10

Science Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 6
Week 8
Electric Motor and Generator

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Science 10
Activity Sheet No.9- Electric Motor and Generator
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writer: Michel T. Casco, Rhea G. Locsin, Mizzy T. Morada

Illustrator: Rhea G. Balino
Editor: Minda L. Soldevilla
Layout Artist: Felizardo S. Valdez III

Division Management Team:

Ma. Roselyn J. Palcat
Novelyn M. Vilchez
Elleda E. De la Cruz
Minda L. Soldevilla
Arthur J. Cotimo
Felizardo S. Valdez III
Marve E. Gelera

Regional Management Team:

Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Science 10!

The LearningActivity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Guimaras and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Science 10Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Science 10 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning

even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful
and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully
read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the
assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner:_________________________________________________________
Grade and Section______________________________Date ____________________

SCIENCE 10 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 9

Electric Motor and Generator

I. Learning Competency with Code

Explain the operation of simple electric motor and generator. (S10FE-IIj-54)

II. Background Information for Learners

How’s your life in this new normal? How do you cope with it? Did your
gadgets and appliances helped you make your life comfortable as you cope with the
challenges of this pandemic? Were you able to appreciate the importance of
electricity and your appliances at home?
The ease, comfort and convenience you enjoy in using electricity and the
electrical appliances are possible because of the discovery of motors and
generators.
Find out how electric motors and generators operate!

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

Department of Education. (2015) K-12 Basic Education Curriculum, Science 10

Learners Material (p114-120). Pasig City, Philippines
Department of Education, Secondary Education Development and Improvement
Project (SEDIP), Physics Textbook (p202-217, 235-241). Quezon City,
Philippines

IV. Activity Proper

Directions: Read the given information about motors and generators and
perform Activity 1.

ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

Basic Principle
Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish physicist, began a new scientific era
when he discovered the relationship of electricity and magnetism. He
conducted an experiment showing that an electric current flowing through a
wire could move a nearby magnet. The discovery of electromagnetism sets the
stage for the eventual development of the modern technology-based world
which utilizes electric motors.

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Parts of an electric motor
Electric motors have five main parts: a rotor, a stator, a
commutator, brushes and source of current. The parts of an electric
motor use the attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetism,
causing the motor to spin continuously if it receives a steady flow of
electric current.

1. Rotor - It is the coil of conducting wire (often made of

several loops) which is mounted on an axle in order
to rotate.

2. Stator- It is the stationary part of the motor with

a purpose of providing the magnetic field. It is
usually made of a permanent magnet or an
electromagnet.

3. Commutator- It is usually made of metal cylinder,

split into halves that are attached to the rotor. This is
commonly called split-ring commutator with the
purpose of reversing the direction of the current
every half turn of the rotor. Basic parts of a DC
motor
4. Brushes- These are made of metal wires that are connected to the DC
power source which maintain electric current to the split-ring
commutator.

5. Direct current power source- This supplies the current to the rotor
when the circuit is closed.
How it works

An electric motor works through the principle of electromagnetism.

A motor has a movable electromagnet such that when an alternating current is
supplied to it, the poles are reversed. Where it was once attracted by the other
pole of fixed magnet, it will next be repelled. This process is repeated many times
each second causing the rod to rotate.
To better understand how a simple motor works, study Figure 9.25 -A
Simple DC Motor on page 209 of SEDIP Science IV Physics Textbook.

Applications of Electric Motor

Electric motors are important in modern-day life. They are used in

blenders, vacuum cleaners, computer printers, fax machines, video
recorders, machine tools, printing presses, automobiles, electric fan,
and water pumping stations.

GENERATORS
A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. It produces an electric current when a coil of wire is wrapped
around an iron core and rotated near a magnet.

Basic Principle
Generators can be attributed to Michael Faraday’s principle of
electromagnetic induction. Faraday discovered that electrical charges
could be generated when there is a relative motion between a
conductor that moves in a magnetic field. Relative motion means it

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 does not matter which one is moving or stationary between the
conductor and the magnet.
A generator utilizes the mechanical energy supplied to it to cause the
movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through
an external electric circuit. It is common in generators that the rotating
coil within a magnetic field induces a current but there are other
generators, like in power plants, that it is the magnet that rotates in a
stationary coil.

Parts of a generator
1. Rotor- It is the rotating component
(armature) of a generator. It can be a
rectangular or circular conducting coil. It
induces current as it rotates within a
magnetic field.
2. Stator- It is the stationary component of a
generator. It is made up of magnets with
opposite pole facing each other which is
responsible of supplying magnetic field for
the rotor.
3. Commutator- It is a split ring connected to
the rotor and rotates with it. It converts AC
voltge to DC voltage within the rotor. It Basic parts of a generator
reverses the current to the external circuit
for every ½ rotation of the coil
4. Brushes– It carry induced current out of the coil. Brushes are
responsible for transferring current to the external circuit.
5. Shaft– This is where the rotating loop (rotor/armature) is
connected. In generator, the driving force is applied on the shaft to
turn the loop within the magnetic field. In electric power plants,
the shafts are turned by turbine connected to it which maybe
operated by steam, water, or wind.

