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State of Washin cHon

EXECUTIvE DEPARTMEf:r9

ALBERT D. ROSELLlNl

O[ympia

Governor

1 April 1959

TO MY FELWW CITIZENS:

The average citizen of' Washington is unaware of' the importance of' the Military Department in the government of' the State of' Washington.

Throughout the history of' our great state, under our militia lavs, a military f'orce has been at the disposal of' the head of' State in connection with insurrections, uprisings, disorders and disasters. Under these lavs the Governor can order the organized militia or Washington National Guard into the service of' the state to protect the lives and property of' its citizens.

In addition to the Washington National Guard, the Governor is also empowered to order all other ellgible male citizens into the service of' the state in event of' dire emergency. In case of' total mbilization of' the state's manpower the control thereof' reverts to The Adjutant General vhose headquarters is located at Camp Murray f'rom vhich "COIIIDBIld Post" he would operate under the direction of' your Governor.

Due to the patriotism of' many of' our younger men the mbllization of' the total male population has never been necessary inasmuch as trained National Guardsmen have always been available to cope with the average disorder or disaster.

To these loyal and unself'ish mill tiamen or National Guardsmen, both past and present, we are deeply indebted and it is with a spirit of' pride that I am able to present to you their story with a f'ervent hope that everyone may better understand and appreciate the need f'or supporting such a f'ine body of men wbo are devoting their time and service to provide immediate aid and protection to you in time of' need.

Sincerely yours,

Governor & Commander-in-Chiet

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1 April 1959

HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DEPARTMENT STATE OF WASHINGTON

Office of The Adjutant General Camp Murray, Tacoma. 33, Washington

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

It gives me great pleasure to present to the Citizens of Washington the story of Camp Murray, the home of the Military Department of the State of Washington and the Washington National Guard.

For generations Camp Murray bas played an important role in the development of the State of Washington, however, little has been written on its accomplishments, and many are not aware of the importance of the operations thereat or of the background of its development as a State Reservation.

It is for the foregoing reason that our historian has compiled from our voluminous records dating back to 1855, and from the result of research in libraries in this vicinity, a history of Camp Murray beginning with the advent of the white man who first trod its soil in 1833.

It is hoped that through this media, WaShington's citizens will have a better understanding of the mili tary importance of Camp Murray and its relationship to the ever increasing progressiveness of our great State.

~elyC:,~

GEORGE M. HASKEPI'

Major General, Wash ARNG The Adjutant General

.

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CAMP MURRAY TACOMA 33, WASHINGTON

1 April 1959

Because of its nearness to Olympia, the State and Territorial Capitol, and to Steilacoom, the first settlement and county seat of Pierce County, the land comprizing the Camp Murray Reservation has been the scene of much military activity throughout the history of our great Evergreen State.

It has been traversed by the early pioneers as members of the First and Second Regiments of Volunteer Militia in the Indian Wars of 1855-56; by Volunteers stationed at Fort Steilacoom during the Civil War; by the Washington Volunteer Regiment that reaped many honors at Manila and Luzon in 98; by the Washington National Guard troops enroute to the Mexican border in 1916; by many of our sons in World War I; and by Washington's brave and loyal citizens in both World War II and Korea.

During these wars twenty seven of our sons won the Medal of Honor, and others, thousands of decorations of a lesser degree. Many did not return. Washington can well be proud of the indomitable spirit and courageousness displayed by its citizens in the wars of the past one hundred and three years.

This booklet is dedicated to such Washington men who have served in any capacity in these wars, or in the preservation of law and order, or in disasters, during the history of the State or Territory of Washington.

The author is deeply indebted to Miss Alta F. West of the Washington Historical Society and Gene Bismudi of the State Library for their valuable assistance which contributed materially to the assembly of this story. Many of the pictures also were furnished through the courtesy of the Washington Historical Society and the State Library. Some were procured from the National Archives, while others were provided from our own picture files. All photographic work in connection with this book was provided by the official photographer of the Washington National Guard, Staff Sergeant Kenneth P. Blando, 41st Signal Company, whose work is deeply apprecia.ted.

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1 F. Field

nel, USA, Retired Historian

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BOEING FIELD

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BELLINGHAM FIELD

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It is·told by the Nisqually Indians that for generations prior to the coming of the white man that the land comprizing Camp Murray, and adjacent land bordering beautiful American and Sequalitchew lakes, was the favorite place of assembly for the tribes along Puget Sound. Therefore, it is little wonder that when the trappers and traders of the Hudson's Bay Company arrived on Puget Sound to establish a trading post that a site somewhere near these lakes would be selected.

With easy access to the sailing waters of Puget Sound, the trading post was established by Archibald McDonald on 30 May 1833 at the mouth of Sequalitchew Creek. The post was named Fort Nisqually after the Indian tribe which inhabited the area. It was also inevitable that the prairie lands adja.cent to the lakes would become the grazing ground for their sheep and cattle. With Murray Creek flowing through the prairie, it was ideal pasturage for their herds and was used from about 1833 to 1867 by the subsidiary of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Puget Sound Agricultural Company. During this period, vast herds roamed these prairies from Fort Nisqually to Roy and from the Nisqually River to American and Spanaway Lakes. Several retired employees of the Company, including the Murray brothers, located donation claims at Muck Station, in the vicinity of the present town of Roy, and raised large herds for the Company. Edward Huggins was in charge of these operations and later succeeded Dr. William F. Tolmie as Factor at Fort Nisqually.

The foregoing activities resulted in the first roads in Pierce County, the first running from Steilacoom to Fort Nisqually, thence to Muck Station. The other from Steilacoom to the vicinity of Spanaway Lake. The latter passed very close to Camp Murray on the east and the former about one mile to the west. The road between Steilacoom and Spanaway Lake was used by the militia for moving troops and supplies from Steilacoom to Montgomery Station during the Indian Wars of 1855-56 and is known as the Military Road.

Following the settlement of the Northern Boundary in 1846, the movement north of the Columbia River of American settlers increased rapidly. By 1852 the land around Steilacoom had been completely homesteaded and new arrivals had no choice but to select sites around the perimeter thereof. In this, they met with threats of the Puget Sound Agricultural Company that they were trespassing on the land of the Company. However, in true American fashion, these hardy pioneers refused to evacuate such homesteads. In this, they were placed in a rather untenable position by the United States Government. When the first regular army troops occupied Fort Steilacoom, Dr. Tolmie demanded and received for some fifteen years, during the period 1850 to 1865, annual rental of $600.00 based upon the Company's claim to that property.

VA'ICOUVER

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EDWARD HJGGINS

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TACOMA

ON-SITE REAR KENT

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As II10re and nore settlers arrived, these homesteads gradually encompassed the Company's fenced holdings. Finally, as a result of harrassment, intimidation and continued persecution on the part of

the Company, the Legislative Assembly of the Territory memorialized The Congress of the United states questioning the Company's title to their claim. The merorial indicated that only a small part of their holdings were fenced and that their claims be limited to that acreage; that the Company claimed some 220 square miles in southwest Pierce and northern Thurston counties, the greater part of which had been used only for pasturage with no improvements made thereon; that action should be initiated by the United States Government on the diplomatic level to extinguish the title thereto and if necessary to reimburse the Company for their improvements, which were considered negligiblej and finally that the Company be restrained from any further legal action to evict the settlers from their homesteads pending a settlement.

As a result of this memoFial, action was initiated by the United States with Great Britain to extinguish the Company's claim. As a result of this action the Company <filed an exhorbitant claim for several million dollars for the Nisqually and Cowlitz claims. They contended that title to their land was received from the aborigines. However, this was discounted by the United States Government on the basis of the treaty entered into by Governor Isaac I. Stevens and the Nisqually Indians in 1854 which extinguished the Indian title and which made no mention of any title to the Company. After several years of discussions and litigation the Company finally agreed to accept $650,000.00 from the United States Government for the improvements made on their Nisqually and Cowlitz farms. Thus the land now comprizing Camp Murray and most of the land now occupied by the military at Fort Lewis was released to the American settlers to obtain patents to their claims.

