Elawalu Wagawa

t<j j.
dj
lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f m%ldYKhls
jngq
fid,k fu,kakd
Solanum melongena
l=,h - fid,fkais
foaY.=l wjYH;d
uqyq ugf isg gr 1300 muK WiajQ m%foaY olajd jngq
j.d l, yelsh' my;rg f;;a" w;rueo yd h<s l,dmj,o
ueorg f;;a yd w;rueo l,dmfha o " Wvrg w;rueo
l,dmfhao fuu fnda.h b;d idr:lj j.d flfr'
mi
fydka c,jykh isjk ieye,a mia jngq j.djg iqiqh'
mfiys mS't w.h 5'5-5'8 meje;Su jvd fhda.Hh'
ilia lsrSu
;skakf,s o
Woe,a,lska fyda g%elagrhla udr.fhka fyda u fmr,d" ug

lrkak' jngq ia jeks fid,fkais l=,fha fnda. lkak
follaj;a j.d fkdl, ula u fYaIfhka jeo.;ah'
fuu m%fNaofha M, ;o omdg ,sfik iajNdjhlska yd .e

yevhlska hq;=h' mqIam" l| yd m;% kdr o omdgh' je
h,s foaY.=Khla iys; W;=re m%foaYhg jvd iqiqh'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
mdodf.dv
tia't' 164
fuu m% f Na o fha M," omdg b iys ;h' ;rula ms nqkq

is,skavrdldr yevhla we;' l| yd m;% kdr fld,mdgh'
u,a ,d omdgla .kS' nelahd wx.udrhg Tfrd;a;= fok
m%fNaohls' f;;a yd w;r ue l,dmj,g fhda.Hh'
fuu m%fNaoh nelahd ysgquerSug Tfrd;a;= fok" o

jrKfhka hq;= M, ,nd fok m%fNaohls' M, uOHu m%udKfhka
hql;
a jk w;r" yevfhka is,k
s v
a rdldrh' mqIm
a o jrKfhka
hqla;h' fuu m%fNaoh f;;a" h<s yd w;rue l,dmj,g
iqiqh' c, imdokh iys;j j.d lsrSfuka fylaghdrhlg
fgdka 15-18 olajd wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
c wjYH;djh
fylaghdrhg .%E 350
ridhksl fmdfydr
fhh hq;=
ld,h
;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu
hQhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
fmdiafma T*a fmdgEIa
ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla ls'.%E'$fyla'
me, isgqug fmr

i;s 4
i;s 8
0
gr
a gr 01
75
75
75
325
-
85
85
c, imdokh
h,s l,dmfha jrId c,fhkao jngq j.dl, yelsh' idr:l
wiajekakla ,nd.ekSug yd ,dNodhs j.djla f,i mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd c, imdokhl, hq;=h' h<s ld,.=Khla
we;sg wju jYfhka k 5 lg jrla c, imdokh lrkak'
j,a me,E md,kh

jngq me, isgqjd i;s 2" 4" 7" 9" 12 hk wjia:dj, j,a me,
bj;a lsrSul, hq;=hs'
jngq i|yd fydka ysret<sh ,efnk ia:dkhl ieliQ Wia

;jdka iq iq j k w;r" c is g q ug fmr ;jdka md;a ; s
jdkqyrKh l, hq;=h' md;a;s u;=msg fhdok ,o mia"
f.du 1 ( 1 ;=kS ;gqj u;=msg w,a 6 mr;rh we;sj fma,s
f.a c oud ishq mia j,ska jid" msre ;gqjlska ;jdka
wdjrKh lrkak' gr 1 m<," gr 3 . ;jdka md;a;shla
ngq c .%E 30 i|yd iEfya' k 25-30 .;jQ miq" me, fCIa;f% ha
isgqug fhda.H ;;ajhg m;a f'
frda. md,kh
nelahd ysgquerSu
h, lkakfha jrIdj ,eu;a iu yd uy lkakfha wl

jrIdfjka miq me, isgqjkak'
mr;rh
fikagr 9060 mr;rh we;sj fikagr 303030
m%udKhg ms<sfh, lr.;a j,j,aj,g ldnksl fmdfydr
fhdod k 25 - 30 jQ c me," tla j,l tl ne.ska isgqjkak'
bkamiq c, imdokh fldg" ysre rYah wlj we;ak fld<
w;=j,ska wdjrKh lrkak' ijia jref me, isgqu jvd
fhda.Hh'
fmdfydr fhu
jngq j.df c me, isg
q u i|yd ms<fs h,l, j,j,aj,g
ldnksl fmdfydr wju jYfhka foda;la ^.%E 250-300&
muKj;a fhul, hq;=h' me, isgqug k 2 lg fmr" uQ,sl
fmdfydr f,i fhh hq;= ridhksl fmfydr m%udKho
j,j,aj,g fhdod mia iu l,j lrkak'
ngq j.djg ydksodhl m%Odk;u frda.h nelahd ysgu

q erSuhs'
fmd<f j;ajk nelahdjla udr.fhka je<f|k fuu
frda.h ksid m<uqfjkau me, u,dksl u;a" miqj me, h
hEu;a isf' fuu frda. md,kh i|yd Tfrd;a;= fok
m%fNaohla j.d lsrSu yd fnda. udrejla wkq.ukh lsrSu
jeo.;ah'
lD md,kh
md,kh
j.dlr we;s Ydlj, lrj, fuu ydksh m<uqfjkau olakg
,enqkq g tu lr fldgia Ydlfhka lvd bj;alr kdYlr
oukak'
lr k mKqjdf.a ydksh je jYfhka olakg ,efnk
N+hl ngq j.dlrk g ngq me, isgqjk wjia:df
ilid.;a j,j,a j ,g ldfnd*s h q r dka ia j ,a m hla ne.s k a
fhdokak'
lr yd f. k mKqjd
.ska .gu tlu fCIa;%hl ngq j.d lsrSf fukau ngq
j.dfjka miq Ydl fldgia ks o e,a f ,a N+ fha rdhEug
ie,eiafuka B< lkakfha fuu ydksh W;aikak ug bv
we;'
u,a yd f. yg.;a wjia:df iqiq lD kdYlhla biSfuka

fuu ydksh md,khlr .; yelsh' ksrfoaYs; lDkdYlhla
fhdod wju jYfhka k 7-10 .;jQ miq muKla wiajekak
fk,kak'
fuhg wu;rj uhsgdjka yd m;% lSvEjka ksido ngq j.djg
ydks we;sh yelsh'
wiajekak fk,Su
j.dlr we;s m%fNaoh yd mdil ;;aj wkqj me, isgqjd
i;s 10-12 w;r m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh' kamiqj
k 7 lg jrla ne.ska kej; wiajekak fk,sh yelsh' msyh
s lska
kgqj lmd lr,a fjkalr .kak'
wiajekak
ngq j.djl wiajekak" m%fNaoh yd j.d md,kh u; fjkia
f' c, imdokh fldg ksrfoaYs; m%fNaohla j.d lsrSfuka
fylaghdr tllg fgdka 15-18 olajd wiajekakla ,nd.;
yelsh' fuu wiajekak fk,S jdr 8-10 u.ska ,nd.; yelsh'
miq wiajkq lghq;=

krlajQ yd lD ydksj,g ,lajQ f. bj;a lrkak'
jegfld
ma*d welshqgeka.shq,d
Luffa acutangula
l=,h - l=lrfis
jegfld b;d ckms%h t<j fnda.hls' th my;rg h<s"

w;rueo yd f;;a l,dmj,o" ueorg f;;a yd w;r ueo
l<dmhkayso wdr:l fnda.hla jYfhka j.df'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
WIaK foaY.=l ;;aj ms%hlrk fnda.hls' uqyq ugf isg
gr 500 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd idr:lj jegfld j.dl<
yelsh' ;o jrIdj iys; ld,.=l ;;aj j.djg ys;lr
fkdf'
mi
b;d fydka c,h nei hk ldnksl jH wvx.= je,s f,da
mila j.djg jvd iqiqh' mfiys mS't w.h 5'5 - 7'5 muK
u fhda.H f'
ieliSu
u fmr<d leg fmdlr .kak' bkamiq fika gr 303030
m%udKfha j,j,a ksh; mr;rhg ilid .kak' j.dj ;=,
wkjYH m c,h r|d isu j,ld .ekSu i|yd .eUqre ldkq
lsysmhlao ilialr .kak'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
t,a' ta' 33
wre ;o fld, meye;s . lr,a yg.kakd m%fNaohls'
j.d ld,h
wdis
f;;a l,dmfha jir mqrdu o" h<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha o

m%Odk jYfhka jegfld j.d f' h,a lkakfha c, imdokh
hgf;a h<s l,dmSh m%foaYj, fuu fnda.h idr:lj j.dl<
yelsh' flfia jqjo ;o jI_dj iys; ld,.=l ;;aj mj;sk
ld, iSudjka uyrjd j.dl, hq;=h'
fuh kj ksrf oaY;

s jegfld m%fNaohhs' fika gr 30 muK
.lska hq;a lr,a yg.kS' kg ksrfoaYs; t,a'ta' 33 jegfld
m%fNaohg jvd je mdfNda.sl rehla fuu m%fNaohg ;sf'
fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 8 muK idudkH wiajekakla
,nd.; yelsh'
5
c wjYH;djh
j,a me,E md,kh
fylaghdrhlg ls'.%E' 3
jegfldj,g we;af;a fkd.eUqre uQ, moaO;shls' tksid j,a

me,E md,kh lsrSf uq,aj,g ydks fkdjk m lghq;=
lsug j.n,d .kak'
mr;rh
gr 1'5 1'5
lD yd frda. md,kh
c isgqu
b,a ueiaid
ilid.;a j,j,aj,g fydka rdm;ajQ ldnksl fmdfydr

l+=vhla muK ne.ska oud u;=msg mia iu l<j lrkak'
c isgqug k 2 - 3 fmr ksh; m uQ,sl fmdfydro"
j,g fhdod mig Y% lrkak'
tla j,l tls f klg ;rula ka c 3-4 muK
fika gr 2 - 3 .eUqka isgqjkak' bkamiq isgjQ cj,g
fydka c,h imhkak'
me, ;=kS lsrSu

c me, i;s 2 muK .;jQ miqj tla ia:dkhl me, 2 muKla
b;slr fiiq me, .,jd oukak'
m<;=re ueiaidf.a lSghska iska

jegfld lr, ;= , is lrk
ydksh ksid lr,a l=Kq hhs' fuu
ydksh j,ld .ekSug lDkdYl
fhu w;HdjYH fkdf' fika
gr 15 m<, yd fika gr 40
muK . fome;af;kau jD; jQ
fmd,s;ska len,sj,ska ,m lr,a wdjrKh lrkak' fuu
fmd,s;k
s a len,s f.daks ,Kqj,ska kgqjg fyda je,g .eg.ikak'
tu.ska M, wdrCId f'
wjq,lfmdard lDhd
je,a mqyqKq lsrSu

jegfld j.djlska idr:l m%;sM, ,nd .ekSu i|yd gr 2
muK Wi mka o ,ulg je,a fhduq l < hq ; = h s '
f i|yd gr 3 muK mr;rhg Yla;su;a lKq isgqjd ta u;
,Kq j ,s k a fyda lj,s k a mka o ,u ilid .; yels h '
mkao,u olajd jef,ys m%Odk lf|ka yg .kakd wxl=r bj;a
lrkak'
f.j;=j, jegfld j.dlrk g l jeglg jqjo je,a
heul< yelsh'
fmdfydr fhu
c isgqu i|yd ilid .;a j,j,aj,g fhh hq;= ldnksl
fmdfydrj,g wu;rj my; i|yka wkaoug ridhksl
fmdfydro fhdokak'
fhh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 4
me, u;= i;s 8
hQhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla ls'.%E'$fyla
75
75
75
200
-
60
60
60
fnda . h ,m wjfha
m;% j ,g ydks lrhs '
ldn,a jeks lD
kdYlhla f i|yd fhh
yelsh'
mfiys .= ld,hla c,h r|d mej;=kfyd;a mduq, m%foaYh
,Sr j._ ksid l=Kqulg Ndckh h yelsh' ksrfoaYs; ,Sr
kdYlhla je, mduq, m%foaYhg fhu yd mfiys c,jykh
hqKq lsrSu u.ska fuu ;Fjh u yrjd .; yelsh'
wiajekak fk,Su
frS u g m% : u lr,a fk,d.ka k ' fnda . fha jhi
k 60 - 70 m<uq wiajekak ,nd.; yelsh' bkamiq k 4
muK jrla ne.ska udi 1 1$2 -2 muK ld,hla ;=, wiajkq
jdr 10 - 15 muK fk,d.ekSug ms<sjk'
wiajekak ieliSu
fk,d.;a lr,a u;g ;o ysre /ia jefuka j,ld.kak'
lr,aj,g ydks fkdjk fia fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk m
l+vj, wiqrkak'
mf;da,
g%hsfldieka;ia lshqlfurskd
Trichosanthes cucumerina
l=,h - l=lrfis
YS% ,dxlslhka w;r ckms%h t<j fnda.hla jk mf;da,

iNjh we;af;a ksjr;k wdishdfh' ud;f,a" kqjr"
r;akmqr" ynkaf;dg" l=reKE., jeks ia;s%lalj, Yd,
jYfhka fuu fnda.h j.df'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
WKqiq foaY.=l ;Fj ms%hlrk fnda.hls' uqyq ugf isg
gr 500 muK Wila olajd jQ m%foaYj, fuh idr:lj
j.dl< yelsh' h<s l,dmfha h,a lkakfha o" f;;a l,dmfha
jir mqrdu o mf;da, j.d l< yelsh' flfia jqjo ;o jrId
ld, u yer j.d lsrSfuka je wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh'
mi
ldnksl jH uekka wvx.= fydka c,h neihk mila j.dj
i|yd jvd iq iq h ' mfiys ;s h hq ; = mS ' t w.h
5'5 - 7'5 muK f'
ieliSu
bvu fydka iS id leg fmdlr .kak' ksh; mr;rhg
fika gr 303030 m%udKfha j,j,a ilid .kak'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
'ta' 2
grhlg jvd . lr,a w iq mdgh' frSu;a iu lr,aj,
;o fld, mdg b we;s f'
t'whs' ^fl&
w iq meye;s lr, gr 1$2 muK .h'
;skakf,s
lr,l . gr 3$4 muK f' udxi, nka je fuu lr,a
w-iq mdgh' frSu;a iu lrf,a iq meye;s b we;sf'
c wjYH;djh
fmdfydr fhu
fylaghdrhlg - lsf,da .%E 4 ls'
my; i|yka wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fhdod j.dfjka je

wiajekakla ,nd.kak'
mr;rh
gr 1'51'5 ls'
isgqu
rdm;ajQ ldnksl jH iy u;=mg
s mia Y%lr j, mqrjd.kak'
c isgqug k 2 - 3 fmr tla j,lg uQ,sl fmdfydr f,i
ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdydr m%udKh fhdokak'
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 4
me, u;= i;s 8
hQhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla'
75
75
75
200
-
60
60
60
ilid.;a jf,ys tls f klg ;rula ka c 3 muK

fika gr 2-3 muK .eUqka isgqjd fydka c,h imhkak'
k 5-8 c m%frdaykh f'
me, ;=kS lsrSu
j,a me,E md,kh
c me, i;s 2 muK .;jQg tla j,l ksfrda.s me, 2

muKla b;slr je me, .,jd oukak'
fnda.fha uq,a wjia:df j,ame, md,kh ms<n

s |j ie,ls,u
s ;a
jkak' je,a fydka je ueiai wdjrKh lr.;a miqj j,a
me,E md,kh t;r .egjla fkdf'
je,a mqyqKq lsrSu
c, imdokh
gr 2 muK Wi Yla;su;a mkao,ulg je,a fhduq lrkak'

mkao,ug my;ska jef,ys m%Odk lf|ka yg.kakd mdrYal
w;= bj;a lrkak'
c m%frdaykhjk f;la km;du mdfyaa c,h imhkak' bkamiq

wjYH;djh wkqj jka jr c,h imhkak' je,a jgd jiqkla
fhfuka h<s ld,.=l ;;aj mj;skg mi h<S hdu
wvqlr .; yelsh'
gr 02
lD yd frda. md,kh
wiajkq fk,Su
b,a ueiaid
isgqjd k 60 - 75 wiajkq fk,Su wdrNl< yelsh' k 4

lg jrla muK ne.ska wiajkq fk,d.; yelsh'
wiajekak
Wiia j.d md,k ;Fj hgf;a fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 20"000
muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
wiajkq myrKh
lr,a ;=, b,a ueiaidf.a lSghd iska islrk ydksh ksid

lr,a l=Kqf' l=vd wjfhau fmd,s;ska ljr fhdod lr,a
wdjrKh lrkak' oreKq ydkshla mj;skg f*ka;fs hdaka jeks
ksrfoaYs; lDkdYlhla j.djg fhdokak'
fuhg wu;rj wjq,lfmdard l=reKshka" yn,amdo ul=Kka
yd tms,e.akd l=reKshka ksido j.djg ydks we;s h yelsh'
uQ, .e;s jgmKqjka md,kh lsrSu i|yd fnda. udrej yd
ldnksl fmdfydr uekka j.djg fhul< yelsh' tfiau
3] ldfnd*shqrdka leg .%Es 2 muK c isgqjk wjia:df
iEu j,lgu fhuo l, yelsh'
fk,d.;a lr,aj,g ;=jd,u j,ld .ekSu i|yd ,Kq mere

fyda fmd,a w;= j ,s k a wdjrKhlr nka k ' fydka
myrKh lrk ,o lr,a k 7-10 muK .=Kd;auh my;
fkdje ;nd.; yelsh'
mf;da, j.djka i|yd hmqia frda.h yd ms mqia frda.h oreKq

f,i je<|sh yelsh' tg ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla m;%j,g
fhdokak' uD l=Kqu ksid jef,ys mdoia: fldgig ydks
we;sjqjfyd;a mfiys c,jykh hqKq lrkak' mi nqre,alr
jd;kh hqKq lrkak'
lr,
fudfudald Ldrkahd
Momordica charantia
l=,h - l=lrfis
lr, wm rfgys b;d ckmsh

