ADIEN GUNARTA 02 XG

Investigating the Effect of

Certain Plant Parts (Fruit,
Leaves and Woods) as
Fertilizer on Chili Plant
(Capsium annum L.)
The Scientific Report
Biology Task

Investigate the Effect of Certain Plant Parts as Fertilizer on Chili Plant.

 Contents
Contents ..............................................................................................................................i

a. Tittle.................................................................................................................................1

b. Abstract............................................................................................................................1

c. Problem Statement............................................................................................................1

d. Hypothesis........................................................................................................................2

e. Objective.......................................................................................................................... 2

f. Step of Research...............................................................................................................2

g. Result...............................................................................................................................3

h. Discussion........................................................................................................................4

i. Conclusion........................................................................................................................8

j. Reference..........................................................................................................................9

a.) Title
The title of this research is “Investigating the Effect of Certain Plant Parts (Fruits,
 Leaves and Woods) as Fertilizer on Chili Plant (Capsicum annuum L.)”

b.) Abstract
Today, we know two main kind of fertilizer, they are non-organic fertilizer and organic
fertilizer. Non-organic fertilizer or synthetic fertilizer is fertilizer that composed of
synthetic chemicals and/or minerals. Organic fertilizers are naturally-occurring fertilizers
(e.g. compost, manure), or naturally-occurring mineral deposits.

Fertilizer which composed from natural thing does better as fertilizer than synthetic
fertilizer which composed from chemical process. Organic fertilizer is safer for
environment and more natural. Meanwhile Synthetic fertilizer composed from synthetic
chemical or mineral that can be dangerous for environment. More, organic fertilizer can
control soil fertility level which excess gain synthetic/non-organic fertilizer. Moreover,
how many organic garbage not being reused. Most trash we created are organic sampah.
If this potention be used, we shall get many benefits.

During this time, organic fertilizer only composed from manure or plant parts. People
just mixed and used them as common fertilizer without knowing the benefits of certain
parts of the plant. If we know that, we can maximize the quality of organic fertilizer. In
this research I want to examine the effects of certain parts of plants as fertilizer on pepper
plant objects (Capsium annuum L.). Certain parts of plants used as fertilizer in this study
are the fruit, leaf and stem (wood). Certain parts of these plants will desomposed and
used as organic fertilizer.The evaluation based on chili plant’s growth (height and
amount of leaves)

The Fertilizer which composed from Fruits. There are many andvantages of fruit. Fruit
contains vitamins, minerals, and other else. They are very important to make plant grow.

The fertilizer which composed from leaves. Leave contains chlorophile, nitrogen,
protein, and other essential essence. Rotten leaves will produce nitrogen, and nitogen is
needin in plant grow.

The fertilizer which composed from stem/woods. There are minerals and cambium to
make plant grow, and other essential essence.

That’s all are clues, there are potentiality differences from each plant parts. People still
do not know what is the best to be organic fertilizer. People usually mix the fruit, leaves,
woods or other organic garbage to be one mixture of fertilizer, and its benefits are
ordinary. Here, i will observe this.

c.) Problem Statement

How does organic fertilizer that comes from different plant parts (fruit, leaves, and
woods) give effect on chili plant (Capsium annuum L.) ?

d.) Hypothesis
When the chili start to produce leaves and grow, there are different growth and amount
 of leaves between each chili.

e.) Objective
The goal of this research proposal are:
1. To know the most potential certain plant parts of organic fertilizer.
2. To know the effects of certain plant parts fertilizer and each advantages or
disadvantages.

f.) Step of Research

>Method
●Firstly, we make the fertilizers which made from certain plant parts. There are six
sample, they are double in each different fertilizer. There are fruit fertilizer, leaves
fertilizer, and wooden fertilizer. (explained in following graph)
● Next, seeds of chili planted into six polybags with the same soil, capacity of water,
watering schedule, temperature, and sunlight intensity. Each polybag get about +-6
seeds.
● Watering Schedule are once a day.
● Observation done in first seven days after planting and the last day of observation (or
day 46th)

Process of Making Fertilizer

● Collecting materials. The Fruit fertilizer comes from watermelon, mango, apple,
banana and its skin. The Leaves fertilizer comes from mango leaves (Mangifera Indica).
The wooden fertilizer comes from mostly (about 99%) Neem woods (Azadirachta
Indica). They taken as enough.
● Rote by mix them with water and little soil in 15% percentage.
●Left them for about one week. This take decomposition processes.
●After that, they are ready to use.

