I

BEAgiI EROSTO}T A}TD ACCRETION AIOI.G A PART OF

THE WEST OOAST OF ]N}Ig.

br "K.P ,Thrivikra.nra j i
I iepartrnent of Seology
University of Kerala

.t

Ilnal Rcport Prepared Under Thc Auspices of the

State Cornmittee on Science and Te chnblogy
Govt. of Kerala, Trivandrum,
1 gg2.
 FORE}TARD.

This finar r"eport is based. on the detaired studies

carried out by K.p.Thrivikraraaji and a team consi_sting of a
resea.rchassistant, and his stud.ents worklng for the degree
of Ph-D. The study a,rea. fa1ls in the Alleppey Di-st., anc
ertends over a length of about 12 ]cm. The beach volume changes
have been estimeed to know the ultirnate loss or ga.in of the
sediment in the shoreface either leading to erosion or acretion
of the beaches, Tlre estimates of profi.le variation mad,e 6ave
been anal-ysed to see the state of th.e shoreline, ie, whether
lt js erosing or" acr"ting.
The historical f-l-uctuations in the shor.eline of Kerala
has a.lso been estlrrpted a-nd included ln this report, to gain
the eorreet perspective of the current sta,tus of .this environnelrt.
The data colr-ected durlng thc one year study has been.
processed and coded systematically to create a, computer based
data base. The structure a::d di-sposjtion of the tiata base has
been developed. by Dr,K,p.Thrivikrarnaji, :rnd it has been imple *
mented 1n the Keral-a rJniversity Computer, r^rith the asslssance
of the s-rrstems Engj-neerr llir.A.K.Pujari. The be ach d.ata subfile
is now aetive.
The author berievesr tha.t a.s proglpsed i:r his orlginal
project this study r,ror"rld incompl.etc, unless ihe sediment
d:'ift pattern 1n the nca.r shore rerr.ains i-tr-dcciphered. There-
fore a earnest request is ruade here tc the Goyernrncnt for
sanction of the second instalment of thc research grant.
 A cK r\: ggr. s pqElurj Nrg

The suppo:rt a,nd co*oF€ra.tion of the State

committee i-n scjence nnd fech.nology, Govt" of Ke ra-l-a is
greatefully rckr"or*ledged,. the Dcpt. of Gcolory, LTnivcrstty
of Kerale a:r d spc ci al].y Prof .K.K.l.le non and tr.p.Ir "R,llair
gcnerously exte:rc1ed the physi cal facrlities and suppcr to
carry out thc sbudy

My friends, f ellcvr sci c:rtists o.r:d doctoral

d.cgrce stuccnts working under m;,/ supcrvision a.nd. thc Rcsearch
Assistarrt ln thc projcct slnccrcly and strenuousl_rr wcrkcd
in the various stages of the exccution of this prrojcct add
; rcndere d anc c>ree ll-ent au.d jcnee to test and try rny icca:
"

to strcngth and hopc-instjlled by the scveral people in the

fishing cornmunities in the study area rqithout which, thls
work would not ha.vc trken off the grou:rd .