% t<jjls' tys mj;sk T!Ih
.=K ksid lr, wdydrhg .ekSu ms<sn|j uE;l isg fYaI
Wkkajla we;s ;sf'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
j.djg iqiq m%foaY
t'iS' 43
uqyq ugf isg gr 1200 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd fuh

idr:lj j.dl< yelsh'
uOHu m%udKfha ,d fld< meye;s lr,a u;=mg

s o;a jeks fkre
msysgd we;'
mi
;skakf,s iq
ldnksl jH nyq," fydka c,h neihk mia jvd iqiqh'

mfiys ;sh hq;= mS't'w.h 5'5 - 7'5 ls'
;rula Yd, lr,a iq-fld< meye;sh' lr,a u;=mg

s " . w;g
wLKavj ysk fkre we;'
10
c wjYH;djh
c, imdokh
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%e 6 ls'
gr 1'5 gr 1ls'
j.djg m%udKj;ajk m mfiys f;;ukh ksis f,i mj;ajd

.ekSu i|yd wjYH wjia:dj, c, imdokh lrkak' mfiys
wkjYH m c,h tla /iau j.djg wys;lrh' h<s
ld,j, je,a wjg jiqkla fhfuka mi blauka h<S hdu
j,lS'
ieliSu
j,a me,E md,kh
fikagr 20 - 30 muK .eUqrg mi fmr,d leg fmdlr

.kak' fikagr 303030 m%udKfha j,j,a ksis mr;rhg
ilid rdm;a jQ ldnksl fmdfydr yd u;=msg miaj,ska
mqrjkak'
me, l=vd ld,fha j,j,a wi, j,a me, Wrd oukak' j.df
miq ld,fha uq,aj,g ydks fkdjk m j,a me, Wo .d
bj;a lrkak'
mr;rh
lD md,kh
isgqu
uy - Tlaf;danr - fkdjenr
h, - wfma%,a - uehs
tla j,l c 3 ne.ska fi'' 2 - 3 .eUqka isgqjkak'
b,a ueiaid
fuu c w;r ;rul mr;rhla ;sh hq;=h' c me, i;s

2 .;jQ miq tla j,l me, 2 ne.ska b;slr b;s me,h .,jd
oukak' c isg
q ug fmr /hla c,fha fmfuka m%frdayKh
blauka f'
fuhg wu;rj l=vd fmd,s;ska nkaj, c isgqjd ilid
.kakd me, isgqu o l< yelsh' fuu.ska whym;a ld,.=l
;;aj hgf;a c isgqfuka ish yels ydks j,lS'
je,a mqyqKq lsu

c isgqjd i;s 3 muK .;jQ miqj gr 2 muK Wi Yla;su;a
ueiaila ^mkao,ula& fj; je,a fhduqq lrkak' mkao,ug my<ska
jef,ys yg.kakd mdrYal wxl=r lmd oukak'
lrf,a jrOkfha kEu wjia:djl fuu ydksh we;sh

yelsh' m<;=re ueiaidf.a lSghska lr, lr, ;=< islrk
ydksh ksid lr,a l=Kq je hhs'
md,kh
fmdfydr fhu
j,j,a ieliSf fh ldnksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rj my;
i|yka wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr o j.djg fhdokak'
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hQhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

fmdiafma T*afmdgEIa
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 2 miq
me, u;= i;s 5 miq
75
75
75
200
-
60
60
60
je,a wjg fmd<j frlalhlska weiaiSfuka ms<d wjia:dj

kdY f' ydks jQ lr,a j.dfjka bj;alr kdYlr oukak'
;=kS fmd,s;skhlska fyda >kl lvodishlska l=vd wjia:df
isg lr,a wdjrKh lrkak'
we;=,; WIaKFjh je lr,g ydksu j,ld .ekSu i|yd
wdjrKh lsug fhdod.kakd fmd,s;Skfha fyda lvodisfhys
my< fl<jr jD;j ;nkak'
fuu ydksh md,kh lsu i|yd lD kdYlhla fhdokafka
k f*ka ; s f hda k a 50] BiS fyla g hdrhlg ,s ,S g r
1050 - 1400la u,a yg.kakd wjia:df isg fhdokak' c,h
iu. lD kdYlh l<jlr fhdod .kakd Y%Kfha iEu
,Sgrhlgu iSks .%e 25la o l<j lrkak' fuu lDkdYl
fhdod k 14 .;jk f;la wiajkq fk,Su fkdlrkak'
11
.vq ueiaid
wiajekak fk,Su
fuu lDhdf.a lSghd lr, je, ;=, isg islrk ydksh

ksid tys jeu nd, l=re f' lSghd ydks lrk ia:dkfhys
je, m%fYfuka folg m,d lSghd bj;a lrkak' ydksh
oreKqfhehs ;SrKh l<fyd;a ldn,a 85] lD kdYlfhka
.%E 4'5 c,h ,Sgrhl ne.ska Y%lr j.djg fhdokak'
fydka je fudard we;s wjia:df lr,a fk,d.kak' j.djg

k 60 - 75 jQ g m<uq wiajekak ,ef' bkamiq k 4 muK
jrla ne.ska wiajkq jdr 10 - 14 muK ,nd.; yelsh'
frda. md,kh
fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20 muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

lr,aj,g ydks fkdjk m wiqrd fj<| fmd,g hjkak'
wiajekak
hmqia frda.h
m;% u; ly meye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,s yg.kS' fuu mq,a,s miqj
Uqre meye f' w - iq meye;s ,Sr cdKq m;%fha h me;af;a
yg.kS' ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla f i|yd fhdokak'
;% ffjria frda.h
fld< yd ly meye;s ;%hla m;% u; we;s f' frda.S m;%
lD;s f' je,aj, jrOkh nd, f' frda.S je,a gq .i
.,jd kdY lrkak'
12
msms[a[d
lshql=ia ieghsjia
Cucumis sativus
l=,h - l=lrfis
b;d ckms % h t<j fnda . hls ' im% o dhs l f,i ms i .;a
wdydrhla jYfhka yd i,do wdldrhg wdydrhg .kq ,ef'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
f;;a l,dmfha jir mqrdu o" h<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha o
j.dl, yelsh' fuu fnda.h uqyq ugf isg gr 1000 muK
Wia jQ m%foaY olajd j.dl, yelsh' WIaK mir ;;aj m%sh
lrk fnda.hls' fnda.fha jrOkh idr:l u i|yd mej;sh
hq;= m%Yia: WIAK;ajh fikaf.%a 300 muK f'
mi
ieliSu
O wdldrfha mia j._ mj;sk bvj, msms[a j.dl,

yelsh' ldnksl jH uekka wvx= fydka c,jykhjk mi
j.dj i|yd jvd iqiqh' mfiys .= ld,hla c,h r mej;Sf
;;ajhg fnda.h b;d ixfh' iqiq mS't' w.h 5'5 - 7'5 f'
bvf j,ame, bj;alr fika gr 30 x 30 x 30 m%udKfha

j,j,a ksh; mr;hg ilikak'
rdm;ajQ ldnksl fmdfydr lsf,da .%E 3 muK" u;=msg mia
iu l<jlr j,j,a mqrjd .kak' fmd<j ugf isg
fika gr 10 muK Wig isk fia fuu Y%Kfhka j,j,a
uqkalr .kak'
13
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
fmdfydr fhu
t,a'jhs' 58
f.h lymdgh' lmeye;s fkre we;' uOHu Yd,Fjhla
iys; f. is,skavrdldrh'
c wjYH;djh
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 1 ls'
.%Euhl c 30 - 40 wvx.= f'
fhoshhq;=
ld,h
hQhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 2 miq
me, u;= i;s 5 miq
75
75
75
200
-
60
60
60
mr;rh
;ks j.djla i|yd gr 1 gr 1ls' nKavlald iu Y%
j.djla f,i o msms[a[d j.dl< yelsh' tg ,ndh hq;=
mr;rh fika gr 120 90 ls' tlu jf,ys fnda. folgu
wh;a c isgqjkak'
j,a me, md,kh

fnda.h iska fmd<j jid.kakd f;la j.df j,a me, md,kh
lsrSu ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak' msre fyda h,s ;Kfld<
jeks jiqka fhfuka o j,a me,j, jO_kh md,kh lr.;
yelsh'
c, imdokh
fnda.hg wkjYH m c,h iemhSu iqiq ke;' mfiys
f;;ukh je jQ g je,a yd f. l=Kq hd yelsh' tksid
j.dj hgjk m c,h yeru fkdlrkak'
je, mduq,g w;ska c,h ,ndu fyda ldkq f.a j.djg c,h
,nd fika mig Wrd.ekSug ie,eiau fyda lrkak' j.df
msre jeks jiqkla fhfuka mi h<Shdu wvqlr .; yelsh'
fi'' 120
mrd.kh
u,a mrd.kh jkafka m%Odk jYfhka ueiaika u.sks' f.
yg.kakd u,a we;sjkafka ms u,a yg.ekSu wdrN jQjdg
miqjh' je WIaKFjh iy .= jdld, mej;Su u.ska f.
yg.kakd u,a we;su m%udo lrhs'
fi'' 90
lD md,kh
wjq,lfmdard l=rehd
me, ;=kS lsrSu

tl j,l me, 2 muKla b;sjk f,i i;s 2 je me,
.,jd oukak'
jevqk l=rehd iska m;% yd u,a

wdh wdydrhg .kS' tu.ska ,m
me, imQrKfhkau kdY h
yelsh' tfiau me, ,m ld,fha"
lSghskaf.a ydkshg o f.dre h
yelsh'
ldn,a 85] jeks ks r f oa Y s ;
lDkdYlhla wjYH g" i;s 2
lg jrla ne.ska fhdokak'
14
tms,e.akd l=rehd
jevq k lDhd iy lS g hd m;%

wdydrhg .kS ' g% h s l a f ,da f *da k a
^ma a g frla i a 50]& ks r f oa Y s ;
wkaoug j.djg fhdokak'
m;% f ha h me;a f ;a w meye;s cdKq oels h yels h '

laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,&a lemagdka" uekafldfi" uefk
jeks ,Sr kdYlhla i;s 2 jrla ne.ska j.djg fhdokak'
msmqia frda.h
je mir WIaKFjhla mj;sk wjia:dj, je<|sh yels
frda.hls'
frda.S m;%% lymdg f' m;%fha fomiu iq meye;s cdKq
oel.; yelsh' laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a& jeks ,Sr
kdYlhla frda.h oreKq wjia:dj, i;sm;d fhdokak'
b,a ueiaid
uD l=Kqu
lf|ys mduq, iy fmd<j iu iamrY we;s f.j, uD
l=Kqula we;s f' j.dj ;=< c,jykh hqKq lrkak'
lS g hs k a is k a f. we;= , ;
islrk ydksh ksid f. l=Kq
je hhs'
weka;%elafkdaia frda.h
fnda.fha ishu jdhj fldgiaj,g je<|sh yelsh' m;%j,
m<uqfjka l=vd lymdg mq,a,s fyda f;;a me,a, we;s miqj
l%ufhka Yd, f' Yd, mq,,
a j
s , ueo isref' f.j, .skq
f;;a me,a, yg.kS'
laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,&a jeks ,Sr kdYlhla ksrf oaY;
s
wkaoug fhdokak'
ms,d wjh kdY lsru

S g mi wjqii
a kak' ydksjQ f. j.dfjka
bj;alr kdYlr oukak' f*ka;sfhdaka 50] lDkdYlh u,a
yg.kakd wjia:df isg i;s 2 jrla j.djg fhdokak' c,h
iu Y%lr.;a lDkdYl Y%Kfha iEu ,Sgrhlgu iSks
.%E 25 ne.ska l<jlr fhu jvd iqiqh'
r;= uhsgdjka
hqI Wrdu ksid m;%j, fld< meyeh wvq" Uqre meye"
myiqfjka lefvk iq iajNdjhlg m;a f' vhsfuf;dta
40] ksrfoaYs; m fhdokak'
l=;a;d yd iq ueiaid
;% ffjria frda.h m;=rjk jdylhka f' frda.S Ydl .,jd
kdYlr oukak' vhsfuf;dta 40] lDkdYl i;s 2 jrla
ne.ska fhdokak'
wiajekak fk,Su
f. ly meye we;sg fk,d.kak' msyshla jeks wdhqOhlska
f.fha kgqj lmd.kak' je,aj, mdrY
a l Ydl ish,a, jeug
bv yehg yg.kakd f." m%udKfhka l=vdf' wiajkq
fk,k jdr .Kk jel<g je wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
wiajekak
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 20"000 - 25"000 ls'
wiajekak ieliSu
fk,d.;a f.j, .=Kd;auh wvq fkd i;shla muK ld,hla
;nd.; yels h ' fuhg jvd l,a .;jQ f. yels , S u g
mgka.kakd w;r wm%ikak rihlao we;s lrhs'
frda. md,kh
h mqia frda.h
jI_ d ld,j, je<h yels oreKq u frda . hhs ' frda . h
oreKqj;au m;% ye,S hhs' m<uqj lymeye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,s
yg.;a miqj Uqremdg f'
15
jglald
lshqlgd uelaisud
Cucurbita maxima
l=,h - l=lrfis
YS% ,dxlslhka w;r b;d ckms%h t<j fnda.hls' fuh O

wdldrhg wdydr i|yd ilid .; yelsh' wvq houlska je
wdodhula ,nd.; yels u;a" fydka frE f. iEfyk
ld,hla idr:lj .nvdlr.; yelsu;a fuu fnda.fha fYaI
,CIK jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
uqyq ugf isg gr 500 olajd jQ m%foaYj, h,s yd
w;rue l,dmfha j.dl, yels fnda.hls'
mi
fydka c,h nei hk ldnksl jH wvx.= mil fydka jef'
fhda.H ms't' mrdih 5'5 - 7'5 f'
ieliSu
fika gr 20-30 .eUqrg mi fmr,d ;rula r jhkhla
we;sjk m leg fmdlr .kak' . m<, yd .eUqr fika
gr 30 ne.skajk m j,j,a ilialr .kak'
c wjYH;djh
fylaghdrhlg c lsf,da .%E 01 hs'
rE ldnksl jH lsf,da .%E 05 la tla j,lg tl;=lr u;=mg

s
mi iu Y% lrkak' ta Y%Kfhka fmdf<dj uggf isg
fika gr 10 la Wig j, mqrjkak'
isgqf ld,h
reyqKq jr.h
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
c,h iemhSul, yelsk kEu ld,hl isgqul, yel'
ta'tka'fla'reyqKq
foaYSh jr.
f. ta l dldrS yevhls k a hq l a ; h' m% u dKfhka l= v dh'

^lsf,da .%E 2-2 1$2& flld,Sk m%fNaohls' ûdi 2-2 1$2& fl
jrId ld,hla j.d lsrSug fhda.Hhs' l=Uqre bvj," lkak
w;r ld,fha o j.djg iqiqh' msg fmd;a; >kh" uoh ly
mdgh' m%jdykh lsrSug b;d fhda.H f'
kshu lkakhg j.d lsrSu jvd idr:lh'
c isgqu
h, - uehs ui
uy - Tlaf;danr ui
foaYSh jr.
yevh yd m%udKh Odldrh'
jrId c,fhka k" lkakhg muKla j.dl, yelsh'
uofha meyeh" ly isg ;e,s olajd fjkia f'
mr;rh
ta'tka'fla' reyqKq - gr 2'5 2'5
foaYsh jr. - gr 3 3
16
md,kh
fmdfydr fhu
fhoshhq;=
ld,h
hQhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
uQ,sl fmdfydr
75
me, u;= i;s 4 miq 75
200
-
60
60
60
frda.s me, Wrd kdY lrkak'

lDkdYl fhdod iqueiaika jeks frda. jdylhka urokh
lrkak'
lD md,kh
b,a ueiaid
c, imdokh
fuu ueia i df.a .eyeKq i;d

l= v d f. j, fmd;a ; o
;a ; r oeu ks i d we;s j k
lSghka ^mkqjka& we;=,; fldgia
ld oefuka .eg yd u,a ye,Su
yd f. l=Kq hdu isf'
c me, wjikajk f;la km;d c,h fhdokak' miqj k