>Time Schedule
●This research take 60 days. 7 days of preparing the materials. 7 days process of making
fertilizer. 46 days of plant growing that started in October 31st 2020 till December 16th
2010.
●Plant watering done once a day.
●Plant cecking up done in early life of plant (first seven days) and the last day of
observation (December 16th 2010 or day 46th)

>Tool and Materials Needed

●Polybag
●Dig
●Knife
●Soil
●Water
●Bucket
●Chili seeds
●Organic Garbage (Fruit, leaves and woods)
●Plastic bags

g.) Results
 This following table is data about chili growth and amount of leaves. This data taken
from November 1st 2010 until December 16th 2010. Data of chili taken from tallest plant
in one polybag.

Date Fruit Fertilizer Leaves fertilizer Wooden Fertilizer

Polybag 1 Polybag 2 Polybag 1 Polybag 2 Polybag 1 Polybag 2
1/11/10 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf
2/11/10 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf
3/11/10 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf
4/11/10 0 cm 0 cm Shown a Shown 4 0 cm Shown a
0 leaf 0 leaf sprout sprouts 0 leaf sprout
0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf
5/11/10 0 cm Shown a Shown 2 Shown 4 0 cm Shown a
0 leaf sprout sprouts sprouts 0 leaf sprout
0 cm 1 cm 1 cm 0 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf
6/11/10 Shown 3 Shown 2 Shown 5 Shown 7 Shown 3 Shown 8
sprouts sprouts sprouts sprouts sprouts sprouts
1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 1,5 cm 2,7 cm 3 cm
0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf 0 leaf

Idle Check Up, November 6th 2010 until December 15th 2010

16/12/10 24 cm 20 cm 9 cm 14 cm 12 cm 14 cm
17 leaf 8 leaf 8 leaf 9 leaf 8 leaf 8 leaf

The height of the plants showed a growth rate of plants. While, the number of leaves taken
as an sample of the development of plant tissue.Growth is the process by which a plant
increases in the number and size of leaves and stems. Plant development is the process of a
plant changing from one growth stage to another.

An irreversible increase in the size of the plant. As plants, like other organisms, are made
up of cells, growth involves an increase in cell numbers by cell division and an increase in
cell size. Cell division itself is not growth, as each new cell is exactly half the size of the
cell from which it was formed. Only when it grows to the same size as its progenitor has
growth been realized. Nonetheless, as each cell has a maximum size, cell division is
considered as providing the potential for growth. Meanwhile, Plant development is the
process by which structures originate and mature as a plant grows. It is a subject studies in
plant anatomy and plant physiology as well as plant morphology.

After the data being averanged the result can seen in this following chart:
 25
23
21
19
17
15
13 Height (in cm)
Leaves Created
11
9
7
5
3
1
Fruit Fertilizer Leaves Fertilizer Wooden Fertilizer

Table above shows us that the Fruit fertilizer is greatest, followed by Wooden and Leaves
fertilizer. More complete see on Discussion.

h.) Discussion
The data in Result show us that there are something different effects between three
fertilizers. The data tells us that the Fruit Fertizer is the greatest fertilizer from that three
fertilizers. Followed by Wooden and then Leaves fertilizer.

Firstly, i want to explan what plant need to grow and develope. The following graphs
will explain the common nutrients what plan need.

●Nutrients Needed to Make Plant Grow

Everyone knows the basic needs that make plants grow: water, air, light and suitable
temperature.

Water and air provide plants with three necessary nutrients: carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen, however, in the soil there are thirteen more nutrients needed for plants to grow.
This is why a soil test can help you grow healthy, verdant plants. Once you have your
soil report, you'll be able to provide the specific nutrients it lacks.

Generally these nutrients are divided into two groups, and are arranged according to the
quantities needed by plants.

Macronutients

Nitrogen - promotes leaf and stem growth. When the soil lacks sufficient nitrogen,
growth is reduced and leaves turn a pale yellowish-green. When soil is cold and wet,
nitrogen supplies in the soil aren't as available to the plants. Too much nitrogen in the
soil can lead to a potassium deficiency.
Phosphorus - this nutrient is critical in the germination and growth of seeds, flowers,
fruit, and roots. When phosphorus is deficient, growth is reduced and leaves fall off
prematurely. Plants lacking phosphorus produce dull, bluish-green leaves that turn a
purplish or bronze color with brown edges. Just like nitrogen, too much phosphorus may
lead to potassium deficiency.

