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    Gowrishankar Selvaraj
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    Power factor is defined as the ratio of True Power and Apparent Power. Power factor is a function of Voltage and Current out of phase (th=90) Apparent Power is a linear combination of True and Reactive power.

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    PF BASIC

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    Power factor is defined as the ratio of True Power and Apparent Power. Power factor is a function of Voltage and Current out of phase (th=90) Apparent Power is a linear combination of True and Reactive power.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    22 views1 page

    PF Basic

    Uploaded by

    Gowrishankar Selvaraj
    Power factor is defined as the ratio of True Power and Apparent Power. Power factor is a function of Voltage and Current out of phase (th=90) Apparent Power is a linear combination of True and Reactive power.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1

    First Semester Project

    Power Factor Correction for Power Systems


    V2
    P=
    P =True Power P = I 2
    R R

    Pamela Ackerman, Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Types of Power Where P is measured in Watts

    V2
    Advisement By:
    True Power - Symbolized by P, measured in Watts and a function of dissipative elements (R) Q = I2X
    Q=
    X
    Q = Reactive Power
    Jerry E. Hager P.E., Vice President, Electrical Systems Consultants, Inc. Reactive Power - Symbolized by Q, measured in VAR and a function of reactive elements (X) Where Q is measured in Volt-
    Volt-Amps-
    Amps-Reactive (VAR)

    Dr. George Collins, Electrical and Computer Engineering Apparent Power - Symbolized by S, measured in VA and a function of total impedance (Z)
    V2
    S=
    S = Apparent Power S = I 2
    Z S = VI
    Z
    Where S is measured in Volt-
    Volt-Amps (VA)

    Definition of Power Factor


    Power System Loads
    Power system have resistive,
    resistive inductive and capacitive loads Power factor is defined as the ratio of
    true power and apparent power:
    Resistive/Reactive Load:
    • More power dissipated  TruePower KW 
    than returned to load  PF = = 
    • Voltage and Current out  ApparentPo wer KVA 
    of phase (0< θ <90)
    • Apparent power is a

    P = True power = I2R = 240 Watts P = True power = I2R = 0 Watts linear combination of Power factor is a unit-
    unit-less
    Q = Reactive power = I2X = 0 KVAR Q = Reactive power = I2X = 238.73 KVAR
    True and Reactive power measurement
    S = Apparent power = I2Z = 240 VA S = Apparent power = I2Z = 238.73 VA
    Power factor measures how
    Purely Resistive Load: Purely Reactive Load: P = True power = I2R = 119.365 Watts efficiently the current is being
    • All power dissipated by resistor • All power alternately absorbed and re-

    • Voltage and Current in phase turned by reactive load Q = Reactive power = I2X = 119.998 KVAR converted into real power
    • Apparent Power = True Power • Voltage and Current out of phase (θ=90) S = Apparent power = I2Z = 169.256 VA
    • Apparent Power = Reactive Power
    A power factor of 1 is the most The three types of power are related by the “Power Triangle”
    • Purely resistive circuits have PF=1, power triangle is a horizontal line
    efficient loading of supply • Purely inductive circuits have PF=0, power triangle is a vertical line pointing up

    • Purely capacitive circuits have PF=0, power triangle is a vertical line pointing down

    Methods of Power Factor Correction Benefits of PFC


    Fixed capacitor bank — connected to transformer or switchgear
    • Sized to regulate maximum operational inductive loading • Protection
    • Drawbacks include utility regulations and addition of inductive loads change max • Efficiency
    Fixed capacitor bank and individual capacitors — same as above • Savings
    with addition of caps in parallel with some of the large motors
    • Provides power factor correction while motors are energized
    • Sometimes not physically or economically feasible (maintenance is costly)
    Variable capacitor bank — connected to transformer or switchgear References
    Lessons In Electric Circuits Volume II, Sixth Edition, Tony R. Kuphaldt, 2007
    • Centrally located capacitor bank regulates power factor as loads connected to system change Power Factor Correction, Ralph A. Frye III, P.E., http://www.wagesterlease.com/aboutus/articles/powerfactor.html
    • Draw backs include initial and maintenance costs Power Factor, L M Photonics Ltd, http://www.lmphotonics.com/pwrfact.htm?gclid=CJbHjdTMjosCFSUeGAodtRe8VQ
    Power Factor Correction, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_factor_correction

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