5-7 g jrla c,h fhu iEfya'
j,a me,E md,kh

me, i;s 03 lska j,a fk,Sulr ^w;ska j,a fk,Su jvd iqiqh&s
jiqkla f,i msre fhdokak'
frda. md,kh
ydksh j,lajd .ekSu yd urokh
h mqia frda.h
msre iaj,amhlska M, wdjrKh lsrSu'

fmrfudaka W.=,a Nd;h'
wdid; f. lvd kdYlr oeu'
fuu ,Sr frda.h ksid m;% u; ly meye;s fldaKdldr mq,a,s

we;s f' m;% Uqremeye .eka yels,S hhs' m;% h me;af;a w
meye;s cdkq iuQy olakg ,ef'
ms mqia frda.h
,Srhla u.ska we;s f' m;% ly meye f' m;%j, fome;af;au
iq meye;s cdkq iuQy ia f'
weu ;eu
fmka;sfhdaka lD kdYlh iu iSks Y%lr" msms[a[d l=,fha

f. len,s tu djkfha kd 10 la muK .s,ajd ;nd j.dj
;=, ;ekska ;ek ;nkak'
lDkdYl Nd;h
md,kh
Odrl me<E yd l=lrfis l=,hg wh;a j,a me,E jr.
kdY lsrSu'
ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla Nd;d lsrSu'
uD l=Kqf frda.h ^ms;sh fYaI&
fmka ; s f hda k a ks r f oa Y s ; m% u dKh c,fha Y% l r ths k a

,Sgr 1 g iSks .%E 25 la Y%lr biskak' u,a msfmk wjia:df
isg i;s 02 lg jrla fhu l<hq;=h'
wiajekak fk,Su
f. u; msuh iajNdjhla iajk g fk,d .kak'
,Srhla u.ska we;s f' lf|ys mduq, yd" M, u;=msg uD

l=Kqula yg .kS'
ta'tka'fla' reyqKq - u,a msmS k 40

foaYSh jr.
- u,a msmS k 60
md,kh
wl f;;uk yd wdr;djh u yerSu'
mi nqre,alr jd;dY%h hqKq lsrSu'
ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla fhu'
wiajekak
iEu
jr . hlu
wia j eka k
lsf,da .%E 15000-25000 muK f'
fyla g hdrhlg
;% ffjrih
miq wiajkq lghq;=
m;% u; fld, yd ly meye;s mq,a,s we;sf' m;% fndl=gq

/,s je" me,a, o we;sf'
fydka fudark ,o f. h<s ia:dkhl udi 6-8 l ld,hla

.nvdlr ;nd.; yel'
17
nKavlald
wefn,afudiapia tialshq,ekagia
Abelmoschus esculantus
l=,h - ue,afiS
YS% ,xldf" Wvrg f;;a l,dmh yer wfkla kEu foaY.=l

l,dmhl j.dl< yels t<j fnda.hls' myiqfjka j.d lsru
S g
yels u;a" jrIh mqrdu wiajkq ,ndf yelshdj;a ksid
fndfyda t<j f.dka w;r nKavlald fnda.h m%p,s; fjka
mj;S' oekg ynkaf;dg" l=reKE.," r;akmqr iy ud;f,a
ia;s%lalj, th idr:lj j.d lrk w;r" wkqrdOmqr"
mq;a;,u" ud;r" n,a, iy fudKrd., ia;s%lalhkays o th
jHdma; fjka ;sf'
fuys m%Odk jYfhkau wdydrhg .kq ,nkafka ,m lr,a f'
kuq;a bkahdj" wmsl
% dj jeks rgj, nKavlald fld<o ckmsh
%
t<jjla f,i wdydrhg .efka'
O wdldrhg wdydr i|yd ilialr .; yels u;a" tys
fmdaIK .=Kh;a ksid mdfNda.slhka w;r nKavlald i|yd
fyd| b,aula ;sf' ,m lr,aj, fm%dak" fl jr." Lc"
fo iy gk wvx.= f' Lc w;ka le,aish yd whka
m%Odk ;ekla .kS' tksid whka W!K;djh ksid we;sjk
.,.kavh jeks frda. j,lajd .ekSf fuh jeo.;a fufyhla
bgq lrhs'
mi
wd,sl fyda CIdrSh fkdjk ukd c, jykhla iys; mila
fnda.fha idr:l jrOkh i|yd fhda.H f'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
t'whs - 5
h,s l,dmfha udia lkakh i|yd o wfkla l,dmj, h,"
uy folkakhgu o fhda.H f' lr,a ,d fld, meyehg yqreh'
m;% ;% ffjria frda.hg md;% f' k 55-60 l m<uq
wiajekak fk,d .; yel'
t'whs - 7
h<s l,dmfha h,a lkakh i|yd o" wfkl=;a l,dmj, h,"
uy folkakhgu o fhda.H f' lr,a ,d ly meye;sh' m;%
;% ffjria frda.hg md;% f' k 55-60 l m<uq wiajekak
fk,d .; yel'
18
y;
lr iy lr,a kakd
f;;a l,dmhg jvd h<s l,dmfha jvd;a fyd| jrOkhla

fmkajhs' h, uy folkakhgu fhda.H f' lr,a fld,
meye;sh' m;% ;% ffjria frda.hg Tfrd;a;= foa' k 50 l
muK m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh'
,m me,j, lr u yd lr,a u; isre we;s lrhs' ydksh

wl k ksrfoaYs; ldkdYl fhdokak'
c wjYH;djh
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 4'5 ls
m;% yels,Su is lrhs' ydks jQ m;% kdY lsrSu u.ska frda.h

j,lajd .; yel' ydksh wl k muKla ksrf oaY;
s lDkdYl
fhdokak'
isgqjk ld,h
frda. md,kh
uy lkakfha iema;enr ui uq, isg Tlaf;danr ui uq,

olajd;a" h, lkakfha wfma%,a ui isg uehs ui uq, olajd;a
j.dj weru i|yd iqiqh'
msmqia frda.h
isgqu yd mr;rh
fld, yl=,k o<Uqjd
m;% u;= msg iq meye;s me,a, oelsh yelsh' ydksh wl k

ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla fhdokak'
;% ffjria frda.h
fika gr 9060 mr;rhg fika gr 30 la muK Wi"

m<, yd .eUqr we;s j,j,a ilialr tajd rdm;ajQ f.du
fmdfydr fyda fldfmdaia j,ska mqrjd .ekSfuka miq c
3-4 la ne.ska tl j,l isgj
q kak' c m%frdayKh f.j;a lsru
S
i|yd;a" taldldrS j.djla ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a c isgqug
fmr meh 24 l ld,hla c,fha fmdjkak' c isgqjd i;s 2
lg miq tla j,l ksfrda.s Yla;u
s ;a me, folla ne.ska b;sjk
fia je me, bj;a lrkak'
fnda.fha uq,a jrOk wjfha fuh je,kfyd;a wiajekak

80] la muK wvq f'
fmdfydr fhu
fhh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
;s%;aj iqmr
fmdiafma
fy$ls'.%E' fy$ls'.%E'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 4
me, u;= i;s 8
100
100
100
200
-
hqfha
T*a fmdgEIa
fy$ls'.%E'
50
50
50
j,a me,E md,kh

c isgqjd i;s 2-4 ;a" u,a yg.ekSu wdrN jQ wjfha;a
j,a urokhl< hq;=f'
lD md,kh
m;% lSvEjka
j.df jhi i;s 2-3 isg lSvE Wjrg md;% h yel' frda.h
nrm;, k ksrfoaYs; lDkdYl fhdokak'
frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd ksrfoaYs; ld,fha c isgqu"

jdyl lDka kdY lsrSu" Odrl Ydl kdY lsrSu" frda.hg
md;% jQ me, .,jd kdY lsrSul< hq;=h' kuq;a" jvd;a idr:l
jkafka m%;sfrda m%fNao j.d lsrSuhs'
19
wiajkq fk,Su
c isgj
q d k 50 isg 100 olajd ld,h ;=< jdr lsym
s hla wiajkq
fk,sh yel' .=Kd;auh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd kla yer kla
,m lr,aj, kgqj msyshlska lmd fk,d .kak'
wiajekak
foaY.=l l,dmh" lkakh yd m%fNao wkqj wiajkq m%udKhka
fjkia f' idudkHfhka fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 10-15
la muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
wiajekak ieliSu
lr,a fk,d.;a miq j ;o iQ r h df,da l hg ks r djrKh
fkdlrkak' frda. yd lD ydksj,g ,lajQ lr,a" lD;s yevhla
iys; yd frE lr,a f;dard bj;a lrkak'
fydka jd;dY% h ,efnk weiq r ej, nyd m% f Yfuka
fj<|fmd,g hjkak'
20
uE
.akd wka.=hslshq,dgd
Vigna unguiculata
l=,h - *efiS
ieliSu
.%S ,dxlhka w;r fnfyka ckm%sh t,j fn`.hla f,i
uE yekah yel' uE j._ b;d fydka j.dl< ye jkafka
my; rg f;;a" w;rueo yd h<s l,dmSh m%foaYj,h'
mi
je,s f,da mia j.dj i|yd jvd iqiqh' mfiys h hq;=
fh`.H;u mS't' w.h 5'6 - 7 f' c, jykh j_, ia:dkj,
iy ue wl miaj, j.d fkdl< hq;=h'
fika gr 15-20 muK .eUqrlg mi fmr<d leg fmdlr

.kak' ;o jrId ld,hkays c,h r|d isug bv we ia:dkj,
Wia md;a ilikak'
c, imdokh hgf;a j.dlrk wjia:df je yd ldkq
ilikak' md;a fkdid iu;,d fys j.d lrkafka k"
fYaIfhka uy lkakfha bvfuys c,jyk ldkq ieliSu
jeo.;ah'
21
rfoaYs; m%fNao
yj uE
je,la wdldrhg jO_kh f' ,d fld< meye .= lr,aj,
w. fl<jr o meyeh' c l meyeh' k 60 - 70 wiajkq
fk,Su wdrNl< yeh'
fmdf<dka uE
je,la wdldrhg jO_khf' ;o . meye lr,aj, o meye
me,a, we;' l%S meye;s cj, c ,mh m%foaYh lh' k
60 - 70 wiajkq fk,Su wdrNl< yeh'
w;r" c, imdokh hgf;a k wfma%,a fyda uehs udij,

j.dj wdrNl< hq;=h'
f;;a l,dmfha fuu fnda. j.dl< hq;af;a ;o jrId ld,hg
miqjh'
mr;rh
mre uE j._ - fika gr 60-75 fika gr 20
je,a wdldrfha uE j._ - fika gr 90 fika gr 30
wdOdrl fldagq fj; je,a jeug i,ikak'
nqIsgdfj` ^foaYsh&
mrla wdldrhg jO_khf' ,d fld< meye uOHu m%udKfha
.ka hq;a lr,a yg.kS' l%
S meye cj, c ,mh m%foaYh
Uqre meyeh' k 45 - 50 wiajekak fk,Su wdrNl<
yeh'
' tia' 1
mrla wdldrhg jO_khjk fuys lr,a ,d fld< mdgh' l%S
meye cj, Uqre meye me,a, we;' k 45 - 50
wiajekak fk,Su wdrNl< yeh'
fiak
fmdfydr fhu
mre wdldrhg jO_khjk fuu m%fNaofha yg.kakd udxi,

lr,a fld< meyeh' c l%S meyejk w;r" c ,mh r;=
Uqre meyeh' k 45 - 50 wiajekak fk,Su wdrNl<
yeh'
c isgqug fmr rdm;a jQ ldnksl fmdfydr fhdod mig

l<j lrkak' thg wu;rj my; i|yka wkaoug ridhksl
fmdfydro j.djg ,nd fokak'
mre fmdf<dka uE
mre wdldrhg jO_khjk fuu m%fNaofha yg.kakd lr,a
uOHu m%udKfha .ka hqla;f' fld< meye;s lr,a u;=msg
o meye;s me,a, olakg ,ef' wdydrhg ilid.;a g
idudkH fmdf<dka uEj, rih f.kfohs' c ls% meye;sjk
w;r" c ,mh l meye;sh' k 45 - 50 wiajekak fk,Su
wdrNl< yelsh'
fhh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
fy$ls'.%E'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
udihlg miq
45
45
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

fy$ls'.%E'
fy$ls'.%E'
130
-
65
-
c, imdokh
c wjYH;djh
mre wdldrfha j._
je,a wdldrfha j._
- fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 17 - 20

- fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 16 - 20
j.df uq,a wjfha k 4 muK jrla ne.ska o" bkamiq

i;shlg jrla ne.ska o" c,h imhkak' mfiys f;;ukh
jeu ksid mduq, l=Kqf frda.h je<ug bv ;sf'
j.d ld,h
j,a me,E md,kh
h<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha fkdjenr ui wjidk Nd.fha

j.dj wdrN lrkak' h,a lkakfha wyia fhka j.d
lrkafka k udr;= fyda wfma%,a udij, c isgqh hq;=jk
i;s 2 iy 4 j.df j,a me,E bj;a lrkak'
22
lD md,kh
lsysm jr.hlg wh;a lr,a k o<Uqjka" m;% lSvEjka"
l+;a;ka iy ms ul=Kka ksid uE j._j,g ydks ish yelsh'
oreKq ugf ydkshla mj;sk wjia:dj, muKla ksrf oaY;
s
lDkdYl fhdod tlS lDka md,kh lsrSug lghq;= lrkak'
lDkdYl fhug fmr iqiq wjia:djg m;a we;s lr,a
fk,d .ekSug lghq;= lrkak' lD kdYl f,an,fha i|yka
fmr wiajkq ld,h .; ug fmr" kej; wiajekak fk,Su
mdfNda.sl fi!LHhg wys;lrh'
mre fmdf<dka uE m%fNaoh fuu frda.hg fydka Tfrd;a;=

fok w;r 'tia' 1 m%fNaoh thg Yd, jYfhka f.dre f'
fiak iy nqIsgdfjda foaYSh m%fNao fuu frda.hg uOHia:
ugulska Tfrd;a;= foa' j.djg i;s 4 muK jhia jQ g
fgnqfldkfida,a ^f*d,slr& ,Sr kdYlh fhfuka idr:lj
frda.h md,kh lr.; yelsh'
wiajekak fk,Su
fr`. md,kh
mre wdldrfha j._j, iEu k 3 - 4 jrla ne.ska wiajkq

jdr 7 - 12 muK ,nd.; yeh' je,a wdldrfha j._ j,skao
iEu k 3- 4 jrla ne.ska wiajkq jdr 15 - 16 muK ,nd.;
yeh'
mduq, l=Kqu
wiajekak
m;% ly mdgjk w;r" fr`.S me, ue, hhs' l| mduq,

m%foaYfhka Uqre meye rjrKula we th l%ufhka
by< m%foaYh olajd jO_khf'
fmdf<dka iy yj uE - fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 12

nq I s g dfj` foa Y s h - fyla g hdrhlg fu% l a fgdka 10
mre fmdf<dka uE - fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 9
fn`. udrej mfiys wl f;;uk ;;ajhla we fkdug

j. n,d .ekSu yd jemqr khsc
% ka wvx.= ridhl fmdfydr
fkdfhu wdh flfrys je wjOdkhla fhfuka fr`.h
md,khlr .; yelsh' fr`.h oreKq ;;ajhg m;a we;Ak
rfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhka mi f;;al< hq;=h'
w meye;s l| wx.udrh
fuh f;;a l,dmfha j.djka i|yd nyq, jYfhka je<h yels
frda.hls' frda.h we;sjkafka uefl%df*dakd f*aifs hda,s keue;s
,Srh ksidh'
fuu frda.h l=vd me,j,g fukau ;rula jevqk me,j,go
je<h yelsh' uQ,sl frda. ,CIK jYfhka w Uqre meye;s
.s,ajqk iajNdjhla .kakd h<s me,a, lf|ys mdoia:
m%foaYfhys we;s f' Ydlh l%ufhka jefv;au" fuu frda.
me,a, me,Efha w.%ia: m%foaYh olajd l%ufhka Yd, f'
tg l%u l%ufhka me,Eh ue, miqj ue hhs' frda.S .iaj,
m;% lymdg uehduo isf' frda.h oreKq ugka mj;sk
j.djkays Yd, wiajkq ydkshla we;sh yelsh'
23
oU,
fidf*dldmia fgg%df.dfkdf,dania
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
l=,h - *efiS
uqyq ugf isg gr 2000 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd j.dl<

yels fnda.hls' mdrmlj j.dlrk ,o oU, m%fNaoj,ska
wiajkq ,nd.; yelsjQfha uy lkakfha muKls' thg fya;=j
tu m%fNaoj, u,a msmu
S i|yd fl jd ld, ;sh hq;j
= Q ksidh'
kuq;a jr;udkfha jir mqrdu j.dlr wiajkq ,nd.; yels
kj m%fNao yslr ;sf'
mi
ieliSu
je,s iys; miaj, fukau ue wl miaj,o j.dl< yels

fnda.hls' kuq;a fydka c,h neihk" ldnksl jH uekka
wvx.=" je,s f,da iy ue f,da mia j.dj i|yd jvd iqiqh'
.eUqrg u fmr<d leg fmdlr .kak' bvfuys c,h r|d

isf wjodkula mj;Sk Wia md;a;s fyda je yd ldkq
wdldrhg bvu ilialr .kak'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
tia't,a'tia' 44
jir mqrdu j.dlr idr:l wiajekakla ,nd.; yels j._hls'
lr,a fld, meye;sh' lr,l idudkH nr .%e 15 muK f'
24
c wjYH;djh
c, imdokh
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 21-23 ls'
h<s ld,.=l ;;a;ajhka mj;sk wjia:dj, i;shlg

jrla muK ne.ska j.djg c,h imhkak' je,s wl mia iys;
bvj, j.dlr we;sg fuhg jvd wvq ld, mr;rhlska
c,h ,ndug isjkq we;'
mr;rh
fika gr 75 fika gr 60 ls'
j,a me,E md,kh
j.d ld,h
jr I d ld,h wdrNh;a iu. c is g q j ka k ' tla j,l
fika gr 2-5 muK .eUqka c 2-3 muK isgqh hq;=h'
wdrNl wjia:df oU, fnda.h b;d fika jrOkhjk