i
i
I

I
i
t.
 ItLqB0QgqgIgs

This report nay be reatj along r^rith thc tr^ro ee.rl-ler

reports complled b3' ine, and. alongl with the abstracts of oyal
pre sentations 1n thc conferences. Howcver, the te:rt jn the
report would- stancl on its olin, if the ri.a,der,*q interest is
confined to the monsoonal- processe s relati.ng to episocic
erosion of tlre bcachcs of l(erala, especi^tlx in thc study
ari)8., rn orcer to makc the pi-cture ccripletr:, fron a historjeal
stand point, r hnve .also studied, thc topographic maps pub-
lished by survev of rnd,ia. dr-rring 1912 (i:ftcr ili; first survcy
of InC ja) and in 1965" The llandsat inagr,ries rclatlng to ilre
Kerala reglon has also been exanj_ned. rn the; ligtrt cf the
study of tho' tcpographic sheets Fjorle lntc::csting corclusions
havc bcen dr"awn, r,r'hic)r- presumablSr rrould create an inte::est in
the nind of pla.nncr and dcvcloperr The fj_rst part of thc
rcport cntails the enalysis of stud-jes of th,e 15d beach pro_
f iles collccte;d fron 13 ste.ti,ons s.rpcr,f tcd, by a intcrvall of
one le il,ornctcr. lrie j-thcr thc profile;s nor tllc surr.rc-,/ data are
included- in thj-s rcport, in order to k-eep its sj-zc rcasonable
and duc to the fact that the data r,r1l-] be of j_ntercst onlJr in
the cvent of carry-ing out a dctailcd stucly. Iiowr,'ver, ny own
1dr'as have evolvcd during this pcriod j-n a certa-,in ftii,nncr rncr.
nolr r havc strred the da.ta of this stucy in a Beach d"ata sub-
f ile of an Earth Resou.recs }ata, Base (8.It.D.8.).

Beach Profiles
Dat3 The bse.ch profileis co1lesf,cd during the study
i:eriod numbey 15e . The profites t,.icre surrreycd. by the stake
erd borj-zon ne rne thori of Ernery (1961 ). The ficLd procedr.rre
il co1leeting the profiles are givcn in the nid-ycar tccl:nical
rr pcrt ( t 929) . Fig.1a shows flrE: locatj-cn of profile stations
::r=rd- cvcr th.e stud}' 33s fr.on Al-Ieppcy to !.nitalapuzha, at
::: i::t:rrral lf 1 krn, erch. Thc profiles ui-ru collected fron
-.:.78 tc i'iov.?9 a.t nonthly pericdiclties rt a11 the 1j
(cond"..)
stations. The eurnulative vari-ations of be a"eh volune
begining with the base nonth cf Dec.?B over cvery
followi-n,s rnonth at arl the stations Lrarre bcen t1ia.gr"a_nnia-
tical ly sk+tch cd in f igs . 1 to 13 ,urd ii:. Tahlc .1 .

$h QI ef ace,p-rp,fi I€_ qre a J_q qtg.J +_ag

The; cstinnt.;s cf the shorcfacc profile arca by

'$uperposing profiles of a sta.tion can be r:ade succesrlivcly
f or cach rcontj: r,lith re,ferencc: to thc ba"se llne profile,
ie. Dec.78 profile. The prcfilc rccords were a*alysed
ernd the e:sti na,ted of shor:cf ace are rrarintion in the
profiles for s-1.1 the 13 stations hrve be en nadc and a_re
giv<;r in Table 1. Thc data rir-sr: plotterd, as hj_sto65r.ans in
Fig.1 tc 13" Alf t}:.e figures shor^r a gap for the month of
oct"79. Thls na.)r be due to thc ccriplction of r cycle of
crosion ai-.d d*position in the shorcfnce i_e. the diffe rence
brtr,reen ttre Dcc. ?B and Oct. ?9 profllcs in te rr:s cf the
area is practicalty nil. rn the histogr€lr:ls the ero$iona1
phase, has nat be en narked separatcly from that cf dcpr,.*
sitional phase. Flowevcr, increase in il-r.e shorrfacc area. is
shonn by the incre a.se in the hcight of the ba_rs, The :.e is
a cllstinct birrod.ality in the graph, and it is due tc
presence of tlie erosional phase :rnd dccreasc rn tho sh.orc-
facc er(ra" The appearence of the trcugh in thr: various
f igures (t-t3) ind"icates the cnsct of er.csi-onal pha.sc.
0n1y d jfference js thet the exa.ct ti.r:c cf occurrencc of
the; crosional phase d jff e::e s fv'cn statiln tc staticn"
For exanple in the figures, bnr 1, srrovls thc incrcase
in th.e beach .rolnne betwcen Dec.?B and Jan.?9, and _bar
2 for Dec.?8 and -qeb.?9, and. ber ] fc.r Dc.c.?B e-nd }rarch 79
:,nd so on. Bir l,ta;r Juner Jul}r and Aug. fl:c va.ricus stations
rcccrdcd beac?r-profile 'a.rea decrease lnd jcatin.g thc arrival
rf prenonsoonal storns, ronsoona.l stcrr,s ancl the e rosiurn&l
'f,fe cts re;sulting thr,;re fron. Thc scconc node a.ctually
*:i-i ce tes the considereble ercrsion the be aches h.a.ve
 -aJ-

