>>special :

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to Foreign Internships
Director's Message From Team MNTC
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic - Arthur C. Clarke, "Profiles of The Future", 1961
It gives me great pleasure to see that the movement that started last year has taken (Clarke's third law)
another step forward this year with the second issue of Anveshan ready for release. A Much of what Jules Verne wrote in his books in the 19th century was categorized as "science fiction" back then. Today we
forum was necessary to share technical knowhow and Anveshan does an admirable job know him as one of the greatest visionaries of all time. We don't know what the future holds for us. But we do know that
of it. even our wildest imagination is reality in the making. And it is the engineers and scientists all over the world who have taken
Technology, today, is increasingly becoming a multidisciplinary affair. Boundaries up the task of turning the dreams into reality.
are fast disappearing as technologies are merging into each other. In the United States It is virtually impossible for any individual to keep track of all the research that's taking place in diverse disciplines of
there are a number of doctors taking up technology for post graduate studies. India is technology. Anveshan is an honest attempt to enhance the Technology Quotient (TQ) of its readers. Also included is an
fast catching on. I strongly encourage our students to not only master their own article that gives you all the guidance you need in bagging coveted internships. Not only does Anveshan report on cutting
discipline but also to look beyond and investigate other areas where their learning may edge technology, it also dares to fantasize on where that technology will take us in hundred years' time.
find application. The enthusiastic response from students, professors and alumni which followed the inaugural edition of Anveshan has
Our beloved NIT Durgapur is turning fifty this year but it remains as young and motivated the Maths 'N' Tech Club team to work even harder for the present edition. We are deeply grateful to our Director,
vibrant as it has ever been. While world leaders are busy finding strategies to tackle Dr. Swapan Bhattacharya, for his patronage. We are also thankful to Prof A. K. Mitra for his kind support. And we are
climate change, NIT Durgapur has taken initiatives of its own. Sizeable investment has reverentially grateful to our faculty editorial board who guided us at every step.
been made towards installation of solar lights around the campus and solar water We strongly encourage the readers to submit original research notes or other general opinions for publication in
heaters in the hostels. A massive infrastructure overhaul project has been undertaken subsequent editions. Any suggestions for the improvement of the magazine are wholeheartedly welcomed at
that is set to change the face of the campus when completed. mathsntech.nitdgp@gmail.com.
On the academic front, a significant number of students graduating this year from Murphy's Law on Technology makes the audacious claim: "Technology is dominated by those who manage what they do
the institute have opted for higher studies and this is very heartening. Many have been not understand". And we are out to challenge it. Happy reading!
selected to reputed universities abroad. Students have also put up a stellar show in
competitive examinations like GATE and CAT.
I am confident that the institute will keep making progress towards further
editorial board
consolidation of its position as a premier technical institute and I urge one and all to
strive towards achieving this end. Dr. Kajla Basu Dr. P. P. Sengupta
Dr. Seema Sarkar (Mondal) Mr. Aniruddha Chandra
Alumni Speak
President of NIT Durgapur difficult was the transition from college ragging? Any recollections?
Alumni Association, Mr. Srimanta life to the corporate world?
Roychoudhury, in a freewheeling
chat with Vikash Agarwal and
SRC Sir : Most colleges, notably
SRC Sir: In our times, it was very
intense,
Jadavpur University and BE College
though not very physical in
nature. I strongly condemn the
what's inside
Jayita Bhattacharya Shibpur, had their senior dadas in most practice. Juniors should be comforted,
Jayita: It has been a long time since organizations, who mentored the not confronted.
you passed out of what was then RE freshers from their institutes. Ours Vikash: Please tell us something about
College. Please share some fond being a new college at that time, we NITDAA and the role it has to play.
memories of your stay here. didn't have that luxury. My first job was SRC Sir: NITDAA members are spread
SRC Sir: I belonged to the 6th batch at Hindustan Chemicals as a project across the globe, from Bengal to
of the college. On my first day at engineer. Boston. Wherever your profession may
college, I had come alone from my Jayita: Sir, what change do you observe take you, you have seniors you can
home in Chittaranjan. I remember in students from your times and the approach for help. I urge the students
being greeted by a short dark man students of today? to join NITDAA after they pass out and
in front of Hall 1 who was allocating SRC Sir: I believe today's students are to carry the torch forward.
the rooms. I later learnt that he was much more knowledgeable and Jayita: Before we let you go, your
Parthasarathi Roy, popularly called academically oriented. They are message for the budding engineers...
Patta Da. He was a student of the focused on their careers. However, they SRC Sir: Try and observe things that
first batch of REC, who eventually are unaware of the environment and are happening around you. Analyse
completed his engineering in 9 extracurricular and physical activities them. Question everything. Remain
years ( 1960-68)! are on the decline. restless until you get an answer. My
Vikash: Quite a welcome! Sir, how Vikash : What are your views on best wishes to all of you!