ksid fuu ld,fha j,a me,E md,kh ms<sn|j fYaIfhka
ie,ls,su;a jkak' c m%frdayKh i;s 1" 3" 5" 7 iy 12 j,a
me,E md,kh lsu fYaIfhka ksrfoaY lrkq ,ef'
fmdfydr fhu
fydka rdm;a jq ldnksl fmdfydr" ilid.;a j,j,aj,g
fhdod mia iu. fydka l<j lr.kak' fuhg wu;rj my;
i|yka wdldrhg ridhksl fmdfydr o j.djg ,ndfokak'
fhh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 4
me, u;= i;s 10
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

fy$ls'.%E' fy$ls'.%E'
fy$ls'.%E'
lD yd frda. md,kh
oU, j.djg Yd, jYfhka ydks muqKqjkq ,nk lDka iy
frda. ms,n
s | jdr;d ke;' iuyr wjia:dj, m;% wdydrhg
.kakd o<Uqjka yd lr,a k mKqjka jeks lDka ksid iq
ydks we;sh yelsh' nelahd ue,u ksid je,aj,g ydks
we;s wjia:d ms<sn|j o l,d;=rlska jdr;d ;sf'
hqhd
45
20
20
220
-
65
-
wiajkq fk,Su
ksrfoaYs; m%fNaofhys ^tia't,a'tia' 44& m<uq wiajekak k 75
muK ,nd.; yelsh' kuq;a nyq, jYfhka j.dlrkq ,nk
fjk;a m%fNaoj, f i|yd k 90-100 muK ld,hla .;f'
tu wjia:df isg i;s 6-7 muK ld,hla ;=, wiajkq ,nd.;
yelsh' k 3-4 jrla ne.ska ,m lr,a fk,d.kak'
wiajekak
wdOdrl isgqu
fylaghdrhlg fgdka 15-20 ls'
j,j,a wi,ska isgj

q d.;a wdOdrl lKq fj; je,a mqyK
q q lrkak'
25
;lald,s
,hsfldmrislka tialshq,ekag
Lycopersicon esculentum
l=,h - fid,fkaiS
,xldf Wvrg f;;a l,dmfha yer wksl=;a ishu lDIs

foaY.=l l,dmj, ;lald,s j.dl< yelsh' th f.dhdg
idr:l wdodhula Wmhdfok" ie,lshhq;= wmkhk Njhla
we;s yd gka ta" iS yd Lksc modr: wvx.= fnda.hla o f'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
fla'v'wdr' ^'62&
mre ;lald,s m%fNaohls' nelahdkq ysgq uerSug fydka
Tfrd;a;= foa' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 50 la muKh'
frdaud
mre ;lald,s m%fNaohls' my; rg h<s l,dmhg jvd;a
iqiqh' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 60 la muKf' ;o fmd;a;la
iys;h' n,andldr yeve;sh'
udr.af,da
je,a ;lald,s m%fNaohls' jvd;a iqiq jkafka Wvrg w;rue
l,dmhgh' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 100 la muKh' ;o
fmd;a;lska hqla;h'
26
hkaia ^'89&
r;
wrO jYfhka je,a wdldrhg jefvk ;lald,s m%fNaohls'

Wvrg w;rueo l,dmhg jvd;a iqiqh' f.hl idudkH
nr .%E 100 la muKf' ;o fmd;a;la iys;h
.%e 80 muK nrlska hq;a fuu m%fNaofha f. bKq g ;e,s

mdgh' mrla wdldrhg jefvk Ydlfhys iS; jrOk
,dYhla mj;S ' ys g q uef frda . hg uOHia : ugf
m%;sfrda;djhla fmkajhs' f. me,Su isjkafka b;d uo
jYfhks' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 30
muK f'
' 146
mre ;lald,s m%fNaohls' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 90 la
muKh' ;o fmd;a;la we;' nelahdkq ysgquerSf frda.hg"
fkufgdavdjkag m%;fs rdah" fld< fldvf jhsria frda.hg
fCIa;%fha Tfrd;a;= ula fmkajhs'
c wjYH;djh
ydr 2
;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu
fouqyq m%fNaohls' jO_k ,dYh mrla jeksh' f.hl

idudkH nr .%E 65 muK f' ;o fmd;a;la iys;h'
gr 1 la m<," gr 3 la . ;jdka md;a;s 20 la fylaghdrhla

i|yd wjYHh'
;s<sK
md;a;s jgd ldKqj fika gr 45 la m<,g ilikak'

;jdka md;a;s fika gr 18-20 muK Wiah hq;=h'
wm; jrOkhla iys; je wiajkq fok m%fNaohls' k 45

u,a msfmk w;r udi 2 1$2 m<uq wiajekak ,nd foa' wju
jYfhka jdr 12 muK wiajkq ,nd.; yelsh' i,do i|yd
fukau O ksIamdok ieliSu i|yd o iqiq fuu m%fNaofha
f. ;o iajNdjhlska hql;
a ksid m%jdykfha isjk ydksj,g
fydka Tfrd;a;= foa' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 85-95 muK
f' bKq f. ;e,s r;= mdgh' f.hla ;=< wvx.= c
m%udKh fjk;a fndfyda j._j,g jvd wvqh'
fylaghdrhg - .%E 300-400 ls'
u;= m s g mia yd fldfmda i a iu m% u dK j,s k a Y% l r"

fika gr 5 muK >klu ;gqjla fia md;a;h
s u; w;=rkak'
jdkqyrKh
ridhksl jH fhfuka - lemagdka$;srd
ms<siaiSu u.ska - md;a;sh fyd|ska f;ud udrefjka udrejg
oyhshd yd msre ;gq jYfhka oud mqiaid .kak'
r
je mir WIaKFjhla mj;sk m%foaY i|yd fYaIfhka
.e,fmk m%fNaohls' m; jrOkhla iys;hs' bKq f.
;e,s-r;= mdgh' miq wiajkq ydks wvqh' f. msmsug yd
ysgqueug ;rula Tfrd;a;= foa'
;
ysgu
q eug fydka Tfrd;a;= fok ;o r;= meye;s uohla iys;
rjq f. yg.kakd j._hls' O ;lald,s ksIamdok ieliSu
i|yd fYaIfhka iqiqh' f.hl idudkH nr .%E 43 muK
f'
rIa
fouqyqka ;lald,s m%fNaoj, fuka Yd, f. yg.kakd" je
wiajekakla ,nd .; yels m%fNaohls' mrla wdldrhg jefvk
iS; jrOkhla we;s .ils' bKq f. ;e,s r;= mdgh'
.%e 185 la muK nrh' ysgq uef frda.hg uOHia: ugka
m%;sfrda;djhla olajhs' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg
fu%la fgdka 25 - 28 muK f'
c ;jdka oeu
iqiq ld,h
udr;= ueo fyda wf.daia;= ui w. c ;jdka oukak'
;jdka ug fmr c .%E 125 lg lemagdka$;srd jeks
,SrkdYl .%E 2 la Y%lr .kak'
;jdfka fma,s w;r mr;rh fika gr 12-15 la jkfia
c ;=kSj oukak'
isgqjk .eUqr
fika gr 0'5 -1'0 muK .eUqrlska c isgqjd ;=kS mia
;gqjlska jikak' bkamiq md;a;sh msis msre jeks
jHhlska ;=kSj jikak' km;d c,h oukak'
wl jeiafika$ysre t<sfhka wdrCIdlr .ekSu i|yd ;jdk
wdjrKh lrkak'
27
k 7 lska miq jiqk bj;a lrkak' k 8 - 10 ;=< me, ;=kS

lrkak' j,a me<E w;ska .,jd oukak'
n,a, ia;s%lalh i|yd ;s%;aj iqmr fmdiafma fylaghdrhg

lsf,da .%E 220 fhdokak'
me, .e,ug k lsysmhlg l<ska me, oelsrSu i|yd

;jdkg c,h wvqfjka iemhSu yd je f,djla ysret<shg
me, ksrdjrKh lsrSu jeo.;ah'
c, imdokh
fCIa;%h ms<sfh, lsrSu
fnda.hg m%udKj;a f,i c,h ,nd fokak' jemqr c,h fhu

iqiq ke;' fYaIfhka h<s ld,hlg miq jemqr c,h
fhjfyd;a f. msmsrSug bv ;sf'
fmr lkakfha fid,fkaifs ha l=,fha îa" ngq" wr;dm,a& fnda.

j.d fkdl< bvula j.dj i|yd f;dard .kak'
j,a urokh
me, isgqjd i;s 3 yd 6 is lrkak'
.eUqre mia fmr,Sulska miq fmdf,dj ug fldg ukdj c,h

neihk m bvu ilid .kak'
mr;rh
wdOdrl isgqu
.ia weo jeu j,ld.ekSu i|yd u,a msmu
S wdrN ug l,ska
.ia wi, isgqjd.;a fldagqj,g .ia ;nd m%fYfuka nkak'
fika gr 80 50 ls'
fCIa;%fha isgqu
me, .e,ug klg fmr ;jdka fydka f;;a lrkak'
;jdfka me, k 14 - 21 w;r .,jd isgqjkak' ijia jref
me, isgqjkak'
me, is g q j k iEu j,lgu ldnks l fmdfydr fhdoka k '
^fylaghdrhlg fgdka 6 - 12& iu;,d md;a;sj, fyda Wia
md;a;sj, fyda me, isgqu lrkak' me, isgqjd wl ysre
/ia we;s k me,j, uq,a jefvk f;la wdjrKh fldg
;nkak'
fmdfydr fhu
ilid .;a j,j,aj,g me, isgqug k 2-3 fmr ldnksl
fmdfydr iy uQ,sl fmdfydr jYfhka fhh hq;= ridhksl
fmdfydr fhdod mia iu Y% lrkak' ldnksl fmdfydr
jYfhka fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 muK l=l=,a fmdfydr o
fhh yelsh'
ridhksl fmdfydr
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hQhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

uQ,sl fmdfydr
65
325
-
65
65
28
lD md,kh
;lald,s f. k mKqjd
ydksfha ,CIK
l=vd mkqjd fl ld,hla m;% lka l%ufhka f. ug mgka

.kS' f.j, isre olakg ,ef'
g%hslaf,daf*daka" 500 g/1

^mafgfrlaia&
fm%df*fkdf*dia" 500 g/1
^fi,sfl%daka&
fm%d;sfhdf*dia" 500 g/1
^fgdl=;fhdaka&
laf,da*ajiqfrdaka" 50 g/1
^wegfn%daka&
,s ,Sgr 37
,s ,Sgr 23
,s ,Sgr 30
,s ,Sgr 10
by; lDkdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr 10 l ne.ska Y%lr

fhdokak'
frda. md,kh
;jdka frda.
,Sr jr. lsym
s hla ksid hu,kalEu fkdfyd;a mduq, l=K
q u
we;sh yel'
frda.S me,j, lf|ys mduq, m%foaYh l=Kq me, weoje fyda
ue, miqj uerS hhs'
md,kh
md,kh
my; i|yka lDkdYlj,s k a tlla j.djg fhdoka k '
laf,da*ajiqfrdka - ,s ,Sgr 10 50 g/1 ^wegfn%dka& neis,ia
;=frkatkaisia - .%E 45 ^''& by; lDkdYlj, ksh;
m%udK c,h ,Sgr 10l ne.ska hlr biskak'
u,a yd f. yg.kakd wjfha lDkdYl bish hq;h
= ' wjYH
k muKla k 14 lg jrla lDkdYl o" k 10 lg jrla
' o fhu jvd;a iqiqh' wiajekak fk,Sug k 14 lg fmr
lDkdYl fhu kj;ajkak'
lsh;a mkqjd
ydksfha ,CIK
;jdka mfia frda. we;s lrk ,Sr jr. we;s neka ;jdka
ilia lrk g ;jdka md;a;sj, mi mqiaid .kak'
tfia fkdue;s k my; i|yka ,SrkdYlj,ska tlla hlr
mi fydka f;fuk fia u,a nd,ahlska mig fhdokak'
l
l
l
l
l
lemagdka 50]
lemagdka 80]
laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a&
;srd
;fhd*fka ;hs,a ^fgdmaiSka&
.%E 6
.%E 4
.%E 6
.%E 7
.%E 3
by; ,SrkdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr 5 l hlr jr. gr 2

lg fhdokak' ke;fyd;a my; i|yka ,SrkdYl iu. Y%lr
c isgqjkak'
l=vd me,j, l| lmd kdYlr ouhs'

md,kh
fCIa;%fha mi fydka fmr,d ysret<shg ksrdjrKh lrkak'
l
l
l
lemagdka 50]
lemagdka 80]
;srd
.%E 6
.%E 4
.%E 4
by; m%udKh c lsf,da 1 lg iEfya'

is g q j k wjia : df fyla g hdr 1 lg ldfnd*s h q r dka 3]
lsf,da .%E 22 - 35 w;r m%udKhla mig l,j lrkak'
tfia ke;fyd;a"
my; i|yka lDkdYlj,ska tlla me, isgqfuka miq
me,h jgd mi f;fukfia fhdokak'
,Sr ue,u
,Sr jr. lsysmhla ksid we;s f'
frda. ,CIK
.i ue, hhs' .fia mduq, yd uq,a l=Kq hhs' iuyrg uq,a
yd mduq, fldgfia iqmdg ,Sr oelsh yel'
29
md,kh
msmqia frda.h
ldKq .eUqrelr fydka c,h nei hdug i,iajkak' by;

,Sr kdYl frda.S me,fha uq,a yd ta wjg we;s me,j, uq,a
fydka f;fuk fia u,a nd,ahlska fhdokak'
frda. ,CIK
nelahd ysgquerSu
iqmdg ms jeks ,Srfha fldgia fld<j, h me;af;a uq,k

s u
a
we;s f' f ksid fld<j, Wv me;a; lymdg f'
md,kh
mfia we;s nelahdjla u.ska we;s f'

frda. ,CIK gq jydu i,a*r l=vq .%E 50 c,h ,Sgr 10 l
hlr biskak' wjYH k kej; i;shlska biskak'
frda. ,CIK
me, ue,u is f' .fia mduq, fyda uq,a l=Kqula msg;ska
olakg fkd,ef' mi ugug w,la muK Wka l| lmd
msis j;=r Ndckhlg oeuQg lsmdg kQ,a fuka nelahd
msg;g mefKa k" fuh nelahd ysgquerSu nj ia:srju
ks.ukhl, yel' f wkqj ,Sr ysgquefuka fuh fjkalr
ykd.; yelsh'
frda. ,CIK
f. l=Kqu yd l| by< isg l=Kqu" u,a ye,Shdu is f'
jeis iys; ld,.=Kfha frda.h oreKq f'
md,kh
md,kh
my; i|yka ,SrkdYlj,ska tlla fhdokak'

ldKq .eUqrelr fydka c,jykh we;s lrkak'
m%;sfrda jr. j.d lrkak' KWR b;du;a m%;sfrdah'
T-146 ;rula fuhg m%;sfrdaf'
mig ldnksl fmdfydr fhdokak'
wx.udrh
l
l
l
l
laf,da;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a&
uekafldfi
uefk
ldnkavis ^neiaka&
.%E 20
.%e 20
.%E 20
.%E 7
by; ,Sr kdYl m%udK c,h ,Sgr 10 l hlr biskak'

frda. ,CIK
fld<j, yd lf|a Uqre fyda lmdg mq,a,s we;s f' tajd jeis
fyda u iys; ld,.=Kfha blauka Yd, l=Kq hhs'
mq,a,sj,g Wka we;s .fia fldgia lvdjeu fyda ue,u
isf' fuu mq,a,s .fia kEu ;ekl we;sh yel' f.j,o
tu mq,a,s we;s f.o l=Kq hhs'
f.j, hg l=Kqu
fuh fnda.hlg ,efnk c, m%udKh jeu fyda wvqu ksid
we;sjkakls'
frda. ,CIK
md,kh
f.fha h me;a; l=Kq hhs'
jeis iys; ld,.=Khla we;sg frda.h blaukska me;srS .ia

ish,a,u kdY hd yels neka frda. ,CIK gqjydu my;
,SrkdYlj,ska folla f;dardf.k udrefjka udrejg i;s 2
lg jrla fhdokak'
md,kh
l
l
l
l
l
f;;ukh taldldrSj mj;ajd .ekSug msre" fld< j._ wdh

fhdod me, wjg jiqka lrkak'
laf,dafrda;ef,dks,a ^vefldks,a&
fm%msfk ^wekag%flda,a&
uekafldfi
uefk
fm%dmfudld ^fm%lr&
,s ,Sgr 30
,s ,Sgr 20
,s ,Sgr 20
,s ,Sgr 25
,s ,Sgr 35
by; ,Sr kdYl m%udKh c,h ,Sgr 10 l hlr .ia fydka

f;fuk fia fhdokak'
ksrf oaY;
s wdldrhg fmdfydr Y%K fhdokak' jefhka hQhd
fmdfydr fkdfhdokak' frda.s .ia yd f. fCIa;f% hka bj;alr
kdYlr oukak'
j;= r je ld,j, ldKq .eUq r elr j;= r nei hdug

i,iajkak' j;=r ys ld,j, j;=r imhkak'
ffjria frda.
,xldf ;lald,s j.djg n,mdk ffjria frda. lsysmhls'
l
l
l
l
l
msms[a[d ;% ffjrih (CMV)