It was during the period of occupation by the Puget Sound Agricultural Company of the Nisqu811y farm that Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, U. S. Navy and his surveying expedition visited the Sound and anchored off shore near Fort Nisqually. During their stay, permission was obtained to hold a 4th of July celebration on the Company's property. The celebration was held on Monday, 5 July 1841, and was the first celebration of our Independence held in the Northwest and west of the Mississippi. It is commemorated by a monument erected by the Pioneer Associations of Pierce County on the 65th Anniversary, 5 July 1906. The monument is located at the head of Sequalitchew Lake some three miles from the site of Fort Nisqually and about one mile west of Camp Murray. This location is one of the disputed points in Washington history inasmuch as a monument with similar inscription is also located on the grounds of the DuPont Powder Company.

Following the settlement of the claim of the Puget Sound Agricultural Company about 1867, those who had homesteaded the disputed property received patents to their homesteads. First of these was

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In his 1888-89 Bienniel Report, Adjutant General Rossell G.

O'Brien pointed out the difficulty in securing suitable places for armories or drill rooms. He suggested that the Legislative Assembly consider the propriety of requiring counties having organized Militia units to erect suitable armories as was being done in other states and territories. He considered such acquisition vital for the storage and preservation of state property. He also called attention to the achievements of a group of National Guard officers from Seattle who had acquired a spacious armory in that city through the formation of a stock company known as the "First Regiment Armory Association", and which currently housed Companies B, D and E of that regiment. Subsequent reports indicated that an average of $6,500.00 was being expended annually from the Military Department funds for armory rentals during the 1890's and early 1900's.

VERI-lOR

In 1903 the State Legislature appropriated $70,000.00 to build armories in the cities of Seattle, Spokane and Tacoma. Spokane was the first to provide the necessary site although it

was necessary for the authorities of Spokane to issue bonds to augment the $20, 000. 00 originally allocated. The Spokane Armory was completed on 1 October 1907. with the help of additional appropriations by the State with the final cost being $58,363.00. The Seattle Armory was completed next at a cost of $130,000.00, which was $100,000.00 over the original appropriation. The Tacoma Armory was completed on 1 October 1909 at a cost of $95,000.00. This was the beginning of the Armory program for the Washington National Guard which has now grown to a total of 31 state owned armories with an estimated value of $12,500,000.00.

On 1 June 1911 the Bellingham Armory was completed at a cost of $75,000.00. Next was the Armory at Yakima on 7 October 1914

at a cost of $65,000.00. On 10 May 1921 the Everett Armory was completed at a cost of $125,000.00. Next in order were the Walla Walla Armory and the Aberdeen Armory in 1921 and 1922 respectively. Then came the armories at Felts Field, Pullman, Centralia, Olympia, and the new Armory in Seattle. Some of these were built through Works Progress Administration projects for which the state provided the materials only.

Since World War II the balance of the armories have been acquired through the use of Federal and State funds with the Federal Government paying 75% and the State of Washington 25'1>. In addition to ~he Armories constructed, several have been rehabilitated. Also Maintenance Shops and Motor Vehicle Sheds have been constructed at most stations. other Armory facilities have been secured on a lease basis from the Federal Government and one or two are leased from private interests. As this is being written a new Armory is being built at Okanogan to replace a leased facility and another

is projected for Colville.

GOV. ¥1M. H. WALLACE

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CAMP l~RRAY

WALLA WALLA

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Frederick Ropjobns whose claim is recorded as of 16 October 1852. Ropjohns was a crew member of the British Ship "Albion" which was seized by United States Customs Officials on 22 April 1850 for failing to compzy with U. S. Internal Revenue Laws. When the Ship was condemned and sold in November 1950, Ropjohns elected to re-

main and later served as a member of Company D, 1st Washington Territorial Militia Regiment which was organized at Steilacoom on

30 October 1855. This Company was commanded by Captain William H. Wallace, one of Washington's Territorial Governors, and fought alongside the regulars from Fort Steilacoom during the Indian Wars

of 1855-56. Ropjohn's claim was for 319 acres, a part of which is now Camp Murray. other settlers who received original patents to adjacent property were Harriet and Walter Perry, Sherwood Bonney, William N. Savage, Thoepholis Sears, Thomas A. Dean, Harry Barnes, William Northover, George Gibbs, and Peter Judson. Frederick Ropjohns obtained final patent to the land on 15 December 1888 and died on 17 January 1889. In the meantime he had conveyed parcels

of his donation claim to John Murray and James Reams. The deeds to Camp Murray begin with these individuals although several other names and corporations appear therein preceding the purchase of the land

by the State of Washington in 1903 •

. Based upon recommendations of the Military Board of the

Military Department, the purchase of 220 acres of land in two

parcels was consumated by the State of Washington in 1903 at a

cost of $6,600.00. In November 1918, a small parcel, comprizing

some 12 acres was condemned in connection with the donation of the Camp Lewis Cantonment by Pierce County for which a reimbursement of $580.00 was received making the net cost of the original purchase $6,020.00. On 18 June 1921 another parcel of 11.215 acres was purchased at a·cost of $5,000.00. On 31 October 1932, through condemnation proceedings, Barlow Island was secured at a cost of $364.25, making a total cost of the present Camp Murray Reservation of $11,384.25 and a total area of approXimatezy 231 acres.

Camp Murray, the Headquarters of the Military Department

and the Washington National Guard, derives its name from the Railroad Station erected by the Northern Pacific Railroad when the Tacoma - Ozympia - Gray's Harbor line was opened about 1890. The Railroad company apparently used the name because it was along-

side Murray Creek. In turn, Murray Creek, the Indian name for which was Spootsall Creek, derives its name from one of the early pioneer families, of whom there were several, between Roy, Muck Station,

and American Lake.

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arm~ aduisor

The Act of 1903 covering the Organized Militia was the first constructive legislation enacted by the Congress of the United states and provided for the first time assistance to bring the organized militia to a degree of efficiency comparable to that

of the regular army.

Under a rider attached to the Army Appropriation Bill of

1904, the privilege was granted to the States to secure the detail of an officer of the regular army on the retired list for

duty with the State organizations as inspector-instructors. Under this authority, the State of Washington was enabled to secure the detail of Captain John Kinzie, USA, Retired as its first InspectorInstructor. Captain Kinzie was also appointed a Lieutenant Colonel on the Governor's Staff as Inspector General of the Washington National Guard. The title of this position and the manner of detail was changed in 1909 thus allowing for the services of an active regular army officer to serve as the "Regular Army Instructor".

Since that time, with the exception of the World War I and World War II periods, regular army officers and enlisted men have been on duty with the Washington National Guard. Following World War II, the title was changed to "Army Advisor" and for the first tilne provided a "Senior Army Advisor" and staff with headquarters at Camp Murray to serve in an advisory capacity to the Adjutant General and-his staff. Advisors are now detailed for duty with Battalion and higher units. Similarly, the Air Force details Advisors at the Squadron and higher level. Major duty of these Advisors is in furthering the efficiency of the unit, or units

to which they are assigned through appropriate assistance and advise to the responsible National Guard Commander. The Advisor exercises no command over personnel of the National Guard. They attend summer training camp with their units; attend armory drills; verify attendance at drills; and verify and certify attendance for Federal payrolls for both armory drill and attendance at Summer Training Camps.

The present Senior A~_Advisor is Colonel Preston Steele whose Headquarters if located at Camp Murray. The Senior Air Advisor is Colonel Troy Keith who is stationed with the 142nd Air Defense Wing at Geiger Field, Spokane, Washington.