1
from the editor
NIT DURGAPUR
being yourself emerging India: the wireless story
When the great Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler first dreamt of a land free of Jews, he must have been overwhelmed.
Induction Fifteen years back, everybody turned Then what we are gonna talk about? What matters most about a
around at the beep of a pager, taking a curious
When he set out to conquer the world, he was still the ambitious, adamant visionary with an overpowering authority in
look at the person carrying that wonder device.
his oratory that collected and commanded the German troops to follow his will. This example, I am sorry to note, has to The next thought being, whoa! This man is rich.
be prologue of this piece, in all its gory glory. Today, while travelling in a train, you even don't
Reckless and probably heartless was the dictator, but he sure was brave enough to stand against his conscience. notice a daily wager talking over his cell-phone.
So must've been Alexander the great or Saddam Hussein or countless other leaders of days by gone (who were content Yes, wireless has come up really a long way in
with their actions and their progress). They all lived luxuriously, though they might've had notably loathsome deaths. such a short time. The postal system is now
There's no account of these people ever being sad about anything. With their mind and purposes well defined and all almost defunct (try to remember when you last
used an inland letter) and landline
extravagance of world at their disposal, who would?
telephone sets finding a place in store
So that is where my soliloquy actually takes a shape. Were these people 'being themselves' when their men were room.
butchering their own species at will? Surely these people were content with their actions. Being oneself is bound to Where we stand now In 1995,
make one happy. How happy would a person be if all the inhibitions of the world are taken from him and he's set free to wireless phones were first
do any goddamn-ly possible thing to whichever end his soul might please! For these world known men, weren't their introduced in India and Kolkata
actions, calling of their souls? Weren't their souls the most independent among their kinds in their times? So with such became the first metro to have a
free will, weren't they "being themselves", when they unleashed their will on the world? Or was it acquired? Their sense cellular network. Today our
country has the second largest
of superiority over others in the lot - a gift from their society? And their will to bend or demolish - was it a preaching, a
mobile subscriber base after
sermon of religious nature, an ideological inheritance from their parents or plainly peer pressure? I guess not. So I focus
China which is 75 crores at
in the point again, they were being themselves.
present. India is also among
If I say I am a rigorously introspective guy, I wouldn't be lying, or even exaggerating. Through my years of life, I've those few countries that
always loathed myself for being a collage of reflections of people who have ever touched my life. Because dude, I am enjoy the benefit of both
missing a personality here. I see in myself the traits that I've acquired from my surroundings - an accent, an attitude, a G S M a n d C D M A
body language. And like me, I believe everybody picks these up from surroundings. For if all these remained every bit the technologies, with 76% and 24%
market shares respectively [1-2].
same as the day I was born, I would still be a blabbering youth mouthing indistinct words, with no space for
However, the mobile teledensity
accommodating an attitude in my personality and wetting my pants whenever come across by a human voice above
(No . of telephones per 100 persons) is
10 dB. Sincerely.
mere 45% when compared to global mean of
I realize that there could be people who would not find my concern with "one" being "self", seem right. But there 61%. But one can not deny that this is the very
are people who preach in the world, the message to get real. They preach solidarity with self and all blasphemies there reason behind the sustained wireless boost
are to sell, so all people in the world would require first be themselves - then give you the ambition to be somebody else - while others are struggling, especially in the
be like him Mr. Accomplished or her, Miss Successful. I remember a TV show that featured two bald creatures, bullying recession doomsday. With a monthly growth
aspiring people into accomplishing meaningless jobs. Diabolical souls! Nobody in right mind would do a thing that rate of about 4%, the dream of catching up with
China seems quite feasible. Telecom tariffs have
these twins with their skilled tongues would wax them in doing. I am clueless about what could've been their aim. But
fallen considerably over the years. In some tariff
they sure did tell everybody not to pretend. To be themselves. And then bit by bit, they robbed their own victim off its
plans, long distance calls cost as little as 0.1
individuality and proved to it that it belonged to any tom, dick and harry category and should wisely not pretend
Rupee, which is lowest in the world. No wonder
otherwise. So much for being myself! Is it really that important be yourself, to not have anything copied in your traits, lest that Indian consumers have world's highest
they call you pretentious. And then is there any trait in the world that cannot be traced back to belong to anybody else in minutes of mobile phone usage.
history-ancient, medieval or recent? Wait a minute! What's this? All the way to the
The hour of questioning is over and now I shall take an assertive tone to compile the conclusion. The world out statistics class again? Is this article not about a
there is same as inside you, with the doubts and uncertainties clogging their minds as yours. Still the world out there is new wireless gizmo? Aren't we going to talk
much more assertive in its tone than I've been. You have to belong, to live - have to abide by a stringent social code to about Y2K10, like when the Department of
Telecommunications (DoT) will allow the
belong and your surroundings always try to manipulate you to the same effect. You leave your individuality in the womb
operators to allocate new 11-digit mobile
of that world, become part of a swarm and the swarm would still chide you to find your individuality. My vantage point
number, etc? My younger readers, unfortunately,
however dictates that belonging is not important - that you don't have to kill your "self" to become "yourself". To borrow no! Still, we would be talking about the future -
from a learned teacher of mine - "Believe in yourself too dear. Sometimes all the world may be wrong and you alone may the future of our country, shaped by tomorrow's
be right". Remember always, that in another time in the world out there, Galileo persisted while people around him telecommunication engineers.
scratched their chins and branded him heretic. And today the world is a bit different because he persisted.
2
So believe in yourself, someday it will pay. Only, for the fellow denizens of my college, allow me to add -
" The world is yours for the taking. Go, Conquer!" E0
1986
Experimental Model
Examining the Principles of Two-Legged Locomotion First, a two-legged robot was made to walk
Aniruddha Chandra, Lecturer
Dept. of ECE, NIT Durgapur
new technology is not how it works, but how people use it and the
changes it brings about in human lives. Telemedicine helped lot in the
rural health sector, online form fill-up was a first step towards e-
governance, education and agriculture related help/ information is
available at the press of few buttons. The transformation in
telecommunications has accomplished what our socialist policies
couldn't - empower the less fortunate. The mobile phone has moved
beyond being a mere device to become a key social object present in
every aspect of our daily lives [3-4] . The Indian telecom service
industry is contributing around 3% of the total GDP generating one
crore jobs directly or indirectly. Small businessmen and vendors
have witnessed nearly 25% rise in their businesses owing to
uptake of mobile phones [4]. Mobile users experience reduced
costs not only associated with doing work – like travel, discovering
prices etc. but also on their ability to co-ordinate with
the people they work with, working over larger
geographical areas and avoiding the use of
intermediaries in their transactions.
Though still there is a huge divide between urban and
rural India, rural teledensity being below 15%. But
competition will slash the call rates and handset costs,
enabling more people to be equipped with this
technology. Alternate energy sources like solar
energy is being introduced to power up mobile
phones. However, issues like education need more
involvement on the part of the government.
What about urban India? Right, we must address this too, as there is a
probability of (100-)%, with being an arbitrarily small number, that the
reader is going to stay in a city. In urban sector the rise in mobile phones
is also augmented by other wireless technologies, the most common
being wireless broadband internet connectivity based on third
generation (3G) Wi-Fi or, Wi-MAX standards. Thanks to the shopping
malls, radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled tags are now a part
of our day-to-day life. People are sharing with Bluetooth, wireless
sensors are all around us. More than two hundred FM radio stations are
in operation, revitalizing the radio culture. Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India (TRAI) is trying to ensure that the fourth generation
(4G) services, designed to enable high speed Internet any-time any-
where, do not meet unnecessary delay like 3G. The new 4G networks
will allow users to stream mobile multimedia, such as TV broadcasts and
online games, with speeds up to 10 times than that of 3G networks.
Wireless all the way Tomorrow's India is unthinkable without mobile
and wireless technology. Mobile banking, ticketing, maps, e-
mail, search - wireless offers endless; defense, tactical,
rescue, exploration, navigation - wireless is unparallel. If
India needs to emerge as a superpower, let me just quote
Guglielmo Marconi, co-inventor of wireless with Sir Jagadish
Chandra Bose - "It is dangerous to put limits on wireless".
3
 NIT DURGAPUR
AI : past, present, future
CAN MACHINES THINK ? In 1950 THE PRESENT DAY
Alan Turing, considered by some the
father of modern computing,
published a paper in which he
proposed that, "If during text-based
conversations, a machine is
indistinguishable from a human, then
it could be said to be thinking and
therefore can be attributed with
intelligence. He predicted that a
computer will pass a 'TURING TEST' by
the end of the century. The Turing test
is a proposal (introduced by Alan
Turing) for a test of the machine's
ability to demonstrate its intelligence.
It proceeds as follows: a human judge
engages in a natural language
conversation with one human and one
machine, each of which tries to appear
human. All participants are placed in
isolated locations. If the judge cannot
reliably tell the machine from the
human, the machine is said to have
passed the test and hence posses
artificial intelligence (AI). That hasn't
happened yet but the question
continues to provoke and inspire. AI
must be just around the corner or it
might be centuries away. So this article
is not about 'how artificial intelligence
is achieved' or 'how it is instilled in the
machines' but it is just to let you know
of the unexpected achievements and
advancements in the field of AI.
THE PAST
The first concrete advancement of
artificial intelligence was delivered by
Aristotle in 5th century, 'the syllogistic
logic' was the first formal deductive
reasoning system. Then in late 15th
century, the first modern measuring
machine was invented, the CLOCK.
The true driving factor of AI came in
1940's with the creation of electronic
computers. We all know 1967 as the
'summer of love', in same manner 1956
was the 'summer of AI'. Around this
time John McCarthy (known as the
father of AI) stated AI as "the science &
engineering of making intelligent
machines".
4
From 1993 untill the turn of the
century, AI has reachede some
incredible landmarks. Some of the
basic achievements of AI are :
In 1995, the VaMP car drove an entire
158 kms racing track without any help
from human intelligence. In 1997, the
first computer, named DEEP BLUE beat
a world chess champion. In 1999, the
humanoids robots began to gain
popularity. Some humanoids were
designed also with the ability to walk
around freely.
NAVLAB was a truck that could drive
along a road at 55 mph in normal
traffic.
In present day we have robots
possessing extremely great
applications of artificial intelligence
which have created the revolution.
HRP-4C : It is the new Japanese
humanoid robot that is a supermodel.
5 feet tall, dark haired, look-like a cute
Japenese girl between the age of 19-
29. Unlike the average Japanese
woman, however, HRP-4C has 30
motors in her body that allow her to
walk and move its arms (somewhat
loudly and awkwardly) and 8 facial
motors for blinking, smiling, and
expressing emotions akin to anger and
surprise.
The walking talking girl-bot has made
her debut catwalk at a Tokyo fashion
show recently a few weeks back. This
amazing robot can be sold for about
$200,000 soon.
BEAR : BEAR is the VECNA's battle field
extraction-assist robot. A life-size
humanoid robot that searches for and
rescues people.
Linux camera
The cameras used by the Google books library and Google Street View
services to acquire images of book pages and street views, were produced by a
small Utah-based company called Elphel, Inc. They were launched at the Lunar X PRIZE
- Pranav Sharma
IT, First Year
BIGDOG - THE MULE : Boston
dynamics have created BIGDOG - the
robotic pack mule which according to
them is "the most advanced
quadruped robot on earth". It can
carry 4 infantry backpacks while
keeping it's balance over different
terrains i.e. over mud, slippery snow,
rocks, hill etc. It has 4 legs and stands
about waist height, capable of
carrying 75 kgs.
MAHRU-Z : Mahru-z is a domestic
robot maid. Researchers of KIST have
made this domestic
robot which can
p e r f o r m a l l
household tasks like
do laundry, delivering
a fruit basket, turning
on a microwave oven,
handling a sandwich
etc. It stands 1.3 mts
tall and weighs 55
kgs. It is a last
generation robot
with a pair of legs,
visual capabilities to
observe objects and people,
recognize tasks & execute them.
Another strength of MAHRU-Z is that it
is autonomous, as it can navigate
through rooms unattended using its
visual sensors and pick up the things
on the way.
GOTTINGEN ROBOT : This is a robot
that learns best to move on its own.
Central pattern generators (CPGs) that
automatically control breathing &
movement are found in many animals
including humans. The Gottingen
scientists have designed this robot to
use a single CPG that automatically
chooses and switches gaits. To do this
sensors are installed in the and are
programmed to learn through
experience. For ex. a robot can learn how
to use as little energy as possible when
walking up a slope. When it reaches hill,
it's sensors tell it to lower its energy and it
does so by finding a less energy
consuming gait. The next time it
attempts to climb a slope, it will
automatically know which gait to switch
in a particular situation.
THE AI FUTURE
There has been a lot of discussion
concerning the philosophy of Artificial
Intelligence and it's future role in our
small and getting smaller world. With
the Internet and the PC becoming so
commonplace people are now asking
the question "What next?"
Well, Artificial Intelligence about to
become a real force in our technological
evolution. There has been so much
WWW
v2.0 -
It was exactly 21 years ago that scientists
at CERN, Switzerland, developed a data
sharing system that blossomed into the
world wide web and ushered in a
worldwide communication revolution.
Now, the Internet could take the
backseat as an even bigger communi-
cation tool is ready for use.
With domain names in Hindi, Arabic and
Chinese set to become a reality on the
Web, the pundits in this science hub of
Switzerland, where the internet was
arguably invented, claim the next giant
leap towards internationalisation will be
the grid, which is just weeks away from
powering up. The Grid computing
system that has been developed at
CERN, again will take the three Ws to its
next level and could alter the rules of
communication forever.
The grid, which is made of thousands of
E1
1987 - 1991
Experimental Model
Realizing Rapid Two-Legged Walking To achieve a fast walking pace, it was necessary to study how human beings walk
development and change in the last 10
years that it is hard to believe how far
we have come but there is going to be
another technical revolution going on
and it will be about AI.
The Holy Grail of AI
The holy grail of AI is to create machines
that can truly mimic the human brain in
the way it thinks, responds and
interacts. Whether or not this can truly
happen is really unclear and a subject of
intense debate. But one thing is
becoming very clear: The hardware is
starting to catch up to us.
If you take all of today's computers and
sum them together you will end up
with the equivalent intellectual power
of 1x1017x flops/sec, which is what one
human brain is capable of processing.
Sounds like us humans are in good
shape from the perspective, right?
Wrong. With computer power
increasing exponentially and doubling
every 18 months or so computers are
catching up quickly. At the current rate,
it will be approximately 2021 when
grid
desktops, laptops, supercomputers,
data vaults, mobile phones,
meteorological sensors and
telescopes will start work when
protons beams collide with each other
in the worlds biggest experiment ever
inside a deep tunnel here on the
French-Swiss border.
It is a revolution, say scientists of the
European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN) because it uses the
internet but is not the internet. Using
cloud computing, the grid will combine
the computing resources of more than
100,000 processors from more than 170
sites in 34 countries and will be
accessible to thousands of physicists
globally. The scientists claim it will
change the way the information
superhighway works. Small computer
grids similar to power grids have been
anveshan
computers will have the equivalent
processing power of all humans on
this planet combined!!
Can true AI ever be accomplished?
With all that processing power should
we make plans for machines to
replace humans as the most powerful
creature roaming the earth? Well,
certainly not in our lifetime and
perhaps never. There are numerous
reasons for this. The biggest
argument against developing true
machine intelligence is the argument
of evolution. Machines have not
undergone the rigors of survival for
millions of years the way humans
have. The way we interact, think,
respond and adapt are all
developmental phases that are
critical our intellectual dominance.
This process hundreds of millions of
years to evolve and the failures along
the way are critical to our ultimate
intellectual capacity and will be a
major hurdle in our efforts to develop
a truly artificially intelligent machine.
- Amit Pandey
ME, Second Year
WWW
in operation for some time.
Till now, a giant grid was considered
something of a pipe dream. Its
implications are enormous. Imagine
several million computers from all over
the world, and owned by thousands of
different people. And imagine if these
PCs, workstations, servers and storage
elements can all be connected to form
a single, huge and super-powerful
computer. This sprawling,
global computer is
what the grid will
be!
5
 a giant leap for mankind
What began
as a simple
"small heads
with big
dreams"
(courtesy:
NewsLine),
today it
provides the atlas to the moon. Yes I am
talking about Chandrayaan-1 mission.
The mission was conceived as a step
forward to unraveling the mysteries of
the nearest celestial body to the Earth.
As a result of numerous general body
meetings and discussions, the
Astronautical Society of India and the
Indian Space research Organization
formed the first National Lunar Mission
task Force. Subsequently, Government
of India approved ISRO's proposal for
the first Indian Moon Mission, called
Chandrayaan-1 in November 2003.
Chandrayaan-1 was built using as
many as 11 payloads (five Indian and six
from several other nations) all
designed to perform different tasks
and in the process, amplify the
efficiency of the mission. After a series
of 5 orbit increments from the earth
(called the Earth Orbit Burns) and 4
orbit reductions (called Lunar Orbit
Reductions), the Moon Impact Probe,
one of the 11 payloads crash landed on
the moon surface. After the successful
landing of the MIP, the other
instruments were switched on and
thus began the second phase of the
first Indian unmanned lunar mission.
Expected to survive for 2 years, the
spacecraft was a bit of disappointment
as a number of technical snags
developed reduced the craft life to only
a few months after its launch. These
snags not only blurred the images sent
to the Earth but they have also
permanently disrupted any link which
could be established with
6
Chandrayaan- 1, one of the many
reasons why the project director for
Chandrayaan-1 and 2, Mylswamy
Annadurai said the mission was over.
Nevertheless, a team of scientists has
pharmacology
reviewed the mission as a successful
one as it has completed 95% of its
objectives which, apart from placing
the Indian tricolor on the Lunar surface,
were to create a 3-D atlas of the moon
and to conduct chemical and
mineralogical mapping on the lunar
surface in order to gauge the
distribution of various elements.
However, this mission has achieved
many more unassigned objectives
making India a member of the elite club
that includes the likes of USA, Germany,
UK, Japan and China. It has given India
an immense boost which has lead to
the conception of Chandrayaan-2
(proposed to be launched in 2012)
which will be equipped to overcome all
the shortcomings faced by its
predecessor in Phase two.
Furthermore, Chandrayaan-1 has given
the scientific community a lot to
ponder about as it brought evidence to
the presence of water in the moon.
This lunar mission has ignited into the
budding engineers the fuel of rocket
science. The number of students opting
for the subject has risen admirably. Two
B . Te c h A e r o s p a c e E n g i n e e r i n g
students from IIT Bombay, Shashank
Tamaskar and Kartavya Neema, are
already doing a research project on
interplanetary flight. IIT-Bombay is also
designing a micro satellite which will be
launched by ISRO's PSLV. ISRO is well
aware of this level of excitement. "The
success of Chandrayaan-1 has given a
lot of confidence to students. More now
want to be part of India's space
programme," says its chief
spokesperson S. Satish. So Be It!
- Sarda Nanda
ME, Final Year
Home Security system
AlertMe.com is shipping a ZigBee-based security system centered on a Linux-
driven Hub that includes a variety of sensors, fobs, and other devices that link up via wireless
ZigBee connections to the Hub, which in turn reports back to AlertMe.Com's servers and the customer.
weird
Printing Organs
US researchers have developed bio-
ink and bio-paper that could make so-
called organ printing a reality. So far
they have been able to make tubes
similar to human blood vessels and
sheets of heart muscle cells, printed in
three dimensions on a special printer.
While printed DNA and RNA chips
have been around for a while, they
have until now been printed in two
dimensions. Also organ printing
scientists have figured out how to
print not just molecules, but clusters of
cells. A customised milling machine
prints a small sheet of bio-paper. This
paper is a variable gel composed of
modified gelatine and hyaluranan, a
sugar-rich material. Bio-ink blots-each
a little ball of cellular material a few
hundred microns in diameter are then
printed onto the paper. The process is
repeated as many times as needed,
the sheets stacked on top of each
other.
Once this stack is the right size- may be
two centimetres' worth of sheets, each
containing a ring of blots, for a tube
resembling a blood vessel- printing
stops. The stack is incubated in a bio-
reactor, where cells fuse with their
neighbours in all directions. The bio-
paper works as a scaffold to support
and nurture cells, and should be eaten
away by them or naturally degrade.
Though it can take less than two
minutes to 'print' a sheet of bio-paper
with bio-ink, it can take a week for such
a tube to fuse. However, scientists still
need to determine more details such
as how blood vessels are formed in the
skin, because simply implanting them
might not be optimal.
Marijuana Metamorphosed
Recently researchers at the University of
Saskatchewan, Canada have discovered
that a chemical in the flower of the plant
Cannabis sativa(from where marijuana is
extracted) can induce brain-cell growth.
Besides hallucinations and other
associated symptoms, marijuana is also
capable of inducing a number of
psychological as well as physiological
disorders. According to the leader of the
group Xia Zhang, an injection of HU210,
an active ingredient present in
marijuana, can increase neuron
production in the hippocampus region
of the brain in rats. In humans this region
is associated with learning as well as
anxiety and the lack of cell growth here is
responsible for our negative emotions.
Therefore marijuana could be used to
lessen anxiety and depression that are
playing havoc with modern life. It can
improve memory, fight Alzheimer's
disease and combat mood disorder.
Green Generation
Scientists from National Taiwan
University's department of Animal
science and technology have bred three
pigs that 'glow in the dark'. The pigs are
created by adding genetic material from
jellyfish into a normal pig embryo. In
daylight eyes, teeth and trotters of these
pigs look green. Their skin has a greenish
tinge. In the dark they glow torchlight
bright by shining a blue light on them.
The researchers say that although the
pigs glow they are otherwise not
different from the rest.
The scientists will use these transgenic
pigs to study human diseases. Because
the pig's genetic material is green, it is
easy to spot. The pigs will boost stem cell
research also. For instance, if some of its
stem cells are injected into another
animal, scientists can track scientists can
track how they develop without the
need for a biopsy or invasive test.
Compiled by : Ayan Mukherjee
ECE, Second Year
Source : Science Reporter
E2
1987 - 1991
Experimental Model
Realizing Rapid Two-Legged Walking To achieve a fast walking pace, it was necessary to study how human beings walk
gadget gyan anveshan
of different displays, the integration is
Hydrogen Rulz!
Hydrogen powered phones might be seamless. We'll have to pay about only
the next big thing. French researchers $ U S 6 , 0 0 0 t o e n j o y s u c h a n
will probably announce by next year extravaganza !
that a hydrogen fuel could be used as
backup power source for mobile
communications, letting users have
some independence from electricity
supplies to charge up their phones.
Finally some greener solution for
saving electricity.
Droid
Handset manufacturers have struggled
to keep up with the iPhone's power in
