D.B.Q.: Views of the Crusadey Document 1 ‘A speech by Pope Urban Il at the Council of Clermont in France in front of a great crowd of nobles, 1095. “For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help and you must hasten to give them the aid . . Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory . . They have killed and captured many and have destroyed the churches, .. I beseech you as Christ’s heralds to persuade all people of whatever rank foot-soldier and’ knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race. ..Alll who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. Document 2 ‘After the fall of Jerusalem to the Christians, the venerable Qadi Abu Sa’ad al Harawi, wearing no turban, his head shaved as a sign of mouming cried loudly into the spacious audience hall of the caliph in 1099 in Baghdad. “How dare you slumber in the shade of complacent safety, leading lives as frivolous as garden flowers, while your brothers in Syria have no dwelling place save the saddles of ‘camels and the bellies of the vultures? Blood has been spilled! Beautiful young girls, have been shamed, and must now hide their sweet faces in their hands! Shall the valorous Arabs resign themselves to insult, and the valiant Persians accept dishonor? Never have the Muslims been so humiliated. ‘Never have their lands been so savagely devastated.” Document 3 _ German historian Ekkehard, who visited Jerusalem in 1101, reports on the First Crusade. Those bound for the Holy Land seemed to them to be leaving the land of their birth and sacrificing what they already had for a vain hope. The promised land offered no certainty but danger, yet they deserted their own possessions in a greedy struggle for those of others. Document 4 A letter from a French crusader, Stephen of Blois, 1098. ‘You may be sure, dearest, that the messenger whom I sent to you left me before Antioch safe and unharmed and through God’s grace, in the greatest prosperity. You may know for certain, my beloved, that of gold, silver, and many other kinds of riches, I now have twice as much as you, my love, supposed me to have when I left you. ..”Document 5 William of Tyre's (1130-1185) account of the Crusader Conquest of Jerusalem. William was born in Latin occupied Palestine, educated in Europe by Latin priests and returned to the Diocese of Tyre to serve the Church. “When they heard the name of Jerusalem called out, they began to weep and fell on their knees, giving thanks to Our Lord with many sighs for the great love which he had shown ‘them in allowing them to reach the goal of their pilgrimage. . .They ran forward until they had a clear view of all the towers and walls of the city. ‘Then they raised their hands in prayers to Heaven and taking off their shoes, bowed to the ground and kissed the earth.” Document 6 Beh-El-Din, writing about the Third Crusade in the later 12" century, when the European kings were negotiating with the Turkish Sultan, Saladin “Then the king of England, seeing all the delays interposed by the Sultan to the execution of the treaty, acted treacherously as regards his Muslim prisoners. In the afternoon of ‘Tuesday he came out on horseback with all the Frankish army. The Franks, on reaching the middle of the plain that stretches between this hill and that of Keisan, close to which place the sultan’s advanced guard had drawn back, ordered all the Muslim prisoners, ‘whose martyrdom God had decreed for this day, to be brought before him. They numbered more than three thousand and were all bound with ropes. ‘The Franks then flung themselves upon them all at once and massacred them with sword and lance in cold blood. The motives of this massacre are differently told. ..God alone knows what the real reason was.” Document 7 ‘Anna Comnena daughter of Byzantine Emperor Alexius I wrote the following in a history of her father’s reign some time after 1137. “Before he [Alexius] had enjoyed even a shut rest, he heard a report of the approach of innumerable Frankish armies. Now he dreaded their arrival for he knew their irresistible ‘manner of attack, their unstable and mobile character. . and that they were always agape [in a state of wonder] for money, and seemed to disregard their truces readily for any reason that cropped up.” Document 8 Byzantine nobleman, court official, and historian Nicetas Choniates (1155-1216) writes of the fourth Crusade which he witnessed. The Crusaders pillaged and captured Constantinople. “The enemy, who bad expected otherwise, found no one openly venturing into battle or taking up arms to resist; they saw that the way was open before them and everything ‘there for the taking. But their disposition was not at all affected by what they saw, nor did their lips break into the slightest smile... Instead they plundered with impunity and stripped their victims shamelessly, beginning with their carts. O, the shameful dashing to earth of the venerable icons and the flinging of the relics of the saints, who had suffered for Christ's sake, into defiled places!”DBQ: Views of Crusaders Question: Analyze the views Catholic Crusaders have of themselves with that of the Muslim and Byzantine views of the crusaders. What kind of additional document would you need to better understand the views held by each of the participants in the Crusades? Exercise I: Write a one-sentence summary of each document. Exercise II: Plan your approach to the question by developing a x(pi) chart. On the left side of the m list your organizational categories, in the middle of the x write the document name and number and on the right side of the x write your POV thoughts. Exercise III: Write POV sie'.: +24: for three of the documents and suggest at least one category of additional docum:is yi. could use and WHY. Exercise IV: Write a thesis paragraph that addresses the question, takes a stand and has categories. - DBQ: Views of Crusaders Question: Analyze the views Catholic Crusaders have of themselves with that of the Muslim and Byzantine views of the crusaders. What kind of additional document would you need to better understand the views heid by each ut the parliuspants in he Crusades? y Exercise I: Write a one-sentence sunsier) (each doesent, Exercise II: Plan your approach to the question by developing a a(pi) chart. On the left side of the z list your organizational categories, in the middle of the x write the document name and number and on the right side of the x write your POV thoughts, Exercise Ill: Write POV statements for three of the documents and suggest at least one category of additional documents you could use and WHY, Exercise IV: Write a thesis paragraph that addresses the question, takes a stand and has categories.