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1th[ jformati\1[ ~[riod

Throughout the Territorial period of Washington, the citizens were subject to periodic Indian uprisings. Each incident would revive interest in the organization of ~lilitia companies for their protection. However, due to lack of up-to-date arms being furnished by the United States Government, these attempts proved futile. The sum of $200,000.00 appropriated annually by The Congress provided little assistance to the States and almost nothing to the Territories. The appropriation was based on a law of 1808 when

the population of the United States was less than ten million and had never been revised to keep up with the steady increase in population.

At its session in 1854-55, the Legislative Assembly passed

its first Militia Laws providing for the Organization of the Militia and elected George Gibbs of Steilacoom Brigadier General to organize it. Before General Gibbs could fully organize the regiments and obtain the Territory's quota of arms, the Yakima Indian War broke

out necessitating the issuance by the Governor of proclamations to provide a force to quell the Indian uprisings throughout the Territory. Major Gabriel J. Rains, commander of the regular forces at Fort Vancouver, was appointed Brigadier General to command the combined regular and volunteer forces and James Tilton, the Surveyor General

of the territory, was appointed Adjutant General. Following a reorganiZation of the volunteer forces in early 1856, Major Rains was relieved as commander of the Washington volunteers and Colonel Benjamin F. Shaw assumed command. Following the defeat of the

Yakimas in September 1856, the Washington Volunteer Regiment was disbanded.

During the Civil War attempts were made by Governor Pickering

to organize the Washington Territorial Militia into a Volunteer Regiment based upon proclamations of President Lincoln. However,

due to the chaotic conditions brought on by the Indian Wars and

the sparse population of the Territory, these attempts were only partially successful. Ini tially, the bulk of this regiment was recruited in California. However, Washington's sons filled three

of the 10 companies and provided fillers to the other companies which were stationed in the forts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho during the period 1862-65. The regiment known as the First Washington Volunteer Infantry was commanded by Colonel Justus Steinberger who was appointed by the Secretary of War based upon the recommendation of Washington's congressional delegate William H. Wallace.

The National Colors carried by this regiment are still preserved

and hang in the stairway of the Capitol ~ruseum in Olympia.

Following the Indian uprisings led by Chief Joseph in 1877 and Chief Moses in 1878, Governor Elisha P. Ferry was instrumental in obtaining some 2000 outmoded arms and equipment from the United States Army for arming the Territorial Militia. As a result, active companies of Militia began to appear throughout the

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ADJUTANT GENEHAL ROSSELL G. O'B.'UEN

GOVEHNOR }'J. C. S-:~UIRE

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13RIG. • i!l'iSLbY M. I.llil'fEIUN

1947 - 191,9

(JEN. LIlJlURN H. STEVENS 191.9 - 1957

HONORABLE ROLAND H. HARTLEY

- 1925 - 1932

HONORABLE CLAIU£NCE D. lL\.!tTIN 1933 - 191,0

!.fAJOR Glill. MAURICE THO)jpSON 1914-191BJ1919-1941J 1945-1947

BRIG. GEN. WAI:rm J 1941 - 1945

Terri tory. First of these was the Dayton Grays, followed by the Walla Walla Field Artillery (later Grant Guards), the Columbia County Rifles and the Klickitat County Guards. This was followed by the activation of companies in Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle, Port Blakely and Montesano. Total strength of the Organized Mili tie. as of 31 October 1885 was 18 officers and 283 enlisted men. The Quartermaster General's report for this period indicated 455 Model 1864 rifles issued to active Militia comp~es and GAR Chapters; 582 still on loan to Oregon for use during the Indian Wars of 1877-78; and 1009 in the hands of the County Commissioners of the larger counties for use by the unorganized mili tie. in the event of an emergency.

By 1885, the organized units of Militia had reached a point of training where it was felt by the Militia Commander that a camp of instruction should be held to "further perfect and better establish the esprit de corps" of the Organized Militia. Accordingly, the first sWlDller camp of the "Washington National Guard" was held at a place near Olympia, on Chamber's Prairie, called "Five Oaks". There being no provision of law for meeting the expenses of such an encampment, an invitation was extended by Adjutant General Rossell G. O'Brien to attend at their own expense. Attending this encampment, beginning on 20 August 1885, were the capitol Guards from Olympia, the Seattle Rifles and

the Queen City Guards, also of Seattle. The camp was named

"Camp Chambers" in honor of Mr. A. H. Chambers who granted the use of the ground for that purpose. On 25 August 1885 a grand review was held honoring the incumbent Governor and Commanderin-Cbief, Watson C. Squire. In the evening a reception was given in their honor by the Governor.

Following the "Chinese Incident" in Seattle in February 1886, interest in the organized militia developed to a point that sufficient companies had been formed throughout the Territory to organize two :f'ull regiments of infantry, one east of the Cascades and

one west thereof. These regiments were numbered 1st and 2nd, with the Headquarters of the latter at Goldendale and the former, along nth Brigade Headquarters, at Seattle. Under the law in effect at that time, the Adjutant General, Brigadier General, Quartermaster General and Commissary General were elected by the people at General Elections. The regimental Officers were elected by the officers aSSigned to the Regiment. Accordingly, John C. Haines of Seattle was elected to command the first regiment and Charles M. Anderson

of Walla Walla to command the second. Brigadier General George D. Hill commanded the Brigade.

Due to increased interest in tbe Militia and a realization by the Legislature of the need for a well organized Militia, at their first session after admission into the Union in 1889, a law was enacted providing for a 1/5 mil tax levy for support of the Military Department of Washington. General 0 'Brien, based upon an estimated revenue of some $40,000.00, immediately began planning for a

FEBRU ARY J 1887

Gov. Squ.:i. r e \::61. G.O.RaUer

Dt·. T. T.Mino:r

CAPT. C.3.REunlART,

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HOtCHABLE U~WIS F. HAHT 1919 - 19;a.

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3ftIG. GEli. HAltVE:'l .r. MOSS 1918 - 1919

Brigade Encampment to be held during the summer of 1890. The place selected was the shores of American Lake and from the description given in his Biennial Report for that year, it is quite apparent that it was held on the very grounds now occupied by the Headquarters of the Washington National Guard. Completely uniformed and equipped for the first time, the troops, under the command of Brigadier General Amos P. Curry of Spokane Falls, attended camp during the period 20-29 June 1890. The camp was named in honor of the first Governor of the State, Elisha P. Ferry. Cost of the encampment, including pay of those attending, was $20,319.33.

In 1892 the National Guard of Washington held its encampment

at "Murray" which was described by General O'Brien as being located on the line of the Tacoma-Olympia-Gray's Harbor Railroad, a distance of 14 miles from Tacoma and 22 miles from Olympia. He further described the location as being "favorably adapted for the purpose, the soil being of a gravel and sand composition, covered with a close growth of wild grass, surrounded on the north and west by heavy fir timber and on the south and east by groves of scrub oak scattered over an undulating prairie. Through the camp grounds flows a stream of pure, clear and cold spring water emptying into American Lake, whose placid waters lie a half mile north of the camp grounds".

In his report to the Governor, Adjutant General O'Brien painted out the necessity for securing a permanent place for the Washington National Guard to hold their encampments, citing the expense and difficulties of having the summer camps at one place and another.

He also described the advantages and economy of having a permanent place to store the tentage, equipment, etc. He concluded by asking for authority for the Military Board (now AdVisory Council) to purchase a suitable site at which a permanent camp could be establish· ed.

The next encampment was held in 1894 at Woodland, a station on the Tacoma-Olympia-Gray's Harbor branch about 4 miles east of the City of Olympia on the premises of the Woodland Driving Park Association. Some difficulties were encountered due to a railroad strike thereby delaying the arrival of the 2nd Regiment from east of the Cascades. In addition, tentage and supplies had been procured for an estimated attendance of 1,000. With the arrival of the 2nd Regiment 4 days late on the 24th of June 1894, the attendance was over 1,400. The costs of this encampment far exceeded the balance of funds remaining in the Military Department appropriations thereby resulting in a deficit in excess of $20,000.00. As a result no further encampments were held until 1902 when the camp was again held at Camp Murray for a period of 10 days.