the market, but Motorola has come
close with its Droid Smartphone. The
Dual-screen laptop
device, powered by the Google
This year has given rise to the netbook,
Android mobile operating system, is a
stripped-down versions of laptops
rectangular handset featuring a touch
relying on cloud-based software to
screen that nearly fills the device to its
minimize the amount of hard space
edges, a QWERTY keyboard, a 3.5mm
needed. Now an Italian company is
headphone jack and a button for the
taking that concept a step further,
five-megapixel camera. The Android
removing a keyboard altogether to
software also features an onscreen
create a dual-screen laptop.
keyboard with
It's essentially two touch-screens
Facebook
hinged together, and is marketed
integration
towards graphic designers, students
and a number
and eBook readers. Using a
o f s y n c
touchscreen keyboard may seem out
adaptors Its
of place on such a large device, but
sleek design,
based on the hype this upcoming
along with a variety of innovative
device has generated it's a sure bet
features, makes this gadget one of the
tech fans will be quick to adapt.
most advanced Smartphone on the
market
Alienware Curved Monitor
Thanks to Dell now we have one of the
most technologically advanced, and
largest, screens available. The curved
monitor boasts a massive 2880x900
resolution with a 48-inch diagonal,
mimics peripheral vision and has an
astounding .02-millisecond response - Astha Tiwari
time. The LED illuminated screen uses EE, Second Year
rear-projection to obtain such a wide
display. And while the monitor actually
works by stitching together a number
7
 NIT DURGAPUR
IP Spoofing
In today's world, you can hardly trust
any other fellow human being in the
society blindly. Well, the same holds for
your computer also, and its society, i.e.
the network of computers - the
internet in a broader sense. Your smart
computer may easily be the victim of
another of its own kind, run by some
mastermind, intelligent enough to
make it appear as nothing but another
idiot box. And guess what! You won't
have any idea about it!
As soon as your computer is connected
to the internet, it has to follow some
rules of this society, called the internet
protocols, to survive there. But wait!
There are rule breakers as well, and
they CAN manage to break the rules
and get away with it without being
caught.
An Internet Protocol Address (IP
address) is a numerical identification
(logical address) that is assigned to any
device participating in a computer
network for communication between
its members. The IP address is different
for each participating device in the
network. Although IP addresses are
stored as binary numbers, they are
usually displayed in human-readable
notations, such as 208.77.188.166 (for
IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1
(for IPv6).
( In the IP header the first 12 bytes
(
(
( modify these addresses, specifically the
Criminals have long employed the
tactic of masking their true identity in
the human society. The internet too, is
not free from such criminals. IP
spoofing is one of the most common
forms of on-line camouflage. In IP
spoofing, an attacker may gain
unauthorized access to a computer or a
8
- Jayita Bhattacharya
CSE, Third Year anveshan
network by making it appear that a target machine while his machine itself broken down into which has a spoofed
malicious message has come from a
trusted machine by "spoofing" the IP
address of that machine.
is pretending to be the same. Finally, a
connection attempt is made to service
that only requires IP address-based
smaller packets at the
source in a particular
sequence and joined
address and seems to
come from the trusted
machine to the target.
Online Footprint
The Internet Protocol, or IP, is the main authentication. If successful, a together at the If the attacker is able to
protocol used to route information connection is established with the destination in the correct guess the sequence
across the Internet. This information or target. order, with the help of 32 number correctly, then Now if you have read the earlier edition of this magazine you
data is transmitted in the form of How to spoof the IP source address? bit sequence numbers. the target system will would already know the term "ego-surfing". Ego-surfing or
packets. This packet or datagram is sent In internet, the most well-known To get the target accept the connection ego-googling (as you might know it) is the act of searching for
over the Internet in a connectionless method of authentication is the system's sequence and a trust relationship yourself on the internet. Through what we do on the internet
manner. An IP datagram carries enough username-password system. However, number, the attacker will be established. every day we leave a footprint, ego-googling would let you
information about the network, to get there is another form of authentication, records the sequence So now you know that find out the footprint that you have on the web. Whenever you
forwarded to its destination computer; known as the trust-relationship form in number of the last not only you, but your sign up on a website, leave a comment on your Facebook or
it consists of a header followed by bytes which the IP address of the client packet sent by the target innocent computer Orkut , participate in a forum discussion, as a matter of fact do
of data. The header contains system (any device in the network system. Once the can also be the victim of a anything interactive on the web you leave a trace. Using these
information about the type of IP requesting service from some other attacker knows the last false trust-based seemingly unimportant traces one can build your profile. With
datagram, how long the datagram device, called the server) serves as a sequence number of the relationship! And to be the increasing use of the internet and the more and more
should stay on the network, special flags proof of authenticity. Here, the remote target system & the honest, the outcome is interactive activities you can do on the net these loosely
indicating any special purpose the host matches the IP address of the Route trip time or RTT no different. It cannot scattered pieces of information can lead to trouble if not
datagram is supposed to serve, the client with a predefined list of IP's who (time taken by a packet identify the attacker managed properly.
destination and source addresses, and are allowed access. If there is a match, to travel from the source behind the mask and If you want to try it for yourself do the following:
IP Header then the client is allowed to the destination), he believes it to be its 1. You obviously know the person's name and maybe a few
access EVEN WITHOUT A can actually predict the trusted friend from the other details like school/college etc. Get on Orkut and
PASSWORD. next sequence number, society. As a result, it Facebook and search for the person, there you will get some
Exploiting trust which involves a lot of ends up allowing access more information about the person. Stuff like school, college
relationship very quick calculations to some other device in etc. even if the information is not stated directly you can an
Step 1: Detecting a and of course, the grey its world that can go to idea from the "communities" page of the account.
trusted system- Here, the matter of the attacker! any extent in ruining it 2. Then search the name on Google, chances are you will get
attacker finds out the Step 4: Actual attack - totally. many returns, sift through them to hit upon the right result.
system with which the The attacker sends a Limitations : This result is likely to give you some more details about the
target usually establishes a packet with the spoofed Switches with the IP person. Then you go for search terms like
trust relationship based on IP address (IP address of Source Guard feature "name+schoolname", "name+collegename" where you put in
several other fields, as shown in Figure. authentication by IP address, i.e. the trusted system) to match the MAC address the name of the person and the name of the school/college.
without a password- username based the target system and of the host, (which can't 3. There are certain things that you should never leave on the
contain various information about the verification. requests for a trust be changed) with a internet on a forum or a publicly accessible page, things like
packet. The next 8 bytes (the next 2 Step 2: Blocking the trusted system - relationship to be D y n a m i c H o s t your phone number or more importantly your landline
rows), however, contains the source The trusted system i.e. the Friend must established. Configuration Protocol number. Landline numbers in India are very easily traceable to
and destination IP addresses. Using one be blocked throughout the process of The target responds to (DHCP)-assigned the house address, Searching with various other queries like
of several tools, an attacker can easily spoofing its IP address, so that it can't this packet by replying d y n a m i c o r "school name+batch year+class" etc. might take you to a list of
respond to the data packets sent by the with an ACK packet administratively the students in that batch, maybe an alumni site where phone
"source address" field. target system. One method of addressed to the Friend assigned static IP numbers are listed.
The attack : achieving this is by using up all the and as it has been address. Packets that do Now, my real reason behind telling you about all this is not
IP-spoofing consists of several steps. memory of the friend, by flooding it disabled, it's not able to not have the correct IP that you can go and search for people. With this information
First, the target host i.e. the target with enough data packets so that it respond and as a result, source address for that try searching for yourself on the web, take a
computer is chosen. Then the particular doesn't have any chance to interact this packet gets particular MAC address computer that you have never used or clear
member in the network is chosen with the target (Denial of Services discarded. are dropped, thereby cookies in your own, then delete all the
whom the target trusts, let's call it the Attack). After a certain time has limiting the ability of information that you don't want to leave on
Friend. The Friend is then disabled and Step 3: Getting the Final Sequence passed, the attacker hosts connected to such the web.
impersonated by the attacker, who Number & Predicting the Next ones - All sends an ACK packet to a switch to send a packet Atri Roy
makes sure that it cannot connect to the data being transferred on the net is the target machine with their neighbour's IT, Third Year
address.
ICOP eBox 430
This looks at a small, silent, inexpensive PC based Via's slowest, lowest-powered chip.
The Icop eBox-4300 is small enough to piggyback on VESA-compliant monitors,
E3
1987 - 1991
Experimental Model
9
yet actually performs well enough under Linux for desktop use. Realizing Rapid Two-Legged Walking To achieve a fast walking pace, it was necessary to study how human beings walk
 step aside :
NIT DURGAPUR
What is MEMS Technology?
Whenever we enter a factory, machine
lab or when we see huge machines,
sometimes even larger than a room,
we wish - if only they could've been
smaller. We imagine machines
imperceptible to the human eye,
working machines no bigger than a
pollen grain? But imagine thousands
of these machines batch fabricated on
a single piece of silicon, for just a few
pennies each? Imagine a world where
gravity and inertia are no longer
important, but atomic forces and
surface science dominate and all our
situations for ideal equations are
fulfilled? Yes! Scientists have not only
conceptualized
this but have
also realized
these at various
places. Living in
this century of
miniaturization
where we have
computer the
size of a pen, we are surrounded by
some extremely efficient but tiny
contraptions some of which have
saved our lives at difficult times. Most
of us have wondered how our airbags
fire up whenever we have a car
accident. The answer of such
questions lies in the micro domain, a
world created by the extraordinary
technology known as MEMS. A world
of challenge and opportunity, where
traditional engineering concepts are
slam dunked, and the boundaries of
realm of the "possible" extend into
"impossible".
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
(MEMS) is integration of mechanical
elements, sensors, actuators, and
electronics on a common silicon
substrate through micro fabrication.
10
A company called Fiire is shipping a home automation, media control, and security system based on the open source
MEMS is here
- Astha Tiwari
EE, Second Year if only radios could think
While the electronics are Imagine a world where trunking of calls allocation, or control signals'
fabricated using integrated at a telecom exchange centre becomes transmission because frequency
circuit (IC) process a nostalgia, call waiting on any wireless multiplexed signals can be easily
sequences (e.g., CMOS, communicating system becomes a separated by filters. This makes
Bipolar, or BICMOS shadow in retrospection, wireless spectrum a still more coveted resource
processes), the communication channels give to ensure maximum users each suitor
micromechanical unlimited data rates (in excess of a few gets maximum bandwidth in the switching to themselves, OR to not
components are fabricated Mbps) - efficient wireless connectivity spectrum to channelize separately for provide them any licensed bands but
on the move. It is not far fetched, but it each user. The spectrum being such a
using compatible instead make the regulations of
still is a bit distant into the future. limited resource and communication a
"micromachining" processes licensed bands a little more lax in favor
The idea of CR was presented officially in round-the-clock requirement, certain
that selectively etch away of CR so they can enjoy much more
an article by Joseph Mitola III and Gerald frequencies like licensed bands which
parts of the silicon wafer or flexibility and regulate flow of much
Q. Maguire, Jr in 1999. may not used at all times, constitute more traffic than being confined to a
add new structural layers to
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a wireless another entity called spectrum holes. single band.
form the mechanical and
communication system in which the These holes tend to reduce the The fact today remains that Cognitive
electromechanical devices.
applications in technical world at transmission or reception parameters efficiency of the spectrum as a Radio is an area offering still vast
Microelectronic integrated are changed to communicate efficiently resource. scopes of research for all the value of
present. In biotechnology, MEMS and
circuits(IC's) can be thought of as the without interfering with licensed users. Now to define CR in layman's terms: A the paradigm shift that it will bring in
Nanotechnology is enabling new
"brains" of a system and MEMS The main stream application of such CR constantly studies its environment Wireless Communication Technology.
discoveries in science and engineering
augments this decision-making device arises from the versatility of its through observation, learns through There remains a host of problems with
such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction
capability with "eyes" and "arms", to usage in a resource limited statistics, applies in planning, adapts a self-sustaining Cognitive Radio
(PCR) Microsystems for DNA
allow Microsystems to sense and environment. For a layman, the as planned and resumes the system and to completely structured
amplification and identification, micro
control the environment. Sensors terminology may get a bit perplexing, transmission. It can decide and choose CR networks with certain degree of
machined Scanning Tunneling
gather information from the hence, a visit to the background of a particular frequency channel during collaborative spectrum sharing. The
Microscopes (STMs), biochips for
environment through measuring factors which led to conceptualization any operation and adapt itself (either hardware requirements for a CR
detection of hazardous chemical and
mechanical, thermal, biological, of such a flexible system might be as hardware supports or as would its implementation are still
biological agents, and Microsystems software defines). It can scan the
chemical, optical, and magnetic deemed necessary. technologically a step advanced and
for high-throughput drug screening spectrum and hunt for spectrum holes
phenomena. The electronics then Of all the resources used in so is the software support. Since
and selection. communication, most important is i.e. bands temporarily not in use
process the information derived from transmission of a CR has to ensure NO
In Communications, high frequency bandwidth. Wireless communication (licensed as well as unlicensed) and
the sensors and through some decision interference to any primary user, CR
circuits will benefit considerably with uses frequency as a limited resource in accordingly select a suitable band essentially has to transmit at a lower
making capability direct the actuators advent of the RF-MEMS technology. the sense that, if a user uses a frequency ensuring that primary users' power and thus commands the need
to respond by moving, positioning, Electrical components such as f with bandwidth w at a particular transmission does not face for higher sensitivity in receiver
regulating, pumping, and filtering, inductors and tunable capacitors can geographical location, then another can interference from cognitive networks' module. Additionally, advanced
thereby controlling the environment be improved significantly compared not, use any frequency in vicinity of that transmission. A CR has thus to be network architecture will have to be
for some desired outcome or purpose. to their integrated counterparts. Thus, frequency in span of its bandwidth. accommodated to be able to switch undertaken to fulfill the Quality of
Because MEMS devices are among a wide range of frequency
the performance of communication Earth's atmosphere however follows a Service requirements for secondary
manufactured using batch fabrication bands efficiently and swiftly. CR is
circuits will improve, while the total frequency selective attenuation policy users while maintaining free but
techniques similar to those used for i.e. different frequencies are attenuated generally referred to as secondary
circuit area, power consumption and opportunistic access into licensed
integrated circuits, unprecedented differently. In all, this renders only a user, since it uses the spectrum in
cost will be reduced. bands.
levels of functionality, reliability, and group of frequencies usable for reliable opportunistic way where, availability
In accelerometers, MEMS and With all that it lacks CR provides
sophistication can be placed on a small communication which is limited and is of a channel ensures its usage. The CR abundant area for research and with all
Nanotechnology have made it
silicon chip at a relatively low cost. called spectrum. A spectrum is generally may also be provided with software the promises it holds, it is likely to pave
possible to integrate the
MEMS technologies are broadly a state owned resource and is auctioned support to compile spectrum usage the way for next generation self-
accelerometer and electronics onto a
categorized into bulk micromachining, by the governing body in a statistics of primary users for future sustaining smart technologies. The
single silicon chip costing $5 to $10.
surface Micromachining, LIGA, deep geographical location to various suitors reference and collaborative spectrum future seems bright
These MEMS accelerometers are much
reactive ion etching and integrated so that the state can ensure security of sharing as mentioned later. nevertheless.
smaller, more functional, lighter, more
MEMS Technologies. communication of the suitors from It is yet a point of discussion whether
reliable, and are produced for a
Applications unlicensed broadcasters. Most wireless CR users, i.e. secondary users should
fraction of the cost of the conventional
MEMS technology finds myriad of networks utilize frequency division be given a whole licensed band to
macro scale accelerometer elements.
multiplexing in at least some way like divide into numerous channels and - Shashank Garg
channel allocation or sub channel keep the opportunistic access and ECE, Third Year
Media Distribution System
Linux MCE distro. Built around a dual-core AMD Athlon X2-based box called the Fiire Engine, the Fiire system
E4
1991 - 1993
Experimental Model
11
also includes FiireStation thin clients and a Z-Wave-based FiireChief controller. Completing the Basic Functions of Two-Legged Walking Establishing Technology for Stable Walking
 NIT DURGAPUR
houses go green in 2050
"The most extreme eco-friendly houses of the future
reduces the environmental impact on the planet and
demonstrates how less means more quality living"
With so much attention being drawn towards the perils
of our planet and the environmental impact that a global
population is causing on natural resources, some
forward-thinking companies and individuals are
developing new ways to solve our housing needs and
the future impact to the environment once built. It
requires creative people like these to develop solutions
to solve critical issues like the ones we have to deal with
in today's environment.
Ewok-Style Tree House (1)
This Ewok-style tree house designed by Canadian
carpenter Tom Chudleigh saw the future and built it. The
wood and fiberglass waterproof exterior protects an
interior that comes equip with a working kitchen
including a refrigerator, sink and microwave and built-in
beds. However, when nature calls, then the residents
must learn to make do in the great outdoors.
Portable Martin House-To-Go (2)
Honestly, this has to be the most practical house on the
planet that is eco-friendly to the extremes. Live anywhere
and change your scenery when the mood strikes in your
own portable house. The Martin portable house-to-go is
built to the highest building standards and is
weatherproofed with NASA-approved insulation to
endure in extreme weather conditions.
Although, the living quarters are exceedingly small it
diffidently isn't cramped. The floor plan uses the space
wisely to pack as much into a small space as possible and
give its residents room enough to
breath. It comes complete with a
kitchen with sink, refrigerator and
stove, a bathroom with shower,
sink and toilet, and a roomy loft
bedroom. It also has bamboo
floors, high ceilings and large
windows to create a more open
1 rounded building will sway, and sky city
feel (3).
Dome House (4)
The Japanese are amazing engineers in both housing
A lot of interesting stuff with Google Talk can be easily integrated through 'bots' which,
12
and technology, so it shouldn't be too surprising that a
prefab home manufacturer in Japan called Japan Dome
Housing Co. Ltd., developed an amazingly energy-efficient,
extreme weather durable, Styrofoam expandable modular
igloo-shaped kit house. Oh, yes, it's true. The house of the
future that can be purchased and assembled by you and
2
two or three of your friends in just a matter of 3-days if you
work around the clock or about a week if you take your
time.
One of the advantages of using 100% expanded
polystyrene foam instead of wood or metal, is that it is rot-
proof, waterproof and termite-proof, which will
automatically save the residents potentially thousands of
dollars in future home maintenance costs. Using this
material along with the expert engineering and modular
construction provides a structure that is extremely
resistant to earthquakes, hurricanes and/or typhoons,
which providing a sense of relatively peace-of-mind that
the house has a better chance to survive the extreme
forces of nature.
The Dome House measures in at 145.86 square feet of floor
space that can continue to be expanded on to increase the
building size, just by adding additional modular building
pieces to the existing structure.
- Argha Namhata
CE, Second Year
3 building 1,000 meters (3,281 ft) tall and 400 m (1,312 ft)
4 wide at the base, and a total floor area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi).
Google BOTS
in simple English, are like virtual friends who are online 24×7 and will always
respond with a smile to your questions or requests.
sky city 1000 will it be solution to future congestion or not?
Overpopulation is a condition where an organism's would house between 35,000 and 36,000 full-time
numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. In residents, as well as 100,000 workers. It comprises 14
2009, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.10%, and the concave dish-shaped "Space Plateaus" stacked one upon
world population stood at roughly 6.7 billion. Current the other. The interior of the plateaus would contain
projections show a population of around 9 billion by the green space, and on the edges, on the sides of the
year 2050. In 2000, there were 18 megacities - conurbations building, would be the apartments. Also included in the
such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, Mumbai, São Paulo and building would be offices, commercial facilities schools,
New York City - that have populations in excess of 10 theatres, and other modern amenities.
million inhabitants. Tokyo already has 35 million, more than Since its announcement, it has garnered a lot of attention
the entire population of Canada. UN Habitat states in its from the world's architectural establishment, and was
reports that urbanization may be the best compromise in featured on CNN's This Week in Japan in 1989, and on
the face of global population growth. But this mitigating Discovery Channel's Extreme Engineering in 2003.
influence can only be achieved if urban planning is
With the completed Burj Khalifa topping out at 828
significantly improved and city services are properly
meters in December 2009, researchers have started to
maintained.
speculate that a 1000-meter building such as Sky City
Hence Some Japanese architects want to
change our approach to urban crowding. They
think we can live in the sky, and they hope to
build a vertical city twice the height of today's
tallest skyscraper that would house, employ and
entertain hundreds of people.
1000 could be possible in the next 20 years.
Sky City 1000 is a
Construction could begin only after engineers figured
possible future urban
out how Tokyo's loose, sandy soil could hold a 6-million-
super tall skyscraper
ton structure. Some parts of the sky city will be so big
project aimed at
that no factory could fabricate them, mega columns
helping put an end
would be built in situ from the ground up. To deflect the
to major congestion
high wind inherent in such a tall building, each sky city
and lack of green
tower will be constructed almost cylindrical. Even a
space in the Tokyo,
Japan metropolitan
engineers would have to design massive
area.
counterweights or active dampers on a
The plan consists of a scale never attempted.
- Sima Kumari
The design, proposed in 1989 by Takenaka Corporation, CE, Second Year
E5 Experimental Model
1991 - 1993 13
Completing the Basic Functions of Two-Legged Walking Establishing Technology for Stable Walking
 the way W Amount in words : 0.002 + e + Σ (1/2 )
iπ n