undcrgone. By Ncv.?9 a-fter the Oct.?9 EaFr e"11 thc

statjons indicate cnset of depcsiticn and- bcach growth.
I,ig.16 is a- p1,ot of the area cf the profiles betl^reen
Dec.?8 J:r.n.?9 and }ec.?8 IIov.?9, fcr al 1 the 13 stations '
This plct is veq/ instructive in thrt r,ctun-l- sand aceunu*
lation or loss at thc vnriouc stn,ticns a'Tt vcry clear1-y
indicated a* e*e#*ez+* 4;5v86*2 l"icst of tlre statj-cns bhor*
'the snoreface seaward. The
consj_dey.a.ble inprovel,r.cnt of
efcepticns 31rL' statj-ons 6 and 7 which has actua'1-1-y re cereded
landward. The r:ar.inur sand gai::L is ird'; eated. a't s ia'tions
4r5r}r12 and 13. StationS 112, and 3 dicl not loose rnuch
sand
over the stud.y !'rriod' but the situation only inprcved
narginally. But the gain at stations 9r1Or11 lle re reasonably
gcod..
gycqp-Ztle Chqnses

Th.e cnvel opc r;frcd by overlaying thc serial prof 13-e s

.f

at a. steticn is dcsignated as ttre sweep zone" In cther wordso

i-t is an ar a dcfined.by the profiles rt:l-eting tbe maxinur
ad.fencc and retrr:a.t of thc shorefa.ce frcr. the rcfcrnnce or
baseline profile . In the pri;sent stud-;r tlie llec.?8, profil'l
is taken as th-c baseline " Thc ar€'e cf the E;I^ICCp zonj. in f t2
is cstjnatecl fcr el-L thc 13 stations. The s\{ecp %cn€ arca is
a sig.nificant inde:i cf the relati-rc cxtent r:f sand voli;r'e
novcr.ent or shorefacc adrrantec oI retr"eat of the statione
in question. For gxa'"'p}e the slilee iJ %one a,rca is p}otted'
the
aga.inst tlre stati ons (p:-g '1 5 ) ' The plot dcriron€itratr;s
point that in tlic fj.rst plecc th.e sa'nd novcnu'Irt tla.d cccured
and it renged betwecn ?80 ft' to 154'0 ft7 ' Stations 1 '2'?'B'9
ar-.d l l lrad r*gistcred snnd nrcverrcnt in tht' shorc
f t-"ea to the
ti;nr., of about 13OO ft. or rore' 0r c]-e se tl-l'cse stations
underwerrt rc1-a.ti-vc1y sevcrc i-rosion and tenporary loss
of
BOO ft'
b=p=cn. $ta.tions 3 and, 5 hacl v6'gistcred nnly n'bout
:f sa-nd rrovcrlent, whe;re as \he rest of trre staticns had' an
::.tcrireciate loss rate. Thus .s1'Iecp zcTle area vnrlation is
i]luppropiiateT^iayofanalysingtlresevcrityofnonsacnal
 .4-