On 23 April 1898, the President of the United !,tates .l s sued a call for Volunteers for the Span.i s h-Amer-Lcan War for se rv ice in the Philippines. Washington's quota was one regiment of infantry.

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2ld\1isor~ (tOll nCI I

AFTER THE GOVERNOR IS flEVIE'ti - 1885

An Act entitled, "For the IJDre efficient organization and discipline of the Militia of the Territory of Washington", approved 28 January 1888, created the forerunner of the Advisory Council, which was known as the "Military Board", and was composed of the Brigadier General, The Adjutant General, and one field officer to be appointed by the Commander-in-Chief. General Section 13 of the Act indicated that the Board would constitute an advisory body to the Commander-in-Chief; audit claims; promulgate rules and regulations for the organization, government and compensation for the Washington National Guard; and were provided with the authority to change organizations to conform to the laws of

the United States. The Military Board appears to have been relegated to a "Purchasing Board" in the revision of the laws in lCl95.

The composition was changed to the Commander-in-Chief, the Brigadier General and the Quartermaster General and their duties to fix the maximum cost of uniforms and to determine what arms and equipment should be purchased. The session laws of 1909 mention that the "Military Board" shall consist of the Commander-in-Chief, the Brigadier General and the senior field officer but failed to prescribe any duties whatsoever. The laws of 1909, with minor revisions, continued in effect until 1943 when a complete revision thereof provided for an Advisory Council and prescribed the duties thereof.

Under Title 38, Revised Military Code of Washington, 1953, the composition and duties of the Advisory Council are prescribed as follows:

REl'REAT PARADE - SUWEIl CAl...'P - 18,35 SKlJll.USHING - SUln.:ER CAMP - 1885

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Composition: There is created an Advisory Council to consist

of the Adjutant General, one member of his staff, to be designated by him, and the five senior officers from the rest of the active personnel of the Organized Militia. This council shall meet annually during the first week in February of each year on a date to be fixed by the·Adjutant General, and may be called for special meetings by the Adjutant General, the Governor, or upon signed notice of at

least four members thereof. All notices of special meetings must state the nature of the business requiring the call. The attendance of five members shall be necessary for a quorum to transact business at any meeting.

PART OF 2ND REGIMENT EllROUTE TO CAl!? - 1894

Duties: The Advisory Council shall advf se , with the Adjutant General, on a program for training of the Organized Militia, the allocation of units, diSCipline of the commissioned and enlisted personnel, coordination with federal requirements, determination of questions affecting seniority and promotion, and the use of rental of state owned armories for nonmilitary purposes; perform such other duties as may be required by the Governor or Adjutant General; and, in case of vacancy in the office of Adjutant General, certify a list of those eligible.

Members: CluTent members of the Advisory Council are: Major General George S. Cook, Major General George M. Haskett, Brigadier Genera] ,,;aId o. Spoon, Brigadier General Frank M. Frost, Brigadier Genera..t Celand G. Hunt, Colonel Ralph S. Phelps, and Lieutenant Colonel Lyle E. Buchanan- @

The strength of the Washington National Guard having been reduc-

ed to two battalions in 1895 due to failure of the Legislature to appropriate sufficient fUnds, almost every man of both battalions volunteered. The rendezvous was established at Camp Murray where

on 2 May 1898, twelve fUll c~anies of volunteers from Seattle, Spokane, TacoIIR, Walla Walla, Yakima, Waitsburg, Ellensburg, Centralia, Dayton and Vancouver were mustered into Federal service. First Lieutenant John H. Whalley, U. S. Army, stationed at the University of Washington, was, with the consent of the incumbent Governor, John R. Rogers, appointed Colonel to command the Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel William J. Fife of Tacoma was second in command. Organized into three battalions, the regiment began its movement

to San Francisco, California starting on 9 May 1898. In the meantime another call was received for an independent battalion to which companies from Tacoma, Pomeroy, Whatcom and Waterville responded. This battalion was also formed and mustered at Camp Murray but was destined to spend the war at Vancouver Barracks to replace regulars wi thdrawn for the Philippines. The First Washington Volunteer Regiment arrivec in Manila on 26 November 1898 and rendered outstanding service, partiCipating in all najor engagements, and suffering 147 killed or wounded in action. There were 105 officers and men cited for meritorious service. This regiment was mustered out of Federal service at San Francisco on 30 October 1899. A monument honoring those who gave their lives in this conflict is located

in the Masonic Cemetery at Tumwater. The colors of this regiment, which were carried throughout their service in the Philippines,

also repose alongside that of the Civil War Regimental colors in

the stairway at the Capitol Museum. The mobilization of this regiment at Camp Murray was the beginning of the Washington National Guard's participation alongside regular troops in the major battles of our country. other IOObilizations will be found in a following chapter. Needless to say the foregoing event provided the impetus for acquiring the ground now comprizing Camp Murray.

maj.<5en. lRaskrtt

The Biennial Report of The Adjutant General for the years 1901-1902 indicates that greater stress was being placed on target practice. Every man who did not fire fifty rounds upon the target range during the target season was discharged for the good of the service. It was also evident during the summer camp of 1902 that much of the pranks such as blanket tossing, running the guard, etc., which had prevailed during previous camps had given away to the serious business of training. His report on this encampment indicated, that with the exception of the Regimental drill, the summer camp of that year was the best he had ever seen. He particularly mentions the increased efficiency of the supply departments, the excellent messing facilities, and the cleanliness of the Camp as

a whole.

).5rly.<5 tn.~poon @

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I.E CHAPEAU M1gS9

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CAPT WALLACE T. BTAATZ C.O., 41ST SIGNAL CO

GO\? .JeHU

JR

;?,,)![) L'1' RICHAR)) D. MORLEY ADM ASSISTANT TO TAG

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In addition, all necessary items of e~uipment to support the above are on hand, which include such items as radios, small arms, tools, spare parts, test e~uipment, etc.

The inventory value of Federal equf.pmerrt on band is approximately $30,000,000.00 for Army National Guard and $25,000,000.00 for the Air National Guard.

Federal funds which have been expended or will be expended during the Fiscal Year ending 30 JWle 1959 will amount; to approximately $8,500,000.00, in the Army National Guard ruld $2,500,000.00 in the Air National Guard.

The major portion of the amoWlts outlined above' is spent in the State of Washington for supplies, pay of civilian employees, and pay of National Guardsmen going to schools, summer field training, etc. Approximately $3,500,000.00 is spent on pay of civilian employees alone. Axmory drill pay is an estimated $2,500,000.00

BlUG (lEN FH.:::m:rnCK F'U!lS'FJN-190!,

Responsibility for the foregoing property and for the disbursement of Federal funds ip connection therewith is vested in the United States Property and Fiscal Officer who is a Washington National Guard officer on active duty with the Army. He is responsible for all Federal property, re~uisition and storage, accOWlting for Federal funds, issuing Federal re~uests for transportation, purchasing, execution of contracts in connection with construction and furniShing logistical support for the Washington National Guard. He also serves as a Staff Officer on The Adjutant General's Staff •

. "SILl~SI!OOl'E:llS" EA.'1.LY 1890 I s

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MAJOR SpmWE SHODAKm CIVILIAN PERS· COORD

MAJOR IU,,,,,,",",,"' L. PAU:\ER OFFICm

E;C:';IJJ vn"''''".1.'/4~ &. T''iG.