e I'm sure you're acquainted with the game where I say a word and you tell me what comes to your head; with respect to that game I say

anveshan
The alarm in Joy's head went off. However, it wasn't accompanied by any loud
ringing that would awaken a pair of badly irritated roommates, nor was there any NASA. In all probability, your response would be Space, Mars, Astrophysics, Neil Armstrong, The Greatest Practical Joke, Kalpana
sleepiness left in Joy. For the tiny alarm chip, attached to the back of his head had Chawla (RIP), etc. Some of you who have seen the title before, will correctly guess what's in my head: Randall Patrick Monroe. What
the whole story behind the title is, I'll tell you exactly two paragraphs later.

will be
produced a nerve signal to the brain, which simply caused Joy to wake up, completely.
No pealing ringtones, no floating state between sleep and awakening. “ Aha! Positronics What would you do if you graduated your high school from Chesterfield County Mathematics and Science High School, and got a
is on its way to rule the world.” thought Joy, with a lot of comfort and satisfaction. Physics degree from Christopher Newport University, and then were an independent contractor at NASA? Quite obviously, start a
webcomic series. And that's exactly what Randall Monroe did. His comic series is known as xkcd, and is available on www.xkcd.com.
The Auto-Brush covered itself with an optimum degree of toothpaste (after a Mind you, the name is supposed to written in lowercase, and if not possible, then in uppercase. “Xkcd is frown upon.”
small test of Joy's teeth to determine exactly how much paste he required) and brushed One more paragraph to go
Joy's teeth, the Auto- Change helped Joy change into clothes suited for going out in the before you'll reach the
22nd century, and after a breakfast on yeast and Vitamin-C capsules, Joy walked out of his title explanation! I'm sure
hostel. He had decided to go home this weekend, for the 150 years celebrations were you're excited and
starting off next week, and perhaps he won't have any chance to return home then. anxious! So am I!
To go home, as we all know, one's first got to go to City Center. And most obviously, So what is xkcd about?
Joy doesn't have to climb walls and walk a few miles to do so. For the College has recently introduced the Air Current Service for free, Quoting the site, it's “a
webcomic of romance,
easy and fast transportation. Actually the thing is like this: About a hundred metres above the college campus, a gigantic air-current has
sarcasm, math(s), and
been created that moves about in an enormous circle around the campus, deriving the energy to do so from the atmospheric moisture
language.” If you're fond
itself. You've just got to step into it, and get down at your stop a few split seconds later. However, Joy doesn't have to get down; he's got of spirit-uplifting stories,
to step into the larger City Air Current that circumnavigates the entire city of Durgapur. Three seconds later, at City Center, Joy looked awe-inspiring art,
out. The crowd outside the Amphibus seemed a bit too much, and Joy decided against it. He decided to get down from the Current at motivating quotations, and you're still reading this article in faith of some ray of hope emerging and enlightening this piece blasphemy,
Durgapur Station. I'd suggest you to turn the page... and of course, never visit the site. Randall draws stick-figures (for those of you who don't know what
At the station, the fat and grumpy looking man behind the ticket counter (Thank God they still have real humans somewhere!!!!) it is: remember playing hangman and drawing a circle and certain connected lines faintly resembling a human being with a HUGE
asked him his destination. Joy replied. head? That's a stick figure), exercises a no-limits-or-boundaries policy, and writes whatever – I repeat – whatever comes to his head!
”Ordinary yaa Maglev?” the man behind the counter asked Joy. There are a few clips of his work below, which you can check out and roll over in laughter if you're smart, or just stare and wonder at
Joy contemplated for a moment, and replied “Maglev”. He loved the maglev trains, not because they take very little time (as the what the 'punch-line' was if you're dumb.
Ordinary trains are not exactly what you would call slow, averaging between 150 to 200 km an hour), but because they were just so Okay, if you're still reading, you should like the story behind the
much fun, floating mid-air under the repulsive effect of like magnetic poles attached to the wheels and metres above the tracks, as title too. A fellow customer at Verizon had been facing problems
though the gigantic train was flying. at Verizon's billing department. The customer had taken some
Joy Banerjee is a third year student of Positronics and Communication Engineering at NIT Durgapur. Sometime in the middle of service for
which he was
the 21st century, the positronic diode was invented; and within another fifty years, the positron, a positively charged subatomic particle
supposed to
had replaced the electron in almost every sphere of life. “Even our department was called ECE instead of PCE “, thought Joy, “Just like
b e c h a rg e d
Plasticology was once the Metallurgy Department”. 0 . 0 0 2
“There were not even carbo-nano tubes then”, Joy went on in his mind” Or even there was, hardly anybody who knew about it”. cents/kilobyte
In a world where everything, from bulletproof glass to superconducting loops that can store electric energy for future use in peak , but was
hours, the world in 2010, when no one knew about carbo-nano tubes, is truly unimaginable. Joy had learnt a bit about carbo-nano charged 0.002
tubes in class. A truly amazing product of the collaboration between man and nature, these tubes can act as a semiconductor when dollars. A
NIT DURGAPUR

