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Ribs Trachea
Oxygen
Ribs Oxygen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen Lungs Alveolus
Trachea Carbon dioxide
Alveolus
Lungs Lungs
1. All living organisms need to take in oxygen in order to carry out cellular
respiration (still remember ? Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
+ energy).
2. Respiration is the taking in of oxygen by our body from the external
environment.
3. Inhalation – breathing in, exhalation – breathing
out.
4. Small organism, amoeba, can get the gas it
needs through simple diffusion because its
body surface is big (compared to its body size).
5. Human has big body size and so its surface
area is small, so he needs a respiratory system
so that the gas he breath in is enough.
Comparison
between a human
and an amoeba.
Structure of air passage
6. The inner lining of trachea has a layer of mucus to trap particles, secreted by
goblet cells.
Alveolus
1. The ribs
2. Intercostals muscle
3. Diaphragm
4. There are 10 pairs of ribs attaching
backbone and the sternum
5. Intercostals muscle attaches to the ribs.
6. When the intercostals muscle contract,
the ribs move upwards and outwards,
and vice-versa.
7. Diaphragm is situated at the bottom of
the rib cage. At rest, it curves upwards
and flatten when contracts.
Inhalation
Exhalation
Alveolus
O2
Hb + O2 HbO2 HbO2 Hb + O2
HbCO2 Hb + CO2
Blood Hb + CO2 HbCO2
Cell
CO2
In the alveolus O2 moisture alveolus wall blood in the capillary
Smoking, smoke from factories, open burning, etc releases harmful substances.
1. Bronchitis
2. Emphysema
3. Smoking mother.
1. Stop smoking
2. Control the flow and the number of traffic.
3. Use unleaded petrol
4. Encourage car pooling
5. Use catalytic converters to reduce the amount of harmful substances
from the vehicles
6. Enforce laws to curb pollutants from factories and vehicles
7. Stop open burning
8. Planting of more trees.