Potassium - promotes hearty, disease-resistance growth. Without adequate potassium,

growth is stunted and leaves grow close together. Leaf tips and edges become brown and
edges curl. Too much potassium in your soil can lead to calcium and magnesium
deficiencies.

Calcium - a vital component in cell walls of plants, calcium is essential for root growth.
Without adequate calcium roots develop poorly and leaves become distorted and often
turn brown.

Magnesium - this nutrient is necessary for chlorophyll production and plays a vital role in
most enzyme reactions. If your soil lacks the proper amount of magnesium, the
deficiency causes varying symptoms in different plants. Most often symptoms include
things like yellowing leaves that may suddenly fall off without withering. Too much
magnesium could cause a calcium deficiency.

Sulfur - A necessary nutrient for chlorophyll formation. Too little sulfur produces slow
growth that generates small round leaves that are stiff and brittle. Leaves drop and tip
buds die.

Micronutients
Iron - This trace element is needed for chlorophyll formation and oxygen transfer.
Without adequate iron, leaves yellow (but leaf veins remain green). If you add too much
lime to your soil, it can lead to an iron deficiency.

Manganese - works as a channel for a variety of enzymes and is essential for chlorophyll
formation. Too little manganese causes a variety of indicators depending on the type of
plant. The most common signs include yellowing leaves with green veins or grayish-
white specks that appear on the leaves. Too much manganese may deplete iron in the soil
and cause symptoms similar to those exhibited with a lack of manganese.

Boron - works as a vehicle for the interchange of sugars, for reproduction, and for cell
intake of water. Without adequate boron your plants will be distorted with hollow stems
and malformed fruit. Other symptoms include scorched, curled and sometimes mottled
leaves.

Zinc - important for the production of proteins. This nutrient affects how big plants grow
and whether or not they mature. Lack of zinc produces less fruit and brings about
yellowing of leaves between veins often accompanied by purple or dead spots with
small, deformed leaves growing close together.

Copper - this is another nutrient important for the production of proteins and plays and
important role in reproduction. If your plants don't get enough copper they will display
bluish-green leaves that might wither or never unfold. Lack of copper may also form
rosettes on growing tips.

Molybdenum -- this nutrient is vital to nitrate enzymes and the formation of root nodules
in beans and peas. Without adequate supplies of molybdenum, leaves produce yellow
mottling and dead spots and often growing tips are distorted or killed.

Chlorine - Lack of the right amount of chlorine in you soil might affect carbohydrate
metabolism and photosynthesis. This deficiency leads to stubby roots and wilting.

●Hormones Influences Leaf Production

While, the main plant hormones that influence the leaf production are Abscisic Acid,
Cytokinins, Ethylene, and Gibberelin.

Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various
developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering,
sex expression, enzyme induction, and leaf and fruit senescence.

Abscisic acid also called ABA, was discovered and researched under two different names
before its chemical properties were fully known, it was called dormin and abscicin II.
Once it was determined that the two latter compounds were the same; it was named
abscisic acid. The name "abscisic acid" was given because it was found in high
concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves.

Cytokinins or CKs are a group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot
formation. They were called kinins in the past when the first cytokinins were isolated
from yeast cells. They also help delay senescence or the aging of tissues, are responsible
for mediating auxin transport throughout the plant, and affect internodal length and leaf
growth.

Ethylene is a gas that forms through the Yang Cycle from the breakdown of methionine,
which is in all cells. Ethylene has very limited solubility in water and does not
accumulate within the cell but diffuses out of the cell and escapes out of the plant. Its
effectiveness as a plant hormone is dependent on its rate of production versus its rate of
escaping into the atmosphere. Ethylene is produced at a faster rate in rapidly growing
and dividing cells, especially in darkness. New growth and newly germinated seedlings
produce more ethylene than can escape the plant, which leads to elevated amounts of
ethylene, inhibiting leaf expansion. As the new shoot is exposed to light, reactions by
phytochrome in the plant's cells produce a signal for ethylene production to decrease,
allowing leaf expansion.

●Fruit Nutrient Contents

We make Fruit fertilizer comes from watermelon, mango, apple, banana and it’s skin.

