By :

Dr Tooth Concepts

Blood Coagulation
 What is Coagulation ???
Definition:
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the
process by which blood changes from a liquid to
a gel, forming a blood clot. It potentially results
in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a
damaged vessel, followed by repair.
The mechanism of coagulation involves
activation, adhesion and aggregation of 
platelets, as well as deposition and maturation
of fibrin.
 basic

Cascade of enzymatic reaction at the end of

which
Soluble insoluble fibrin
Fibrinogen strands
Process of Blood
Clotting
Clotting Factors : Procoagulants

Bone & Gut

Labile factor
Stages of coagulation
 Two Pathways Are Involved

Intrinsic pathway extrinsic pathway

Exposed collagen Damaged tissue

•No external protien source Requires exposure to

required extravascular tissue
factor for triggering

Both of these pathways come together at the level of

Factor x
 INTRINSIC PATHWAY

FACTORS INVOLVED:- 12,11,9,10

(4,5,8,9,10,11,12)
XII XIIa
Ca 2+
XI XIa
Ca 2+

IX IXa
VIII a , IVa

X Xa
 EXTRINSIC PATHWAY

FACTORS INVOLVED:- 3,7,10

(4,5,3,7,10) INJURY TO BLOOD
VESSEL
RELEASE OF
(FACTOR
THROMBOPLASTIN
III)

VII VIIa

X Xa
 Coagulation Cascade
INTRINSIC PATHWAY EXTRINSIC
XII PATHWAY
XI
III
IX
VII
VIII PROTHROMBIN
PARTIAL
TIME
THROMBOPLASTI
N TIME ‘Xa’

V, Ca (IV), Lipids

Prothrombin (II) Thrombin

XIII, Ca
Fibrinogen Fibrin
(Blood Clot)