'l'HEOOORE A. HASSING CRIEF OF FINAI,fCE

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1thr 'f)c\1clopmcnt ~criod

As early as 1901, Camp Murray, and adjacent areas now comprizing the Fort Lewis Reservation, were being considered as a training site for the Maneuver Division, Western Department, which was composed of all regular army troops and organized militia of the States of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. At that time three sites were under consideration, the others were in the vicinity of Spokane and the Yakima Indian Reservation.

MAJOR OOIULD E. SWANSON AIR STAFF ASSISTANT

In 1904, General Frederick Funston and his staff visited all three sites and selected the American Lake site. In June 1904, a topographical survey party, under the direction of Captain Andrew

S. Rowan, 19th U. S. Infantry, surveyed the maneuver area from which was printed the first topographical map of this area for distribution to the participating troops.

Three camps were established for the maneuver, one for the Brown force near the site of Fort Nisqually, one for the Blue force near the outlet at the north end of Lake Steilacoom, and one for the Maneuver Division Headquarters at Murray Station. The map shovtng these camps indicates that the latter was located on the hill where the Summer Camp Headquarters of the Washington National Guard now stands.

CAPT. QUENTIN C. BJ\lOO:S MILITARY ACl!D:E)!Y

The maneuver troops were organized into two brigades. The First Brigade (Blue) was composed of the 19th U. S. Infantry Regiment, the 2nd Regiment, Washington National Guard, a separate battalion of the Oregon National Guard, the 26th Battery, U. S. Field Artillery, Troop F, 9th U. S. Cavalry, Troop A, Oregon National Guard, Troop B, Washington National Guard and detachments of Medical and Signal troops from the regular army and National Guard units. The Second Brigade (Brown) was composed of the 10th U. S. Infantry Regiment, the 3rd Regiment, Oregon National Guard, the 2nd Regiment, Idaho National Guard, the 8th Battery,U. S. Field Artillery, two troops, 9th

U. S. Cavalry and Medical and Signal detachments from the regular army and the Oregon and Idaho National Guard.

The maneuver began on 7 July and ended on 19 July 1904. Participating in the maneuvers were 102 officers and 1585 enlisted men of the regular army and 170 officers and 2154 enlisted men of the Washington, Oregon, and Idaho National Guard, who passed in review

on Sunday, 17 July 1904 on the prairie just west of Lake View. The reviewing officer was the Commanding General of the Pacific Division, Major General Arthur MacArthur, father of General Douglas MacArthur. Similar maneuvers were held again during the period 11-18 August 1906, with the addition of troops from the Montana National Guard. In 1912, the Joint maneuvers were transferred to the Gray's Harbor area during the period 20-30 July. In 1914 the maneuvers were again held

at the American Lake Maneuver Area. This series was part of a nationwide program involving some 17 camps throughout the United States. As a result, the use of the term "Division" became widely used and resulted in the designation of 17 numbered Divisions composed of regular and National Guard units. The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Divisions were composed of those in the western part of the United States and the Washington National Guard was a part of the Seventeenth Division.

COL. V. I{ .FIEW ,llSA,FJi:TIREJ) Cll1F;F' C.LERK AND HISTORIAN

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The first four were former regiments assigned to Washington. The Armor regiment is new and replaces the 803d designation previously assigned to Washington.

A

1111111/

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These regimental designations were based upon regiments which were assigned to Washington in 1939 and all units must be lineal descendents of these regiments in order to utilize the new regimental designation. For this reason, it was necessary to assign a new regimental number to Washington for the 803d Tank Battalion, because it has never been previously associated with an armored regiment. Based upon the reorganization and redesignation, the two Battle Groups became the 1st and 2d of the l6lst Infantry, with the Head~uarters of the former in Spokane and the latter in Everett. The l46th Field Artillery Battalion became the 1st Howitzer Battalion, l46th Artillery. The l67th Field Artillery Battalion, a lineal descendent of the l46th, became the 2d Rocket/Howitzer Battalion, l46th Artillery. Inasmuch as the 420th AAA Battalion, 770th AM Battalion, 240th AM Battalion and the 286th AM Battalion all

trace their heritage to the 205th AM Regiment, they became 1st,

2d, 3d and 4th Battalions of the 205th, respectively, with the

date of organiZation providing the means for establishing seniority in assignment of numerical designations amongst these Battalions. Following the same pattern, the 700th AM Battalion, the only remaining descendent of the 248th Combat Arms Regiment, became the 1st Howitzer Battalion, 248th Artillery.

The present unit strength of the Washington National Guard is 80 Army units and 10 Air units. Of the Army units, 46 are Divisional units and 34 Nondivisional. Current strength of Army units is 524 officers, 105 warrant officers and 5129 enlisted men for an aggregate of 5758.

Components of the Washington Air National Guard are the Head~uarters, located at Camp Murray; the l42d Air Defense Wing under the command of Brigadier General Frank W. Frost, at Geiger Field, Spokane, Washington. Also stationed at Geiger Field are the l16th Fighter Interceptor S~uadron; l16th Weather Flight;

242d Airways and Air Connnunications Service Squadzonj Headquar-t.er's , 252d Communications Group and the 560th Air Force Band. The l43d Air Control and Warning S~uadron and the 2l5th Ground Electronics, Engineering and Installations Agency S~uadron are located at Boeing Field. The 262d Communications S~uadron is stationed at Bellingham. Current strength of the Washington Air National Guard is 143 officers 9 warrant officers and 1228 enlisted men for an aggregate of 1380.

Total strength, both Army and Air is 667 officers, 114 warrant officers and 6357 enlisted men for a grand total of 7138.

Major items of equt.pmerrt in bands of the Washington Army and Air National Guard include:

1200 motor vehicles 65 tanks

35 Aircraft

100 Artillery pieces 20 radars

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Sometime after the death of incumbent Governor Samuel G.

Cosgrove in 1909, the Camp Murray Railroad was changed to "Cosgrove Station", which name remained on the station until sometime after World War I when it was torn down. However, the reservation itself continued unde~ the name of Camp Murray.

Adjutant General Maurice Thompson in his Bienniel Report to Governor Ernest Lister in 1914 urged the construction of a fire-proof warehouse at Camp Murray for the storage of tentage, wagons and other 1'1eId equipment used each year by the troops at their annual encampment At that time the State Arsenal .ms at Seat t Le and the equipment was hauled back and forth each year. This recommendation bore fruit and

in 1915 the entire tract was fenced and the first building, known as tbe "Arsenal" was erected at Camp Murray. Gradually otber small buildings were acquired and by 1921 a residence for The Adjutant General had been completed. In February 1922, the Office of The Adjutant General was moved from the Seattle Armory to Greene Park at Camp Lewis and

from thereon the State Military Reservation developed rapidly.

With the aid of the Federal Government, permanent mess halls were constructed in several areas, buildings for storage erected and areas for drill, motor vehicle parking, parades, etc., cleared. The area was furtber developed by the construction of an Administration Building of hollow tile and concrete for the Office of The Adjutant General, following whicb that office was moved from Greene Park to the new building in February 1928.

Since that time the following buildings have been constructed: Machine Shop and Truck Shed, 1929; Artillery Materiel and

Tent Warehouse, 1933; Carpenter Shop and several cottages for custodians, 1934; Blacksmith Shop, 1935; Combined Field Maintenance Shops, 1954; Engineer Arrrory, 1956; and the most recent addition

in 195~(, the Camp Mu.rray Armory which houses the State Hq & Hq Detachment, 41st Signal Company, the 741st Ordnance Battalion, the Officer Candidate School and the offices of the Senior Army Advisor. As this is being written, the present Administration Building is being enlarged to provide additional office space and storage vaults for the voluminous records depicting the history of the Territorial Militia and the Washington National Guard which have accumulated over the past 103 years.

