Assignment No.

2
MTH 432A: Introduction to Sampling Theory 2021
The following data give the geographical area (in acres) under paddy for 58 villages. Draw a sample
of eight villages using SRSWOR and SRSWR, find an estimate of average area per village under
paddy, an estimate of its variance and its 95% confidence interval. Execute it in R Software.

98, 270, 79, 273, 130, 158, 116, 194, 41, 33, 78, 56, 58, 19, 64, 81, 141, 58, 29, 46, 93, 127,
114, 88, 108, 58, 47, 69, 44, 56, 102, 102, 187, 161, 179, 76, 137, 179, 76, 137, 127, 104, 117,
170, 210, 101, 222, 223, 96, 114, 318, 272, 155, 292, 240, 201, 261, 189

(1) Draw a random sample of size 10 using R statistical software from

(i) Binominal population with parameter 12 and 0.25.
(ii) Poisson distribution with parameter 5.2
(iii) Normal distribution with mean 3.5 and variance 5.75
(iv) bivariate normal population with parameters (15.7, 42. 8, 9.2 2 , 11.7 2 , 0.79)
and compute sample mean and sample variance. Try to observe the difference by drawing
samples several times with the same as well as different populations. Increase the sample size
and observe the differences in the results.

(2) Consider a normal population N (5,2 2 ). Draw 5, 15, 30, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 samples of
size 5 using R Software. Compute E ( y ) , E ( s 2 ) and make density plots for each case. Repeat
the above process for sample sizes 15, 30, 100 and 1000. Present all the results suitably.
Prepare superimposed graphs.

(3) Let ( X i , Yi ) be the values with respect to the two random variables X and Y respectively
n n
N N
associated with the unit label i, i=1,2,…,n. If Xˆ =
n
 Xi ,
i =1
Yˆ =
n
Y ,
i =1
i

1 N N 2 ( N − n)
S xy =  i
N − 1 i =1
( X − X )(Yi − Y ) under SRSWOR, then Cov ( ˆ
X , Yˆ ) =
Nn
S xy

(4) Consider the setup of SRSWOR with sampling units {U1 , U 2 , U 3}, N=3, n=2 and consider the
estimator
Yˆ * = 1 + 2 if sample space s = {U1 ,U 2 },
Y Y
2 2
Y 2Y
= 1 + 3 if sample space s = {U1 ,U 3},
2 3
Y Y
= 2 + 3 if sample space s = {U 2 , U 3}.
2 3
Show that E (Yˆ * ) = Y and V (Yˆ * )  V (Y ) if Y (3Y − 3Y − Y )  0
3 2 1 3

(6) Let ( X i , Yi ) be the values with respect to the two random variables X and Y respectively
1 N
associated with the unit label i, i=1,2,...,N . If S xy =  ( X i − X N )(Yi − YN ) and
N − 1 i =1
1 n 1 N
1 n
sxy = 
n − 1 i =1
( X i − X n )(Yi − Yn ) where X N =
N
X
i =1
i and X n =  X i , then prove that
n i =1
under simple random sampling E ( sxy ) = S xy .