By Shariq Ansari

BLOOD BANK

DEFINITION:

A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood

components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored
and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.

The term "Blood bank" typically refers to a division of a

hospital laboratory where the storage of blood product occurs
and where proper testing is performed to reduce the risk of
transfusion related events. This includes compatibility testing
for transfusion and may include blood donation processing,
depending on the capabilities of the facility.
 INTRODUCTION
 Today, it is not just a bank to collect & issue blood, it prepares and supplies
individual blood component, to the patients as and when the need arises during the
course of treatment.

 The planning & management of any blood bank depends on number of functions
it is required to serve and the number of units of demand of blood & blood
products.

 In recent years blood transfusion services have become an integral part of the
health care system. The primary objective planning for a blood bank is to ensure
adequacy, accessibility and efficient supply of blood & its products in a safe, cost
effective and coordinated manner.

 A Blood Bank today is a place or organization or unit or institution or other

arrangements made by such organization, unit or institution for carrying out all, or
any of the operations for collection, apheresis, storage, processing & distribution
of blood components.
 FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD BANK
The following are the functions of blood bank in modern medicine:

Selection of donors (i.e.) to determine the suitability

↓
Blood collection
↓
Screening of blood for various blood borne diseases
↓
Component preparation
↓
Storage of blood & blood products
↓
Record keeping of the above
↓
Training of medical & paramedical staff
↓
Research.
 PLANNING DETAILS
Following are the part of planning program of a blood bank and
transfusion centre.
1. Locations and Surroundings
2. Space Requirements
3. Functional & Operational Aspects
4. Staffing of Blood Bank
5. List of Equipment in the Blood Bank
6. Waste Disposal
7. Record Keeping
8. Good Manufacturing Practices / SOPS
 Frozen blood
Frozen blood is the newest concept in blood banking. It is needed in a
tertiary level hospital because, Frozen RBC has a shelf life of one
year. All parameters of blood cells is maintained for a year. In this
case 4-5 days of old blood is generally frozen. it allows building a
long term inventory of rare blood groups. Frozen cells can also be
effectively stocked for military mobilization or for any civil disaster.
 
Blood banks in India are regulated by
Drug Control Act

Blood is considered here as drug

 CORD BLOOD BANK

• A cord blood bank is a facility

which stores umbilical cord blood
for future use.
• Both private and public cord blood
banks have developed since the
mid- to late-1990s in response to
the potential for cord blood
transplants in treating diseases of
the blood and immune systems.
 Benefits of Banking Cord Blood
• Cord blood stem cells are currently used in the treatment of several life-
threatening diseases, and play an important role in the treatment of blood and
immune system related genetic diseases, cancers, and blood disorders.

• The first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful
treatment of a six-year-old boy afflicted by Fanconi anemia in 1988. Since then,
cord blood has become increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can
be used in stem cell therapy.

• Recent studies have shown that cord blood has unique advantages over traditional
bone marrow transplantation, particularly in children, and can be life-saving in rare
cases where a suitable bone-marrow donor cannot be found.

• Researchers are exploring the use of cord blood stem cells in the following
regenerative medicine applications.
a. Type 1 Diabetes.
b. Cardiovascular.
c. Central Nervous System.
 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE BLOOD BANK
.

The quality requirements involve :-

• Quality control and proficiency testing
• Internal and external audits
• Personnel and organization
• Premises, equipment and materials
• Documentation
• Blood processing
• Complaints and component recall
• Investigation of errors and accidents
 QUALITY CONTROL INCLUDES

1. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN COLLECTION OF BLOOD

2. QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY

 
3. INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL

4. EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE

5. QUALITY CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE TEST

6. QUALITY CONTROL IN TRANSFUSION PRACTICE

 Chemical
Biologic Event
Explosive Event
Device

Radiation
DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE
Transfusion Services

Major Fires Building Collapse Blizzards

 DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE Transfusion Services

• The blood bank or transfusion service shall have emergency

operation plans, to respond to the effects of disasters.

• The intent of this requirement is that facilities have policies,

processes, and procedures that address both employee safety
and that ensure the facility’s ability to provide clinical care
during times of extreme need, whether disasters be internal or
external.

• Some examples of management planning include maintaining

multiple alternate providers for critical services and supplies,
alternative options for transportation of blood samples and
personnel, alternative site location, and staffing alternatives.
 DISASTER PLAN
Transfusion Services

• Initiation of Disaster Response

• Clarity of Communication
• Definition of Responsibilities
• Personnel, Reagents, Equipment, etc.
• Blood Procurement
(Blood Substitutes when they are available.)
• Patient Identification
• Degree of Testing
• Issuing, Transportation (pneumatic Tube), and Storage
• Termination of Disaster Response
Thank You