'rcsion of the beaches and. pcrhaps,it se:rqes as a roliable

le cord of e piscd ic erosi on associate i! rrrith thc nonsocns. It
i 5 so b<:causc af tcr tlte, cessa.tlon cf the ronsoona'l lrave
c1in,:-te the bcrer"es rcfcrr- to -bhe,ir criginll c:itcnt.
Iis tor:Lc glroreline.Mg
During the stud,lg of bcach erosion p::cl acrcti-on phenonena
along thc Kcrale- cor.st, tlris investi-ga.tor hacl rcalised the need
for undcrstanding the. extent of bea.cll sed.inent novei:,ent durlng
the rlonsocnal ECascn c've;r th€ entir c extent shoreline of Kerala
as well as fluctuations in the slic::eline positicn, if &oX,
durinq thc lr.istoric tine . The sccond repcrt (Tirrivikramaj i,1 981 )
lr.ad er>'arri-ned" thc variaticn i-n shoreline r:rosion and the asso-
clntcd sanr,l rovcr:ent fron Cape conorin tb i\riangalore . Since
then, a rcsearch lras carried out tc investigate the historical
ch.angcs in tlrc shcreline, whether it be landw.s.rd or seal.rard.
F'or thjs Furpose, seve r"a1 ra-ps publishcd by survey of India
s ince 1912 we;Te s tud i-ed., along with tl: e !gn$gg! ina.ge ries
supplied by thr: lTatlonal Renote sensing Agency. Survelr of
fndirL tcpr-.graphic sh.e ets of 1t6536C, 1 :50r000, 12250r000 and
Landsa't ina.ge rics of 1x25O,000 sca.les were analyscd. I{erein
follcwing, tlie rcsults of thc conpa,riscn of raps i,:u.bJ-ished, by
sur"vcy of India, j.n 1912 and 1965 in ttre scalr; of 126336O anrl
1 '" 5O,OCO e,rc T'nesen,ted..

Ms tlpd slad y
c1f

0n the survc:)r of Lndia tolcgrai,hic *oli-ct,:ts transects

larallel to thc lntitude at 5 rrinute in-t''rvils T.'ICrc "*1sstrid.
The distp.nce to the hig:t': watcr rark frrl a unique rcfcrence
point r:n land (en interscction cf e. 1-ongitud,: lj-ne and P,. 5
ninute letitude h-nc) was nee-gure"4 p.r:ii;ciscl;r by an engirrcrcrs
divid.er a:rd ccnvcrtcd intc d.jstance i.n re tcrs on the 1912 anrl
1965 topcgra.i.hi-c sheets._ The d,istanccs l,rcr'i, re ccrdcd in a cen-
tinetcr mlt:r accuratcly upto half a r:iIli-t'cter befr'rre conversion
j-nto nctcrs. For exanple , )f atonS'' the sarc latif,ude, thc
distancc to the high wnter nark sh.owed a longcr Cistance in the
 E
-)-
i965 raf iri cor:r,"'ri-s.lr', wlth the 1g1z irap, it was taken
as ease
cf acretion and rriec vcrsa
As the naps r-.ubli,shed by survey of rndle in 1g1z anc 1955
werc in diffcrent scalL=s, suitable ccrrcetinns wcrc applicd to
bring the neasurcd distanecs to a connon sca.1c ic. 1z5o,oo0,
It was also found tl:lat the transects wcre irrva,riably not pcr-
pendlcular to the shorerine, but always trere at an anglc. How-
evcr, when suitabrc corre bticns were appliecl the varia.tion in
shoreline position was found to bc r,yithin- flre reasurerient
error ouly
R csuft s
At the outset I potnt out that the reslrrts cnerging
fron the investiga.t-i,ons arequite intcrestlng, fn the Fer1-rea.ble
shorelj'ne of Kerala tlrere has been a strcng tcnclenc"y for fluctu*
ation of the shoreline eithcr ]enriwa.rd or sr-.awarcl . The lanC loss
by erosion ancl tlr-e' land gain by acrction occur altcrnately along
the scctors of ttrc shorc,llne in a sa-ndniicrrr:d pattcrn. Table a
gives thc Cjstribution anC extent of Inpcrmcable shoreline,
Table J. glvcs a sunna-ry of flre rcsults. In the case of
inperrreable shorelinc, ncasuring a length cf about 90 l,:n. the
erosional hazp.rc has been infu.-,al" rn fact thc c1.cca.y of the
shoreline along these sectors ere i-nfluenced cnly i.nd j-rcctly by
the war./e aitack. tr'lhere sedinenta.ry rocks .r rcsir]ual latcrite
arc exposed, suba.erj-ai l..rccesses of sl[)"pc dcstrr.rction a]sc flay
a vcry i:rportant rolc j-n the rec,L-1ssi()n rf cliff facc e.nd hcnce
loss of lanC. Thc, crystalline rocks c:rposr;c']. along, the cliffs
arc lcast arrenable to the erosional lroccsses"Tt has been
synoptically estina-'ced that th.r; statc ha-s .a.incd a,bout'41 kn2
of lanrr alcng thc coe.stal- a.rce anri lost n.bout zz kn2 during
the periocl hetwe'en 1912 and. 1965,
 i."
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; tl - ._ D+qo
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i'i6.-.
BeaCh Data SUb-flle.{'*;-;:;;:**L';;*"'iFr'"'

