughing, crying ;
7. has long term side effects e.g. depression, mood
swings, suicidal tendencies ;
8. invasive procedure has risk / eq ;
Gene therapy
9. corrects chemical imbalance / eq ;
10. precise group of cells affected / eq ;
Light therapy
11. very precise effects / eq ;
12. requires genetic modification / eq ;
13. genes from different species / eq ;
General (Gene or light therapy) max

14. dangers of using virus as vector / eq ; (7)
15. ethical issues of genetic modification / eq ;
6BI05_01
1006
Number
7(d)(ii)
1. both caused by {lack / eq} of neurotransmitter ;
2. Parkinson’s {lack / eq} of dopamine ;

max
3. depression {lack / eq} of serotonin ; (2)

Number
7(e)
1. light affects pigments / eq ;
2. rhodopsin / iodopsin (in mammals) ;
3. (changes in pigment) result in action potentials /nerve

impulses / eq ;
4. pigments (in cones) respond to {specific / eq} max

wavelength / eq ; (3)

Number
7(f)
1. virus acts as a vector ;
2. reference to human cold virus ;
3. virus has specific surface proteins / eq ;
4. match surface{proteins / receptors / eq} of target cell

;
5. binding to surface protein promotes entry to cell / eq

;
6. idea that genes can be incorporated into {host DNA / max

eq} (3)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
7(g)
1. {causes / involved in / eq} inflammation / eq ;
2. vasodilation / eq ;
3. increased blood flow / eq ;
4. increased {permeability / leakage} of blood vessels ;
5. Oedema / swelling / eq ;
6. reference to temperature increase ;
7. reference to histamine / mast cells ;

max
8. idea that phagocytes / macrophages move to site ; (2)
6BI05_01
1006
Number
7(h)
1. representative sample / eq ;
2. (sufficiently) large sample / eq ;
3. double blind testing ;
4. reference to placebo ;
5. objective measurement of effects / eq ;
6. (collecting / analysing) separate data sets for males

and female / eq ;
7. other factors need to be {controlled / measured} e.g.

hormone levels in females, socioeconomic, nutrition ;
8. reference to other models e.g. animals, tissue culture

;
9. appropriate comment on safety issues e.g. toxicity ;
10. consideration of time e.g. between dose and max

observation, long term data ; (4)
6BI05_01
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GCE

helpful.
Summer 2010
© Edexcel Ltd 2010
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for omissions.




limited.


appropriate.
abilities.
6BI08_01
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GENERAL INFORMATION

/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
6BI08_01
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Number
1(a)(i) Factor
suitable factor stated e.g. temperature /age /

storage / duration / prior treatment with solvent /
pH / bile salts /eq ;
Hypothesis
hypothesis must be testable ; (2)

Number
1(a)(ii)
1. reference to effect on the permeability of
the membrane (of cell or vacuole) ;
2. reference to which part of the membrane

affected e.g. {phospholipids / proteins} ;
3. explanation of how membrane component

affected e.g.{ movement or solubility of
phospholipids / denaturation of protein} / eq
;
4. reference to {betalain / pigment / red

colour} leaking from the {cells / vacuoles} ;
5. suitable trend suggested for stated factor

e.g. increasing temperature has {no / little
effect} at low temperature but a greater max
effect at high temperature / increasing (3)
alcohol concentration increases permeability
;
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Number
1(b)(i)
1. {volume / mass / surface area} of beetroot
(cylinders) used / eq ;
2. {type / source / variety / eq} of beetroot

used;
3. age of beetroot / eq;
4. volume of water used / eq ;
5. time spent in {solution / water / tube / eq} ;
6. pH ; max
(2)
7. any other suitable variable ;

Number
1(b)(ii) Factor controlled
1. suitable control method described e.g.

temperature by using a water bath / eq ;
Description of effect
2. description of likely effect on the dependent

variable provided e.g increased temperature (2)
increases leakage of pigment / eq ;

Number
1(c)
1. reference to measuring colour of solution ;
2. appropriate method of reducing error

described e.g. use of suitable reference
{cuvette / solution} / reference to calibration
/ reference to suitable filter used / eq ; (2)
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Number
2(a)
there will be no significant difference in the number
of red blood cells in the blood of the athletes before
and after the mountain training / eq ; (1)

Number
2(b)
1. suitable table format ;
2. correct column headings with units ;
3. all differences calculated correctly ;
4. differences include suitable – sign for A and I ;
Number of red blood cells (x1012)per

dm3
Athlete before after Difference
mountain mountain
training training
A 5.0 4.9 -0.1
B 5.1 5.3 0.2
C 4.9 5.7 0.8
D 5.3 5.5 0.2
E 5.4 5.6 0.2
F 5.0 5.4 0.4
G 4.8 5.3 0.5
H 5.1 5.6 0.5
I 5.5 5.1 -0.4
(4)

Number
2(c)
1. athlete A / C / I ;
2. for {A / I} red blood cell count decreased

(after mountain training) / for C increase
greater than others / eq ; (2)
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Number
2(d)
1. {5.1 / 5.12} x1012 / eq ;
2. {5.4 / 5.38} x1012 / eq ;

(2)

Number
2(e)
A axes correct orientation and scale with units and
labels ;
F data plotted as bar chart ;
P bars plotted correctly ;
B range bar included ; (3)

