Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(1)
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1
1962 ckeSpfrSm Advk fae0if; OD;aqmifjyD; ppftm%modr;f cJh pOfwHk;u zuf'&,frl tay: tjypf ajymjyD;
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bGm; wcsdK hvKS yf&mS ;rSK udk vufnSdK;xdk;jyjyD; jynfaxmifpu k cGJxGufbdk h}udK;pm;}uw,f/ jynfaxmifp}k uD; jydKuGJ
awmh r,f/ jynf axmifp}k uD; acsmufxJuscgeD; vufwurf; tvdkrSm wyfrawmfu 0ifxde;f vdkuf& w,f
&,fvdk ht"du ta}umif;jycJh wmyg? wu,fawmh zuf'&,fqdkwm jynfaxmifpu k cGJxGufbdk hr[kwfygbl;?
jynfaxmifpk zGJ hpnf;&mrSm yg0ifwJh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd ; toD;oD;&J h wef;wla&; eJ hudk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh udk zGJ h
pnf;yHktajccHOya' eJ htnD tmrcHay;wJh jynfaxmifpk wnf aqmufykH enf;emom jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh
1962 ppftm%modr;f cJhcsdeu f pvdk h zuf'&,fqw dk J h pum;vHk;udk &mZ0wf oifhatmif vkyfxm;cJhjyD; jrefrm
bmomeJ ha&;om; xkwfa0cJhwJh pmtkypf mwrf; awGrmS w&m;0if roHk;pG&J J awmh avmufatmifudk jcdr;f
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2
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a}umif; od& ygw,f? b,favmufbJ tedik f&ygap/ 2008 zGJ hpnf;yHk tajccHOya'&J habmifcyfxm;rSK atmuf
rSm jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyf a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufcGifh r&Sd/ jynfe,f tpdk;&zGJ hcGifhr&Sd/ jynfe,fw&m;ol}uD;awG cef hciG fh
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tao;pm;vSsypf pf ay;xm;jyD;/ jynfaxmifpk v$wfawmf uawmh t}uD;pm; vSsypf pfudk ,lxm;ygw,f? jynf
e,f v$wfawmfawGudk qm;eJ hqm;xGuf ypPnf;avmufom ay;xm; jyD; jynfaxmifpk v$wfawmfu a&eHeJ h
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2008 zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya't& trnfcHjynfaxmifpv k $wfawmf udk tydkifp;D jyD; ppftm%m &SifawG
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&kyfodr;f aeOD;rSm rkcs jzpfygw,f? 'ga}umifh a&G;aumufyJrG mS wdik f;&if;om;ygwD wcsdK htedik f&cJhayr,fh wdkif;&if;
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qef;pk}unf OD;aqmifjyD; trsLd ;om; 'Dru dk a&pD tzGJ h csKyfeJ hwdkif;&if; om; acgif;aqmif}uD;awGu 21 &mpk
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3
(2)
1947 ckeSpf yifvHknDvmcH wHk;u &Sr;f / ucsif/ csif; vlrsLd ;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKwJh acgif;aqmifawG &,f/
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tJonfacwfwHk;u vlrsLd ;tvdkuf udk,fpm;jyKrSKrjynfhpkaH yr,fh vGwfvyfa&; &,lvdkjcifwJh pdwf xufoefaecJh
}uwm&,f/ vufrw S fxdk;cJh}uwJh acgif;aqmifawGtay: ,Hk}unfrKS tjynfht0 xm;edkifcJh}u wm&,f wdk h
a}umifh yifvHkpmcsKyf&J hw&m;0ifcdkifrmrSKtay: tcktcsdeftxdtjiif;ryGm;cJh}uygbl;? 'gayr,fh 21 &mpk yifvHk
nDvmcHtwGuf pdkif;jyif;wJh tcktcsderf Smawmh udk,fpm;jyKrSK[m jyoem&yf}uD;wckjzpf vm ygw,f?