During th~ period from 27 October 1927 to 28 November 1940,

the Washington Nat.ional Guard, through a license issued by the War Department, occupied several hundred acres of the Fort Lewis Reservation adjacent to Camp Murray where permanent buildings such as kitchens latrines, mess halls, etc., were built for elements of the 41st Infantr Division. This area is known as Northeast Fort Lewis and is still used with the permission of Fort Lewis, for the summer encampmants of the Washington and Oregon National Guard, usually held in June of each year

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~rcs£nt <9rganization

Headquarters of the Military Department and the Washington National Guard is maintained at Camp Murray. The Staff is composed of both members of the Washington National Guard and employees of the State. The military members of the Staff perform dual functions in that they are either State or Federal employees and are also members of the Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Washington National Guard. The Military Department, which is organized along functional lines, is composed of: The Adjutant General; an Assistant Adjutant General; Operations and Training Section; Military Personnel Section; Eniineer Sectionj State Finance Section; Air National Guard Section; Civilian Technician Coordinator; Antiaircraft Artillery Coordinatorj State Quartermaster; State Maintenance Officer; and Army Aviation Officer.

The Washington Army National Guard, as currently organized, consists of Divisional and Nondivisional units. The Divisional units are assigned to the 41st Infantry DiviSion, organized in World War r. The Division at that time was composed of Nat.Lona. Guard units of several Western States and the District of Co Lumbi.a, Since World War II, it bas been composed entirely of National Guard from the States of Washington and Oregon. As a result, the Headquarters of this Division is split between them and the command rotates. At the present time, Major General George S. Cook from Washington is in command and mafrrtad.ns his headquarters in Seattle. While the command is assigned to Washington, the Assistant Division Commander, a Brigadier General, is from Oregon, with headquarters

in Portland. The Division Artillery Commander, also a Brigadier General, is from Washington and maintains his headquarters in Tacoma. The Nondivisional units of the Washington National Guard, with the exception of Transportation units, are either assigned to or attached to the ll5th AAA Brigade, under th~ command of Brigadier General Donald O. Spoon, who maintains his headquarters at Olympia •

. The Division has just completed reorganization under the Pentomic concept and the combat elements of both the Division

and Brigade redesignated under the Combat Arms Regimental System. (CARS) The latter is designed to perpetuate the lineages, honors and histories of the older regiments which have been assigned to Washington. The Division, under the Pentomic concept, will be organized into five battle groups, three from Oregon and two from Washington. Each Battle Group will compris e a Combat Support Company and five (5) lettered Companies. The two groups from Washington were formed from elements of the 161st Infantry and the surplus was utilized for other organic units and the newly created Transportation Battalion.

Under the Combat Arms Regimental System, Washington was assigned five parent regiments, into which all Infantry, Artillery and Armored units were assigned. These designations are the 161~" Infantry, the 146th, 205th and 248th Artillery, and the 303d Anr.or.

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mobil tzanun :(f)criods

President Wilson's call for mobilization of the Wasbi·ngton National Guard for Mexican Border service was received by Governor Lister on 18 June 1916 .. Telegraphic instructions to affected units were dispatched the same day by The Adjutant General, Maurice Thompson. These units were Field Company A, Signal Corps from Seattle; Troop B, C~valry, from Tacoma; Regimental Infirmary from Seattle; and 2d Washington Infantry Regiment from its various stations, under the command of Colonel William M. Inglis of Seattle. Instructions required attainment of fUll strengths through recruiting at home stations, followed by movement to the Mobilization Point at Camp Murray by 25 June 1916. All units arrived on schedule and were mustered into Federal Service on 28 June 1916 with a strength of 61 officers and 2069 enlisted men. The Signal Company, Troop B, Company M, and the Infirmary departed

for Calexico, California on 30 June and the balance of the 2d Regiment on 4 July. The entire regiment returned to Camp Murray, where they were mustered out on 8 October 1916 .. The Signal Company, and Troop B were mustered out at Vancouver Barracks on 15 February 1917.

On 17 February 1911, a law was enacted by the State Legislature and approved by the Governor creating the Naval Militia as an integral part of the Washington National Guard. Based upon instructions from the Governor and Commander-in-Chief, The Adjutant General immediately announced in General Orders a plan to form four divisions of Naval Militia, each to consist of 3 officers and 60 enlisted men. These divisions were to be formed at Seattle, Tacoma, Bremerton, Gray's Harbor, or elsewhere as might be determined. Prerequisites for appointment of officers therein were also announced in the General Orders. Following the selection of officers at an examination held aboard the "uss CHEYENNE" in Tacoma on 1.7 April, the organization of the Naval Militia began. W. Frank Andrews of Tacoma was appointed Commander and officer in charge. The 1st Division was mustered into service at Seattle on 13 May 1911. The 2d Division at Tacoma on the same date. On 27 February 1912, the 3d Division was mustered at Tacoma and on the 16th of May the 4th Division at Aberdeen. On 7

June 1915, the 3d Division was disbanded at Tacoma and reorganized with station at Seattle. The 6th Division was mustered at Everett

on 28 April 1916. Just as the Army elements attended summer training camps, the Naval Militia participated in annual training cruises aboard Naval vessels. Records indicate cruises to San Francisco, Hawaii and Alaska during the period of its existence. With the

start of World War I the 5th, 7th and 8th Divisions were activated

at Seattle, Aberdeen and Hoquiam, respectively, and all elements of the Naval Militia, under the command of Commander William B. Allison of Seattle, were mustered into Federal Service on 6 April 1917. Expansion of the Naval Militia continued after entry into World War I. On 4 August 1917 the 9th Division was mustered in at the University of Washington; the loth at Tacoma; the 11th at Bellingham, the 12th

at Hoquiam; and the 13th at Raymond, making a total of 13 Divisions provided by Washington for service on vessels in the U. S. Navy.

With the advent of the Fleet Reserve organized after World War I,

the Naval Militia was never reorganized although it was authorized

by law until 1943.

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VIC,'(SBU[(G -!'HUrlING SHIP J NAVAL MILITIA VfASHINnT011 NATIONAl GU J\RD

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erators were secured and transported by air and truck to communities without electriCity, as a result of flood action. Over 6,500 families were evacuated by Guardsmen using military vehicles.

More than 6,000 cows were moved from flood and flood threatened areas. Guard DUKW transportation was used to keep flooded roads open to civilian traffic needs. Guard planes transported medical and other emergency supplies to areas shut off by flood waters. Protection against looting was supplied by Guardsmen along the

lower Columbia. Guard manpower and equipment were used to establish community water systems, clear flood damaged roads and clear debris from flood damaged areas. Private homes and farm buildings washed away from their foundations during the flood were towed

back to their original sites by National Guard DUKWS, saving owners thousands of dollars. Cattle feed and farm produce were moved "free of charge" by Guardsmen in and out of flooded communities. A Statewide survey of flood damage was secured and maintained. for use by public and private agencies interested in intelligently assisting flood victims.

It can be readily seen from the foregoing that the history of the Washington National Guard, extending back more than 100 years has been one of constant service to the citizens of Washington.

Trucks of the Washington National Guard loaded with sandbags on pallets, alerted for emergency runs to strengthen flood weakened dikes in the Longview - Kelso area.