How it works
An electric generator is made when a coil or any closed loop of
conductor moves through or cuts across magnetic field lines. The coil will
experience an induced voltage or electromotive force and causes current to
be generated.
To understand more how the generator works, refer to pages 236-237 of
SEDIP Science IV Physics Textbook. Pay attention to Figure 10.17 Faraday’s
Dynamo and Figure 10.19 Possible positions of the single- loop DC generator in the
magnetic filed showing the direction of current in the loop and in the external
circuit.

Uses of generator
• Back -up power for your house
• Stand-by power for businesses
• Temporary power in a construction site
• Permanent power to a farm
• Main source of electricity to supply the total power required

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Activity 1
Simple Motor and Generator

For this lesson, you will learn how a simple motor is constructed. You will
fully understand this if you can perform the activity “Making Your Own Electric
Motor” on page 115 of Science 10 Learner’s Material. If you do not have the
materials, read pages 202-213 of SEDIP Science IV Physics Texbook. If you have
internet access, go to this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWulQ1ZSE3c&vl=en then complete the
column relative to electric motor in the table below.

To learn more about the generator, its parts, how it it works, its working
principle and its applicatios, refer to pages 117-120 of Science 10 Learner’s Module
and pages 235-241 of SEDIP Science IV Physics Textbook. If you have internet
access go to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mq2zjmS8UMI then
complete the column relative to generator in the table below.

Table 1: Electric Motor and Generator

Electric Motor Generator

Parts

Input energy

Output energy

Basic Principle

How it works

Applications

Questions
1. How do you explain the operation of a simple electric motor?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you explain the operation of a generator?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the similarities and differences between electric motor and generator?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

V. Reflection
1. How do you imagine the kind of life you have if motors and generators were
not discovered?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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Electric Motor Generator
Rotor, stator, commutator, Rotor, stator, commutator,
Parts brushes and curret source brushes and shaft
Input energy Electrical energy Mechanical energy
Output energy Mechanical energy Electrical energy
Basic Principle Electromagnetism Electromagnetic induction
When the circuit is closed, The mechanical force is
How it works current flows in the coil/loop driving the shaft of the
making it an electromagnet. The generator which is
magnetic field produced by the connected to the
opposite poles of the magnets rotor/armature. As the
(caused the attractive and rotor or armature rotates,
repulsive force) made the mechanical energy is
coil/loop in between them to converted to electrical
rotate. energy.
(answer may vary) Generators generate
Applications Electrical appliances that are electricity in power plants.
rotating or moving are all due to
the presence of motors. Examples:
electric fan, toy cars, blender,
washing machine, etc.
1. Motors and generators have similar structure. Both have conducting
coil/loop which will rotate within a magnetic field. The magnetic field
can either be produce by a permanent magnet or electromagnet. They
both need to have brushes which maintain electrical contact to coil/loop
but this time, brushes have different function. Brushes of motors pass
the current into the coil/loop to keep on rotating while brushes of
generator carry out induced current of the rotating coilloop to the load
or external circuit. They have opposite functions. Motors convert
electrical energy to mechanical energy while generator converts
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
2. Simple motor operates in the principle of electromagnetism. As its
brushes are connected to a direct current source the coil/loop (rotor)
with in the magnetic field (two magnets facing each other in opposite
poles) will start to rotate thereby converting electrical energy to
mechanical energy.
3. Generator operates in the principle of electromagnetic induction. As
driving force is applied to the turbine which is attached to the sharft,
the rotor (which is within the magnetic field) started to rotate
(mechanical) and current is induced in it (electrical energy). This
electrical energy in the coil is carry out by the brushes to the load or
external circuit.
Reflection:
(Answer may vary). Possible answer:
1. In power plants, generators are responsible for converting mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The comfort brought by the high
technology especially the gadgets and other appliances are electricity
dependent. Most of these gadgets and appliances are having built-in
motor to function. We need to exert more force, effort and time to
accomplish our daily task in the absence of motor and generator. This
comfortable life that we are enjoying will be impossible without motor
and generator.
Answer Key VI
VI Links and/or Other References

https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/ENGN1931F/A
C_Electrical_Generators_ASOPE.pdf

https://d6s74no67skb0.cloudfront.net/course-material/EE603-AC-Theory-
Circuits-Generators-Motors.pdf