fld< ;% ffjrih (TMV)
fgduefgda iafmdg ,a ffjrih (TSWV)
;lald,s lymeye fld< fldvf ffjrih (TYLCV)
lr,s fgdma ffjrih (CT)
30
CWV frda. ,CIK
TYLCV frda. ,CIK
Ydl l=reu" m;% lyu" m;% isyskau f. l=vdu" wvqu

yd m%udo frSu
fndau
l
l
l
l
l=;a;ka u.sk"a frda.S Ydlj, hqI ksfrda.S Ydlj, ;ejrSfuka"

j,a me,E c u.ska
fndau
md,kh
iqueiaid u.ska fndaf' kuq;a c yd Ydl hqI u.ska fuu

frda.h fnda fkdf'
j,a me,E kdY lsrSu'

msms[a[d l=,fha yd fid,fkais l=,fha fnda. iu ;lald,s
Y% j.djla f,i j.d fkdlsrSu'
frda.S me, bj;a lsrSu'
frda. jdylhdf.a .ykh wvqlr .ekSug ksrfoaYs;
lDkdYl fhu'
TMV frda. ,CIK

l
l
l
l
Ydl l=reu
m;%" jk m;% fuka isyskaj lau'
m;% ;%h yd m;% /,s .eiSu'
f. bu taldldrj isfkdu
lf|ys w.%ia: iDcqj ;su yd miqj flu'

m;% l=vdu'
m;% Wvg fyda hgg yels,Su'
jrOkh nd,u'
md,kh
iqueiaid md,khg ksrfoaYs; lDkdYl fhu' frda.S Ydl
bj;alsrSu" j,ame,E kdY lsrSu'
CT frda. ,CIK
l=vd l< frda. Ydl h<S h hhs" Ydl l=re f" m;% kgq
my;g lvd jef" m;% Wv w;g yelsf,a" m;% Uqre meye
kdr o meyef' f. u; Uqre meye;s me,a, yg.kS'
fndau
fld<mdg lSvEjka u.ska fndajk fuu frda.h Ydl hqI u.ska
jHdma; fkdf'
fndau
l
l
l
frda.S Ydlj,ska ,nd.;a c u.ska

frda.S j.djkays mia yd uq,a u.ska
frda.S Ydl fldgiaj,ska
md,kh
j,ame,E md,kh" ksrfoaYs; lDkdYl fhdod jdylhd
md,kh' frda.S Ydl bj;a lsrSu" yd ;lald,s Y% fnda.
f,i j.d fkdlsrSu''
md,kh
wdid; Ydl mqiaid oeu" msis c Nd;h" c m%;l
s drl
fhu" g%hsfidah flda fmdiafma djKfha kd 15 la
c ;nd c,fhka fidaod c f,Su'
TSWV frda. ,CIK

l
l
l
l
m;%j, ;U meyehla we;s f'

,m m;% u; ;o me,a, yg.kS'
w.%ia:h hhdu yd Ydl l| u; b we;sf'
w;= ue, lvd jef' f. u; rjq me,a, we;s f'
fndau
me, uelalka u.ska" c u.ska" Ydl hqI u.ska'
wiajekak
fydka kv;a;=l< j.djlska fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20-30
muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
wiajkq fk,Su
f. fld< meyefha isg ly mehg yefrk wjia:df
fk,d.kak' wiajkq fk,Su 10-12 jrlg muK l< hq;=h
wiajekak ilid .ekSu
fk,d.;a f." m%udKh wkqj j._lr" fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk
m ,S fmj, wiqrd fj<|fmd,g hjkak'
md,kh
j,a me,E kdY lsrSu" frda.S me, bj;a lsrSu" ksfrda.S c
Nd;h" jdylhdf.a .yKh wvqlsrSu" ksrfoaYs; lDkdYl
fhu'
31
fndax
*eis,ia jq,a.dia
Phaseolus vulgaris
l=,h - *efis
foaY.=l wjYH;d
n,a," kqjrt<sh" ud;f,a yd uykqjr ia;s%lalj, oekg
fndax nyq,j j.d flfr' WIaKFjh b;d je yd ;o jrIdj
iys; ld,.=l ;;aj mj;sk m%foaY fndax j.djg iqiq ke;'
u,a yg.kakd wjfha WIaKFjh fika%f.%a wxYl 30 g
jvd wvqh hq;h
= 's Wvrg f;;a l,dmh o fndax j.djg iqiq
fkdf'
mi
ukd c, jykhla we;s f,da mia yd je,s f,d mia iqiqh'
r;= ly fmdfid,sla mi fndax j.dj i|yd jvd;a W;
mia j._hls' mS't' w.h 6'5 isg 7'5 w;r we;s mila j.djg
jvd;a ys;lr f'
32
ieliSu
fgdma fl%dma
whla muK .eUqrg mi fmr,d fydka leg fmdlr .kak'
lr,a ,d fld," rjq " fl iys ; yd uOHu m% u dKfha

Yd,;ajhlska hqla;hs'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
fpfrdls jelaia
m%Odk jYfhka mre yd je,a fndax f,i wdrhka folls'
me;,s j,dldr" fl iys; lr,a lymdgg yqreh'
je,a fndax m%fNao

flkagls jkavr .S%ka (K.W.G.)
fld<meye;s" uOHu m%udKfha" fl iys;" keuqKq w. iys;
lr,aj,ska hqla;h'
c wjYH;djh
fylaghdrhlg je,a fndax c lsf,da.E% 50 la muKo" mre
fndax c lsf,da.%E 75 la muKo wjYH f'
c isgqh hq;= ld,h

lemafmfmd, ks,a
fi' 18-20 muK . fld< meye;s lr,a iys; je,a fndax
m%fNaohls' m<uq wiajekak k 60-65 ,nd.; yels w;r"
wiajkq fk,Su jdr 6-8 l< yelsh' tla je,l idudkHfhka
lr,a 46 l muK ixLHdjla yg.kS' nKavdrfj, m%foaYfha
f.dkaf.a fCIa;%j, idudkHfhka fylaghdrhlg fu%la
fgdka 17-18 muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh' fuu m%fNaoh
u,lv" weka;%elafkdaia iy c me, l=vd wjfha je<fok
uq,a l=Kqf frda.hg Tfrd;a;= foa' c ;o o mdgh'
n,a, ia;s%lalfha uy lkakfha fkdjenr foienr

udij,;a" h, lkakfha udr;=$wfma%,a udij,;a c isgqu
lrkq ,ef'
mr;rh
mre fndax i|yd - fika gr 4010
je,a fndax i|yd - fika gr 4530
fmdfydr fhu
n,xf.dv ks,a
fika gr 14 la muK .e;s rjq" fld, meye;s lr,a yg
.kakd je,a fndax m%fNaohls' c Uqre meye;sh' jef,ys
taldldj me;s lr,a yg .kS' u,lv yd uq,a l=Kq f
frda.j,g Tfrd;a;= foa' idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg
fu%la fgdka 12 - 14 muK ,nd .; yelsh'
,xld ngr
fika gr 16 - 17 muK .lska hq;a ly meye;s" rjq lr,a
yg.kakd je,a fndax m%fNaohls' c l meye;sh' idudkH
wiajekak fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 16 muK f' uq,a l=Kq
u" weka;%elafkdaia yd u,lv frda.j,g Tfrd;a;= f
yelshdjla o fuu m%fNaoh i;=h'
foaYSh m%fNao o f.dka w;r ckms%h f'
Wod( mSia ngr" lgq.iaf;dg'
mre fndax m%fNao
fylaghdrhla i|yd my; i|yka fmdfydr m%udK ksrf oaYlr

;sf'
je,a fndax
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 3
hqhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
110
110
275
-
75
75
mre fndax
fhh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
;s%;ajiqmr hqfha
f
;ofld<" rjq" udxY," fl rys;" uOHu m%udKfha lr,a
yg.kS'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
me, u;= i;s 3
85
85
165
-
65
65
33
j.df jhi i;s 2-3 jQ g u;=msg fmdfydr fhfuka miqj

je,a fndax i|yd fldagq isgqu wjYH f'
c, imdokh
mfia f;;ukh W; whq ka mj;a j d .ekS f uka je
wia j eka k la ,nd.; yels h ' jr I dm;kh wvq g c,
imdokhl< hq ; = h ' u,a yd lr,a yg.ka k d ld,fha
fYaIfhka c, imdokh lsu jeo.;ah'
j,a me,E md,kh
wiajkq fk,Su
mre fndax k 45 lska muKo" je,a fndax k 60 lska muKo
wiajekak fk,sh yelshs' lr,a frSug l,ska wiajekak fk,d
.; hq;=hs'
wiajekak
ukd j.d md,k ;;a ; a j hgf;a mre fnda x j,s k a
fyla g hdrhlg fgdka 5-10 yd je,a fnda x j,s k a
fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10-15 l wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh'
u;=msg fmdfydr fhug m<uqj j,a urokh lrkak'
miq wiajkq lghq;=
lD md,kh
wiajkq fk,Sf lr,aj,g ydkshla fkdjk f,i l< hq;=h'

m%jdykfha fydka jd;dY%h iys; weiqrej, fndax lr,a
weisrSu jeo.;ah'
fndax ueiaid" lr,a k mKqjd yd m;% lkskakd fndax

j.djg ydks lrk m%Odk lDkah' fndax ueiaid i|yd fndax
c me, jQ miq f*dfud;sfhdaka fyda fugisiafgdlaia wjqkai 01
la j;=r .e 03 lg fhdod j.djg bish hq;=h' kej; k
10-12 lg miq lDkdYlh kej; fhuo ksrf oaY lrkq ,ef'
c ksIamdokh
lr,a k mKqjd i|yd" u,a msmSu wdrN u;a iu iqiq

lD kdYlhla fhh hq;h
= 's m;% lkskk
a df.a ydkshg iqiq lD
kdYlhla uq,a ld,fha fhosh hq;=h'
foaYh
S j c ksIm
a dokhl< yelsh' frda.j,ska f;dr me,j,ska
muKla c ,nd .; hq;=h' mre fndax fylaghdrhlska c
fgdka 01 la muKo je,a fndax fylaghdrhlska c fgdka 1
1$2 laa muKo ,nd .; yelsh' c .nvd lsrSug fmr fydka
h,d .; hq;=h'
frda. md,kh
weka;%elafkdaia" u,lv frda.h yd fndax ;% ffjria frda.
fndax j.df m%Odk frda. f'
weka;e% lafkdaia urOkh i|yd ksrf oaY;
s ,Sr kdYlhla fhu
fyda c m%;sldr lsrSu fyda isl, yelsh' u,lv frda.h
urOkh i|yd ,Sr kdYlhla fhu yd Tfrd;a;= fok m%fNao
j.d lsrSul, hq;=f'
34
rdnq
/*kqia ieghsjia
Raphanus sativus
l=,h - n%isflais
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
cmka fnda,
iq meye;s rjq w, ksmojhs' m;% lKaldj,g fn we;s
w;r ueo kdrh m%foaYfha nQj iys;h' k 45-55 wiajekak
fk,d.; yelsh' ueo yd Wvrg m%foaYj,g jvd iqiqh'
r
YS% ,xldf ishu lDIs foaY.=l l,dmj, rdnq j.dl<
yelsh' fydka c,h neihk mS't w.h 6'0 - 7'5 w;r jQ mila
j.dj i|yd jvd iqiqh'
ieliSu
fika gr 30-40 muK .eUqrg mi fmr<d fydka leg
fmdlr .kak' Wia md;a;s ilid ldnksl fmdfydr mi iu.
l<j lr.kak'
iqmeye;s ;rl= yev;s w, yg.kS' m;% fn fyda nqj iys;

iajNdjhla fyda ke;' k 45-50 wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'
my;rg m%foaY i|yd jvd iqiqh'
fuhg wu;rj fr /Ia kka fndfydag ykajkq ,nk
i,do rdnq j._ho Wvrg m%foaYj, f.dka w;r ckms%hh'
k 35 - 45 wiajkq fk,d.; yels fuu m%fNaofha weg
fnda, m%udKfha r;=meye;s w, yg.kS' msiu
S lska f;drj i,do
wdldrhg wdydrhg .; yelsh'
35
c wjYH;djh
lsh;a mKqjd
l=vd me, lmd ouhs' ksrf oaY;

s lDkdYlhla j.djg fhdokak'
j.df mi wjqiaid" ms,d wjia:dj kdYlr oukak'
mr;rh
frda. md,kh
fma,s w;r fika gr 25- 30 yd me, w;r

fika gr 10ls'
i,do rdnq i|yd fika gr 20 50 ls'
nrjdmdo frda.h
isgqu
c isgqh hq;af;a fma,s f.ah' c me, i;shla muK .;
jQ miqj je me, Wrd oukak' u,a yg .ekSu j,lajd .ekSu
i|yd Wvrg m% f oa Y j, rdnq j.d l< hq ; a f ;a
udr;= - uehs iy wf.daia;= - Tlaf;danr ld,j,h'
me,Efha jO_kh nd, f' uq, b lD;s f' fnda.h

isgqug fmr mig yqKq fhu" f.dajd" rdnq jeks fnda. tlu
bvf ks;r j.d fkdlsrSu yd j,a wn keu;s me,E bvf
jeug bv fkdu jeks ls%hd u.ska frda.h md,kh lr.;
yelsh'
wiajkq fk,Su
kshu wjia:df wiajkq fk,kak' wiajekak m%udo fk,Su
u.ska w,j, .=Kd;auh wvqf'
fmdfydr fhu
wiajekak
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 3
hqhd
;s%;ajiqmr
fmdiafma
ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla'
90
90
110
-
hqfha
T*a fmdgEIa
ls'.%E'$fyla'
65
65
cmka fnda, r -
fyla g hdrhlg fgdka 40 - 50

fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20 - 30
wiajekak ieliSu
w,j, m%udKh wkqj wiajekak fYa
% lrkak' jd;dY%h fydka
,efnk m wiqrd ne| fj<| fmd,g hjkak'
c, imdokh
uq,a k 4-5 km;d o bkamiqj iEu k 3 - 4 jrla ne.ska o
c,h imhkak'
j,a me, md,kh

tla jrla w;ska j,a .e,u m%udKj;ah' Wvrg m%foaYj, i;s
4 o fjk;a m%foaYj, i;s 2 muKo j,a .,jd oukak'
lD md,kh
m;% lk o<Uq j._ ksid oreKq ydkshla mj;sk g ksrfoaYs;
lD kdYlhla fhdokak'
m;% lkskakd
.S%ia ;ejrE ly meye;s fmd,s;ska W.=,a j.df fhu" fnda.
udrej" ydks jQ Ydl fldgia kdY lsrSu" weiv/laka fyda
ihsfrduhsiska jeks lD kdYlhla fhuo l< yelsh'
36
ler
vWlia lefrdagd
Daucus carota
l=,h - wfn,sf*
ieliSu
ler j.dj i|yd fydka u ilid .; hq ; = h '
fika gr 20-30 .eUqrg iS iEfuka fyda flfuka miq ish
q j
mi ilialr .kak' gr 1 muK m<, md;a;s ilid .ekSu
u.ska j.d kv;a;=j myiqf'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
uqyq ugf isg gr 1300 g jvd by, tfiau WIaKFjh
fikaf.a
% ' 15-18 mj;sk m%foaYj, ler fnda.h b;d fydka
j.dl, yelsh' tfia jqjo gr 1300 jvd my, yd uOHu
m%foaYj,o idr:lj j.dl< yels iuyr ler jr. ;sf'
mi
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
fgdma f ûdi 4&
fldaKdldr yevhla iys; w,h ;e,s meye;sh'
flama udrl ûdi 3 - 3 1$2&
is,skavrdldr yevhla .kakd w,h ,d ly meyehla .kS'
ler j.dj i|yd ldnksl jH nyq,j wvx.= je,s f,da

mila jvd;a fhda.H f' ieugu .,a fndrj,ska f;dr mila
u jvd;a iq iq h ' ,xldf ola k g ,efnk r;= ly
fmdfid,sla miaj, ler fydka j.dl, yelsh'
ks l=frdavd ûdi 3 - 3 1$2&

is,skavrdldr yevhla we;s w," ;o ;e,s meyehla .kS'
oekg f.dka w;r jvd;a ckms%h jkafka ks l=frdavd
jr.hhs' fuu jr.h Wvrg fukau my;rg m%foaYj,o j.d
lsrSug yelshdj ;sf'
37
c wjYH;djh
c, imdokh
c lsf,da .%E 4 la muK fylaghdr tlla j.d lsrSug

wjYHf'
ler me,j, uq,a moaO;sh wjg uekka f;;ukh mj;ajd

.ekSug m%udKj;ajk c, iemhqula l, hq;=h' ksh;
m%udKhg jvd c,h wvq jqjfyd;a wiajekak wvq f'
isgqf ld,h
ler c tljru md;a;sj, jemsh hq;=h' fuu j.dj h,
iy uy lkak foflysu isl, yelsh' tfia jqjo c, iemhqu
iy wfkl=;a myiql wkqj uy lkakfha je jYfhka
j.df'
j,a me,e md,kh

w;ska j,a fk,Su fyda j,akdYl Nd;d lsrSfuka fyda j,a me,
md,khl, yels h ' u;= m s g fmdfydr fhug l,s k a j,a
fk,Sul, hq;=h'
j,akdYl f,i fu%hqiska ^fikalr& fylaghdrhlg lsf,da
.%E 0'35 c me,ug m%:ufhka muKla fhul< yelsh'
Y% j.djl j,akdYl Nd;d lsrSu fkdl, hq;=h'
mr;rh
ler c fCI;%fha jemsrSu l%u 2 lg is f'
l
md;a;sj, iqrejd yerSu'
frda. yd m<sfndaO md,kh
fma,s l%uhg biSu' ^fika gr 25 fika gr 5&'
ler m;% wx.udrh iy nelahd uD l=K

q u idudkHfhka
je<f|k frda. f' ;U Y% ,Sr kdYlhla fhfuka wx.udrh
j,ld.; yelsh' jemqr c,h iemhSfuka je,lS isfuka
nelahd l=K
q u j,ld.; yel' fkdfhla o<Uq j._" uhsgdjka"
l=;a;ka" fhka jeks lD ydks ksrf oaY;
s lDkdYl fhfuka
md,kh l, yelsh'
c me, i;s 3-4 lska me, ;=kS lsrSu wjYHjk w;r" i;s 8
ksh; mr;rhg isk fia me, ;=kSl, hq;=h' fma,s l%uhg
c jemsrSu u.ska me, ;=kS lsrSu yd j.dj kv;a;= lsu
myiqf'
fmdfydr fhu
wiajkq fk,Su
fylaghdrhlg fhh hq;= ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh my;

olajd ;sf'
g wu;rj md;a ; s ilid .ka k d wjia : df ldnks l
fmdfydr ^f.du fmdfydr fyda fldfmdaia& fgdka 5 - 10 la
muK fylaghdrhla i|yd fhdokak'
ler w,j, by, fldgi fika gr 2'5 - 5'3 muK Yd,

jQ miq fk,d.; yelsh' ler w,hg ydks fkdjk wdldrfhka
.,jd.; hq;=h'
wiajekak
b;d fydka kv;a;=l, j.djlska fylaghdrhlg fu%la
fgdka 30-35 jvd je wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 2
i;s 5
i;s 8
hqhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

