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Describe organic chemistry:

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms. Carbon
atoms are unusual because they can form chemical bonds in many different ways, both
with other carbon atoms and with other chemical elements.many kinds of carbon-
containing compounds are possible.

Analyze why the properties of Carbon make it a unique element. Why is this element
so important for living organisms? Name the most important organic compounds
(biology) and give a brief description of them.
Carbon is one of the most familiar and important chemical elements. All living things
are based on carbon, and industry uses it in a wide variety of products. Yet carbon
makes up only 0.032 percent of the earth's crust. Carbon is the main component of
such fuels as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is also found in most plastics,
many of which are derived from carbon fuels.

What are allotropes ? Give examples.

Are the property of some chemical elements to be able to take two or more different
forms, where the atoms are arranged differently by chemical bonds. The forms are
known as allotropes of that element

Examples:
Carbon, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen,Sulfur, Selenium, Boron, Silicon, Arsenic,
Antimony, Polonium, Tin, Iron, Titanium, Strontium

What is a hydrocarbon ? Describe their structure.

Is an organic compound that contains only th elements hydrogen and carbon,
They occur in petroleum and natural gas.Some hydrocarbons are found in coal tar and
coal gas. Many others are synthesized (made artificially) from hydrocarbons found in
nature.
Hydrocarbons are starting materials for the petrochemical industry. Petrochemical
companies use hydrocarbons from crude oil and natural gas to manufacture solvents,
plastics, and synthetic fibers and rubbers.

How is an unsaturated hydrocarbon different from a saturated carbon ?

Unsaturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple
bonds.
Saturated hydrocarbons: a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds are single bonds.

What are isomers ? Give examples

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural
formulas.
Examples:
Butane
Isobutane
Octane
Decane

Do you think the petroleum industry has been a mayor cause of the recent wars in the
Middle East. Explain.
I think that thats one of the main reason of why those wars ocurred. Middle East havce
has about two-thirds of the world´s oil. Because fo that places want to have more and
more oil, thats why those wars happens.

What is crude oil? Describe the different types. Is this a natural resource that will last
for ever? Explain.
Its a complex liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly long-branched alkanes and
alkenes. Crude Oil cannot be replaced after it has been used. People are using more
and more petroleum each year, and the world's supply is rapidly running out.

What are the uses of petroleum ? Give examples

Petroleum has a greater variety of uses than perhaps any other substance in the world.
Most crude oil is refined into gasoline, heating oil, and other fuels. The rest of the oil is
converted chiefly into industrial raw materials and lubricants
Examples:
gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel, manufacturing cosmetics, detergents, drugs,
fertilizers, insecticides, plastics, synthetic fibers, lubricants

What are anticlines ? Synclines ? Faults ?

An anticline is an archlike formation of rock under which petroleum may collect
A fault is a fracture in the earth's rocky outer shell.
A syncline is a downward-curving fold, with layers that dip toward the center of the
structure.

Describe how petroleum was formed, the rock type where it is likely to find it, and the
different reservoirs where it is found in.

Was formed from remains of organisms that died millions of years ago.This Theory is
based on the presence of certain carbon-containing substances in oil. Such
substances could have come only from once-living organisms. The process that
produced petroleum also produced natural gas. Thus, natural gas is often found in
association with crude oil or dissolved in it. As organisms(lived in shallow water)died,
their remains settled to the bottom of the ocean and became trapped in sediments.).
The sediments piled up and became buried below the surface of the ocean floor. high
temperatures and pressures caused the rock to go through chemical processes. The
rock type where it is likely to find it is called the reservoir rock,The reservoirs where it is
found are anticlines, faults, stratigraphic traps, and salt domes.