Teknik Kompilasi I

TEKNIK KOMPILASI

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MATERI

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ARTI KATA TEKNIK KOMPILASI

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TRANSLATOR:
COMPILER & INTERPRETER

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COMPILER & INTERPRETER

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COMPILER

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KENAPA PERLU TRANSLATOR ?

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LATAR BELAKANG

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Bagaimana dengan orang yang tidak

mengerti bahasa mesin?

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BAHASA TINGKAT TINGGI

Pemrograman bisa menggunakan Bahasa Tingkat Tinggi.

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Bahasa Tingkat Tinggi adalah:

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Jenis Translator: ASSEMBLER

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Jenis Translator: COMPILER

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Jenis Translator: Interpreter

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Why study compilers?

‰ Most CS students do not go on to write a commercial compiler
someday, but that's not why we study compilers. We study
compiler construction for the following reasons:

‰ Writing a compiler gives experience with large-scale applications

development. Your compiler program may be the largest program
you write as a student. Experience working with really big data
structures and complex interactions between algorithms will help
you out on your next big programming project.

‰ Compiler writing is one of the shining triumphs of CS theory. It

demonstrates the value of theory over the impulse to just "hack
up" a solution.

‰ Compiler writing is a basic element of programming language

research. Many language researchers write compilers for the
languages they design.

‰ Many applications have similar properties to one or more phases

of a compiler, and compiler expertise and tools can help an
application programmer working on other projects besides
compilers.
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‰ There is no software development method for writing large

programs that doesn't involve pain: pain is inevitable in
software development (Berry's Theorem).

‰ There is no way to learn the skills necessary for writing big

programs without pain. A good CS course includes pain, and
teaches pain management and minimization.

‰ The questions we should ask, then, are:

(a) should CS majors be required to spend a lot of time

becoming really good programmers?
(b) are we providing students with the assistance and access to
the tools and information they need to accomplish their goals
with the minimal doses of inevitable pain that are required?

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What Are They and What Kinds of Compilers are Out There?

• The purpose of a compiler is:

to translate a program in some language (the source
language) into a lower-level language (the target language).

The compiler itself is written in some language, called the

implementation language.

To write a compiler you have to be very good at

programming in the implementation language, and have to
think about and understand the source language and target
language.

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Several major kinds of compilers

‰ Native Code Compiler
Translates source code into hardware (assembly or machine code)
instructions. Example: gcc.

‰ Virtual Machine Compiler

Translates source code into an abstract machine code, for execution by a
virtual machine interpreter. Example: javac.

‰ JIT Compiler
Translates virtual machine code to native code. Operates within a virtual
machine. Example: Sun's HotSpot java machine.

‰ Preprocessor
Translates source code into simpler or slightly lower level source code, for
compilation by another compiler. Examples: cpp, m4.

‰ Pure interpreter
Executes source code on the fly, without generating machine code.
Example: Lisp.
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Phases of a Compiler
¾ Lexical Analysis:
Converts a sequence of characters into words, or tokens

¾ Syntax Analysis:
Converts a sequence of tokens into a parse tree

¾ Semantic Analysis:
Manipulates parse tree to verify symbol and type information

¾ Intermediate Code Generation:

Converts parse tree into a sequence of intermediate code instructions

¾ Optimization:
Manipulates intermediate code to produce a more efficient program

¾ Final Code Generation:

Translates intermediate code into final (machine/assembly) code

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Blok Diagram

Program
Program Program
Program
Sumber
Sumber Sasaran
Sasaran

ANALISA SINTESA
Penganalisa
Penganalisa Penganalisa Semantik Pembentuk Pengoptimal
Leksikal Sintaks Pembangkit kode kode
(scanner) (parser) Kode antara

TABEL
TABEL
SIMBOL
SIMBOL

Bagan pokok proses kompilasi

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Contoh Source Program ke dalam Kode Mesin:

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Contoh Source Program ke dalam Kode Mesin

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Konsep dan Notasi Bahasa

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Konsep dan Notasi Bahasa

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Konsep dan Notasi Bahasa

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Contoh Tata Bahasa Sederhana

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Tabel Aturan Produksi

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Hirarki CHOMSKY

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ATURAN PRODUKSI

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DIAGRAM STATE

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Notasi BNF (Backus Normal Form)

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DIAGRAM SYNTAX

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DIAGRAM SYNTAX

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Kualitas dari Compiler:

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Lanjut ke TEKNIK KOMPILASI II.ppt

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