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In February 1917, tension began to mount relative to the involvement of the United States in the Europe~n War and it was deemed expedient by the authorities to place armed guards on duty

to protect armories and military stores. An intensive recruiting program was inaugerated by the Washington National Guard in anticipation of a call into Federal Service. Although the 3rd Washington Infantry Regiment was mustered into service f'or- guard duty on 25 March 1917, formal draft into Federal Service did not take place until 5 August 1917. Units drafted included the Infantry Regiment, Cavalry units, Signal Corps units, a Field Hospital and a Battalion of Field Artillery. All Washington troops, except the Field Hospita: and the Coast Artillery Companies were assigned to the 41st Infantry Division. The designation of the Infantry Regiment was changed to the 161st and as a regiment saw no action at the front, although from its ranks went thousands of men into front line units as replacements. Colonel Inglis served the greater part of the time as its Commander. The Field Artillery Battalion became a part of the 146th Field Artillery Regiment, under the command of Colonel Paul

H. Weyrauch of Walla Walla, and saw its first service in France on 11 July 1918. This regiment saw constant service thereafter until the Armistice in the Aise-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns. The 116th Field Signal Battalion, Company A, expanded, served as a Training Battalion and trained some 4,000 replacements for front line Signal units. The l16th Train Headquarters and Military Police, which was composed of former Washington Cavalry units, were engaged in Military Police duty in all parts of France. The Coast Artillery Companies, numbered trom 1st to 12th, inclusive, the Washington Field Hospital, non-commissioned staff and Coast Artillery Band, were drafted into service at Forts Worden, Flagler and Casey. Most of the personnel of these units were integrated into the 63rd and 6)th Artillery regiments which arrived in France in July 1910, but. saw no front line ac t Lon . Following thei r return from France in 1919, individuals were mustered out of Federal servic{ with the Artillery members being separated at Canrp Lewis and others at eastern stations.

GUlUtL)SM.l:J) H.i:$!"UNUlbiG 'ru il';1ri DISASTROUS FLOODS C'F Tm~ COUnlBl A

n: 19{IB

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Just prior to the outbreak of World \{ar II, the 103rd AntiTank Battalion and the 205th Coast Artillery Regiment (AA) were authorized the State of Washington, wit.h Headquarters of the former in Tacoma and that of the latter in Olympia. Induction of the Washington National Guard had been anticipated several months in advance, and under Executive Order No. 8350 of the President, signed on 31 August 1940, all Washington e Lemerrt s of the 41st Infantry DiviSion, except the 41st Tank Company, were directed to mobilize

at t.heir Armories on 16 September 1940 for illlIl'.ediate induction

into the service of the United states. The movement was effected wtih prec.ision and dispatch, all elements being at their respective t=ining eamps within five days after induction. The 24Bth Coast Art i Ll.e r-y was i.nducted on the same day with station at Fort Worden. Tbe 20)th Coast Artillery (M) and the l03rd Anti-Tank Battalion,

... .h l c h included the 41st Tank Company, redesignated as Company C, .,ere inducted into service on 3 February and 10 February 1941, n',c'fJectively. Thus all federally recognized units of the Washington N'l t Lona L Guard had been mustered into Feder-a l, Service.

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Following a cloudburst at Wenatchee, in September of 1925, the Howitzer Company of the 161st Infantry, within fifteen minutes, had assembled at the Armory, and proceeded to the disaster area. Their prompt arrival resulted in the saving of several persons, including three children who had been pinned down in the wreckage of dwelling· houses in the path of the flood.

In 1926, following a fire in the main cell block of the State Penitentiary at Walla Walla, mew~ers of Company F, 16lst Infantry proceeded thereto, thereby preventing a mass breakout of prisoners who had been turned out into the prison yard. During the period from 1927 to 1929 the Army Air Corps of the Washington National Guard was called out on numerous air searches for lost persons and downed planes.

During the latter part of June 1935, while the troops of the Washington National Guard were assembled at Camp Murray for the annual Field Training Encampment, a strike among the workers in

t:he mill and lumber industry of Western Washington assumed such threatening proportions as to jeopardize the safety of persons and property. Outbreaks of violence and disorder had become so serious that the use of the Washington National Guard became apparent •

. Based upon a decision of the Governor, one battalion of the l6lst Infantry was ordered into State service, with Headg_uarters in Tacoma. Following the completion of field training, the balance of the 161st and the 248th CA were ordered into service, along with other elements attending field training. During this period, troops were also stationed in Aberdeen, where the situation there was also precarious. By the end of July most of the troops had been withdrawn, with the exception of Aberdeen, where the troops were finally withdrawn on 9 August 1935.

The last and most recent use of the National Guard troops

for State duty occurred during the great floods of the Columbia River in 1948. From May to Noveniber, officers and enlisted men

of the Washington National Guard operated under orders of the Governor of the State of Washington. Warned of threatening floods by weather forecasters, the Governor mobilized guard units to assist in the early evacuation of threatened areas. In order to save millions of dollars worth of personal property and possibly many lives, this action was taken in advance of immediate needs, anticipating and avoiding the type of tragedy which had struck Vanport, Oregon. As the disaster developed, Guardsmen from Spokane, Omak, Okanogan, Ellensburg, Yakima, Prosser, Pasco, Richland, Kennewick, Walla Walla, Vancouver, Chehalis, Aberdeen, Olympia, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Tacoma and Seattle operated in twelve counties hit by floods. Temporary housing and bedding were supplied by the Guard and moved into needy areas. Some 243,000 sandbags were transported by air and ground units to threatened areas. In one area, 8 1/2 miles of dike were built two feet

higher and twenty feet wider in one twenty-four hour period. Eg_uipment and manpower were secured for the reconstruction of irrigation ditches in the Methow Valley. Seven electrical gen-

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Al though the 161st Infantry, "Washington' s own", was a part of the 41st Infantry Division when inducted into Federal Service, following a reorganization of that Division from a "Square" type to a "Triangular" type (3 Infantry Regiments instead of 4), it

was removed from the 41st and assigned to the 25th Infantry Division. In August of 1942, the regiment was ordered from Fort Lewis to Hawaii to replace a regiment of the Hawaiian National Guard. The regiment saw some action at Guadalcanal until the 25th was ordered to Munda where it became a full and equal partner in the division by dint of the hard fighting professional attitude it displayed on New Georgia Island. Following this engagement the 161st accompanied the division to the Philippines where it earned an enviable record of 165 days of continuous combat on the Island of LUZon and also its Philippine Presidential Unit Citation. The regiment accompanied the 25th to Japan from where it was relieved from active duty at Nagoya on 1 November 1945.

The 248th Coast Artillery remained at Fort Worden and other defences of Puget Sound until 25 April 1944 when it was transferred to Camp Barkeley, Texas and disbanded. The personnel of this regiment were transferred to the 768th, 769th and 804th Field Artillery Battalions which saw service in the European Theater.

The 205th Coast Artillery (AA) Regiment, originally stationed at Fort Lewis, performed duty in Alaska and the Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles until August 1944 when it was ordered to Camp Bowie. Texas where it was inactivated on 24 August 1944 and the personnel thereof transferred to other Coast Artillery units in the 4th A~ area.

The 103rd Anti-Tank Battalion, stationed at Fort LeWiS, originally was redesignated the 103rd Infantry Battalion, AntiTank on 24 July 1941 and again on 15 December 1941 to the 803rd Tank Destroyer Battalion. On 1 August 1941, the Battalion arrived at Fort Hood, Texas, from where it was moved to Fort Dix, New Jersey and thence to Pine Camp, New York for further training. Sailing for the European Theater on 24 June 1943 it participated in the Northern France, Ardennes, Central Europe, Normandy and Rhineland campaigns. The Battalion was inactivated at Fort Dix, New Jersey on 1 December 1945.

With the outbreak of hostilities in Korea in late June of 1950, orders were received at Camp Murray for the induction into Federal service of non-divisional units of the Washington National Guard. The 115th AAA Operations Detachment from Olympia and the 770th AAA Gun Battalion from Seattle were inducted on 14 August 1950. Hq & Hq Battery, 66th Field Artillery Group from Seattle was inducted on 11 September 1950. All Air National Guardsmen had been inducted by 1 May 1951. Army elements were released

in July 1952 and Air National Guard units in February 1953.