coiled up, as an ideal superconductor when stretched and as a bulletproof material otherwise. recorded conversation (which I downloaded and listened to) shows that the
The train arrived, but did not stop. In fact trains in 2110 A.D. never do. If a train traveling over a hundred miles in an hour had to supervisor at the other end of the line thought there is a difference between 0.5 dollars and 0.5 cents, but not between 0.002 dollars
stop every other second, it would not have been traveling at a hundred miles an hour. It is the platform which moves. Gathering pace and 0.002 cents, and hence didn't think there was anything wrong with the billing. As a protest against this, Randall wrote a cheque to
equal to that of the train, it moves forward in the direction of the train for a few seconds, so that it appears to be static for the people on Verizon which had the amount stated as:
the platform, including Joy and they can get in without any problem at all!!!!!!! 0.002 + eiπ + Σ (1/2n)! A rendition of the
Standing near the door of the Black Diamond Express (it was pointless to go and sit, since the train would reach Howrah within cheque is shown below:
Randall is one of the few webcomic artists
half an hour at most), Joy looked out. He could not see the sky, the sky which he had read and heard so much about from his parents and
who're self-sufficient. His funds are
grandparents; it was now obscured completely by soot and dust, so he looked inside at the passengers inside the train. Not that he was
generated via donations, printed form of
any more heartened by it, for they all looked the same. In the mirror by the bathroom, Joy looked at his reflection: and all he saw was a the comics, merchandise, etc.
mask, no face, no eyes, not an inch of skin could be seen. www.xkcd.com is licensed under a Creative
And just at that moment looking at the ugly, grotesque visage staring out from behind the mirror, a feeling of misery swept over Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5
his mind and heart. And for a second, just for one small second, he felt a longing to go back a hundred years, to a time when there were License, which means you're free to copy
still a few mysteries left on earth, when questions arose in the human mind and when things were still left for man to understand. and share the comics (but not to sell them).
- Sayantan Guha, ECE, Third Year - Karn Kaul
IT, Third Year
A mathematician who is convinced that he is the differentiation operator was admitted to a mental asylum. He roamed around, scaring other patients with threats of "I'll
Two days later, the same mathematician once again came face-to-face with his nemesis......
differentiate you!!!" One day he comes across a new inmate, and proceeds with his usual threat "I'll differentialte you".
Once again, he uses his usual threat, "I'll differentiate you!!"
Contrary to his expectations, his victim remained calm and undisturbed. Flustered at this insult, the mathematician raised his voice menancingly, "I'll differentiate you!"
This time, the other patient retorted, "Did I not tell you that that I'm e^x.....??"
Still, the other patient showed no visible signs of concern. The mathematician, angered by this, shrieked, "Can't you hear?? I said I'll differntiate you!!" This time, the other man,
14 somewhat irritated, turned his head and replied, "You can differentiate me all you like..... I'm e^x..."
At this, the mathematician replied, "So what?? Today I'm d/dy!!!!!"
15
 analog network synthesis
NIT DURGAPUR
The design of an analog network be it a
filter, amplifier or voltage reference
circuit is a challenging task and can be
accomplished only by experts with a
large portfolio of skills. It requires not
only intensive knowledge, experience
as well as intution.
However design engineers are few and
automatic synthesis through computer
programming is the need of the hour.
In 1992,scientist Koza proposed
automatic synthesis(till then a dream)
through genetic programming(GP). GP
not only produced compliant circuits
according to design goals but also led
to development of more economical
networks requiring lesser network
components.
Genetic algorithms now find
application in various fields such as
image processing, robot trajectories,
TSP & sequence scheduling etc. and in
solving harder optimization problems.
Before we look into how network
synthesis through GP is done, let us
examine how such genetic algorithms
incorporate the laws of nature.
The DNA of an offspring is produced as
a result of crossover of the
chromosomes containing DNA of the
parent organism. The DNA of the
offspring might undergo mutation i.e.
a sudden change in one of the
encoding proteins of the DNA.
Crossover and mutation produce
distinct set of individuals with different
characteristics. According to Darwin's
theory of evolution only the fittest
individual survives over time to carry
on reproduction for birth of next
generation. The newer generations are
thus more fit than the previous ones.
Genetic algorithms are inspired by
Darwin's theory of evolution. In genetic
algorithms, the solutions of the
problem (typically, an optimization
problem) represents the chromosomes
and the set of all possible solutions
represents the population. The better
the solution is, the fitter it is considered
thru Genetic Programming
and more are its chances of selection to
carry out crossover to create the next
generation. With newer generations
we get better solutions.
Outline of the Basic Genetic Algorithm
1. [Start] Generate random population
of n chromosomes (suitable
solutions for the problem)
2. [Fitness] Evaluate the fitness f(x) of
each chromosome x in the
population
3. [New population] Create a new
population by repeating following
steps until the new population is
complete
1. [Selection] Select two parent
chromosomes from a population
according to their fitness (the
better fitness, the bigger chance
to be selected)
2. [Crossover] With a crossover
probability cross over the parents
to form a new offspring
(children). If no crossover was
performed, offspring is an exact
copy of parents.
3. [Mutation] With a mutation
probability mutate new offspring
at each locus (position in
chromosome).
4. [Accepting] Place new offspring
in a new population
4. [Replace] Use new generated
population for a further run of
algorithm
5. [Test] If the end condition is
satisfied, stop, and return the best
solution in current population
6. [Loop] Go to step 2
The programming code is written in
some suitable programming language
like Java, LISP etc.
Encoding of a Chromosome
Our primary task is to encode the
information pertaining to the problem
in the chromosome. This can be done
by following methods :
In binary encoding, each chromosome
has one binary string. Ex.
Chromosome : 1101100100110110
In permutation encoding, strings
contain integer values
Chromosome : 1 5 3 2 6 4 7 9 8
This is suitable in ordering problems
such as a typical travelling salesman
problem where integers denote order
of cities, in which salesman will visit
them.
In tree encoding every chromosome is
a tree of some objects, such as
functions or commands in
programming language. A function
max(x*x, x+3*y) is represented as
follows :
Tree encoding is used in GP.
Crossover
Crossover selects genes from parent
chromosomes and creates a new
offspring. Following shows example
of single crossover in different
encoding methods. In binary
encoding,11001011+11011111 =
11001111
In permutation encoding, (2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9) + (4 5 3 6 8 9 7 2) = (2 3 4 5 6 8 9 7)
In tree encoding,
Mutation
After a crossover is performed,
mutation might take place. Mutation
changes randomly the new offspring.
For binary encoding we can switch a
few randomly chosen bits from 1 to 0 or
from 0 to 1. Ex:
Original offspring: 1101111000011110
M u t a t e d o f f s p r i n g : 1
1100111000011110
Ex. of mutation in tree encoding:
After mutation, may yield
Selection:
According to Darwin's evolution theory
The best ones should survive and create
new offspring. There are many methods
how to select the best chromosomes, for
example roulette wheel selection,
Boltzman selection,
tournament selection etc.
As newer generations are
produced the solutions get
better and better to
provide increasingly
optimal conditions.
We can terminate
the run on achieving
a satisfactory solution.
Genetic programming is an extension of
the genetic algorithm in which the
structures in the population are
programs that, when executed, are the
candidate solutions to the problem.
Programs in genetic programming are
anveshan
expressed as syntax trees rather than (provided by the user as part of the
as lines of code. Ex. max function p r e p a r a t o r y s t e p s ) . G e n e t i c
shown above. Programming language programming iteratively transforms a
LISP is often used for GP, because population of computer programs
programs in it are represented in the into a new generation of the
tree form making evaluations easy. population by applying analogs of
Our preparatory step for performing naturally occurring genetic operations
GP is to provide the set of terminals ( n a t u r a l s e l e c t i o n , c r o s s o v e r ,
(e.g., the independent variables of the mutation).
problem, zero argument functions, Next task is to test the fitness of the
and random constants) and the set of programs so as to breed fitter
primitive functions(represented by programs in the next generation. This
internal node in above ex) for each is done by executing the functions on
branch of the to-be-evolved program. a simple circuit called the embryonic
For example, to evolve function Max, circuit which simply consists of inputs
the set of functions may be given as set and outputs of the particular circuit
of mathematical operators (+,-,*, /) and being designed and may also includes
set of terminals will be x, y and certain fixed components (such as
constants, say,(-5,5). source and load resistors).The circuit
In network synthesis, the terminal set generated on program execution is
provided run on a
consists of simulator
Genetic algorithms are inspired by
network (ex SPICE)
building Darwin's theory of evolution. In genetic to evaluate
components algorithms, the solutions of the problem its fitness
like resistor, represents the chromosomes and the (degree of
capacitors, satisfactio
inductors,
set of all possible solutions represents n of design
transistors the population goals).
etc. the A f t e r
functions in the circuit-constructing several generations, the evolved
p r o g r a m t r e e s c o n s i s t s o f programs will generate circuits
1)connection-modifying functions s a t i s f y i n g t h e d e s i g n g o a l s
(CMFs) that alter the circuit topology, satisfactorily and program run can be
2) component-creating functions terminated.
(CCFs) that insert components into the Network synthesis through GP has
circuit, 3) arithmetic-performing evolved networks equal or better than
functions that appear in subtrees as networks which are presently used in
argument(s) to the CCFs and specify that it requires lesser components to
the numerical value of the component, satisfy the same design goals. This
and 4) ADFs that appear in the method has to be further researched
function-defining branches and so that it can be used for commercial
p o t e n t i a l l y e n a b l e c e r t a i n manufacturing of circuits. One of the
substructures of the circuit to be drawback was the large
reused . processing time
The individual programs in the initial required which is
population are generated by s o o n b e i n g
recursively generating a program tree o v e r c o m e b y
composed of random choices of the invention of faster
primitive functions and terminals processors.

16
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Add this IM Feeds bot as your Google Talk buddy and you'll be able to read any blog or
website that syndicates content via RSS feeds. To subscribe to a website in GTalk, simply send a new IM
E6
1991 - 1993
Experimental Model
- Nikita Dutta
EE, Second Year
17
message that says "sub labnol.org" where labnol.org is the site address that you want to read inside Google Talk. Completing the Basic Functions of Two-Legged Walking Establishing Technology for Stable Walking
 NIT DURGAPUR
the n3xt gen movies online socializing - Jyotsna Karki, CSE, Second Year
& Nidhi Naik, IT, Second Year anveshan
The unprecedented 3-D success of AVATAR in early 2010, 3-D movies that takes the advantage "The value of a social network is defined on the leading economic issues of the i n d u s t r y t o e m p o w e r c h u r n
followed by the record-breaking 3-D opening of Tim of binocular vision and parallax. These not only by who's on it, but by who's day. management practices and marketing
excluded," -- Paul Saffo, a Silicon Valley In business: Social networking is activities. They are used to investigate
Burton's ALICE IN WONDERLAND in March of 2010 clearly images include two color layers in a single strip of film shown
forecaster. the smart way of not only linking future directions and revenue growth
shows the face of the new generation of movies. In the from one projector. One layer is predominately red, and the
people but also gathering knowledge of an industry. Even in the fashion
past few years, filmmakers have taken an attempt to other is predominately blue or green. 3-D glasses with one
YOU ARE about their business whereabouts. It industry, through social media, it
AS TREATMENT I’VE

recreate the 3-D space on screen one step further. With red lens and one blue or green lens were to be used in order DOC, WHAT’S WRONG
EXHIBITING SIGNS
INVITED YOU TO JOIN

has become a very effective method for becomes possible for a fashion
WITH ME? I HAVE NO MY PATIENTS’ FACEBOOK
OF ANTI-SOCIAL-
INTEREST IN MEETING OLD GROUP, I’VE SIGHNED YOU
Digital 3-D, animators can make your eyes and brain into to watch the movies. These lenses force one eye to see the FRIENDS ON FACEBOOK, OR
WEBSITE
UP FOR A POWNCE

both small and big companies waiting designer or a fashion company to

BEHAVIOR.
WRITING ON PEOPLES WALLS, ACCOUNT AND I’M GOING

thinking that they're looking into a 3-D space rather than at red part of the image and the other eye to see the blue or
OR POKING PEOPLE TO FOLLOW YOU ON
VIRTUALLY.
to reach specific people internationally generate publicity across online
TWITTER.

