CULTURE OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND

SECURITY AS A BASIC ELEMENT OF NUCLEAR CULTURE

Andrianov A.A., Murogov V.M., Ponomarev-Stepnoy N.N., Rumyantsev A.N., Tulinov B.M

NATIONAL RESEARCH NUCLEAR UNIVERSITY (NRNU MEPHI)

NESTet 2011 15-18 May 2011 Prague

The work was performed within the framework of NRNU MEPHI - ISTC Project SB 159.
 Content
Education activity
• Special courses
• Some topics of lecture courses
• Methodical support of educational process
• Joint courses with IAEA on energy planning software
• Experience of teaching foreign students
Scientific activity
• Developing risk assessment methodologies
• Software for quantitative risk assessment based on multiple objective
analysis framework
• Objects for energy system analyses
• Medium-term worldwide supply and demand relationship on NFC
services
 Introduction
A dual-use nature of nuclear technology consisting in the potential for its application equally in
peaceful and military sphere is the basic contradiction for the existing nuclear non-proliferation
regime and comprehensive development of the nuclear energy (NE) and nuclear fuel cycle
(NFC). The associated antagonism between the need for the development of civil NE, extension
of countries range and areas of application, on the one hand, and risk of transferring nuclear
technologies and fissile materials being potentially applied in the military sphere, on the other
hand, defines the principal threat to the non-proliferation regime. Moreover, the intensity of the
situation in nuclear non-proliferation at the beginning of the new millennium coincided with a new
cycle of renewed interest to NE, to plans and efforts focused on further development of
innovative technologies: for instance, small-size nuclear power plants for developing countries;
breeder reactors with closed NFC with reprocessing and recycling of fissile materials, primarily,
plutonium; high-efficiency technology of centrifugal enrichment, etc. – which would inevitably
result in the increasing risk of stealing fissile materials and changing nuclear technologies from
peaceful to military activity. This is particularly evident with the increasing threat of nuclear and
radiation terrorism with the widening scope of potential application of nuclear science and
technology. The prevention of proliferation is nowadays more urgent than ever.
 Introduction
In these circumstances, it becomes more evident that only
institutional, technology and/or prohibitive (control) measures of
international organizations do not provide absolute guarantee,
especially in the context of potential threat of terrorism.
A crucial role of “Control, Accounting and Physical Protection” is
definitely increasing (this is a necessary condition). But also as it was
with the development of “Nuclear Safety Culture” after the Three Mile
Island and Chernobyl accidents, the problem of educating,
developing “Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security culture” in
mass consciousness of population and authorities of all levels (as a
second-order condition) has become a high priority.
Education activity
 Special courses
Statistics (man per year):
UNDERGRADUATE COURSES
Methodology and history of nuclear power • Undergraduate courses:100
Recent developments in nuclear power • Graduate courses : 20
Problems of nuclear power • PhD courses: 4
Nuclear reactions and reactors
Advanced nuclear power systems Human resources:
GRADUATE COURSES • Full doctors: 6
 Physical protection, control and accounting of fissile materials • Candidate of science: 10
 Status and trends of nuclear power development • PhD : 4
 State of-the-art software for forecasting of nuclear power
development and NFC analysis
Material and technical support:
 State of-the-art IT in scientific research
• Specialized library
TOPICS OF PHD STUDIES • Computer Class
Foresight and feasibility studies on nuclear technology
 Development of competitiveness assessment methodology for • Specialized software
nuclear technologies
All course features an extensive set of
 Development of expert support system on nuclear technology lecture notes, a complete set of lab
 Development of physical process models in nuclear technology materials, and assignments with
solutions.
 Some topics of lecture courses
1 The Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Topics include uranium supply,
2 The Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle enrichment, fuel fabrication, in-core
3 Nuclear Fuel Design and Manufacturing physics and fuel management of
4 Reactor Design Criteria uranium, thorium and other fuel
5 Objectives of Reactor Analysis types, reprocessing and waste
disposal.
6 Reactivity and Burnable Poison
Covered are the principles of fuel
7 Fast Reactor Physics cycle and nuclear power economics
8 Advanced Thermal Reactor Concepts (HTGR, ACR, etc.) as well as the applied reactor
9 Hybrid Reactor Concepts (ADS, FNS, etc) physics.
10 Safety Aspects of Nuclear Power Nonproliferation and safety
11 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies aspects, management with excess
12 International Cooperation in the Nuclear Power weapons plutonium, transmutation of
13 Thorium as a Nuclear Fuel
actinides and fission products in
spent fuel are considered.
14 Nuclear Non-proliferation
15 Non-proliferation, Safeguards, and Export Controls
16 Proliferation-resistance of Nuclear Energy Systems
17 Pu and minor actinides Recycle
18 High Level Wastes
19 Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste
20 Economics of Nuclear Power
21 Fuel Cost Calculations
22 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Economics
Methodical support of educational process (1)
1. Hardcopy and electronic training aids and
monographs
2. Specialize software
3. Virtual labs, electronic aids and simulators for
courses
4. Electronic bank of tasks on different courses
5. A set of freely distributed computer modules,
electronic templates, basic software component,
which students could immediately use in their
educational and research activities
Methodical support of educational process (2)
Under development:
• Nuclear fuel cycle simulators
• Computer courses on energy system analysis software
• Knowledge base on nuclear science and technology, film library
• An information infrastructure to support the educational process
(portal, intellectual testing environment)
 Joint courses with IAEA on energy planning
software
• A training course for 6 Russian institutions was
organized in cooperation with the IAEA
recently.
• Relevant training materials have been
developed by the group. Our students regularly
participate in national and international
workshops and conferences.
 Experience of teaching foreign students

