Professional Documents
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Political Systems
What are they?
The means by which people in any society make the rules by which they live
DEMOCRACY
The people make the decisions Equal Rights Many Freedoms Representative Democracies
Elect citizens to represent them
TOTALITARIANISM
Limited rights and freedoms Government (one or few) makes decisions People have no say in the laws
MIXED
Characteristics of both systems
Almost all political systems are mixed
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
What are they?
The way a society decides to use and distribute its resources
Communism/Command Economy
Public Ownership Government Control
Who can own property? GOVERNMENT Who controls and distributes the resources?
GOVERNMENT
Mixed Economy
Between capitalism and communism
U.S. Socialism
Basic industries are owned & operated by the government or groups of people Both public and private ownership Regulation of production
POLITICAL PARTIES
What do they stand for? Democrats
Bigger government/fewer freedoms
Republicans
Smaller government/more freedoms
Libertarians
Republic Very small government/lots of freedom
Fall of Communism?
What countries are communist? Move toward free market economies Privatization
Selling government-owned companies to private citizens
A DEVELOPING WORLD
3 Different levels of economic development Developed Nations Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) Less Developed Countries (LDCs)
Developed Nations
High-income economies industrialized nations
Europe Japan Australia New Zealand United States Canada
LDCs Continued
Import manufactured Produce raw materials, goods from other such as copper, sugar countries or coffee to be Some now exporting exported manufactured products. Until recently had Incomes range from neither technology nor $400 to over $2000 per resources to person manufacture finished Goal- Increase the products amount of industry
South Korea
NIC that was a LDC South Korea after Korean War built up using new technology. Exported clothing, shoes and textiles Now exports steel, machinery, ships & automobiles
Taiwan
Few natural resources (forests main resource) Only land can be farmed Built industrial economy by focusing on small manufactured goods
Electrical appliances, televisions, radios, calculators, toys and clothing
Adaptability
World trade environment constantly changes Policies and plans must be designed to fit into another countrys level of economic development Knowledge and flexibility important in the international marketplace
LEGAL SYSTEMS
Each nation develops and adapts a legal system that fits its own economic, political and social goals Two basic types of legal systems in global community
Common Law Code Law
Common Law
Judges decide current cases based on how judges have decided cases in the past
Precedents
Code Law
Based on statutes (rules) passed by legislative bodies Set specific penalties for disobeying the law Based on Roman model of the 6th century More than 70 countries use code law system Judges dont interpret law
Giving inventors these rights is an incentive for continued inventing Patent and trademarks are two types
Patents
Patents give inventor sole rights to the use and production of an invention for a certain period of time In U.S. the right goes to first inventor In other countries the right goes to first to apply for a patent
Trademarks
A trademark is a word or words, name, design, picture or other symbol that identifies a product of a company. Laws vary from country to country
Negotiation
Negotiation is solving a problem through discussion (least formal) Usually first step companies try to negotiate and solve problems by themselves
Arbitration
Arbitration is the judgment of a dispute by a third party who has no direct interest in the dispute Governments with trade disputes usually agree to use specific bodies to arbitrate such as GATT or FTA commissions
Litigation
Litigation is the process that uses a nations legal system to file lawsuits. Both parties use attorneys to represent their interests in court Choosing which country to try the case is a major problem Major disadvantages time & acceptance
The End!