Smooth Muscle (teased) 100X

single cell

many cells joined by

tight junctions
 SMOOTH MUSCLE
 Unstriated & actin filament group and
bind to a point named dense body ≡ Z
line ( actin filament actin arrange
parallel at skeletal muscle).
Structure: fuseform, 1 nucleus at center &
connected by gap-Junction), L 20~500µ, w
20-60µ, Thick 5~10µ, varicosity (neuro
muscular junction) .
Unstriated and under control of the
Autonomic Nervous System
 Smooth Muscle Contraction
Resembles skeletal muscle contraction
• interaction between actin and myosin
• both use calcium and ATP
• both are triggered by membrane impulses
Different from skeletal muscle contraction
• smooth muscle lacks troponin
• smooth muscle uses calmodulin
• two neurotransmitters (Ach & NE) affect smooth
muscle & hormones affect smooth muscle
• stretching can trigger smooth muscle contraction
• smooth muscle slower to contract and relax
• smooth muscle more resistant to fatigue
• smooth muscle can change length without changing
tautness
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
 Myosin (1/3), Actin long (3X),
tropomyosin, no troponin to bind with
Ca2+ replace with calmodulin.
 Control:
1. Diameter: sphincter at blood vessels &
GIT, bronchiole, iris muscle & siliary
muscle at eyes, piloerector.
2. Seize & pressure at hollow salur: urinary
bladder, uterus.
• Smooth muscle
• Elongated
• Spindle-shaped cells
• Mononuclear
• Slower increase in
• intracellular Ca2+ levels
• (no triads)
• Slower contraction
• Unstriated and under control of the
Autonomic Nervous System
• Cells not striated
• single central nucleus
• size ranges from 5-15 μm diameter, 200-300 μm
length
• Gap Junctions between cells
• considerable connective tissue sheaths for
strength
• much slower contractions that are sustained for
prolonged periods of time.
Struktur Otot Licin
Myosin (1/3)
Z line

long actin(3X), tropomyosin, no troponin bind Ca2+

replace by calmodulin

Gap Junction
HISTOLOGY OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
• State of contraction affects
appearance
Spindle Type
Structure
Structure smooth muscle & skeletal muscle
Structure: think & thick filament, little
Sacroplamic reticulum, no sarcomeres-
binding pattern, no T tubule.
Electric: unstabil resting membrane
potential (-45~ -60 mV), basal electrical
rhythm (BER) causes muscle tone),
depolarization Ca2+ / Na+, duration of
action AP 30-300 ms, conduction rate
6cm / Sec.
Structure smooth muscle & skeletal muscle
 Nerve: autonomic nervous system (Somatic
nervous system skeletal muscle)
1. Sympatetic NS- excitation / inhibition
2. Parasymptetic NS- excitation / inhibition
 Contraction can be sum & tetanus can last for
long time (hour, day, months, year).
 Contraction prossses is slow
• Spindle shaped cells
• Relatively small compared to skeletal and
cardiac muscle (–2-5 μm wide, –50-200 μm long)
• Actin/myosin ratio: greater in smooth muscle
(10:1) than in skeletal muscle (2:1).
• No sarcomeres (hence the name smooth)
• Lack neat hexagonal arrangement of actin and
myosin
Plasticity
• Stress relaxation property of smooth
muscle
• allows muscle to adjust to stretching
without putting undo pressure on
contents of organ
Ca2+ : involve in depolarization of AP
& cause smooth muscle contraction.
Ca2+ source:
1. Extracellular: membrane potential
dependent channel, receptor
Neurotransmitter or hormone linked
channel.
2. SR: via second messenger c-AMP, IP3,
& c GMP.
3. Ca2+ ↓ by Na+ / Ca2+ channel at
membrane.
Smooth muscle contraction & tetanus depend on Ca2+

Tetanus of smooth muscle can be sustain as long present

of Ca2+
 Sumber Ca2+
1. Extracelular: 1. membrane potential
dependent channel

1. receptor Neurotransmitter or
hormone linked channel

2. SR: via second messenger

cAMP, IP3 ,& c GMP.
3. Ca2+ ↓ by Na+ / Ca2+
channel at membrane & SR.
Type of smooth muscle
☛ I. Single unit / viscera
1. Cell connected by gap junction with low
resistance via one layer channel protein.
(uterus, urogenital, artery wall & small wein,
bile duct, urinary bladder and GIT.
2. Pacemaker neuron generate Basal
electrical rhythm (BER) cause muscle tone
& AP generate cause muscle to contract
(syncytium). ANS only modify the activity
sympathetic ↓but parasympathetic
3. Stretch will cause contraction &
extreme cause pain (bile colic, intestine
colic, uterus during childbirth).
4. Very sensitive to PH, temperature,
hormone, chemicals.
• Smooth muscle cells are linked
electrically via gap junctions so they can
stimulate each other causing a wave like
action potential
• This is also referred to as a
FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM
Healthy tissues
smooth muscle cells line up
ANS Single unit

ANS Multi unit

 Types of smooth muscle
II. multiunit
1.Individual cell & nerve innervated into
each cell (no gap junction). Contraction
control by ANS if cut will paralyze
muscle.
example; iris & ciliary's muscle in eyes,
large blood vessel wall, large air way,
some parts of GIT, respiration system,
Base of hair follicles (piloerector)
muscle in skin.
2. Contraction initial by ANS →(↑) &
local contraction (-ve pacemake cell ∴
no muscle tone).
Hormone influence →↑ / ↓
contractility & but initial contraction.
3. Stretch will no cause muscle
contraction
4. Muscle contraction influences by local
factors & hormone will inluence
contraction & Ca2+ level.
Process of muscle contraction (slowly):
1. Ca2+ bind to calmodulin.
2. Ca2+-calmodulin bind Myosin Light
Chain Kinase
3. MLCK utilize ATP to phosphorylate
myosin.
4. Phosphorylated cross bridge will bind
with actin filament then cross bridge
cycle occur cause muscle contract.
Mechanism of contraction
2. Ca2+-calmodulin bind Myosin Light
1. Ca2+ bind calmodulin. Chain Kinase (MLCK)

3. MLCK utilize ATP to phosphorylate myosin

4. Phosphorylated cross bridge bind to actin filament then

cross bridge cycle occur caused muscle contraction.