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UPPER:

IN

F(('DING STHEAM .. tT MINDA.NAO

- IJt.rrNG A CA.BIJ~ - C£:lrrm - ABOAHD DtH:W -. HIGll11 .... BIAK

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i'ummcr «ramps

In a previous chapter devoted to the formative period mention

is frequently made of "camps of instruction", "summer training camps" or merely "summer camps". These terms are synonymous. It is at these camps that the National Guardsmen are brought each summer to learn the military tactics and techniques which cannot be taught in the armories during weekly drill periods. Not only does such a camp present the opportunity to conduct target practice and conduct tactical problems over large areas but it also permits the commander to determine the efficiency of his unit and the amunt of training the individual has absorbed during the jIIlst year in the Anoory.

It is for the same reasons that Adjutant General O'Brien called for the first encampment or so called "camp of instruction" in 1885. He was desirous of conducting mass drills and mass skirmishing tactics. The individual can be trained in the theory and fundamentals of his position, in the class room, but, in order to perfect the necessary teamwork required of a unit on the battlefield, the opportunity must be provided to put theoretical knowledge into actual practice. Thus the summer training camp must of necessity take place annually or oftener in order to develop the guardsmen into fully trained units capable of taking their places alongside regular army units.

PIP-Sf REGIM!£NT OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL GUARD LINING UP ron THE I.TH OF JULY PAItADE AT SECOND AND COWMBIA IN SEAT'l'I..E,lSB9

The Department of the A:rmy and the Department of the Air Force provide the bulk of equipment, supplies and pay of the individual

at these summer camps. Through the A:rmy or Air Force Advisory Group, the degree of training of National Guardsmen is measured to insure that the dollars allocated by these Departments are being well spent. Needless to say that the records of these encampments over the past fifty years indicate that the Washington National Guard has always bad favorable ratings for these encampments.

Throughout the years, the Washington National Guard, has almost always bad several branches of services assigned. Each type of service requires different training. In order to secure the type

of facilities required for each type of service it has been necessary that such training be conducted at a camp or post where such facilities exist. Thus over the years, the sunmer- camps for the Washington Nation al Guard have been held at various places and at different times. Infantry units have usually trained at Camp Murray using Fort Lewis facilities. Coast Artillery units, when such were assigned, trained at Fort Worden or other Puget Sound Defense stations. Artillery training, prior to World War II, was conducted at Camp Murray and Fort Lewis Today, because of the high velocity of some of the weapons, these camps are now held at the Yakima Firing Center where the range is not limited as it is at Fort Lewis.

FIP-ST REGIMJl;NTAL BAND OF' THE W'A5!LLliGTON NATIONAL (,13 ARD IN FRONT OF THE ARJ,{ORY WRING THE SEATTLE FIRE IN JUNE, H189

With the exception of 1917 and the period during World War II, encampments have been held annually since 1902. Personnel attending . camp receive the same rates of pay and allowances as that of the regular army. In 1902 the officer received $2.00 per day and the enlisted man $1.50 while attending summer camp.

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would have been far greater, due to looting, had the National Guard not been present. The cost to the State for their services was approximately $4,000.00 for the 15 days. Similarly, troops of the Washington National Guard were called out during,the great fires at Spokane and Vancouver the same year and also during labor riots at the coal mipes at Newcastle.

In 1891, mining troubles in King County required one-half of

the strength of the Washington National Guard for a period of three weeks, following a series of disorders which culminated in an organized armed mob taking over the mines on 24 June. The National Guard was called into service of the State to suppress these disorders and restore the property to its rightfUl owners. Troops engaged were Companies B, D and E, 1st Regiment, of Seattle, Companies C and G, 1st Regiment and Troop B, 1st Cavalry Battalion, of Tacoma. During this disorder, several men lost their lives and a number were wounded in bringing an end to riot and disorder.

Several companies of the Washington National Guard were called out for duty in 1891 during conflict between striking miners and negroes of King County and were alerted for duty in connection with an Indian outbreak on the Okanogan Indian Reservation; at Sprague

on 3 August 1895 during a fire; at Ellensburg on 19 August 1895 to protect prisoners from an organized mob; and again at the same place in December for two days to protect the citizens from an angry mob.

On 3 April 1896, Washington fishermen at Baker's Bay, near - Illwaco, were attacked by a mob of some 300 striking Oregon fishermen. Their traps were destroyed and pile drivers were floated out to sea.' Based upon a request from the Sheriff of Pacific County, Brigadier General 1ugene M. Carr and a detacbment of 40 officers and enlisted men departed from Seattle on 9 April 1896. The Detacbment, under

the command of Captain Frank E. Adams, remained at Illwaco until

2 July 1896 thereby permitting Wasbington citizens to reestablish their traps and operate the canneries for the annual catch of salmon worth hundreds of thousands of dollars.

During a typhoid epidemic at Centralia in December 1913, and January 1914, a detachment of the Medical Corps, Washington National Guard, was called out and established an emergency hospital until the epidemic subsided.

In 1918 and 1919 troops were called out during labor disturbances in Seattle and Everett. On 11 November 1919, Company F was called

out from Tacoma, following the slaying of four veterans at a parade

at Centralia.

In 1918 and again in 1921, troops were called out for forest fire protection duty in- State forests.

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WASHINGTON NATIONAL CRlARDSMAN PERFORMING SEN'rnY OOTY AT A !RANCH OF THE DEXTER HORTON BANK AF1'EJi FIRE TIt JUNE,1889

NATIONAL CRlARDSJ.lF1! PERFORMING DUTY IN CON~lECTION WITH THE "FOUND BUREAU" ESTABLISHED NEAR THE PRESFJlT SITE OF THE FEDERAL 3'JIWING DURING THE GREAT SEATTLE FIRE IN JUNE, 1889

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The revised Military Code of Washington provides that the Governor may'order out the Washington National Guard, in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief, to suppress riots and disorders or to aid the citizen in time Qf disaster. This authority has existed almost from the time Washington became a Territory. The original Militia lays of the Territory did not provide such authority. Nevertheless, Governor Stevens, under alleged authority of the Organic Act creating the Territory, declared martial law in both Pierce and Thurston counties to prevent persons, alleged to be assisting the hostile Indians during the Indian Wars of 1855-56, from being released from arrest under a vrit of habeus corpus. Although crit:l,cized for his actions, he vas supported by

most citizens as evidenced by the fact that in the revision

of the l"LU.i tia Laws in 1857 authority vas granted the Governor to order out the Militia in such emergen~ies.

The present laws provide authority for the Governor to proclaim complete or limited martial law anywhere in the State. Complete marti .. bL law is the subordination of all civil authority

to the military. Limited martial law is partial subordination

of civil authority by setting up an additional police power vested in the military force with the right to try any person apprehended by it in such area by a military tribunal or turn such offender over to the civilian authorities within five days for further action, during which time the vrit of habeus corpus shall be suspended in behalf of such person. The only other incident

in Washington I s history in which complete martial law was proclaimed by a Governor was during the Chinese Incident in Seattle in February of 1886. In this he was backed up by the President of the United States who also proclaimed Seattle under martial law and directed the movement of regular army troops to the scene to restore law and order. The Organized Militia, composed of the Seattle Rifles, the Queen City Guards, two companies of Home Guards and a Company of Cadets from the University of Washington, was called out by the Governor to assist local lay enforcement agencies in quelling an effort by the anti-Chinese element to oust all of the Chinese residents of Seattle. These organized units under the personal direction of Governor Squire and his military staff took complete control of the situation and continued to maintain law and order until relieved by troops of the regular army from Vancouver Barracks. Since that time the Washington National Guard has participated in many major incidents and many errands of mercy.

In the Great Fire of Seattle, in 1889, three companies from Seattle were called out for use in protecting life and property of its citizens. With the entire business area of Seattle burning, the streets crowded with men, women and children, rushing from the scene of the fire, the three companies proved insufficient to maintain order, and the Governor ordered two companies from Tacoma to assist the Seattle units. These troops served 15 days, during which time about 120 acres had been devastated by the fire, with loss of property in excess of $15,000,000.00. It vas the unanimous

opinion of the citizens of Seattle, at that time, that the loss

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