Data ba.ses inportant part of planninpl frocesses of every

:ration, Jn our country planning and Cevelopi:ent ere basecl on
base line crta ccllccted by cifferr,,nt a.gencics clealing with
natrrra.l. rii.i(iurccs. In fact, the datn pirtherrjC anC used by
plarrners in i? Trai/ ar€. Catabases" Howetvcr, the only rrraw ba.ck
of such data base s are thnt they at:c containe cl 1n leilgcrs, files,
and sj,r:ilar records in pape r. This the r,.fc-re has rcsulted, in
cfficicnt handl-ins' use and retrieval ar"d ulxr,nte of thc dater,.
lAiith the advcnt of ccr.i:uters j.n research anC dcvclol:n.ent acti-
vitics, onc aspect c,f .tho co:,rputcr" hes bcen renainj-ng untapped
in col'u.rtrics like Inllia" Only re ccrntly the capability of the
corputi:r tc hr,nclc, large volur:cs cf clata has been prrperly nade
use of by j;,lenncrs, i-e. jts a-birlty tc stcrc largc volune of
ri.ata. Tlic ab,ilit1r of the conputerr to rcprod.uce ttre; data fron
its ner:cry ert coi:trand anr-l in the quickcst tine shoulC be utilise6
for thc planning prccesscs. fn ccvclopcc countrics ccnputcr
bascd daia, stcragc, re'brieval a.nd upilatc frcil_ities have been
used by sevi':ra.l agenci-es of Govt. This has nac,c i,.ossible
"}a.e
thc creetic::. and u.i;e d.ata basect-.
0n tho ba.sis cf ny knowlcdge anc, errpcsurc tc applj-ca-tion
of corputcrs in resea"rchn it has ron bc-.en lassiblc to ceslgn,
fornul-atc a:rcl inplener.t a clata basc fcr" tl"e Liati;lral re sources of
Kerala. The c'iata basc is designa.tccr:rs E,F,,D.B,(Earth F-esources
Data Base). The Ce ajls of thc clatr. basc i:-r glivc;r in lnig.14
I he.vc ccr] eiL and, re fincd the c:-",.ta ccllc'cted iruri ng the survey
of a bt:ach, erosj.cn and acretion sturiy, tc cree.te a. Beach. cata
$nbfj le in tlre licral-a- Unive rrity Ccrrlrut,'r: :rt Trjrraadrlr.'- . The
Bea.ch clata subfile j.s now active. rt is ho1.r.:d tc nctivate all
thc Ciffi:rcnt boxes of tbe fig.1{ in r,lur-' co.Lr.rsc. Currently thc
cata bn"se i.s crcatei:l in Tapc ancl tt:re ln:.rguagc usec-l 1s coBol.
As the slzc of ttre cls-ta basc increasc tlie tnpe necliur: r+i--t_l be
substitutec fnr Disk. llr.A.K.Pujar:i, trre systcrrs Engineer of
tl:e conputer contre cnl.laboratcs in this rcsearch llrc{Iranr,c
l;'ith n<; . Cur:^ently beach survev cratt. rurning into e.bcut 9OO
 +7*
'i
carcl i-nages have been etored.. Facilltjes errist for inelusi-cn
of furthcjr beFch cata in this subflle. in th e
J*ow wc rr-ru
process:; o'A designi-ng
algorithrns fcr pr,,oc,essing thc datr,
rctreiving it, elC upCating it e.nrr testins of thc-se ire to
bc taken up cluring thc srutrer of trris yetr.
I'

