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Microsoft new baby yes I am talking about LINQ stand for
Language-Integrated Query is now available as a integral part of
Visual Studio Orcas. Microsoft releases the new Visual Studio with
the name of Orcas and all Microsoft previous efforts (Windows
Communication Foundation WCF, Windows Workflow Foundation
WWF, Windows Presentation Foundation WPF, Windows
CardSpace and LINQ) are integrated in this Studio. From last one
and half years Anders Hejlsberg team done a tremendous job in
the overcoming the gap between the data impedance. Mr. Anders
team gives a native syntax to developers in the form LINQ to C#
and VB.Net for accessing data from any repository. The
repository could be in memory object, database (still MS SQL
Server only) and XML files.

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Still lots of folks don¶t understand what LINQ is doing. Basically

LINQ address the current database development model in the
context of Object Oriented Programming Model. If some one
wants to develop database application on .Net platform the very
simple approach he uses ADO.Net. ADO.Net is serving as middle
ware in application and provides complete object oriented
wrapper around the database SQL. Developing application in C#
and VB.Net so developer must have good knowledge of object
oriented concept as well as SQL, so it means developer must be
familiar with both technologies to develop an application. If here I
can say SQL statements are become part of the C# and VB.Net
code so it¶s not mistaken in form of LINQ. According to Anders
Hejlsberg the chief architect of C#.

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LINQ has a great power of querying on any source of data, data

source could be the collections of objects, database or XML files.
We can easily retrieve data from any object that implements the
IEnumerable<T> interface. Microsoft basically divides LINQ into
three areas and that are give below.

@ LINQ to Object {Queries performed against the in-memory

data}
@ LINQ to ADO.Net
a LINQ to SQL (formerly DLinq) {Queries performed
against the relation database only Microsoft SQL Server
Supported}
a LINQ to DataSet {Supports queries by using ADO.NET
data sets and data tables}
a LINQ to Entities {Microsoft ORM solution}
@ LINQ to XML (formerly XLinq) { Queries performed against
the XML source}

I hope few above lines increase your concrete knowledge about

Microsoft LINQ and now we write some code snippet of LINQ.

Î 
int[] nums = new int[] {0,1,2};
var res = from a in nums
where a < 3
orderby a
select a;
foreach(int i in res)
Console.WriteLine(i);
Output:
0
1
2

All SQL Operates are available in LINQ to Object like Sum

Operator in the following code.

A 
int[] nums = new int[] {2,4,6,2};
int result = nums.Sum();
Console.WriteLine(result);

Output:
1
2

One thing that I want to share with you guys is LINQ to Object
support querying against any object that inherits from
IEnumerable (all .Net collection inherits from IEnumerable
interface). LINQ to Object provided main types of Operator Type
that are give below.

Operator Types Operator Name

Aggregation @ Aggregate
@ Average
@ Count
@ LongCount,
@ Max,
@ Min,
@ Sum
Conversion @ Cast,
@ OfType,
@ ToArray,
@ ToDictionary,
@ ToList,
@ ToLookup,
@ ToSequence
Element @ DefaultIfEmpty,
@ ElementAt,
@ ElementAtOrDefault,
@ First,
@ FirstOrDefault,
@ Last,
@ LastOrDefault,
@ Single,
 @ SingleOrDefault
Equality @ EqualAll
Generation @ Empty,
@ Range,
@ Repeat
Grouping @ GroupBy
Joining @ GroupJoin,
@ Join
Ordering @ OrderBy,
@ ThenBy,
@ OrderByDescending,
@ ThenByDescending,
@ Reverse
Partitioning @ Skip,
@ SkipWhile,
@ Take,
@ TakeWhile
Quantifiers @ All,
@ Any,
@ Contains
Restriction @ Where
Selection @ Select,
@ SelectMany
Set @ Concat,
@ Distinct,
@ Except,
@ Intersect,
@ nion

To the good use of above operator types I need samle patient

class so here it
using System;

public class Patient
{
// Fields
private string _name;
 private int _age;
private string _gender;
private string _area;
// Properties
public string PatientName
{
get { return _name; }
set { _name = value; }
}

public string Area
{
get { return _area; }
set { _area = value; }
}
public String Gender
{
get { return _gender; }
set { _gender = value; }
}
public int Age
{
get { return _age; }
set { _age = value; }
}
}

Here is my code that intiliaze patients object with following data.

List<Patient> patients = new List<Patient> {

new Patient { PatientName="Ali Khan", Age=20,
Gender="Male" , Area = "Gulshan"},
new Patient { PatientName="Ahmed Siddiqui",
Age=25 ,Gender="Male", Area = "NorthKarachi" },
new Patient { PatientName="Nida Ali", Age=20,
Gender="Female", Area = "NorthNazimabad"},
new Patient { PatientName="Sana Khan", Age=18,
Gender="Female", Area = "NorthNazimabad"},
new Patient { PatientName="Shahbaz Khan",
Age=19, Gender="Male", Area = "Gulshan"},
new Patient { PatientName="Noman Altaf", Age=19,
Gender="Male", Area = "Gulshan"},
new Patient { PatientName="zma Shah", Age=23,
Gender="Female", Area = "NorthKarachi"}};

Patient p = new Patient();
p.Age =33; p.Gender = "male";
p.PatientName = "Hammad Ali"; 
p.Area = "Defence"; 
patients.Add(p);

I have been written a blog on the new way of initilaztion.

This code snippet fetch those records whose gender is equal to

³Male´.
gdView.DataSource = from pa in patients
where pa.Gender == "Male"
orderby pa.PatientName, pa.Gender, pa.Age
select pa;
gdView.DataBind();

The following code snippet uses the selection operator type,

which brings all those records whose
 is more than 20 years.
var mypatient = from pa in patients
where pa.Age > 20
orderby pa.PatientName, pa.Gender, pa.Age
select pa;

foreach(var pp in mypatient)
{
Debug.WriteLine(pp.PatientName + " "+ pp.Age + "
"+ pp.Gender);
}
 The following code snippet uses the grouping operator type that
group patient data on the bases area.
var op = from pa in patients
group pa by pa.Area into g
select new {area = g.Key, count = g.Count(), allpatient =
g};

foreach(var g in op)
{
Debug.WriteLine(g.count+ "," + g.area);
foreach(var l in g.allpatient)
{
Debug.WriteLine("\t"+l.PatientName);
}
}
This code snippet determine the count of those records, which lay
in above 20 years.
int patientCount = (from pa in patients
where pa.Age > 20
orderby pa.PatientName, pa.Gender, pa.Age
select pa).Count();

All the above codes are few example of LINQ to Object technique
of LINQ. In my up coming post you will see both LINQ to SQL and
LINQ to XML code snippets.