4
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wckudk ajz}um;&if; a': atmifqef;pk}unfu zuf'&,f qdkwJh t"dy`g,fudk vlawGoad tmif/ ra}umuf
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rwnfaqmufbl;vm;qdk wmudk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udkomru a':atmifqef;pk}unfudkyg ar;jref;oGm;
cJholyg? olom toufxif&mS ;&Sdwkef; a':atmifqef;pk}unfu zuf'&,f pum;ajymwmudkrsm; }um;
vdkuf&&if b,favmufrsm; 0rf;om&SmrvJ vdk hpOf;pm;rdwma}umifh ygbJ?
1987 ckeSpcf ef h jzpfygw,f? awmif}uD; jrdK hrSmOD;xGe;f jrifh&J htdrfeJ hrvSr;f rurf;aexdkifcJhpOf wae h
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aqmif}uD;wOD; [m eSpaf ygif;av;q,f}umvdk hjyef}unfhvdkufawmh ud, k hfa'oawmif udk,ftyk fcsKyfcGifh r&
awmhbJ tjcm;olawG vmtkycf sKyfaewmudk vrf;ab;uae ai;ajrSmf}unfhae&wJh b0rsdK; eJ htqHk; owf
ae&ygvm; qdkjyD; rcsdwifuJ a}uuGJaeyH&k w Sd Jh OD;xGef;jrifh&J hrsufemS udk woufarhbG,f r&Syd gbl;?
5
wifajrmuf vdkufoludk oufqidk f&m jynfe,f&J h0ef}uD;/ odk hr[kwf 0ef}uD;csKyf tjzpfcef hwmrsdL; r[kwfyg bl;?
jynfe,f udk,fpm;vS,f trwfawG teuf jynfaxmifpk 0ef}uD;csKyfu a&G;cs,foludkom jynfe,f0ef }uD;
tjzpfcef h &wmyg? 'Dawmh tJ'D jynfe,f0ef}uD;&J hwm0efcHrKS [m jynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,f trwfawGrSm
r&SdawmhbJ jynfaxmifpk 0ef}uD;csKyfqDa&mufoGm;ygw,f? wenf;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfuwdkuf
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1974 ckeSpf zGJ hpnf;yHkacwfudk a&mufjyefawmh ydkqk;d oGm;ygw,f? yk'fr (11) t& jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf
vrf;pOfygwD [m edkifiHawmf&J hOD;aqmifygwD jzpfw,fvdk hjyXmef;xm;wmudk tajccHjyD;jynfe,f/ wdkif;/ jrdK h e,f
aumifpD OuUXawG tm;vHk;udk rqvygwDuvlawG/ ppfAkv d fa[mif;awGudkom cef hxm; tkyf csKyfap cJh wmyg?
tck 2008 zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm awmh tqdk;qHk;ygbJ? jynfaxmifpk orRw ae&m udk ,lr,fh ppfAdkvf 'grS
r[kwf ppfAdkvfvlxGufuae jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfwm0ef,lr,fh yk*dK~ vfawGudkwdkuf&u dk f cef hxm;awmhrmS rdk h
jzpfyg w,f? wdkif;&if;om;jynfe,fawG tajccHuae oHk;oyf&if jynfe,f 0ef}uD; csKyf awGudk oufqidk f&m
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6
(3)
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avmufbJ apwem&nf&, G fcsufuaumif;jyD; trsdL;om;&if}um;apha&;udk wu,fwef;OD;wnfayr,fh ppftm
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7
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8
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rSKawG t}udrt f awmfrsm;rsm;jzpfcJhr,fh ,ae htcsderf Sm xdkif;wyfrawmfukd,fwdkif oabmxm; ajymif; aeygjyD?
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(4)
21 &mpkyifvHknDvmcHtaejzifh tav;xm;pOf;pm;oihfaomwdkif;&if;om;rsm;. b0
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9
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qdkwmrsdL;txd zdtm;ay;wmuawmh ppftm%m&SifawG&J hpdk;&drcf sufwckxJudkom xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;wm jzpf
ygw,f? xm;&Sdoihw f Jh tuef htowf/ pnf;/ abmifawG ausmfoGm;jyD vdk hajym edkifygw,f?
2008 ckeSpf zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm yk'rf 445 t& e0w/ etzvkyaf qmifcJhwmawGeJ hywfoufjyD;
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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(7)
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17
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18
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20
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21
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23
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24
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(10)
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25
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26
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