a 2-D screen. The end result is somewhat looking through
an opening such as a window into a real, three-
dimensional world having the characters in the scene in
the theatre with you. While the movies are nearly similar to
the older 3-D movies, but the technology is considerably
more advanced.
3-D (Three-Dimensional) or S3D film is a motion picture
that enhances the illusion of depth perception. It employs
motion sensitive picture cameras to record images from
two perspectives and a special projection eyewear is used
to provide the illusion of depth. For the
This
purpose of filmmaking real,
technology
substantial characters called
doesn't
maquettes are created to figure out
corrupt the
how a 3-D character would move in a
color of the
3-D space.
finished
Both old and new 3-D movies rely on
image, and it
quirks of human vision to create the
doesn't cause
prospective scene of objects that seem
as many
to fly from the screen. Human beings
unpleasant
have a binocular vision - each eye sees
side effects as
anaglyph a different image and the brain uses
images. the slight difference in angle between
the two images, known as parallax, to
help it perceive depth combining into
a single picture. This is why people who lose their sight in
one eye have trouble judging distances.
Anaglyph images were the earliest method of presenting
green part. Because of the differences between the two,
brain perceives them as one image with three dimensions.
However, because of the use of color-filtering lenses, the
color of the final image isn't accurate. This type of 3-D
technology has also caused some people to experience
headaches, eye strain and nausea hence wasn't so popular.
The modern 3-D movies employes the principle of Digital 3-D
that uses images to trick the vision as well. Principle of
polarization is employed instead of using difference in
colour. Polarized lenses allow only light waves that are
aligned in the right direction to pass through. In a pair of
digital 3-D glasses, each lens is polarized differently having a
90-degree difference in polarization or some of them using
different alignments of circular polarization. The screen is
specially designed to maintain the correct polarization when
light from the projectors bounces off of it. Rather than
looking a mesh of red and green, the movies that uses this
technology look normal. When viewed without glasses it
looks blurry.
A digital 3-D movie uses one or two digital projectors to
display the picture on the screen. Setups with two projectors
use one to display the picture for the left eye and the other for
the right. The light that creates each image is polarized to
match the corresponding lens. Most one-projector systems
use a special polarization switch mounted over the projector
lens. This switch is a polarized plate that allows the light for
only one of the two images through at a time. In one-
projector systems, each eye sees its image for each frame of
the movie two or three times in extremely fast succession
and the brain blends these into a seamless, moving 3-D
image. A few systems use active glasses that synchronize
themselves with the projectors using radio waves, but these
tend to be heavier and more expensive than ordinary
polarized glasses.
This technology doesn't corrupt the color of the finished
image, and it doesn't cause as many unpleasant side effects
as anaglyph images. For this reason, some movie makers
have started making new movies with 3-D projection in
mind. It's hard to predict exactly what will happen with this
technology in the future.
- Nitesh Tripathi, EE, Final Year
and demographically. Its service communities and websites to generate
attracts aggregates and assembles interest about a brand. It finds ways in
p r o m i n e n t b u s i n e s s - f o c u s e d which a brand can be promoted more
a u d i e n c e s b y c r e a t i n g v i r t u a l , effectively to customers at a global
interactive and informative meeting level, that too with minimal cost.
places. Finally, social networking offers people
In education: Many students use great convenience to conduct
social networking technologies such as business, meet new people or
chatting, text messaging, blogging and a c q u a i n t a n c e s . I t a l s o o p e n s
A social network is a social structure
v i s i t i n g o n l i n e c o m m u n i t i e s . opportunity for finding and sharing
made of individuals (or organizations)
Nonconfor ideas and information like never
called "nodes", which are tied
m i s t s - before. However like all things, nothing
(connected) by one or more specific
s t u d e n t s can be too good to be true. An
types of interdependency, such as
w h o s t e p increased amount of time spent on the
friendship, kinship, financial exchange,
outside of internet comes with consequences.
dislike, sexual relationships, or
o n l i n e Younger generations are realising the
relationships of beliefs, knowledge or
safety and value of being purposeful about what's
prestige.
b e h a v i o u r posted about them online. Whether
Social networking emphasizes rules-are on you are a student, a counsellor or
relationship initiation, often between
strangers which is possible in "social Top 10 social networking sites :
networking sites". Social network sites the
(SNSs) are increasingly attracting the c u t t i n g e d g e o f s o c i a l
attention of academic and industry n e t w o r k i n g , w i t h o n l i n e
r e s e a r c h e s i n t r i g u e d b y t h e i r behaviours and skills that
affordances and reach. indicate leadership amongst
To make the most of social networking, their peers.
it's important to fully understand the In investigation: Social
concept of social networking and how it n e t w o r k s e r v i c e s a r e
can be applied and useful to grow increasingly being used in legal
further. and criminal investigations.
In innovation: Innovation is our new Information posted on sites
column that highlights the latest such as MySpace and Facebook
emerging technological ideas that could have been used by police and
change the world, in the words of Barack university officials to prosecute the someone looking for new talent, you
Obama's election campaign. That users of said sites. In some situations, can benefit from learning
campaign itself provided evidence that the content posted on MySpace has about and using social
the tools of "we20"- the community- been used in court to determine an m e d i a i n a
driven web can really make a difference. appropriate sentence based on a responsible and
For eg. A social network called we20 defendant's. effective way.
helps people around the world to meet In industry: Social network services
up in 20 strong groups to share thoughts are also used in telecommunication

18
TRANSLATION
This is a free service from Google that helps you translate words from a foreign language into your native language.
Just add the relevant bot (e.g. hi2en@bot.talk.google.com for Hindi to English or en2hi@bot.talk.google.com
P1
1993 - 1997
Prototype Model

19
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 NIT DURGAPUR
You must have seen ripples on the
water surface of a pond, a lake, or
maybe your own bathtub. The ripples
formed out of a single point
disturbance begins in one point and
spreads out, increasing its diameter all
the time. Now if we draw a diagram
arranging the perimeter of the ripple,
one on top of the other sequentially, we
have a figure like figure (i) - a cone.
Time
Future
light
P a th of a ny cone
obje ct
S pa ce
E
P a th of light
S pa c
e time axis,
P a s t light
cone
(i)
origin is actually an event, which has a
future light cone (the set of events that
this event can influence), and a past
light cone ( the set of events that can
influence this event). Let us name this
event E. Thus, the diagram which we
now obtain is like figure(i).
As it is clear from the figure, the sides of
the cone form the path that light would
take if it left from event E (for the future
cone). Anybody that emanates from E
must follow a path that is within the
light cone (in accordance with
Einstein's special theory of relativity,
which predicts that the speed of light is
constant and the maximum speed that
can be attained by any object). Thus the
shaded area
(outside the
c o n e )
represents the
events that
c a n n o t
influence, or
cannot be
20
time travel - Saurav Mondal
ECE, Second Year
algebra + geometry =?!!! anveshan
influenced by the event E. constant velocity has a co-ordinate Have you ever tried to prove algebra looks like fig(2) to calculate the second shown.
Let us take an example. Let there be an frame whose space and time axes are formulae using geometry? Now, let's try equation. So it looks like fig(3) in normal Considering fig (3), Volume of stack =
alien ship a few light moments away tilted towards the light cone. By the and have the fun in it. view. 2 2
1+4+9+...+n2 = 12+2 +3 +...+n
2
from us. Now, let us assume that it emits relativity postulate, this situation must Two commonly taught algebraic sums Now we consider pyramid with square
a light signal and a radio wave be symmetric - the second observer are: base and height equal to side of base. It
simultaneously, directed towards the will consider himself stationary and the 1+2+3+...+n-1+n = n(n+1)/2 and is sliced from a cube of side 'b'. It is
earth. The diagram of the light cone of 1st observer's frame as 'tilted'. For 12+22+32+...+n2 = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 sliced along the plane joining EBC and
the ship is represented in figure(ii). The example, we see that in figure(iii) that Every one of us know the proof of this then along
the event F happens after event E. using algebra. But can you prove these EAB.
Volume of Fig (4)
However, in figure(iii) we find that for equations using geometry?
Since it is an observer in the blue frame, event F For that, let us consider a square of unit pyramid = Fig (6)
impossible will occur first. However, this idea side as basic unit and construct the b3/3 and
to draw and cannot be used to achieve time travel following structure as fig(1). volume of
visualize a 4 and to change past events, because in Area of fig(1) = sum of area r e s t
dimensiona whatever fashion we tilt the axes, it is of squares in each row = portion is Only those cubes whose tops are
l world, the impossible to make the events in the 1+2+3+...+n. =b3-b3/3 exposed are sliced. Some of the cubes
z-axis is future cone of E appear in the past Now, consider the =2b3/3. are sliced only once and some are
taken as the cone of E, and thereby tamper with fig(2). In this we To generate sliced twice . The cubes affected by
future events in the past!! This idea, if have the this shape, only one of the slices are all divided in
while the x extended to different sets of inertial s a m e c u t half (fig.5(a)). Considering those
and y-axes observers would cause a severe figure as according chopped only by the first slice, we find
serve as the danger to casualty, considering the fig(1) to shaded one on the second layer, two on the
space axes. fact that we would use faster than ,but let path. This results to a pyramid fig (5)(c) third layer, three on the fourth layer,
Fig (1)
Now, the light (FTL) signals. This is another u s Now slice the stack in the manner and, in the general case, n-1 cubes
reason why scientists agree on the calculate area of this halved on the nth layer. Because the
(ii)
impossibility fo achieving FTL signals, figure in different bottom half of these cubes are part of
earth is a certain distance away from the apart from the fact that it would violate manner, i.e. Area of the large pyramid, only the top half of
alien ship, and after a few moments ( say, the Special theory of relativity. Some figure = area of them remain unaccounted.
t seconds) it enters the light cone of the ideas, mostly involving the large triangle Their volume = (1+2+...+n-1)/2 = n(n-
spaceship. Thus we receive the light Schranhorst effect in Casimir vacuum, + sum of 1)/4. Since the same number of cubes
signal from the ship. However this path and quantum tunneling have come up area of are effected by second slice, total
followed by the radio waves is a little less to challenge this theory. Who wins, s m a l l volume of those half cubes double.
'inclined'. Hence the earth takes a longer and whether someday in the future, triangles Some are sliced twice ,so part
Fig (2)
time to interact with the radio waves remaining has the volume equal to
and reaches it only after (t + ∆t) = 1/2(n 2 ) + (1/2+1/2....n 2n/3.
seconds. times) = n(n+1)/2. Total volume = (big pyramid) + (top of
Now, Einstein's Special theory of Hence, 1+2+3+...+n = the halved cubes) + (remainder of the
relativity also states that the speed of n(n+1)/2 twice-sliced cube)
light remains constant for everyone – Now, for sum of squares, we = n3/3 + n(n-1)/2 + 2n/3
no matter how fast they are moving. should consider the volume = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6.
This constancy of the speed of light in concept of figure(3).
all frames means that different Here arrange 1 cube on top
observers must 'slice' space-time into layer and 4 cubes on next
space and time in different ways. This is level and nine on next
quite different from our everyday and so on.
(iii)
experience where we can agree on This looks like fig(1)
what space and time is. In particular, we will be literally able to relive our from side view. So, - S. Avinash Reddy
from the point of view of a stationary past, is something to wait and watch. we finally manage ECE, Second Year
observer, another observer moving at the shape which Fig (5)
Fig (3)
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P2
1993 0 1997
Prototype Model
21
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 NIT DURGAPUR
g lden ratio
Does the term ring a bell?? I'm certain
that for all Dan Brown fan's, it definitely
does. Because it was through his
bestseller, the "Da Vinci Code" that the
relatively obscure term "Golden ratio"
a.k.a "Divine proportion" has entered
the general vocabulary from the
obscurities of mathematics and
architectural art.
So, what is this golden ratio?? To be
exact, the golden ratio is defined as
f = (1 + )/2
Phi is the infinite non-repeating
decimal 1.6180339887 . . .
Phi, like pi, is an irrational number that
can't be expressed as the ratio of whole
numbers.
However, another easier, and more sequence does seem to pop out from a
applicable definition of the golden number of other places architectured
ratio, or phi is : if two quantities are in by Nature.
golden ratio, if the ratio between the
sum of those quantities and the larger
one is the same as the ratio between
the larger one and the smaller one. This
figure illustrates the GOLDEN SECTION,
or the geometric relation that signifies
the constant.
The golden ratio or the divine constant,
according to this nomenclature, is
hailed by many as a miraculous
occurrence, and as a symbol of nature's
aesthetic sense. The golden ratio is
often associated with another set of
mathematical numbers which too
occurs far too often in Nature's
architecture to be merely dismissed as
a coincidence - the Fibonacci
sequence. The Fibonacci sequence is
sequence of numbers, where starting
from the third number onwards, every The digits of our hands are roughly in (1.618..) in a quarter of a turn (i.e. a point
term is derived by adding up its two the ratio of 1:2:3:5 - another example of a further quarter of a turn round the
i m m e d i a t e p r e d e c e s s o r s . T h e a Fibonacci sequences in Nature.
- Rishipratim Mazumdar
ECE, Second Year
sequence is 1,1,2,3,5,8,13... and so on. A set of rectangles whose sides are two centre, and this applies to all points on
And it has been observed, that as the successive Fibonacci numbers in the curve)
Fibonacci series proceeds, the ratio length and which are composed of These were just a few of numerous many
between the successive terms gradually squares with sides which are Fibonacci instances where the Fibonaci series and
tends towards the golden ratio, baring a numbers, we will call the Fibonacci the Golden ratio appears in Nature. What
few initial exceptions. Rectangles need to be mentioned that these
1/1 = 1; 2/1 = 2; 3/2 = 1.5; 5/3 = 1.666 . occurrences do NOT render this ratio
. . ; 8/5 = 1.6; 13/8 = 1.625; 21/13 = 1.615 . with some divine nature, rather, its
. . ; 34/21 = 1.619 . . . ; 55/34 = 1.6176 . . . ;
frequent occurrence itself is a proof that
89/55 = 1.6181 . . .
it is just a product of natural selection by
Now, Nature is littered with occurrences
plants and animals, in order to maximize
of both the Fibonacci sequence as well
their adaptability to the environment.
as the golden ratio . In most species of
For instance, in the case of leaves, each
flowers, the number of petals is a
new leaf is added so that it least obscures
Fibonacci number. Similarly, in case of
the leaves already below and is least
sunflowers, the florets on the head of
the sunflower are arranged in two e: A Fibonacci rectangle obscured by any future leaves above it.
spirals, one in the opposite sense to the Hence the leaves spiral around the stem.
other, but the number of arms in the For seeds in the seed head of a flower,
spirals are usually 21 and 34, or 34 and Nature wants to pack in as many seeds as
55, or 55 and 89. Similarly, in a pinecone, possible, and the way to do this is to add
the number spirals on the surface are new seeds in a spiral fashion.
either 5 and 8, or 8 and 13 – again a As early as the 18th century,
Fibonacci sequence. The fibonnaci mathematicians suspected that a single
angle of rotation can make all of this
happen in the most efficient way: the
f: A Nautilus shell Golden Ratio (measured in number of
turns per leaf, etc.). However, it took a
long time to put together all the pieces
of the puzzle, with the final step coming
in the early 1990s. The worst kind of
angle for efficient growth would be a
rational number of turns, eg. 2 turns, or
1/2 a turn, or 3/8 of a turn, since they will
3 petals: trillium 5 petals : larkspur 8 petals : bloodroot soon lead to a complete cycle.
Mathematically, a turn through an
irrational part of a circle will never cycle,
but in practical terms it could eventually
The above diagram shows that we can
come close. What angle will come least
draw a spiral by putting together
close to a cycle? Maximum efficiency will
quarter circles, one in each new square.
be achieved when the angle is "furthest
This is the Fibonacci Spiral. A similar
away" from being a rational, and this
curve to this occurs in nature as the
ratio is best satisfied by phi. As the
shape of a snail shell or some sea shells(
Nautilus grows, it has repeated need to
figure f ). The Fibonacci Rectangles
enlarge its living quarters. Since the
spiral increases in size by a factor of Phi
creature does not change shape, rather
simply grows larger, the most efficient
way to do this is for its shell to grow in the
curve is 1.618... times as far from the
self-similar form of a logarithmic spiral.
However, this frequent occurrence of
this ratio in Nature has also led to
several misconstrued facts about its
divine nature. Euclid first showed how
to calculate the golden ratio, but his
interest seemed more that of
mathematics than visual aesthetics or
architecture, for he gave it the
decidedly unromantic name "extreme
and mean ratio". The term "Divine
Proportion," which is often used to
refer to GR, first appeared in the 15th
century works of Luca Pacioli. Calling
GR "golden" is even more recent: 1835,
in fact, in a book written by the
mathematician Martin Ohm (whose
physicist brother discovered Ohm's
law).
Whether the ancient Greeks felt that
the golden ratio was the perfect
proportion for an aesthetically
pleasing rectangle has no concrete
evidence, just as the fact that the
Parthenon or the Pyramids were built
using those very proportions does not
have much support either.
Mathematicians argue that all the
supposed evidences which are in
favour of this claim are just cases of
"make belief" - or believing what you
want to.
You never can; GR is irrational,
remember. But in the case of
measuring the human body, there is a
lot of variation. True, the answers will
always be fairly close to 1.6. But there's
nothing special about 1.6. Why not say
the answer is 1.603? Besides, there's no
reason to divide the human body by
the navel. If you spend a half an hour or
so taking measurements of various
parts of the body and tabulating the
results, you will find any number of
pairs of figures whose ratio is close to
1.6, or 1.5, or whatever you want.
Then there is the claim that Leonardo
anveshan
Da Vinci believed the Golden Ratio is
the ratio of the height to the width of a
"perfect" human face and that he used
GR in his Vitruvian Man painting. While
there is no concrete evidence against
this belief, there is no evidence for it
either, so once again the only reason to
believe it is that you want to. The same
is also true for the common claims that
Boticelli used GR to proportion Venus
in his famous painting The Birth of
Venus. Painters who definitely did
make use of GR include Paul Serusier,
Juan Gris, and Giro Severini, all in the
early 19th century, and Salvador Dali in
the 20th, but all four seem to have
been experimenting with GR for its
own sake rather than for some intrinsic
aesthetic reason.
Various other greats in other fields,
such as music and poetry have been
allegedly using the GR in their works,
but almost all of the time, these claims
were presented without any solid
proof. Apart from some isolated cases
where the artists just experimented
with the value of phi for their personal
reasons, no other deeper significance
of the number has yet been found.
Despite the lack of evidence, however,
and in some cases in the face of
evidence to the contrary, each claim
seems to attract its own band of
devotees, who will not for a moment
entertain the possibility that their
cherished beliefs are not true.
Consequently, not only is GR a very
special number mathematically - all of
its genuine appearances in
mathematics and Nature show that - it
also has enormous cultural
significance as the
number that most
people have the
greatest number of
false beliefs about.