BY 1 984, 1t 1s holrcd tl e.ch i,: vc , ocnp,lc,tc

activ{tinn of all the subf ilc,s in the EHDts "
 Tab]-e-I
Cunule:tive Beach-?rofile-area changes (Ft2)
a a aa. caaaaa

Stoti-on
?eriod II III IV V YI VII

$ec,78-Jan.
79 24.19 187.51 15.11 141 .1356.45 66.55 766,95
Teh. ?9 342.76 477.60 217.75 217.75 112.91 67.51 80.65
l[arnl-TQ
a-e- v-- 1 J 354.86 4O7 .28 225,82 423.41 1 00.81 86.69 12"09
,[,pri1-79 572.51 92.74 282.27 685.52 24.5.98 64.52 60.48
HaFn ?9 77 4 .24 96.?8 487.94 487 ,93 147.18 88.?? 50,49
Jurte r?9 t11.31 133,A7 354.69 g19.41 48.39 52.42 68;55
Julyr?9 1 100.8 762.14 ?.25,82 54A,35 ZjZ.O3 433,51 70J .65

Aug. 7c] 983.9 1 008"1 521 .CO 645, t 8 2gO.74 778.27 778,27
Sept. ?9 gg?.1 5 572,61 19?.59 661 ,33 tt15 .33 1 83.47 483.9A
Oct. 79 P

-!iov,79 6,1..52 191 .15 64.52 858.92 586.7 39.30 161 .3O

De c. ?B
to
lle. ?9 1 5.+4,.+1+31 ,5 806.5 1104.9 786.35 1088.? 1399.2

Table I (contd". .)
 Wwlrf d. VTII XIT XIII

ffiflry6.?F-Jau.?9 1 2.0 18q,5 125.Q .1 t ? 175.3 48 17

frFa*,
4 bva ?C
t 118"q 235.9 21' .7 Ao .4
121 .'l )2. z
t
t q a4
t March ?9 153 .3 3O3,2 '72 a*.1 4
24,1 129,A
t
-{.pril
I
I

?9 298.4 245,9 90.6 24.1 143.1 44.7

r

I
I
May 79 754,.O 455.6 141 .g 177.4 .3
28€: 277,A
i

"I"{-nr",.e
79 677.i 530.2 64 t5 2c.1 2a9.6 208. O
July 79 1 426.'nr 1262 .1 746tA 658^.1 901.2 927.4
C.uEu,79 1151 .2 1 002 .0 667 i7 951 ,6 863.76 584,7
Sert. '79 B5g_.2 697.6 483 i9 56|-.5 655.A 813.3
I ct. 79
-!.i^a
-
Jl.
?t O:
572.6 350.8 1 ,+1 .1 4YO. * c'7 A 6, 1197.6

I€c.78 to
Iov.79 1 52Q .2 1356 .c.t 1 O72 ,6 1 135 ,1 1231 .g i 524.2
 Table 2" C]-iffeC shoreline ' ( I:rpcrraeable shoreli-ne )
of Kerala.

Lceation lithology Extent

krr.

