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Concrete or steel: which to choose? Mike Glover concludes this series by setting out the relative merits of each. Previous articles in this series Steel frame design High speed concrete Na.5.01955 ‘Visual concrete (1155.91 953. __ 1,2 Both concrete (Broadgate ‘hases9/10) and steel (hace 7) have their different benef in fast ‘construction, (SOM). Mike Gloverisastructiral engineer andadirestorof ve Arup & Partners 5 ST RUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS 5 STEELOR CONCRETE Considering that steel and concrete are competing inthe same market, their characteristics are remarkably different. Steel is essentially manufactured off-site ‘while conereteis firmly based on-site. With current attitudes, offsite manufacture appears, at first sight, better and more desirable, Such a conclusion would be naive and would fail to recognise that each has dominant characteristics that favour particular situations, Here steel and concrete are compared on key issues. Speed Steel ‘Steel construction has been assoviated with fast construction over recent years, While there ae projects todemonstrate this, experience generally shows that overall project times for both steel- and ‘onerete-framed buildings are ver integration of structure, cladding, fn inilar. Buildings whieh have design ee and building services are built more quickly regardless of the pline with considered ‘material of construction. The prerequisites for fest overall eonstruetion in any materialare design Aiseipline,| ‘The major constraint on speed ofconerete constructions the degree of repetition of shuttering and the availability of menand ‘materials. Although precasting in whole or in part speedsconstruction, this isnot applicable tomost projects, Speed isamatter ofhow many people, feranes and sets of shutters are available, Standardisation of details alsoa major contributorsince aide sheduling nt provides famaarityfor operatives uch emphasis given othe lead-time for insitu coneree frames being only aes eek Whethisiesaperilaly arent ntraton, the Initial phases of work orang project are normal fomdationworks. The inital ime advantage or conereteframesis thus much shorter than would St frstbe assumed Cand the longer lead in period forsteetworkisover dramatised, ithe project is roperiy sequenced) Although precast concrete frames are credited ‘with high speeds of erection, the design and ‘manufaeturing phases are longer than forte! ‘Connections in precast frames arenot as compact lorstrongeas those inn sifu reinforced eonerete frameworks. Hence, except for speeifie simple building types, such as ear parks, precast elements are used as part ofan utherwise substantially fn stu frame, tegration and simplification of construction details ‘The overall speed of construction is governed by thetime it takes to: — procure the steel from their steel supplier and preparefabrication drawings fabricate the steclelements deliver to site nan orderly sequence Sereet

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