RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Science 10
Quarter 4 Week 4
The Molecules of Life

MELC: Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,

proteins, and nucleic acids
Objectives:
1. Differentiate biomolecules from each other in terms of:
a. Classification
b. Sources
c. Composition and Structure
d. Monomers
e. Functions
f. Examples;
2. Construct a concept table about biomolecules; and
3. Consider how important balance and variety are in a healthy diet.

Key Concepts

Biomolecules, also called biological molecules, are the numerous

substances that are produced by cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have
a wide range of sizes and structures and perform a vast array of functions. The
four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids,
and proteins.
Each of them has many examples, such as bread for carbohydrates, oil
for lipids, and lean meat and DNA for proteins and nucleic acids, respectively.
Moreover, they have also their monomers or building blocks like
monosaccharide, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides.

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Each biomolecule is significant for many bodily functions and play a very important
role in the biochemical reaction of the human body.

In order to find out the type of biomolecule according to its food sources, you can
perform Activity 1.

Activity 1: Guess the Word!

Directions: Based on the given pictures below identify the type of biomolecule being
described.

1.

Photo credits from:

https://chriskresser.com/raw-milk-reality-is-raw-milk-dangerous/comment-page-10/
https://www.123rf.com/photo_21201854_pieces-of-raw-chicken-meat.html
https://pngtree.com/freepng/fish-meat_5648213.html
https://performancefoodservice.com/Explore-Products-and-Services/Custom-Solutions/Cheese-Processing

2.

Photo credits from:

https://www.jessicagavin.com/how-to-cook-rice/
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https://nutriasia.com/recipes/pinoy-spaghetti/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/280579#10_possible_health_benefits
https://butterwithasideofbread.com/white-bread-recipe/

3.

Photo credits from:

https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/273409/air-fryer-spicy-roasted-peanuts/
https://www.target.com/p/extra-virgin-olive-oil-25-5-fl-oz-good-38-gather-8482/-/A-77600245
https://food.ndtv.com/opinions/butter-versus-margarine-who-wins-1292124
https://www.hmicronpowder.com/industries/food/legumes

4.

Photo credits from:

https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/vegetable-of-the-month-broccoli
https://bonnieplants.com/product/leeks/
https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/industry_sector/seafood/
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/02/28/npr-books-rise-of-yeast

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GUIDE QUESTIONS:

Q1. Based on the “Guess the Word” (4 pics, 1 word) activity above, what are the food
sources of each biomolecule? Identify the names of the picture in each box. Write your
answers inside the box.

carbohydrates proteins

nucleic acids lipids

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Biomolecules as a form of chemical compounds are naturally present in most of the

living things. Try to do the next activity to find out the elements that are incorporated to form
such type of biomolecule based from its structure.

Activity 2: What’s My Composition!

Directions:
Identify the elemental composition of each biomolecule structure based on the elements
present. Place your answers in the last column by writing only the element symbols present
in each structure.

Table 3. Structure and Elements Composition of Biomolecule

STRUCTURE ELEMENTS PRESENT ELEMENTS COMPOSITION

Carbohydrates

hydrogen
carbon

oxygen

Proteins
hydrogen

nitrogen
oxygen
carbon

Nucleic Acids
phosphorous
hydrogen

nitrogen
oxygen
carbon

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Lipids

hydrogen

oxygen
carbon
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
Q1. What are the elements which are present in all of the categories of the biomolecules?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What are the similarities of proteins and nucleic acids based on the composition of their
elements?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Which element is only present in nucleic acids and which the rest do not have?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Additional Concept:

It is often said that life is “carbon-based.” This means that carbon atoms, bonded to
other carbon atoms or other elements, form the fundamental components of many, if not
most, of the molecules found uniquely in living things. Other elements play important roles
in biological molecules, but carbon certainly qualifies as the “foundation” element for
molecules in living things. It is the bonding properties of carbon atoms that are responsible
for its important role.

Now, try this sum up challenge by supplying the necessary information about
biomolecules.

Activity 3: You Complete Me!

Directions: Given the different structures of the four types of biomolecules, fill out the
necessary information on Table 4 using the concepts on the box below.

Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

CHO CHON CHONP CHO
Monosaccharides Amino Acids Nucleotides Fatty Acids
Pastas Breads Fruits Vegetables
Seafoods Milk Eggs Cheese
Butter Nut Oil Fats
Oils Waxes DNA RNA
Insulin Hemoglobin Antibodies Enzymes
Glucose Fructose Lactose Cellulose

Provide material to build cell membrane/Quick energy for cells

Provide structure/Aid in muscle movement/Provide immunity
Contains genetic information/Directs growth and development
Store energy/Cushion and insulate organs/Material used for cell membrane

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BIOMOLECULE STRUCTURE ELEMENTS MONOMER FUNCTION FOOD SOURCE EXAMPLES

COMPOSITION

Table 4. Biomolecule: The Molecules of Life

GUIDE QUESTION:
Q1. Why do you think are biomolecules considered organic? (3 points) Your answers will be
rated using the rubric below.

RUBRIC

Point 3 2 1

Content of Answer Displayed an Displayed basic Answer does not

extensive knowledge of the show
knowledge of the question knowledge of the
question question

Now it’s your turn to wrap-up what you have learned regarding biomolecules. This will
also help you consider the essence of having a balance and variety in healthy diet.

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Activity 4: Think About Me!

Directions:

Identify the words being described below and complete the crossword puzzle.

GUIDE QUESTION:
Q1. Reflect on the saying “Nothing in this world is good if taken in excessive” by relating it
to the importance of balance and variety in a healthy diet. Suggest some ways to have
healthy food consumption practices to have all the essentials biomolecules (3 points).
Your answers will be rated using the rubric below.

RUBRIC

Point 3 2 1

Content of Answer Displayed an Displayed basic Answer does not

extensive knowledge of the show
knowledge of the question knowledge of the
question question