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The annulus fibrosus
consist of collagen fibers.
Nucleus pulposus is
entirely covered but
annulus fibrosus is only
66% covered by the end
plates.
The term prolapsed disc means the protrusion or
extrusion of the nucleus pulposus through a rent in
the annulus fibrosus.
Bulging
Protrusion
Extrusion
sequestration
K
Y
It only occurs if the disc has deteriorated as
a result of repeated microtraumas and if the
annulus fibres have started to degenerate
Second stage
As soon as the weight is
lifted the increased axial
compression force crushes
the whole disc and violently
drives the nuclear substance
posteriorly until it reaches
the deep surface of PLL.
Third stage
Concentric(circumferential)
tears
Tears between adjacent lamellae
Rim lesions
ocal circumferential avulsion of
peripheral annulus
Radial fissure
Allows nucleus material to
escape
Bulging
At this early stage, the disc is
stretched and doesn·t
completely return to its normal
shape when pressure is
relieved. It retains a slight
bulge at one side of the disc.
In the case of a
herniated spinal disc,
the soft jelly has
completely spilled
out of the disc and
now protruding out
of the disc fibres.
Sequestration