22
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 NIT DURGAPUR
bombay blood
We all know that there are 4 types of
blood present in all individuals, after all
this was what we were taught in our
school days. But considering this as the
sole truth is a very serious
misconception which has already
claimed lives.
First of all let us know a bit about the
common and more familiar blood
types and the important blood
grouping systems.
antigen is formed. The individual will
have become sensitized to that blood
group antigen. These antibodies can
bind to antigens on the surface of
transfused RBC (or other tissue cells),
often leading to destruction of the cells
by recruitment of other components of
the immune system. It is vital that
compatible blood is selected for
transfusions and that compatible tissue
is selected for organ transplants.
Transfusion reactions involving
minor antigens or weak antibodies
may lead to minor problems. But if
the reaction is serious then it can
fatally lead to RBC destruction, low
blood pressure, and even death.
- Prashant Chhetri
BT, Second Year
blood type.
HH is a rare blood group also called
Bombay Blood group. Individuals with
Bombay Blood Type phenotype(hh) do
not express H antigen(H substance
present in blood group O). As a result it
cannot produce the A antigen
(substance A) or B antigen(substance
B) on the RBCs, whatever alleles they
may have of A and B blood group
genes. As both A and B antigen are
formed by H. Thus, we can have a
Bombay Phenotype to donate blood to
any member of ABO system but cannot
receive blood from any of them, only a
Bombay phenotype can donate to a
Bombay phenotype.
As we already know that the H antigen is
located on the surface of RBCs and is the
precursor of A and B antigens. The allele
is needed to produce a transferase
enzyme to modify the H antigen in A
antigen. Likewise the B allele is needed
to make the transferase enzyme that
would transform the H antigen into B
antigen. For type O individuals, the H
antigen cannot be transformed further
because no functional transferase
enzyme is produced to modify the
antigen. The main thing to be noted is
that antigen modification is through the
addition of complex carbohydrates into
the H antigen by tranferase enzyme.
anveshan
group is Bombay O+ve then you
should report to the nearest blood
bank. If someone needed Bombay
O+ve blood then show a good heart by
giving your blood, because Bombay
O+ve people are rare. Don't give your
blood in blood donation program
because it is not necessary that these
Bombay O+ve blood will be used toxic to certain larvae (bugs). This
within 45 days. Relatives can have bug destroys brinjal. This gene was
Bombay O+ve blood group, so find out taken out of the bacteria and
who all have the Bombay O+ve blood introduced into the brinjal plant's
group. It is good for each other to know DNA. This genetically modified(GM)
their blood group especially who are cell is allowed to grow into a plant
having Bombay O+ve blood group. and its seeds contain the code for
pest resistance. When bugs start
eating plants

A blood Group (or Blood Type) is a
classification of blood on the basis of
the presence or absence of inherited
antigenic substances on the surface of
red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens
may be proteins, carbohydrates,
glycoproteins, or glycolipids,
depending on the blood group system.
Several of these red blood cell surface
antigens that stem from one allele (or
very closely linked genes), collectively
form a blood group system.
Many pregnant women may carry a
fetus with a different blood type from
their own, and the mother can form
antibodies against fetal RBCs. These
Antibodies can cross the placenta and
cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs, which in
turn can lead to an illness of low fetal
blood counts.
If an individual is exposed to a blood
group different from his own blood
group, the immune system may
produce antibodies that can
specifically bind to that particular
blood group antigen, and an
immunological memory against that
Normally, if an A blood type mother has
an O type child; the father is expected
to be O or at least to carry O allele (OO,
Blood Compatibility Chart. AO, BO).
The Bombay Blood Type: Rarest
blood Group
If you are thinking that there are only
four types of blood group present, than
it is for that you are seriously wrong .It
can be that people having a blood type
"O" may at time of emergency or
accidents by some advanced methods
of blood tests may be declared having a
blood type which no more than a
0.004% people in the entire world
possess.
This blood type is referred as the
Bombay Blood Type(or Bombay Blood
Group). The Bombay blood group is a
rare exception to the commonly
accepted ABO blood types.
Let us go through the genetics of this
This phenotype was discovered first in
Bombay(Mumbai) by Dr. Bhende Y R.
This phenotype is present in 0.0004%
of the total world population. In
Mumbai about 0.01% inhabitants are
suspected to have this phenotype.
The Genetics Of Bombay Blood Type:
Simplified
Thus, the child inherited O allele from
both the parents.
An O blood type child can also be born
to parents, who do not possess O allele,
if a recessive form allele for antigen H
also is inherited from parents.
A Bombay Blood Group inherited the
recessive form of allele of H antigen from
each of his parents. He carries
homozygous recessive (hh) genotype
instead of homozygous dominant (HH)
or heterozygous (Hh) genotypes of ABO
blood group. As a result of it H antigen is
not expressed in RBCs surfaces,
consequently A and B antigens are not
formed. The ultimate result is an O
phenotype by default, since a lack of A
and B antigens is the O type. This
seemingly impossible phenotype is
referred as Bombay phenotype.
Compatibility for Blood transfusion
(Bombay Blood Type)
People of Bombay Blood Type produce
antibodies against H,A and B antigens to
protect themselves. Since they have
antibodies against H,A and B antigens,
they can only receive from other Bombay
Blood type. Receiving from ABO blood
group can be fatal in this case.
In past also patients with blood group O
by ABO test, died as doctors failed to test
them for Bombay Blood type.
The thing is, people having this blood
group are very less in population. It
doesn't mean that these people are
having any disease or it's the symptom
of any disease. This thought is absolutely
wrong. If you come to know your blood
Food of
F U T U R E
The scenario of the future food will
be totally different. Sweet potatoes
may be more sweet, vitamin A
content of rice may be more higher
etc. It is going to take place by the
genetic engineering. All the
properties of a living entity are
encoded in its DNA, which is
contained in the nuclei of its cells. The The environmental concern is about
DNA is a long, double-stranded
molecule with its constituents
arranged in a particular order.
Segments of this DNA, called genes,
perform specific functions like making these issues, long range or chronic
a protein or regulating a chemical
process. We can find out which gene
is performing what function and
according to the need we can transfer
gene from plant to plant or from plant
to bacteria we can prepare a desired
product for example , BT(Bacillus
thuringiensis) has a gene that directs
the production of a protein, which is
grown from
these seeds
they die,
saving the
crop.
There are
some
challenges
also. One
concerns its
health effects and the other,
environmental consequences. GM
foods are now routinely tested for
direct harmful effects (toxicity),
causing allergies (allergenicity ), and
gene transfer to body cells or
bacteria residing in the intestinal
walls.
the inserted gene "going wild" , that
is, getting transferred to other plants
in nature. Such transfer does take
place through pollen flows. In all
effects have not yet been obtained
and this has led to caution being
exercised in use of GM crops.
- Ravi Prakash Singh
BT, Third Year