Number
2(f)
1. the value of t is greater than {critical value /
2.12} / eq ;
2. at the 95% confidence level /reference to

probability 0.05 / significance {5% /0.05} / eq
;
3. therefore there is an increase in the number

of red blood cells (per dm3 of blood) in the
athletes after (2 weeks of mountain) training max
/ eq ; (3)
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Number
3(a)
1. reference to an appropriate sampling technique
e.g. need some form of systematic sampling to
provide a suitable range of distances seeds are
placed apart from each other ;
2. & 3 . credit any two appropriate safety issue e.g.

suitable reference to lack of danger,
consideration as to whether parsnip seeds are
poisonous, reference to dangerous animals,
washing hands ; ;
4. reference to an appropriate ethical issue

e.g. lack of ethical considerations in growing max
parsnip seedlings ; (3)

Number
3(b)
1. practice method / see if method will work / eq ;
2. check most suitable {conditions / seasons / eq}

for {growth/ germination} (of parsnip seeds) ;
3. select suitable timescale (for measuring

germination / growth rates) / eq ;
4. identify other variables that may need to be

taken into account / eq ;
5. reference to use same {source / variety} of

parsnip seeds ;
6. to determine appropriate dependent variable max

/ eq ; (4)
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Number
3 (c)
1. clear statement of dependent variable i.e.
exactly what is to be measured stated
(percentage / eq} of seeds germinated / mass of
{parsnips / eq) ;
2. measurement method described ;
3. clear statement of a suitable independent

variable e.g. sowing density ;
4. {distances apart / densities} for parsnip seeds

suggested ;
5. reference to consideration of source of the

parsnip seeds (to reduce variation) ;
6. suitable medium for germination of seeds

suggested (compost / moist cotton wool / plant
tissue culture / eq) ;
7. some clear consideration of time period over

which the seeds will be {measured / allowed to
germinate / eq} ;
8. identification of one other variable that could

affect growth / germination ;
9. description of how this variable can be controlled

;
10. identification of a second variable that could

affect growth / germination ;
11. description of how second variable can be

controlled ;
12. clear reference to need for repeats ;

(8) + (2) QWC
6BI08_01
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QWC award up to 2 marks
level Mark Descriptor
Level 1 0 The account is very disorganised and is very difficult to follow.

Scientific vocabulary is very limited with many spelling and
grammatical errors.
Level 2 1 There is some disorganisation in the account which is not

always in the correct sequence. Some relevant scientific
vocabulary is used. The account is not always in continuous
prose and there are grammatical errors and some important
spelling mistakes.
Level 3 2 The account is well organised with no undue repetition and a

correct sequence. There is good use of scientific vocabulary in
the context of the investigation described. The account is
written in continuous prose which is grammatically sound with
no major spelling errors.

Number
3(d)
1. clear table which matches method description
with headings and units ;
2. reference to means calculated from repeat data ;
3. graph format appropriate to data ;
4. statistical test appropriate to data e.g. use of

{Spearman’s Rank / eq} for correlation /
suitable test to compare numbers germinated
{t- test/ Mann-Whitney U test/ Chi – squared
/ eq} ;
max
5. statistical test justified /eq ; (4)
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Number
3(e)
1. difficult to control all factors (affecting yield) /
eq ;
2. impossible to control natural variation of seeds /

genetic factors / eq ;
3. timing of germination may be erratic / eq ;
4. measuring {germination / eq} does not necessarily

correspond to yield of crop / eq ;
5. {controlled / experimental / eq} conditions may

not represent natural growing conditions / eq ;
6. any other appropriate limitation ; max

(3)
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1006

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Mark Scheme (Results)

GCE Biology (6BI01/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link:

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

Quality of Written Communication

Symbol Meaning of symbol

Crossed out work

Spelling and clarity

Question Answer Mark

Question Answer Mark

Question Answer Mark

Question Answer Mark

Question Answer Mark

Question Answer Mark

2(a) 1. atria / atrium;

5. vena cava ; (5)

Question Answer Mark

2. the {atrioventricular / bicuspid / tricuspid}

3. (two) fatty acid (tails) ;

4. reference to location of glycerol ;

Question Answer Mark

2. reference to {hydrophobic / non polar /

3. reference to orientation of molecule in

4. idea that aqueous environment is {on two

1. idea that molecule {binds / fits into} {protein

2. idea that {protein / carrier} changes shape ;

3. (molecules move) against a concentration

4. reference to use of {ATP / energy} ;

5. reference to proteins as {channels / gates /

6. idea that {channels can open or close /

7. for {large / polar / charged} molecules (to

8. (molecules move) down a concentration max

2. idea that the proteins are {intermingled /

Question Answer Mark

2. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allow

3. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allows max

2. correct manipulation of figures to

3. frequent use increases fibrinogen beyond

4. idea that the levels of both the blood

Question Answer Mark

1. the levels are given as a {range / not one

2. no indication of data analysis e.g. spread of

3. no indication of number in {samples / study /

4. no indication of other variables / named max

1. idea that von Willebrand factor results in

2. reference to release of thromboplastin (from

3. (as a result) the blood clotting process is

4. credit one correct detail of clotting process ;

5. reference to more fibrinogen resulting in the

6. reference to von Willebrand factor making

7. as a result of {platelet stickiness /platelets

8. If the blood is flowing slower then there is an max

Question Answer Mark

2. fibrinogen increases with (cocaine) use / eq ;

3. heart attacks increase with cocaine use / eq ;