Department of Education: Learning Activity Sheet

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
LAMBAYONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS CLUSTER
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: ___________ Score: _____
Subject: Science 10 Teacher: ___________________________
Quarter: 4____ Week: 3-___ MELC Code: S10MTIVc-d-23_______
BIOMOLECULES
A. What’s New
 In Grade 9, you learned about the general classes of compounds, the
structure of carbon atom, type of bond it forms and its uses.
 In Grade 10, you will learn the four major biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, protein, lipids and nucleic acids and recognize contribution
to the living world.
B. What Is It?
4 Major Biomolecules
1. Carbohydrates - are the most abundant class of molecules. They are known to
be the chief energy source of all living organisms. Carbohydrates are all made up of
elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Classification of Carbohydrates
A. Micromolecule- monosaccharide;
 Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in nature since it provides
the immediate source of energy of the body’s cells and tissues.
B. Macromolecules- disaccharide and polysaccharide.
 Disaccharides contain two monosaccharides units joined together by a
covalent bond knowns as glycosidic linkage.
 Maltose and lactose are the other disaccharides. Maltose is also known as
malt sugar while lactose is known as milk sugar.
 Carbohydrates that contain 10 monosaccharide units are called
polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are the common
polysaccharides.
2. Lipids - are water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen. It act as chemical messenger and stored energy.
 Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three
fatty acids.
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REGION XII
3. Proteins - are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through a
peptide bonds. Function as enzymes, pigments and steroids hormones.
 Amino acids are the building block of protein. The normal amino acid is
composed of a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen (H), a carboxyl group (-
COOH) d amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.
 Insulin – simplest protein, the substance injected to diabetic patients.
4. Nucleic acids - The building blocks of living organisms. They are responsible in
encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic information.
 Nucleotide has three components: a phosphoric acid molecule phosphate
(PO4 3-, a five carbon sugar molecule, and a molecule of a nitrogen-
containing base.
 There are two types of nucleic acids. These are the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and the ribonucleic acid (RNA). They differ in sugar content. RNA
contains the sugar ribose while DNA contains a sugar known as deoxyribose.
 The two purine bases are the adenine (A) and guanine (G) while the three
pyrimidine bases are the thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).
C. Learning Activities
Activity 1: Choose Wisely!
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper (10 items only)
1. Biomolecules are organic molecules being produced by living organisms. Which

group comprises the four main biomolecules?
a. carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid, amino acid
b. carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid
c. protein, lipid, nucleic acid, triglyceride
d. protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide
2. Which of the following elements is present in carbohydrates?
a. carbon b. hydrogen c. nitrogen d. oxygen
3. Disaccharides are double sugars. Which one is not a disaccharide?
a. maltose b. galactose c. sucrose d. lactose
4. Which is NOT true about lipids?
a. They are hydrophilic.
b. They are hydrophobic
c. They can be dissolved away by solvents that are non-polar
like ether and benzene.
d. Glycerol and fatty acids are its building blocks.
5. Which of the following groups are all classified as polysaccharide?
a. sucrose, glucose and fructose

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REGION XII
b. maltose, lactose, and fructose

c. glycogen, sucrose and maltose
d. glycogen, cellulose and starch
6. The sugar in RNA is , the sugar in DNA is .
a. deoxyribose, ribose c. ribose, phosphate
b. ribose, deoxyribose d. ribose, uracil
6. Which group of biomolecules, amino acids belong?
a. proteins c. lipids
b. carbohydrates d. nucleic acid
7. A nucleotide structure always has three components: a five carbon sugar
molecule, a molecule of nitrogen-containing base, and a molecule of .
a. sulfate(SO42-) c. carbonate (CO22-)
b. phosphate (PO43-) d. nitrate (NO3-)
8. DNA and RNA are the two known nucleic acids. All of the following shows
differences between the two nucleic acids, EXCEPT one____. .
a. DNA contains sugar deoxyribose; RNA contains sugar ribose.
b. DNA has a uracil (U) nitrogen base; RNA has a thymine (T) nitrogen
base
c. DNA is a double helix; RNA is a single helix.
d. DNA is self-replicating; RNA is synthesized from DNA when needed.
9. Nutritional chemists have found that burning 1 gram of fat releases twice the
amount of heat energy as burning 1 gram of starch. Based on this information,
which type of biomolecule would cause a person to gain more weight?
a. carbohydrate b. fat c. proteins d. nucleic
10. Nutritional chemists have found that burning 1 gram of fat releases twice the
amount of heat energy as burning 1 gram of starch. Based on this information,
which type of biomolecule would cause a person to gain more weight?
a. carbohydrate b. fat c. proteins d. nucleic acid
ACTIVITY 2: Getting to Know the Biomolecules
DIRECTIONS: Analyze the structure of biomolecules (A-D) given below and answer
the guide questions. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. What are the elements present in each structure for carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acid?
2. Are these structural formulas the same? Yes or no.
A. CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES

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REGION XII
H H H H
H H
H H
Glucose Fructose Galactose
DISACCHARIDES
Sucrose (glucose – fructose)
Lactose (galactose – glucose)
Maltose (glucose – glucose)
POLYSACCHARIDES (amylose starch)

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REGION XII
B. PROTEINS
C. LIPIDS
NAME STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Lauric CH3(CH2)10 COOH
Myristic CH3(CH2)12 COOH
Palmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Stearic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2 )7COOH
Linoleic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2 )(CH2)6COOH
Linolenic CH3(CH2)(CH=CHCH2) 3(CH2)6COOH
Arachidonic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH
D. NUCLEIC ACIDS

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
REGION XII
D. References

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
REGION XII
Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A.,
Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10
Learner’s Material. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines.
Valdoz, Meliza P., et. Al Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy.865 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Books Store, 2017.
LAS Development Team
Writer: Mark Gil Gabales, T-III

Editor: Salvador F. Movilla, P-I
Evaluator: Leonora D. De Leon, MT-II
School: Lambayong Secondary Schools Cluster

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007

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Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

1. Biomolecules are organic molecules being produced by living organisms. Which

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

b. maltose, lactose, and fructose

ACTIVITY 2: Getting to Know the Biomolecules

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Sucrose (glucose – fructose)

Lactose (galactose – glucose)

Maltose (glucose – glucose)

POLYSACCHARIDES (amylose starch)

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

NAME STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

LAS Development Team

Writer: Mark Gil Gabales, T-III

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

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