24
KINDLE
The Amazon Kindle uses tiny microcapsules filled with white and
ASIMO
2000 -
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25
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 and for the scholars ...
National Scholarship for Persons with Disabilities
l Scholarships to students belonging to SC/ST/ Physically
Indian students with at least 40% disabilities certified
as per definition under Persons with Disabilities Act
1995.
Five hundred awards that range from Rs. 400 to 1,000
per month to be given annually through institutions,
depending on the study undertaken. Also course fee is
reimbursed to a maximum of Rs. 10,000. Facility for
accommodation is also offered, subject to conditions
www.socialjustice.nic.in
National Merit-cum- Means Scholarship Scheme
l and subjects.
Meritorious students from low income families,
securing a minimum of 80% of marks in 10+2 pattern or
equivalent and not belonging to the creamy layer as
defined by the Dept. of Personnel and Training
applicable to all categories of students both
&quotgeneral" and &quotreserved&quotparental
income-ceiling is Rs. 4.5 lakhs per annum 82,000
scholarships annually (41,000 for boys and girls each) is
awarded for graduate/postgraduate studies in
colleges/universities for professional courses (Medical,
Engineering etc) Rs. 1,000 p.m. at graduation level for
first three years Rs. 2000 per month at Postgraduation
level and those pursuing professional courses would
get Rs.2,000 p.m in 4th and 5th year.
www.education.nic.in/scholarship
Post-matric scholarship for students belonging to
l (who) you are going to apply. This is
Scheduled Castes for studies in India
Annual income ceiling of Rs. 1,00,000 for students
belonging to Schedule Castes who are willing to pursue
post-secondary courses in recognised institutions.
Full maintenance allowance and full fee for all courses
annual study tour charges of Rs. 1,000 thesis
typing/printing charges of Rs. 1,000 etc.
www.socialjustice.nic.in
Indian Oil Academic Scholarships
l Mahindra Education Trust promotes education mainly
Bright students selected on merit-cum-means basis
pursuing full-time courses in different streams in
recognized institutions age should be between 15 and
30 years
Awards 450 Scholarships for meritorious students of
10+ / ITI, Engineering, MBBS and MBA all over India and
zone wise Rs. 2,000 per month for 4 years in case of
Engineering & MBBS 2 years for MBA courses and Rs
1,000 per month for 2 years in case of 10+ and ITI
courses www.iocl.com
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd ( NTPC)
l Studies in Engineering, Geology, Geophysics & MBA.
26
Atom processors and the Intel-sponsored Moblin.org Linux stack are finally starting to arrive.
abc
to foreign internship
- Amit Pandey - G. Praveen Kumar
ME, Second Year
CSE, Final Year
An internship abroad is just a waste of time if you First Paragraph - Introduce yourself.
l
Challenged categories pursuing full time degree course are not interested in Masters or Doctoral studies. Second Paragraph - Why you are interested in his/her work. This is
l
in Engineering. Trust me people, an internship isn't a necessity to why you had to read through professor's profile.
get a job but it definitely adds value to your Third Paragraph - Your credentials that make you suitable for this
l
lJN Tata Scholarships for higher studies abroad resume, some exposure and little work internship (Project, paper, etc.)
The JN Tata Endowment was set up in 1892 by the experience. Last Paragraph - Conclusion
l
founder of the Tata group, Jamsetji N Tata, to encourage What is the right time to start ? Copy paste your resume after you signature - Most professors don't
l
young people to take up higher studies at some of the For people in the 3 rd year of their have time to download and to glance through your resume. So
best universities in the world. It is the first Tata undergradutation, the best time to start would make things easy for them.
benefaction in the field of education. The scholarships be around August - September. The process Send error free emails !
are awarded for higher studies abroad in all disciplines should begin this early because you are going to
www.dorabjitatatrust.org
start from the scratch. Avoid these common mistakes:
Next, you should have chosen three fields of Send personalized email to every professor. Never use 'Cc' and 'Bcc'. If
7 TOEFL Scholarships-last date 31 March
l
st
your interest. The interest generally comes from you aren't ready to spend time with professor's profile then how do
Educational Testing Service has developed the TOEFL
consultations with your professor and your initial you expect him to spend time on yours?
Scholarship Program to recognise students with
work with him if any. So just feel free to have a No spelling and other careless mistakes. Proof read every email before
excellent academic background as part of ETS' global
mission to advance quality and equity in education. chat with him (there are lot of exceptions to this, you send.
Indian citizens planning to pursue their postgraduate let us not talk about that here).
Never forget attachments.
studies abroad can apply for the seven scholarships. You Otherwise, read some research
Follow up your emails; A professor
need an overall percentage of 60 and above to apply, papers in fields you like. But,
remember in the 5th semester you usually get hundreds of emails for
your proficiency in the English language should be
reflected in your TOEFL scores. wouldn't have had exposure to your internships and so they have good
Three $10,000 scholarships would be granted each for subjects. Here, seniors come to your spam filters. So there is a probability
US, UK and Canada. Four $ 5,000 scholarships would be rescue. that your email is lost. So, after 15-20
offered for any university in the world listed in the TOEFL After you are done with your days, politely ask if he/she had
directory. resume, the next task is to search for
received the previous message and
www.ets.org/Media/Campaign/11616/index.html universities (professor) where
remember to include your previous
Narotam Sekharia Scholarship for postgraduate
l the first hurdle and is a really time message so that he doesn't land up
studies consuming process. It requires 8+ hours of effort searching and missing that. If you still don't get a reply, just move on
The Narotam Sekhsaria Scholarship is a merit-based loan every day. Here are some websites and ways that and do not disturb him any further.
scholarship programme by the Narotam Sekhsaria could assist you.
Foundation. Go to Google Advanced Search and customize it Where to apply ?
www.nsscholarship.net if required. Searching with the following query The best place to do an internship for 3 rd year students is Europe. The
gave me good results, "Professor's homepage in peak research goes on in Germany. So start with it, then France and
K.C.Mahindra Scholarships for PG studies abroad
l your_field_of_interest from country". Refer to Italy. After you have sent a considerable number of emails to these
Established by the late Mr. K. C. Mahindra in 1953, the K. C. 50+ search results. countries go to other European countries like Poland, Denmark etc.
http://univ.cc/ and again go to Germany and keep repeating the process till you have
by way of scholarships. It has provided more than Rs.
http://www.allaboutcollege.com/ positive replies. The maximum number of mails should be sent to
13.80 crores in the form of grants, scholarships and loans.
http://www.braintrack.com/ Germany followed by France and then Italy.
www.mahindra.com
Google directory Apart from Europe, you can also try for USA and Canada. But the
http://www.google.co.in/Top/Computers/Com chances in Europe : other countries :: 50:1. Moreover, professors from
KGISL - The Dr.GB Scholarships Foundation
l
puter_Science/ universities in USA prefer only students from IITs. A professor in USA,
The Young Talent IT Scholarship - Scholarship In
Information Technology conducted for Graduate who I had mailed to, was kind enough to tell me this. But don't be
students for higher studies in IT. How to format your email ? discouraged, no harm in trying. In the east, you can try for
This is the most important part, if you make Singapore(NUS and Nanyang), Australia and maybe Japan.
blunders here, be sure that you won't be getting This process should start by late September and keep going on. The
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
l
any replies. I ain't a pro, but I think these 5 things peak period for applying and getting offers is December-January. But
Scholarships to SC/ST students pursuing Higher
are a must. you can get offers as early as September or as late as March. It can so
MOBLIN
Mobile Internet devices (MIDs) and other small form-factor systems based on Intel
Discover could this be the next?
27
development of Asimo phase-by-phase, discover by flipping pages
 NIT DURGAPUR
do you have an SMR yet? References
happen that you have sent 100 mails and got no The times have changed....and the latest thing to catch up with the
Emerging India:
The Wireless Story
reply. Don't be disappointed because this is most technological-age that we live in are Resumes'. Presenting to you,
[ //
1]TRAI http:www. trai.
gov.in/Default. asp [2]Cellular Operators Association of India (
COAI), //
http:www. coai.
com/
likely to happen. One of my friend from IIT Madras born out of our obsession with sound and videos; Social Media
[3]A. Sarin and R. Jain. (2009).Effect of mobiles on socio-economic life of urban poor, Indian Institute of Management
got his first offer around 15th of March after sending Resume or SMR. It is a media format of your paper resume. The term
Ahmedabad, Working Paper No. 2009- 02-05.[4]TRAI (2008).Measures to improve Telecom Penetration in Rural India -
2315 emails. So retaining hope and patience is a was coined for a narrative CV where media elements such as video or
The next 100 million subscribers, Paper No. 1/2008. [5]TRAI (
2010). IMT- Advanced ( 4G)Mobile wireless broadband
must. My personal stats: I have sent around 250 MP3s created by you can do the talking,instead of simple text.
service,Pre- consultation Paper,
emails, got as low as 15 replies, two-thirds of which
//
http:www. trai.
gov.in/ WriteReadData/ trai/
upload/ ConsultationPapers/ 182/Final4Gnotice10feb10. pdf
were negative. Out of those 5 positive replies, one You can paint a completely different portrait of yourself for hiring
professor agreed to fund partially. So I chose that! I managers and customize it to reflect you as a person. If a job doesn't
Step aside:
MEMS is here
started by late September and I got the require too much tech know-how, these do a much better job than a
conformation on 26th of February. paper resume in revealing a candidate's ability to communicate [
1] //
http:www.
memx.
com/
technology.
htm [
2] //
https:www.
memsnet.
org
Getting a positive reply is the easiest part of a effectively, an essential skill for a pretty large segment of the job [
3] //
http:www.
csa.
com/
discoveryguides/
mems/
overview.
php
foreign internship. The real difficulty starts market. Another big advantage of SMR is that it can be shared. Since
afterwards. Once you get a reply, get in touch with no photocopying or faxing is required, just a few clicks and it can be If only radios could think:
somebody who is experienced, senior, professor or passed on, so make sure you insert a URL on as many networking sites [1]Ian F.Akyildiz,Won-Yeol Lee,
Mehmet C.Vuran, and Shantidev Mohanty "A Survey on Spectrum Management
anybody else. as possible. Maybe some lucky recruiter might find you!! in Cognitive Radio Networks" 2]T.
[Rappaport, "Wireless Communications:
Principles and Practice." Prentice-Hall,
2002
Funding Opportunities ? With the inclusion of various multimedia elements, sharing options,
If the professor has agreed to fund you fully, it is well integrated social networking feeds and the same elements you'd find Analog network Synthesis through Genetic Programming
and good. If not, look out for funding opportunities. in a traditional resume, you are better equipped for success. The most [1]IEEE international conference proceedings on genetic algorithms in engineering systems and evolutionary
For Germany it's DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer important aspect of a SMR is, of course, multimedia. This not just computing 1992, 1997 2]Genetic
[ programming: On the programming of computers by means of natural
Austausch Dienst), but the deadline for applying for makes your resume more interesting and colourful, but also allows selection by John R Koza
funds is usually around the end of November. your audience to see you in a more complete way than via the text
Otherwise, you can request the professor to fund format!! Keep in mind while creating your SMR : The n3xt gen movies
partially. Our college (National Institute of 1. Introductory videos of you answering basic interview questions 1]http://www.3djournal.com/001 [
[ //
2]http:entertainment.
howstuffworks.
com/
digital-
3d.
htm
Technology Durgapur, India) funds students who and talking about your achievements along with videos or MP3s of
go abroad upto a maximum of INR 25,000. In case talks or seminars you recently conducted.
you want to avail this, contact Prof. P P Gupta, Dean 2. Photos of you meeting and greeting important people from your
Research (Department of Chemical Engineering) or field. Make sure to put in audio testimonials from previous clients
Prof. G Sanyal, Dean Students Welfare (Department
of Computer Science and Engineering). The
NITDAA (Alumni of NITD) has agreed to fund INR 25,
and colleagues.
3. Your online presence is made up of social or professional
Call for a
With Regards
networking sites such as LinkedIn or Facebook profiles.Pointers to
000 to 2 students every year for their foreign
internships. If you have contacts in industry, you
can request them to fund. Again my personal
these are important if you want potential clients and employers to
get a feel of your personality and work ethics. This also allows them
LATEX Template Team MNTC
expenses: the professor under whom I did my to see your connections, giving them an idea of the type of people Final Year :
intern funded me a total of 600 Euros (around INR Nitesh, Neelkanth, Sood, Saurabh, Sunil,
you're used to working with. However, the information on such sites
40,000), INR 25000 from the college, INR 25000 from G Praveen, Vikash, Rastogi, Meenakshi,
are public and searchable. Hence make sure that anything remotely A template is hereby invited from
alumni and INR 20000 from my pocket. The Sarda, Laha, Manasa
students that can be used for
offensive is removed before linking it to your SMR.
expenses for an average living in Germany if publication of all technical papers
somewhere around INR 1,25,000 for a span of two 4.Add in words that describe you the best in the industry and sprinkle
/ doctoral thesis. It must contain
months. I am also glad to tell that I was the first these generously in your online SMR. this drastically increases the the college logo and all standard Third Year :
person to avail the funding from the alumni and chance of you being discovered by recruiters. Atri, Karn, Shashank, Sayantan, Arpit,
features like Introduction,
because of that, they have decided to fund two RP, Bharadwaj, Jayita, Dyuti
5.Whatever multimedia you include, make sure you don't overdo it. Abstract, Bibliography, etc.
student every year for foreign internship. I intend to Putting too many photos and videos will make your resume take Creativity shall be appreciated.
convey that, 'Where there is a Will, There is a Way !' longer to load.If you really want people to access additional It should be customized for use
by NIT Durgapur students. Second Year :
multimedia, simply put a link to separate pages where they can be Amit, Argha, Astha, Ayan, Sarawagi,
For any further queries or help, feel free to mail me The best template will be put up
at gpraveenkumar5[AT]gmail[DOT]com viewed (such as a YouTube account or a Flickr album). Rishi, Chhetri, Madhvi, Sima,
on the college website and will be
Natthu, Atikant, Anoop
- Harsh Sarawagi
used as a standard by all the
All the Best and wishing you all success in future ! CSE, Second Year students.

Page end info bits compiled by :

28
Madhvi, Ankit Bhargava & I. Vasu
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