Fruit Minerals Vitamins

Watermelon Potassium - 320 mg Vitamin A - 1627 IU
Phosphorus - 31 mg Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - 0.094 mg
Magnesium - 29 mg Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - 0.06 mg
Calcium - 20 mg Niacin - 0.509 mg
Sodium - 3 mg Folate - 9 mcg
Iron - 0.69 mg Pantothenic Acid - 0.632 mg
Selenium 1.1 mcg Vitamin B6 - 0.129 mg
Manganese - 0.109 mg Vitamin C - 23.2 mg
Copper - 0.12 mg Vitamin E - 0.14 mg
Zinc - 0.29 mg Vitamin K - 0.3 mcg
Mango Potassium - 323 mg Vitamin A - 1584 IU
Phosphorus - 23 mg Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - 0.12 mg
Magnesium - 19 mg Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - 0.118 mg
Calcium - 21 mg Niacin - 1.209 mg
Sodium - 4 mg Folate - 29 mcg
Iron - 0.27 mg Pantothenic Acid - 0.331 mg
Selenium 1.2 mcg Vitamin B6 - 0.227 mg
Manganese - 0.056 mg Vitamin C - 57.3 mg
Copper - 0.228 mg Vitamin E - 2.32 mg
Zinc - 0.08 mg Vitamin K - 8.7 mcg
Apple Potassium - 195 mg Vitamin A - 98 IU
Calcium - 11 mg Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - 0.031 mg
Phosphorus - 20 mg Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - 0.047 mg
Magnesium - 9 mg Niacin - 0.166 mg
Manganese - 0.064 mg Folate - 5 mcg
Iron - 0.22 mg Pantothenic Acid - 0.111 mg
Sodium - 2 mg Vitamin B6 - 0.075 mg
Copper - 0.049 mg Vitamin C - 8.4 mg
Zinc - 0.07 mg Vitamin E - 0.33 mg
Vitamin K - 4 mcg
Banana Potassium - 422 mg Vitamin A - 76 IU
Phosphorus - 26 mg Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - 0.037 mg
Magnesium - 32 mg Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - 0.086 mg
Calcium - 6 mg Niacin - 0.785 mg
Sodium - 1 mg Folate - 24 mcg
Iron - 0.31 mg Pantothenic Acid - 0.394 mg
Selenium 1.2 mcg Vitamin B6 - 0.433 mg
Manganese - 0.319 mg Vitamin C - 10.3 mg
Copper - 0.092 mg Vitamin E - 0.12 mg
Zinc - 0.18 mg Vitamin K - 0.6 mcg
●Leaves Nutrients Content in General
Leaves generally contain Chlorophile, Potassium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Calcium,
Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, Sodium, and contain vitamin C, Vitamin B1,
Vitamin B2, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Folate and Vitamin A. All of them
mostly contain in small number.

●Woods Nutrients Content in General

Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many plants. It has been used for centuries for both
fuel and as a construction material for several types of living areas such as houses, known
as carpentry. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are
strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. In the strict
sense wood is produced as secondary xylem in the stems of trees (and other woody
plants). In a living tree it transfers water and nutrients to the leaves and other growing
tissues, and has a support function, enabling woody plants to reach large sizes or to stand
up for themselves. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable
properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber. Wood is
essentially composed of cellulose (40-50%), hemicelluloses(15-25%), lignin(15-30%), and
extractives.

i.) Conclusion
1. The most potential fertilizer is Fruit Fertilizer. Because, the fruit fertilizer contains
many nutrients that plant need to grow and develope. Fruit fertilizer contain Potassium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron, Manganese, Vitamins and other else
that talked in fruit nutrient contents table are needed for growing plant.

2. Effects of certain plant parts fertilizer and each advantages or disadvantages.

●Fruit Fertilizer
Fruit Fertilizer affect so great to chili plant. Chili grow taller than other, and the leaves
are perfect (there is no withered or shrunken leaf).

●Leaves Fertilizer
Plant grow slowly and shorter than other. But, the quality of leaves created is perfect too.
Just like fruit fertilizer.

●Wooden Fertilizer
Plant grow moderate and the leave conditions are same with leaves fertilizer, same in bad
quality of leaves (the leaves withered or shrunken)
j.) References
The references completely comes from Internet.

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/lab_report_complete.html
http://www.ncagr.gov/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm
http://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Nutrients_Needed_for_Plants_to_Grow
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Rich_in_the_substance_plants_need_to_grow_well_is_called
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Plant+growth+substance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormone
http://masenchipz.com/blog/leaf-nutrients-for-blood-lipids
http://www.scienceclarified.com/Io-Ma/Leaf.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrition
http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/vegetables-nutrition-chart.html
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/1936586
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrition
http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/fruit-nutrition-chart.htm