110
110
110
275
85
85
85
miq wiajkq lghq;=

ler w, .e,fuka miqj fydka msisl, hq;=h' msis
c,fhka fidaod fj<|m, fj; heh hq;h
= ' nelahd fYaI
w,j, / isfuka l=Kqu ish yels ksid ie,ls,su;a h
hq;=h'
38
rE
gd jq,a.dia
Beta vulgaris
l=,h - lSfkdfmdafhais
c wjYH;djh
fuh YS ; yd WIa K foa Y .= l ;;a j folgu fydka
wkqjr;kh jQ fnda.hls' tksid YS% ,xldf ishu lDIs
foaY.=l l,dmj,g wh;a m%foaYhkays idr:lj j.dl<
yelsh'
mi
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 5 - 6
;jdka ieliSu yd kv;a;=j

fydka ysret<sh ,efnk c,h rd fkdmj;sk ia:dkhla f
i|yd f;dard.kak'
fydka c,h neihk ldnks l jH wvx.= mia j ,

idr : lj j.dl< yels h ' mfiys ;s h hq ; = mS ' t'
w.h 6'3 - 7'3 f'
u fmr<d grhla m<, yd fika gr 20 muK Wi md;a;s

ilid .kak' fuu md;a;sj,g fydka rdm;a jQ ldnksl
fmdfydr oud mi iu Y% lrkak'
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
c isgqug fmr ;jdka md;a;s jdkqyrKhlr .kak'

oyhshd yd msre ;gq lsysmhla md;a;s u; oud fika
ms < s i a i S h dug ie,iS u " ,S r kdYl fhu fyda ;o ys r e
/ia mj;sk ld,hl kso fmfkk fmd,s;skhlska ;jdk
wdjrKhlr i;s 2 muK ;eu u.ska fuh bgqlr .; yelsh'
ls%sikaa .af,da
k 70 - 90 wiajkq fk,d.; yelsh' w,h ndysrj r;=
o meye;sjk w;r" we;=,;ska ;o r;= o meye;s f' w,fha
ueo fldgi ,d r;= mdg f'
fvfrdhs vdla fr
fika gr 10 mr;rh iys; fma,s f.a c isgqjkak'

i;s 4 - 6 muK jhie;s yd w,h ;rula jO_kh we;s me,
isgqu i|yd fhdod .efka'
k 70 - 90 .;jk fuu m%fNaofha w,fha meyeho ls%ika

.af,dj,g iudkh'
fuhg wu;rj fCIa;%fha ilid.;a md;a;sj, tljru c

isgquol< yelsh'
39
ieliSu
c, imdokh
j.d lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk bvf fika gr 20-30

.eUqrg mi fmr<d grhla muK m<, yd fika gr 20
muK Wi md;a;s ilid .kak' fydka rdm;a jQ ldnksl
fmdfydr fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 muK oud mig l<j
lrkak'
mfiys f;;ukh ie,ls,a,g .ksska k 3 - 4 jrla ne.ska

c,h imhkak'
j,a me,E md,kh

j.df me, isgqjd i;s 2 m<uqjrg j,a me, .,jd oukak'
bkamiq u;=msg fmdfydr fhug fmr" tk i;s 4 muK
kej; jrla j.df j,a me, bj;a lrkak'
me, isgqu
me, isg
q ug k 2 muK fmr uQ,l
s fmdfydr jYfhka fhh
hq;= ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh md;a;sj,g fhdod fydka
l<j lrkak'
isg
q ug iqiq wjia:djg m;ajQ me, m%fYfuka .,jd tajdfha
m;%j, fl<jr m%foaYfhka lmd oukak' bkamiq uqka uq,o
;rula lmd oud md;a;sj, isgqjd c,h imhkak'
mr;rh
lD md,kh
lsh;a mKqjd
me, mduq, m%foaYfhka lmd oud kdY lrhs' oreKq ydkshla
mj;s k g ldfnd*s h q r dka " tfgdf*ka f m% d la i a "
laf,dafrdmhsfmdia fyda fm%d;sfhdfmdia jeks lDkdYlhla
me,j,g fhdokak'
hu,kalEu
h<s l,dmfha
fma,s w;r - fika gr 30
me, w;r - fika gr 10
c me,j, jhi i;s 2 muK jkf;la je<f|k frda.hls'

frda. ldrl ,Srh uqkauq,g yd cdOrhg ydks lsrSu ksid
l=vd me, ue, uerShhs' f i|yd ;srd" lemagdka jeks ,Sr
kdYlhla ;jdkg fhdokak'
Wvrg m%foaYj,
fma,s w;r - fika gr 30
me, w;r - fika gr 15
wiajekak fk,Su
fmdfydr fhu
me, isgqjd k 75 - 90 wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'
c me, i;s 2 muK .; jQ miqj ;jdfkys j._ gr 5

muK m%foaYhlg hQhd iy hqfha T*a fmdgEIa fmdfydr
.%E 5 ne.ska fhdokak'
wiajekak
fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 12 - 15 ls'
ldnksl fmdfydr fhug wu;rj j.djg my; i|yka

wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydro fhug lghq;= lrkak'
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

wiajekak ieliSu
w, .e,fuka miqj wjYH;djh u; frE m;% muKla
bj;alr fyda m;% imQrKfhkau lmd oud fyda
fj<|fmd,g bm;aflfr'
fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk fia ,Kq f.daks jeks weiqrej,
oud fj<|fmd,g bm;al< hq;=h'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
165
isgqjd i;s 4lg miq 165
275
-
125
125
40
,Slaia
we,sh wefmf,dam%i l,ajdr fmdar
Allium ampeloprasum cv porrum

l=,h - we,sfhaiS
,Slaia wh;a jkafka EKq wh;ajk we,sfhaiS l=,hguh' kuq;a

fuu fnda.fha m%Odk fjki jkafka tys n,an fkdiEuhs' wm
rf O wdldrhg ,Slaia wdydrhg .kakd ksid th yeu
gu fj<|fmdf,ys ie,lsh hq;= <lg wf, f' flfia
jq j o EKq j._ j , < iEfyk by< ugul mj;s k
wjia:dj," EKq i|yd wdfoaYlhla f,io ,Sli
a a Nd;d lsru
S
Y%S ,dxlslhka w;r ckm%sh mqreoaola ;sf'
foaY.=l wjYH;d
,Sli
a a j.dj i|yd jvd iqiq jkafka wm rf Wvrg m%foaYhhs'
Wvrg f;;a l<dmhg yd w;r ueo l<dmhg wh;a kqjrt<sh
yd n,a, ia;s%lalj, mj;sk isis,a ld,.==l ;;aj hgf;a
fuu fnda.h fydka jO_kh f'
mi
ldnksl jH nyq,j wvx.=jk idrj;a mia fnda.h i|yd
jvd iqiqh' mfiys ;sh hq;= fhda.H;u mS't' w.h 5'0 - 6'0
f'
kssrfoaYs; m%fNao
,d f,dax.a iur
fuu m%fNaofha m;% mgqh' .=h' iDcqj msysgd we;' ;o ks,a fld< meye;sh' l|" ,d fld<-iq meye;sh'
c wjYH;djh
fuu md;a;sj,g" fydka rdm;ajQ f.du fmdfydr ie,lsh

hq;= m%udKhlao ;s%;aj iqmr fmdiafma iaj,amhlao ne.ska
oud mi iu l<j lrkak'
mfiys mS't' w.h 5 g jvd wvq jQ g ksrfoaYs; wkaoug
mig yqKq fhdokak' Wod( mS't' w.h 4'9 jk g w yqKq
lsf,da .%E 1200 fylaghdrhg fhh hq;=h' yqKq fhul<
hq;af;a c jemsrSug i;s 03 lg muK fmrh'
;jdka oeh hq;= ld,h
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%E 3'75 ls'
;jdka md,kh
u fmr<d b;d fydka is h q j mi ilid .ka k '
fylaghdrhla i|yd gr 3 la ." grhla m<, yd fika
gr 20 muK Wi md;a;s 200-225 wjYH f'
Wvrg f;;aa l<dmh - jir mqrdu
Wvrg w;r ueo l<dmh - Tlaf;danr fkdjenr'
ish
q u;= msgla iskfia ilid.;a ;jdka md;a;j
s , tlsfklg
fika gr 15 mr;rhlska jQ fma,s f.a c oeu fyda
jemsru
S l< yelsh' c oefuka miq ;=kS mia ;gqjlska jikak'
41
;jdkg wjYHjk m f;;ukh ,nd foka k ' ;jdka

me,j,g Woh mdkaoka m;%j, ms fia hk m c,h
imhkak' ;jdfka j,a me, yd lD frda. wdh md,khlr
.ekSu flfryso ie<ls,su;a jkak' me, l=vd wjfha lsh;a
mKq ydksh j<ld .ekSu i|yd ldfnd*shqrdka iaj,amh ne.ska
md;a;sj,g fhh yelsh' ,Slaia me, l=vd ld,fha je
wjOdkhlska hq;j
= /l n,d.; hq;h
= ' isg
q ug iqiq ;;ajfha
we;s mekai,la muK l| uy;ajQ me, ;jdfkka ,nd .ekSu
i|yd udi 2 1$2 - 3 muK ld,hla .; f'
fCIa;%h ms<sfh, lsrSu

fika gr 30 - 40 .eUqrg mi fmr<d fydka leg fmdlr
.kak' fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 - 20 muK" rdm;ajQ ldnksl
jH mig fhdokak' mfiys mS't w.h 5 jvd wvq k
ksrfoaYs; m wjYHjk w yqKq m%udKh mig fhdokak'
gr 1'2 muK m<, gr 3 muK . md;a;s ilid .kak'
fujeks md;a;s 2750 muK ixLHdjla fylaghdrhl j.djla
i|yd wjYH f'
me, isgqu yd mr;rh

;jdfkys kshu m%udKhlg je we;s ksfrda.S me,
m%fYfuka .,jkak' tlS me,j, m;% yd uq,a fl<jka
uola lmd oud isgqjkak
c, imdokh
me, isgqjd k 4 muK .;jk f;la km;d j.djg c,h
imhkak' bkamiq wjYH;djh u; k 3 - 4 jrla ne.sska c,h
imhkak'
Y% j.djla f,i
kqjrt<sh m%foaYfha fndfyda f.dka iska ,Sli
a a j.d lrkafka
tlu md;a;fs hys " ler" i,do jeks fnda. iu Y% j.djla
f,ih' ,Slaia j.dfjka wiajekak ,nd .ekSug udi 4 1$2 - 6
muK .;jk ksid fuu.ska je wdodhula fukau N+fhka
je M,odhS;djhlao ,nd .ekSug Tjqkg yels ;sf'
lD md,kh
uE;l kqjrt<sh m%foaYhg Yd, ;rckhlajQ ,sfhduhsid
yQfvdfn%kaisia keu;s m;% lkakdf.a ydksh ksid ,Slaia
j.djkag Yd, ;rckhla we;s ;sf'
wef,k iq jhla ;ejrE ly meye;s fmd,s;Ska W.=,a fhu"
frda.S Ydl fldgia kdY lsrSu yd fnda. udrej u.skao
ksrfoaYs; lD kdYlhla fhfukao fuu ydksh md,kh
lr.; yelsh'
frda. md,kh
fma,s w;r fika gr 15 iy fma,shl me, w;r fika

gr 10 jkfia tla ia:dkhl tl me,h ne.ska isgqjkak'
o meye mq,a,s frda.h
fmdfydr fhu
frE m;%j, o - Uqre meye;s me,a, yg .kS' isgqug

fmr c m%;sldr lsrSu" fnda. udrej yd ksrfoaYs; ,Sr
kdYlhla fhfuka frda.h md,kh lr.; yelsh'
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 4
i;s 8
i;s 12
i;s 16
hqhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

85
85
85
85
85
275
-
50
50
50
wiajkq fk,Su
isgqjd udi 4 1$2 muK wiajkq fk,Su wdrNl< yelsh'
.iaj, lf|ys m%udKh wkqj fYa
% lr fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk
m ,Kq mere jeks jHhlska wdjrKhlr ne|
fj<|fmd,g hjkak'
wiajekak
fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 19 - 24 ls'
j,a me,E md,kh

i;s 2 md;a;sj, je we;s j,a me, m<uq jrg .,jd oukak'
bkamiq iEu fmdfydr fhulgu fmr o j,a me, bj;a
lrkak' fmdfydr fhdok iEu wjia:djlgu miqj .ia wi,g
mia tl;= lrkak' fuu.ska ,Slaia Ydlfha oKav iDcqj iy iq
meye;sj ;nd .ekSugo bv ,ef'
42
ud ia
lemaisl wkakq
Capsicum annuum
l=,h - fid,fkais
foaY.=l wjYH;d
YS% ,xldf ishu foaY.=l l,dmj,u mdfya j.dl< yels
fnda.hls' uqyq ugf isg gr 1500 muK olajdjQ Wia
m%foaYhkays jir uq,af,au ud ia j.dl, yel' h,
lkakfha fnda.h jjk g w;sfrl c, imdokhl, hq;h
= '
mi
ia i|yd fydka c,h nei hk" .eUqre idrj;a f,da mila
wjYHf' wjYH ;r ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka ieye,a
jhkhlska hq;a miaj,o fnda.fhka idr:l wiajekakla
,nd.; yelsh' mfiys mS't' w.h 5'5 - 6'8 w;r h hq;=h'
ieliSu
N+h fika gr 15-20 la olajd iSiEfuka wk;=rej fojrla
leg fmd lsrSfuka miq md;a;s ilialr .kak' fnda.h i|yd
idr:l c,jykhla mfiys mej;Su w;HdjYH f'
43
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
ykaf.ahka fhf,da jelaia (H.Y.W)
ly meye;s lr,aj, ,sfik iq mDIaGhla we;' . fika
gr 15-20 muK f' lr,aj, yevh fla;= wdldr f'
fuu jr.h my; rg iy ueo rg f;;a l,dm i|yd kqiqiq
jkafka nelahd ysgu
q erSug olajk wl ixf;djh ksidh'
iS'ta - 8
,d fld, meye;s lrf,ys /,s iys; ,sfik iq mDIaGhla
we;' lrf,a w." w,s fyd~la fuka we;=,g ke we;' .
fika gr 15 - 20 la muK f' lr, wl yevh orhs'
c wjYH;djh
C.A - 8 - fylaghdrhlg .%E 100
g wu;rj hu,ka lEu iy weka;e% lafkdaia jeks ,Sr frda.

urokhlr .ekSu i|yd ;jdka oeug fmr lemagdka fyda
;srd jeks ,Sr kdYlhla fhdod c m%;sldrlr .kak'
ilia lr.;a md;a;j
s , j,a urokh iy fmdfydr fhu jeks
lghq;= myiq jkfia fika gr 10-15 mr;rhls;a fma,sh
f.a fika gr 01 muK .eUqrg c oud ishq mia
;gqjlska jikak' msis msre jeks jHhla Nd;dlr ;jdka
jiqka lrkak'
c ;jdkalr k 05-06 lska jiqk bj;a lrkak' c oud k
08-10 la .;jk g ishu c me, wjika f' ,m me,
jrIdfjka iy ;o ysre t<sfhka wdrCIdlr .ekSu i|yd
kso fkdfmfkk fmd,s;k
s a fyda fmd,a w;=j,ska wdjrKhlr
.kak'
fCIa;f% ha isg
q ug fmr me, oe lr.; hq;= fyhska fCIa;f% ha
isgqug k 10lg muK fmr me,j,g c,h imhkq ,nk
ld,dka;rh jelr wdjrKh bj;a lrkak'
H.Y.W - fylaghdrhlg .%E 1750
me, isgqf ld,h

uy lkakh
- fkdjenr iy foienr
h, lkakh
- wfma%,a iy uehs
;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu

;jdka i|yd fydka c,h neihk fijk fkdue;s ia:dkhla
f;dard .kak'
mr;rh
k 21 muK jhia jQ me," fCIa;%fha isgqug iqiq f'
H.Y.W - fika gr 15 fika gr 30
C.A 8 - fika gr 40 fika gr 40
fmdfydr fhu
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
ls'.%E'$fyla'
me, fCIa;f% ha isg

q ug uilg fmr ;jdfkys c oukak gr
3 fika gr 90 m%udKfha md;a;s ilikak' fuu md;a;s
fika gr 15 muK Wiah hq;=h'
;jdka md;a;sfhys j._ grhlg fydka rdm;ajQ ldnksl
fmdfydr lsf,da .%E 3-4 ne.ska fhdod mi iu l<j lrkak'
;jdfka me,j,g je,h yels frda. md,kh lsrSu i|yd
c ;jdka lsrSug fmr ;jdka md;a;s jdkqyrKh l,hq;=h'
f i|yd md;a;s u; msre iy oyhshd ;gq lsysmhla w;=rd
fydka mqiaid .kak' fuys frda.ldrl ka yd j,a me,
c kdY hhs'
kso fmfkk ;rula >kl fmd,s;k
s hla u.ska ;jdka md;a;s
jid i;s folla muK ysre /iaj,g ksrdjrKhlr ;o mi
;nd .ekSu u.skao" lemagdka fyda ;srd jeks ,Sr kdYlhla
fhu u.skao frda. md,khlr .; yelsh'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 4
100
100
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

220
-
65
65
c, imdokh
k 4-5 lg jrla uq,a ld,fha o" bkamiq i;shlg muK
jrla j k mo c, imdokhl, hq ; = h ' flfia jq j o
jrIdm;kfha jHdma;sh wkqj c, imdok lghq;= fjkia
f' fmdfydr fhug m<uq yd miq c,imdokh wksjdrh
f'
mqIam msmSf yd M, yg .ekSf fnda.hg we;sjk c,
W!K;djh ksid mqIam iy lr,a je hdug fya;=f' tu ksid
ta wjia:df m%udKj;a mdxY= f;;ukhla mj;ajd .ekSu
jeo.;ah'
44
j,a me,E md,kh
wiajekak
isgqjd i;s 2 ka miq .ia uq,aj,g mia tl;= lrka w;ska j,a
urOkh lrkak' f u.ska Ydlh fydka mfia ixia:dmkh
f' i;s 2"4 iy 8 ld,fha j,a fk,Sul, hq;=h' ridhksl
jH Nd;d lrkafka k isgqjd k follg miq we,laaf,dar
45] lsf,da .%E 1'4-2'4 fylaghdrhlg fhh yel'
isgqjd k 75 l muK m<uq wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh'

H.Y.W ^wiajkq jdr 3-4&
fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 10-15
C.A - 8 f;;a l,dmfha ^wiajkq jdr 8-10&
frda. md,kh
hu,ka lEu
h<s l,dmfha ^wiajkq jdr 8-12&

me,j, mdoia:h fyda uq,a lmeye l=Kq me, uefr'
wiajkq fk,Su
md,kh
,Sr kdYl fhu" fydka ;jdka md,kh yd c,jykh
fydka islsrSu '
lr,a u; ms fkdue;s" h,s khla wiajkq fk,Su i|yd

fhda.H f' jrIdj iys; khkays wiajkq fk,Sfuka yels
muK j,lskak'
miq wiajkq lghq;=
lr,aj,g je,f|a' lrf,a Uqre mq,a,s we;s f' mqIamjDka;"

mqIam wxl=r yd ls,s rjrK f' frda.h Ydlh mqrd me;srS
miqj ue hhs'
wia j eka k fk,d .;a miq yels bla u ks k a m% j dykh iy

wf,hl, hq;h
= 's fuys fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk isre iys;
Wr fyda ma,diala fm Nd;dl, yelsf'
md,kh
frda.S Ydl fldgia fCIa;%fhka bj;alr ,Sr kdYlhla
fhdokak'
ysgquerSu
CIlj .ia ue,f' uq , a yd mdoia : fldgia l= k q f '
fnda. udrej yd c,jykh hqKq lsrSu u.ska fuh j,ld.;
yelsh'
fld, fldvu
iqueiaid" l=;a;ka" uhsgdjka" u.ska fuu frda.h fndajk ksid
Tjqka md,kh iqiq lDkdYlhla u.ska isl, hq;=h'
m;% ,m
weka;%elafkdaia wdldrhgu md,kh l, yel'
ms mqia frda.h
k 7 lg fyda 14 lg jrla ,Sr kdYlhla fhdokak'
m%jdykhg fmr bug wdikak lr,a fjka lsrSfuka frE

lr,aj, bu m%udol, yels f' YS; .nvd ;=, ;ekam;a lsru
S
idr:lj l,a ;nd .ekSf l%uhls'
45
f.dajd
n%isld Tf,rdishd
Brassica oleracea
l=,h - n%isflaiS
foaY.=l wjYH;d
YS; foaY.=Khg f.dajd fnda.h jvd;a fydka Tfrd;a;= fok
w;r" h<s l,dmfhao j.dl, yelsh' kuq;a O lDIs
mdil l,dmj,g ksrfoaYs; m%fNao j.dl< hq;= f'
mi
ieliSu
mS't' w.h 6 - 6'5 jk mi j.dj i|yd b;du;a iqiqh' wd,sl

nj je jQ g f.dajd nrjd frda.hg md;%f bvlv je
f' ldnks l jH wvx.= idrj;a mila j.dj i|yd
f;dard.kak'
fika gr 30 - 40 .eUqrg mi fmr,d fydka ilia

lrkak' wd,sl mila k fylaghdrhlg fgdka 2 la muK
wyqKq fhh hq;=h'
46
ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
Wvrg f;;a l,dmh
u;=msg mia
tlafidala
fld, meye;s f.h idudkH ;o .;sfhka hq;a me;,s rjq
yevfhka hqla; f' k 80 - 85 wiajekak fk,d.; yel'
yrlshq,ia
fi'' 6-8
fld,mdg f.dfrdaiq m;%j,ska hq;a b;du;a ;o iajNdjhla iys;

rjq f. f' k 100 - 105 wiajekak fk,d.; yelsh'
ueorg
tlafidala
f.h fld, meye idudkH ;o .;sfhka hq;a me;,s isg rjq
yevfhka hqla; f'
ta'tia'fl%dia
k 85 - 90 wiajekak fk,d.; yels uOHia: ;o .;sfhka
hqla; me;,s f. f'
fla'jhs' fl%dia
k 85 - 90 wiajekak fk,d.; yels uOHia: ;o .;sfhka
hqla; rjq f. f'
c wjYH;djh
fma,s w;r mr;rh fi'' 10 jkfiao .eUqr fika gr 1 g

fkdje jkfiao fma,sj,g c oukak' jdkqyrKh lrk
,o miaj,ska c jid jiqkla fhdokak'
k 4-5 c me,jQ .i jiqk bj;alr km;d fojrla
ne.ska c,h fhdokak'
wdjrKhla fhdod ;o jeiafika iy i;=kaf.ka ,m me,
wdrCIdlr .kak' me, isgqug k 10 lg muK fmr isg
me, oe lr.kak' f i|yd iQrhdf,dalhg me, ksrdjrKh
lrkq ,nk ld,h l%ufhka je lrkak' c .%E 1 lska me,
250 muK ,nd .; yelsh'
me, isgqu
i;s 3-4 muK jhie;s ksfrda.s u;a me, .,jd ijia
ld,fha isg
q u b;du;a jeo.;ah' me, isgj
q d klg fojrla
c,h fhdokak'
fylaghdrhlg .%E 200 - 250 ls'
mr;rh
;jdka ms<sfh, lsu
fma,s w;r fika gr 50 iy fma,sh ;=, fika gr 40 l

mr;rhlska me, isgqjkak'
ksfrda.S u;a me, ,nd .ekSu i|yd ;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu

jeo.;a f' f i|yd iqiq ia:dkhla ^c, myiqj ;sfnk" ks;r
mrSCIdldrS h yels" ysret<sh jefgk" fmr f.dajd l=,fha
fnda.hla j.d fkdl, bvula u& f;dard.; hq;=f' wd,sl
mila fkdjk ula uo b;du;a jeo.;ah'
gr 13 m%udKfha md;a;shl Wi fika gr 12 - 15 h
hq;=h'
fldfmdaia yd u;=msg mia 1 ( 1 jkfia ms<sfh,l, mia
Y%Khla" ;jdk u;=msgg fika gr 6 - 8 muK oukak'
hu,kalEu yd ydkslr frda.ldrl ka kdY lsrSu i|yd
fmdafudfid,af*df ^;srd& ;jdka md;a;sj,g fhdokak'
fmdfydr fhu
l
wd,sl mila k me, isgqug k 14 lg fmr

wyqkq fhdokak'
me, isgqulg i;shlg muK fmr l=l=,a fmdfydr

fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10 jkfia j,j,aj,g oud" mia
iu. fydka Y% lrkak'
me, isgqug k 2 muK fmr uQ,sl fmdfydr jYfhka

ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr Y%Kh fhdokak'
47
kqjrt<sh ia;s%lalh i|yd

fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
ls'.%E'$fyla'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 2
i;s 5
i;s 8
110
110
110
nrjd frda.h
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

275
-
75
75
-
mfiys wd,slnj je ia:dkj, fuu frda.h ksid j.djg

oreKq ydks we;sh yelsh' ma,eiafudf*rd n%eisfla k
,Srfhka iEfok fuu frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd ksh;
j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu" YIH udre l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu
jeo.;ah'
m;% mq,a,s frda.h

uhsfldiamfr,a,d n%eisfldaa,d k ,Srfhka je,f|k fuu
frda.h urokhg fgnqfldkfida,a ^fmd,slr& ,s ,Sgr 0'35
c,h ,Sgr 1 l hlr fhh hq;=f'
n,a, yd fiiq m%foaY i|yd
lD md,kh
fhosh hq;=
ld,h
hqhd
;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E'$fyla' ls'.%E$fyla'
uQ,sl fmdfydr
i;s 3
i;s 6
110
110
110
275
-
75
75
c, imdokh
me, isgjQ uq,a kj," klg fojrla ne.ska c,h fhdokak'
bkamiq klg tla jrla c,h iemhSu iEfya' tfy;a j.djg
udi 1 1$2 muK jQ wjia:df isg ^f. yg.ekSu iy Yd,jk
wjia:df & m%udKj;a c, iemhqula ,ndug j.n,d .kak'
j,a me,E md,kh

j,a urokh ms<n
s |j fYaIfhka ie,ls,u
s ;a h hq;h
= ' u;=mg
s
fmdfydr fhug fmr j,ame, bj;a lrkak'
frda. md,kh
lsh;a mKqjd
me, l=vd ld,fha fuu ydksh we;sjk neka me, isgjQ
.iska fm%df*fkdfmdia 50] ^fi,sfl%dka& ,s ,Sgr 25-28 c,h
,Sgr 10 l Y%lr fhu iqiq f'
mr o,Uqjd" huka;s i,nhd" fld, lk
o,Uqjd iy f. k o,Uqjd
ur o kh i|yd tf;df*ka f m% d la i a 10] ^g% f nda k a & "
laf,dar*ajiqfrdaka ^wegfn%daka& ksrfoaYs; m%udKh fhh
hq;=f'
wiajkq fk,Su
m% f NA o h wkq j wia j kq fk,S f ld,h fjkia f'
^k 90 - 110 w;r& m%udKhg jvd frSu ksid f. mqmqrk
neka wiajkq fk,Sug iqiq ;;a;ajhg m;a jQ g fk,d.;
hq;=f'
Wfoa jref wiajkq fk,sh hq;= w;r" ;o ysre t<sh we;sg
wiajkq fk,su kqiqiqh' f.hg ydks fkdjk fia msg;ska
wdjrK m;% 2-3 iu. m%fYfuka fk,d .kak'
hu,kalEu
wiajekak
;jdka oeug fmr ,Sr kdYlhla fhu' l%udkql+, wkaoug

j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu'
idudkH wiajekak fylaghdrhlg fu%la fgdka 40 muK f'

wiajekak ieliSu
hmqia frda.h
ffldar keu;s ,Sr kdYlh ksrfoaYs; m%udKhg fhdokak'
l l=kqu
wiajekak fk miq m jQ f. bj;a lrkak' ukd jd;dY%hla

,efnk f.daks j, f.dajd weisrSul< hq;=f' fuh b;d
jeo.;ah' yels blaukska fj<|m, fj;g wiajekak hjkak'
fuu.ska miqjg isjk wiajkq ydksh j,lajd.; yelsh'
iekaf;dfudkdia lfmia%ia k nelahdj u.ska je,f|k

fuu frda.h j,lajd .ekSu i|yd ksh; j.dl%u yd YIH
udre l%u wkq.ukh lsrSu iqiqh'
48
t<j ;jdka md,kh

b;d l=vd c iys; fndfyda t<j fnda. j.d lsf" m<uqj
;jdkl tu c j.dlr miqj fCIa;%fha isgqu i|yd fhda.H
wkaof me, ksmojd .kq ,ef' f wkaoug ;jdka ilid
j.d fuys isgqug iqiq wdldrfha me, ksmojd .kq ,nk
fnda. jkafka ngq" ia" ud ia" ;lald,s" f.dajd" u,a f.dajd"
,Slaia" " fkdaflda,a" i,do wdhhs' ler c o b;d l=vd
jQj;a" f wkaoug ;jdka ilialr me, ksmojd .ekSula is
fkdf' ler c ;jdkalr me, .,jd fCIa;%fha isgqu
l,fyd;a uqka uq,g ydks we;s ler w, lD;s fj<|
w.h wvqu fuhg fya;=jhs' fuhg wu;rj" fYaI fya;+ka
u; Yd, c iys; t<j fnda. i|yd o fYaI ;jdka l%u
Wmfhda.Slr me, ksmojd.; yelsh'
l=vd ld,fha myiqfjka me, /ln,d .; yelsu" Yla;su;a
yd ksfrda.S me, je ixLHdjla ksmojd .; yelsu iy" bvf
tljr c isgqu i|yd wjYHjk c m%udKhg jvd wvq
c m%udKhlska wjYH me, ixLHdj ksmojd .; yelsu wd
lreKq" c ;jdkalr me, ksmojd .ekSf m%Odk jdis jYfhka
ie,lsh yelsh'
msys fuys ilikq ,nk ;jdka

iqiq ula f;dard .ekSu
isgqu i|yd iqiq ksfrda.S yd u;a me, je ixLHdjla
ksmojd .ekSu flfrys n,mdk idOl w;=ka m<uqjekak
jYfhka ;jdka oeu i|yd iqiq ia:dkhla f;dard.ekSu
ie,lsh yelsh'
fkdlvjd t<j j._ j.dlrk ,o ula ;jdk i|yd
lsi
s fgl;a f;dard fkd.; hq;h
= ' tfiau" tu ia:dkhg ojfia
je ld,hla fkdlvjd ysret<sh ,eu;a" tys wkjYH wkaoug
c,h r|d fkdmej;Su;a fnfyka jeo.;ah' fuhg wu;rj
mfiys .,a" fndr wdh wvqfjka mej;Suo jeo.;a f'
wmyiqjlska f;drj c,h ,nd .ekSug yels ia:dkhl ;jdk
ieliSuo l< hq;=h' md,kh lsug wmyiq bla" wegjrd"
l,dre jeks lrorld j,a me,E tu ia:dkfhys fkdmej;Su
o jeo.;ah'
;jdka u ieliSu
m%Odk t<j ;jdka jr.

t,j me, ksmoug fhdod .; yels ;jdka jr. lsysmhla
we;' tfy;a tajd ilia lrk wdldrh mok lrf.k m%Odk
ldKav 2 lg fnod j._l, yel'
^w&
msys fuysu ilia lrkq ,nk ;jdka

Wod( Wia ;jdka" .s,ajQ ;jdka
;jdka Y%Khla fhdod .kska ilia

lrkq ,nk ;jdka
Wod( fkdfodaflda ^l=& ;jdk" nka ;jdk" fm
;jdk" ;jdka ;e iy wmf;a hk jH ^fhda. fldamam"
fmd,algq" ka jeks& j,ska ilia lrk ;jdka'
c ;jdka lsug i;s 3-4 lg muK fmr isg ;jdk ilia

lsug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ia:dkfhys j,a me,E wdh
bj;alr fika gr 20 muKj;a .eUqrlg mi fmr<sh
hq;=h' f wkaoug mi fmr<Sf u;=jk .,a" fndr wdh
bj;a lrkak' thg wu;rj mia fmr,Sf yuqjk fkdrE
Ydl fldgia" fmd,s;k
S a jeks foa bj;a lsug Wkkajkak' ;jo"
mia fmr,Su;a iu mfika u;=jk lsh;a mKqjka yd iq
mKqjka jeks wys;lr mdxY= lDka o f;dard bj;a lrkak'
^wd&
m<uq mia fmr<Sug i;shlg muK miq fojk jrgo tu

ia:dkfhys mi fmr<d mi f;;al< hq;=h' f wkaoug lsysm
jrla mi fmr<Sfuka tu ia:dkfhys u;=jk j,a me,E kdY
f' fuhg wu;rj h mi ysret<shg ksrdjrkh fuka
mfiys ish yels frda.ldrl ka o md,kh f'
oekg t,j j.dlrejka nyq, f,iu fhdod.kq ,nkafka Wia