Chappath, - Vizhinjan'r W-e rtiary

Kovalan sedients; 10
PGcr:rstallin es

Vetcor-Thangess eri Terti.ary 57 ,5

sediner ts
B eyorpc prinary l,n,tcritc 1 .25

Putlriyappa ?rlnar;r Ira.te;rite 2.75

Quilandi P g crystall::nef
Resnary l,r.terj-tc 7.5
l.tahe P g Crystalltr:ef
prinary lat'.:rite 12,75
Carnanorc Warkalli la.t cri-te 12 .75
AzhikoCe P S brystall::nef
Prinary la,tt+ritc 1 .25
Bzhina.l a P g cryst:rlline 3.75
S . of l(asaragccl e F g cr.rrsta115-ne f
PrinD.rl' li t" ri te 71q

Totel lergth of Cliffed

( h,rpe rreable ) S hore line 92.75
 Table 3. Shcreline fluctuation I

durinF h+q-tffir9J1Ug I
r
I

I
Nature of t
l

f.,ocatr on (Sector)
I
fLuctuation I
i

I
Fanikutar (j76 ZCt - 80 0O') to
i,

Acre ti on
i*txo.e (fn'i 75' .. 90 'co')
I

Erod ing
{
l
?covar t77' 55' - 80 1 ot ) 10') EroC"ing
Era.vipure.r: (77o 05' - 80
N " of I'tekkad to ErilC'ing
;;n*k;" (7do 1r, 10o I 0')
25' - 90 25'\ Acretir:g
lleerkt-nnna.rn (?Co
10o 10t) Acreting
ElarkunnaPuzha (?ro 2ot
f 3'r EroCing
$;illt-jl tltr-Ei"v?b? r 1 0o 45' ) Acr.- ting
?allthuru-thu ft Ao 00 Erocii r,gf
of
North of Va.Cakkekad11too ??Yth Acrcting
;;.;;h"; 1,7r" tb'! - 1 5' )

North cf Elathur to Acre ting

Ba.ir.agar (t5o 40t * 11o 50')
35')
110 to
Krrnnanka.re (l5o 4-0' Ercd.ing
Thekkecllea'a (?5o 15'
> 12e 05')
Acre ting
No. of Kunjathur Ircd ing
jesh'rrar tT tro 55' 120 45')
I{an
 D ls t ribut j- qn- -I, i€-L

Dire ctcr Director

Geol-ogical- Su-rvey of InCia Centre for Ea.rth Science
Kera.la circle Studies, F.8.2235
Trivand rui:. Trivand rur:r.59501 O

The librarian Thc Librari-an

Kerala Uty. Library The Legistature T,ibrary
Trj-var-'d rrLr.rl . 59 5001 Secretariat n Trivand,run
Dlrector Dircctor,
Mining & Geclory Dept. Kerala Engg.Research
Trivand.nrn. Institute, Peechi
Director Professor of Marine
ITatior:a1 lrrstitute of Geolcgy,
Occna.ogrcphy, Dona Paula Dept.of Harine Scienccs
Gon Foreshore Road,
Cochin
Dr.E.I{.Sphu Dr.I.B.Sinsh
Dept"of Earch Sciences Dept.of Ge6lcgy'
IIf ,Por'rai, BonbaY. 4OOO?6 Lucknow UtY.
Irucknow
Dr.Dipa,nkar }iiYogi The Dean,
Iept.ef GecloEY & GeoPhYsics Schcol of Invrionnental
IIT, Kha.ragPur, W.Bengal Stud.i-cs, Jawaharlal
Nehru UnivcrsitY
The Profe,ssor of GeologSr Prof.A.K. Saha,
Roorkeer Ur: lve,:rsif,y, Presi i-d ency College ,
Roorkc e , U.?. Calcutta
Dr. C.ltaganna The Dean cf Science-'
Dept.of Geology Univcisit;r of Kerala
Jnnabharathi- Trivand rtln.
Ba"nga.lore

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