Students from China, Japan, France, India, Czech Republic, Belarus were
trained in this area at the Department.
All of them were involved in ongoing research activities, which ensured
their consolidation in the field of nuclear technology.
At the moment there is a tendency to increase the share of foreign
students

Examples of diploma topics

• Jaluvka D. “Foresight and feasibility studies on nuclear technology by using
MESSAGE”
• Alekseeva M. “Feasibility study for construction of NPP RUTA in Yakutsk”.
• Mickiewicz A. “Neutron-spectrometric analysis of samples of fissionable materials”
• Yatsyne T. “Gamma-spectrometric analysis of samples of fissionable materials” .
• Etc.
Scientific activity
Developing risk assessment methodologies

Expanded “scenario” model which are

based on methodology of controlled
finite Markov chain

Assessment of adversary scenarios

based on multiple objective analysis
framework
 SOFTWARE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
BASED ON MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
To perform calculation based on based on multiple objective
analysis framework the specialized software was developed

DIALOG SYSTEM OF STOCHASTIC

MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR VISUAL

ANALYSIS OF FEASIBLE SET
BORDERS
 Objects for energy system analyses
World nuclear fuel market Innovative global nuclear power systems
90 106 кг ЕРР
90
Оптимистический GW
80
80 сценарий развития ЯЭ
1
70
70 2 3

60
60

50
50
1
Пессимистический 3
2 Prognostic methodology:
40
40 сценарий развития ЯЭ sensitivity factors
30
30 system dynamics
method of unimprovable
20
20
alternatives
10
10
TENEX EURODIF USEC URENCO LES/NEF другие
00
2005
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Software
2030
2030 developed : Applications:
SYSTEM National, Regional and global
EKONOM levels
SMAENG Optimization of general and
DIPLOM-GENESIS nuclear energy structure
NE SD model
ParSAM
International software used: Small and medium sized reactors
National stratagy nuclear power MESSEGE
DESAE
for regional energy supply
development SIMPACT
ENPEP
MAED
 Medium-term worldwide supply and demand
relationship on NFC services
Enrichment SNF storage
90 106 кг ЕРР
kт
90 160
Оптимистический Количество направляемого
80
80 сценарий развития ЯЭ 140 на хранение ОЯТ
Емкости существующих и
1
70
70 2 3 сооружаемых хранилищ ОЯТ
120
4
60
60
100
50
50 1
2
Пессимистический 3 80 1
40
40 сценарий развития ЯЭ
60
30
30 2
40 3
20
20

10
10 20
TENEX EURODIF USEC URENCO LES/NEF другие
123 4
00 0
2005 2030 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

1 – fuel burnup and enrichment tails remain at the current level 1 - Western Europe, 2 - Eastern Europe,
3 - Asia and Africa, 4 - Latin and North America
2 – fuel burnup increases and enrichment tails decreases to 0.24%
3 - fuel burnup increases and enrichment tails decreases to 0.2%

Moment of full load current and

planned NFC capacity
 Conclusions
Experience of the group has demonstrated the possibility of forming Nuclear non-proliferation
and nuclear security culture by means of
• ensuring effective integration of fundamental and applied research with the educational
process, including the use of research results in the lecture courses and practical training,
performance laboratory, course and teaching-research, production and pre-diploma
practice under the guidance of staff.
• improving the quality of teaching and methodical work by creating new curricula, and
teaching aids, textbooks including in electronic form.
• carrying out effective international cooperation in the field by performing contract work,
the organization of international exchange of staff, students and young scientists.
Facilitate the employment of graduates in high-tech companies, academic centers,
technology transfer centers.
• running Pre-University Career Guidance for Youth motivation for professional work in the
field of nuclear science and technology by means of competitions, scientific and practical
conferences and implementation of measures to popularize scientific knowledge.
Thank you for your attention