9. Which of the following is the most accurate statement with regard to temperature regulation in animals?

(A) All aquatic animals are endothermic.

(B) The body temperature of ectotherms is always the same as the temperature of their
environment.
(C) Cellular respiration in ectothermic animals does not produce any heat.
(D) The rate of cellular respiration in endotherms is affected by the temperature of the
environment.

10 Four different animals were maintained in a laboratory in habitats similar to that of their natural
environment. The body core temperature of the animals was measured in response to changes in the
temperature of the laboratory environment.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

(A) Animal I maintains its body core temperature relatively constant by shivering when
the environmental temperature falls below 37°C.
(B) Animal II is homoiothermic (endothermic) over the environmental temperature
range of zero to 30°C.
(C) Animals I and II are most likely mammals.
(D) Animal IV is most likely a marine mammal.
HSC1999

27. Animals and plants living in hot desert environments need to conserve scarce water and at
the same time prevent overheating.
(a) Explain how some animals living in a desert environment may maintain their body
core temperature lower than their surroundings by:
(i) behavioural adaptation;
(ii) structural adaptation;
(iii) physiological adaptation.
(b) The control of water loss in plants is usually by means of structural adaptations.
Detail how TWO of these structural adaptations reduce water loss in desert plants.
HSC 1997

(a) (i) Lying out of the sun in the hottest part of the day.
(ii) Have a large SA:V ratio for decreased loss of water.
(iii) Panting and sweating causes a cooling down effect on the body.
(b) The leaves have a waxy coating to prevent water loss. Leaves also have tiny hairs which trap
the moisture and prevent loss of water by evaporation.
In part (a) only an adaptation was given but no explanation. Full marks could not be awarded. In
(b) two adaptations were given. However, only detail for one was provided and so full marks were
not awarded.