;jdkajk w;r nka ;jdka" fkdfodflda ;jdka jeks ;jdka
l%u Wvrg m%foaYfha iuyrla j.d lrejka w;r ckms%h
fjka mj;S' y;d.dr ;dCIKh;a iuu ykajd fokq ,enQ
;jdka l%uhla f,iska ;jdka ;e ykajd h yel'
49
Wia ;jdka u.ska t,j me,

ksmou
Wia ;jdfka m;shka
;jdka md;a;s jdkqyrKh

ilialr .;a Wia ;jdkg c fhug fmr tys we;s mdxY=
frda.ldrlhska wjulr .ekSu i|yd ;jdk jdkqyrKh
l<hq;= f' f i|yd fhdod .; yels l%u lsysmhla we;'
jeis je ld,j, yd ue je mia iys; m%foaYj, fhdod

.ekSug iqiq ;jdka l%uhls' tfia jQj;a jeis wvq ld,j, yd
fjk;a mdxY= ,CIK iys; m%foaYj, mjd fuh fhdod .ekSug
yelsu u; fuu ;jdka l%uh jhsk mqrd isk t,j
j.dlrejka w;r ckms%h we;'
^w& ms<siaiSu
^wd& iQrhdf,dalh wdOdrfhka jdkqyrKh
^we& ridhksl jdkqyrKh
^wE& OQudlrKh
90 fi''
^w&
300 fi''
ms<siaiSu
ilialr .;a ;jdkg c,h tl;=lr f;;a lr.kak' jemqr

we;s c,h neihdug mehl muK f,djla ;efuka miq th
ms,siaiSug fhdod.; yel'
5 fi''
10 fi''
;jdka f
mia
msre yd oyhshd ;gq f,i w;=rd ;jdk ilialr .kak'

bkamiq iq<x yuk idjg reoaO idfjka hka we;s msre
;gqjg .sks we,Sul< hq;=h'
md,k lghq;j
= , myiqj Wfoid Wia ;jdfka m<, fika gr
90 fkdblaujk f,i ilial, hq;= f' wjYHjk m%udKhg
. fjkialr ;jdk ilialr .; yel'
;jdfka imQrK Wi fika gr 15 la muKjk w;r" thska
m<uq fika gr 10 ;jdfka msys miaj,ska ilialr .;
hq;= f' tu mia ;gqj u;=mska fika gr 5 l muK
>klug mia Y%Khla fhh hq;=f' fuh y,k ,o f.du yd
y,k ,o u;=mg
s mia 1(1 wkqmd;hg Y%lr .ekSfuka ilialr
.; yel' Wia ;jdka md;a;s tllg je .Kkla ilia lrkafka
k md;a;s folla w;r wju jYfhka fika gr 30 l
mr;rhla j;a ;eh hq;= f'
mia Y%Kh ^5 fi''&

^90 fi''&
msre
oyhshd
fuu l%uh u.ska .= f,djla ;jdk ;eu isjk w;r"

tu.ska hu,ka lEug fya;=jk frda.ldrlhska yd fjk;a
frda.ldrlhska o j,a me,E co kdY f'
^wd& ysret<sh wdOdrfhka jdkqyrKh

(10 fi'')
(30 fi'')
;jdka f mia
ilialr .;a ;jdk c,fhka f;;alr .ekSu m<uqj l< hq;h

= '
bka m iq ks o fmfkk fmd,s ; S k a ia : rhls k a ;jdk
imQrKju wdjrKh lr.kak' ;jdk jgd we;s fmd,s;ska
fldgi f;;a mia oud iS,alr .kak' fuf,i ilialr .;a
;jdk i;s 2 l muK ld,hla fkdlvjd iQrhdf,dalhg
ksrdjrKhlr ;eu u.ska ;jdk jdkqyrKh f'
50
fmd,s;ska
ia:rh
f;;a
miaj,ska
iS,alr.;a
rh
^wE& OQudlrKh
fld< ;jdka l rejka is k a fhdod.kq ,nk ckm% s h
jdkqyrK l%uhla jk fuh u.ska mdxY= frda.ldrlhskag
wu;rj j,a me,E c o jgmkqjkao md,kh f'
f i|yd vefidf 98% GR .%E 20-30 la ;jdfka j._ gr
1 lg fhh yel' ;jdkg vefidf fhh hq;af;a c
isgqug wvq jYfhka k 14 lg j;a l,sks' m%;sldrh fhd
k 4-8 lg miq mia ,sys,alr jefhka we;s OQuldrlh bj;a
ug bv y, hq;=f'
c m%;sldr lsrSu
^we& ridhksl jdkqyrKh
g by; ia;rl< jdkqyrK l%u folu Nd;d
lsug wmyiqjk wjia:djkays ,Sr kdYl Nd;d
lrka ;jdk jdkqyrKhlr .ekSug o mqjk'
Wod( lemagdka fyda ;srd jeks ,Sr kdYlj,ska tla jr.hla
^j.= wxl 1 ys& i|yka lrk wdldrhg c,fha hlr
idod.;a djKh u,a nd,ahla Nd;d lrka ;jdka mi
fydka f;;ajk f,ig fhdokak' fuu ridhksl jH
Nd;dlr k 1-2 la .;jQ miq c fhu jvd;a iqiqh'
j.=j 1( ;jdkg ,Sr kdYl fhu

,Sr kdYl
;jdfka j._ gr 1lg
lemagdka 50] W.P.
.%E 06la c,h ,Sgr 05l hlr

fyda
lemagdka 80] W.P.
;srd 80] W.P.
wdkhkh lrkq ,nk t,j c j._ fndfyda g ridhksl

fyda fjk;a Wml%u fhdod m%;sldr lsfuka miq fj<| fmd<g
ksl=;alr we;' foaYshj ksmojk c i|yd c m%;sldrlr
wf, lsu fndfydag is fkdf' foaYShj ksmojd .kakd
c ;jdka lsug m%:u ,Sr kdYlh iu fydka l,jlr
isgqu l<hq;= f'
c u.ska me;sfrk frda. ldrlhska fya;=lr f.k ;jdfkau
c me,j,g frda. we;s lsug we;s wjku wvq lsug c
m%;sldr lsu bjy,a f'
j.=j 2( c m%;sldr i|yd ,Sr kdYl Nd;h
,Sr kdYlh
c Yd,;ajh ksrfoaYs;
m%udKh
c ls'.%e 1lg

fyda
lemagdka 50] W.P.
lemagdka 80] W.P.
l=vd c
Yd, c
l=vd c
Yd, c
l=vd c
Yd, c
laf,dfrd;ef,dks,a 500 .%E$,Sgr SC

,s ,s' 15 la c,h ,SgrS' 05 l hlr
;fhda*fka ;hs,a 75%WP
.%E 03 la c,h ,Sgr 05 l hlr
;fhda*fka ;hs,a 50% + ;srd 30% WP
;hdfnkavfida,a 45% DF
*agef,dks,a 50% WP
;srd 80] W.P.
;fhda*fka ;hs,a
50] + ;srd 30] W.P. l=vd c
Yd, c
.%E 06
.%E 03
.%E 3'75
.%E 02
.%E 4'5
.%E 02
.%E 04
.%E 02
c fhu
m,uqj ;jdk u;=mg
s we;s mia Y%Kh ,E,s mhla wdOdrfhka
fydka ;olr uglr .ekSu wjYH f' fuu ls%hdj jvd;a
idr : l jka f ka ;jdfka m% Y ia : f;;uk ;;a ; a j hka
mej;=kfyd;a mu' bkamiq l=vd mam mhla wdOdrfhka
fnda.hg .e,fmk mr;rhka we;sjk f,i yd fkd.eUqka
l=vd we,s ilid .kak'
51
cj,
Yd,;ajh
fma,s w;r
mr;rh
fma,shl
.eUqr
l=vd c
fi'' 10
^w,a 4&
fi'' 12
^w,a 6&
'' 6
^w,a 1$4&
'' 12
^w,a 1$2&
Yd, c
fuu we,s f.a fma,shg taldldj yd ;=kSj jefgk f,ig

c fhu l,hq;= f' fma,sj,g fh c jid oeug jvd;a
fhda.H jkafka jdkqyrKh lr.;a ;jdka md;a;h
s lska ,nd.;a
mia f' f ksid ;jdk jdkqyrKh lr.;a miq ;jdfka
u;=m
s ka mia lla f i|yd fjkalr ;nd .ekSu jvd;a fhda.H
Wml%uh f' c fh miq th jefik f,i fma,sj,g fuu
mia Y%Kh fhdod kej; ,E,a,lska ;olr .ekSu l,hq;= f'
jiqka fhu
;jdkg c oeuQ miq th fydka me,ug;a" cj, wdrCIdj
i|yd;a" ;jdk u;=msg wdjrKhla fhu wjYH f'
msre jiqk
jrIdj yd mskak mj;sk wjia:dj, fmd,s;Ska wdjrKfhka

;jdk jid ;sh hq;=f' jrIdj fkdue;sg wdjrKh bj;a
lrkak'
c,h iemhSu
;jdfka uq,a wjia:df u,a nd,a u.ska c,h iemhSu jvd;au
W; l%uh f' jd c,fhka ;jdk .s,ajd c,h iemhSu
lsisgl fkdl, hq;=h'
mj;sk ld,.=K ;;aj u; klg jdr 1-2 muK c,h
iemhSul< hq;=h' tfy;a c,h jemqr fhfuka frda. ydks
jejk fyhska ta ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak'
m,sfndaO kdYl Nd;h

frda.j,ska ;jdk wdrCIdlr .ekSug ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYl
Nd;d l,hq;= f' g wu;rj ;jdka mfia isk lsh;a
mKqjka" iq mkqjka" fhka yd l=yqUqjka jeks i;=kaf.ka c
yd me,j,g ydks we;sh yel' th j,ld,Sug jiqk fh
wjia:df lDkdYl mig fhu wjYH h yel'
me, oe lsu
fuu wdjrKh jiqk f,iska yekafjk w;r" ta i|yd f.daks
fyda rdm;a fkdjQ ms re fyda fhdod.; yels h ' ms re
fhdod.kafka k ta i|yd w;a msre fhdod.ekSu jvd;a W;
f' jrla Nd;dl, f.daks fhdod .kafka k tajd fydka fida
msislr ;o wf h,d .ekSu jvd;a iqiqh'
me, .e,ug k lsysmhlg fmr isg ;jdkg c,h fhdok

jdr .Kk wvq lsu ^c,h fhdok ld, wka;rh je lsu&
u.ska fCIa;% ;;a;aj j,g Tfrd;a;= fok ;;a;ajhg ;jdka
me, ilid .; yelsh' fuu.ska me, isgjQ miqj md we;su
wju f'
wdjrK iemhSu
me, .e,u
jiqk bj;al, miqj ;o jrIdj u.ska ,m c me,j,g

ydks we;sh yel' th j,ld .ekSug kefuk iq fldagqj,ska
fyda WK .iaj,ska m,d.;a WK mj,ska fyda ilid .;a
wdrelalj
= l wdOdrfhka kso fmfkk fmd,s;k
S a wdjrKhla
ilialr .; hq;=h'
;jdfka we;s me, isgqug jvd iqiqu wjia:dj fnda. j._

wkqj fjkia f' tu wjia:djg m;ajQ Yla;su;a yd ksfrda.S
me, ilid.;a fuys isg
q u m%udohlska f;drj isl< hq;h
= '
je wiajekakla ,nd .ekSu i|yd fuh fnfyka jeo.;a f'
me, .e,ug fmr ;jdka mi fydka f;;a lsu jeo.;ah'
me, .e,ug Nd;d lrk w;a uq,aj u.ska fma,s w;r" mia
nqre,a lrka mia iu uq,a fkdlefvk f,i me, .,jd .kak'
.,jk ,o me,j, uq,a fkdlefvk f,i mia iu isgqug
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ia:dkh fj; f.khd hq;=h'
52
;jdka Y%Khla ûdOHhla& fhdod

.kska ilikq ,nk ;jdka
j.dlrejka w;r fnfyka ckmsh
% we;s im%odhsl t<j
;jdkaj,ska fuu ;jdka j._ fjkia jkafka t<j c me,lr
.kafka fYaIfhka ilialr .;a ;jdka udOHhl ksid;a" msy
s
fmd<j iy ;jdka me, w;r iDcq inkaOhla ke;s ksid;a
f' fuhg wu;rj fuu ;jdkaj, me,j, jrOkh idr:l
lr.ekSu i|yd wjYHjk ;;a;j
a hka fndfyduhla j.dlrejd
yg t;r wmyiqjlska f;drj md,kh lr.; yels uo
jdishls' fujeks ;jdkaj, ksmojkq ,nk me, kej; j.d
fuys isgqf tajdfha uq,aj,g isjk ydksh b;d wju
f' tksid me,j, jeu nd, fkdf' isgqfuka miqj h
hk me, ixLHdjo fnfyka wvqh' tfiau fCIa;f% ha isg
q ul,
miq j.df taldldrS jrOkhla o oel.; yelsh'
fuhg wu;rj fujeks me, isgqjk ,o j.djl wiajekak
fk,Su" idudkH ;jdklska ,nd.;a me, isgqjk ,o j.djlg
jvd i;s 1-2 muK ld,hlg fmr isg wdrN l< yelsu
;j;a jdishls'
ksire mia fyda ue iajNdjfhka je fyda mia fhdod .;fyd;a

;jdk widr:l h yelsh' ,S rduqjla ilid .kafkak" ta
i|yd fika gr 06l m fhdod.kak' rduqf m<, fika
gr 90 fkdblauh hq;=h' bvlv we;s m%udKh wkqj tys
. fjkia lr.; yelsh'
fi'' 6
fi'' 90
;jdk ieliSu
l
fydka ysre t<sh jefgk iu;,d ia:dkhla ;jdk

i|yd f;dard.kak' bkamiq tu ia:dkfhys j,ame,E Wo .d
bj;a lrkak'
l
l= ;jdka ^fkdfodaflda ;jdka&

fuh" cmdkfha f.dka iska t<j me, ksmou i|yd
fhdod.kakd ,o tla ;jdka l%uhls' fuys y,k ,o f.du iy
ire u;=msg mia 1 ( 1 wkqmd;hg Y%lr" c,h wjYH muKg
fhd l=j,g lmd .; hq;=h' tu l= u; c fyda me,
isgqu fuys islrkq ,ef' ;lald,s" ngq" f.dajd" ia jeks
l=vd c iys; t<j j._ muKla fkdj wjYH wjia:dj,
;rula Yd, c iys; jglald" lr, jeks fnda.hkays
me, ksmoug o fuu ;jdka l%uh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh'
wjYH jH
l
ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla j.d fkdlrk ,o bvulska

,nd.;a irenka hq;a u;=msg mia
fydka y,d.;a rdm;a jQ f.du
lr lr.;a oyhshd iaj,amhla
;jdfka msg; odrhg fhu i|yd ,S rduqjla fyda ta

i|yd fhdod.; yels ,S m fyda .fvd,a'
wjYH l= m%udKh wkqj fika gr 90la m<,g iy

myiq .la iys; rduq l+x[ u.ska fmd<jg i lrkak' ,S
rduq fjkqjg fika gr 06la Wi ,S m fyda .fvd,a
wdOdrfhka o jf odrh ilialr .; yelsh' ;jdfkys m,,
fika gr 90g jvd je jQ g fmd,s;skaj,ska ;jdk ksis
f,i wdjrKh lsu iy wfkl=;a md,k l%shdjkao wmyiq
f'
l
fuhg miqj rduqj we;=,; u u;" lr lr.kakd ,o

oyhshd fyda isyk
s a je,s ;gqjla fyda w;=rkak' miq wjia:djl
;jdka l= fmd<fjka bj;alr .ekSug fuh Wmldr f'
l
ire mia yd rdm;a jQ f.du" i,a,vhla wdOdrfhka fjk

fjku y,d .kak' f wkaoug y,d.;a f.du yd mia iu
wkqmd;hlska ^1 ( 1& tlsfkl iu fydka Y%lr .kak' miqj
c,h fhdoka ue noduhla f,i wkd.kak' f wkaoug ilia
lr.;a Y%Kh rduqj ;=, w;=rd w;ska ;olr ug lr.kak'
l
f wdldrhg w;=rd ilid.;a Y%Kh f;;a f.daks fyda

msrej,ska jid meh 3-4 muK ld,hla moug bv ykak'
f wkaoug molr fkd.;fyd;a l= lemSu wmyiq f'
tfiau ysre t<shg ksrdjrkh l<g l= b ;e,S le
hhs'
53
;jdka Y%Kh fydka mo lr.;a miqj" wjYH

m%udKhg l= lmd.; yelsh' l=j, Yd,;ajh ;jdka
lsug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk fnda. j._h wkqj ;SrKh lrkak'
idudkHfhka fujeks ;jdka l=hl Yd,;ajh w,a 1 1$2
1 1$2 1 1$2 fyda w,a 2 2 2 muK olajd fjkia h yelsh'
;jdka l= j, me, isgqu

l
f i|yd l= ;jdk ieliSug fmr fjk;a ia : dkhl

idudkH wdldrfha ;jdkla ilid tys c jmqrd me, ksmojd
.kak' fuh m%d:l ;jdk f,i yekaf'
l fuu m%d:l ;jdfkys c me,j, m;% folla iys;

wjia:df .,jd l= ;jdkaj, isgqh hq;=h' f wkaoug
c me, isgqf ;jdka l=fha ilialr .kakd isfrys
.eUqr isgqjk me,fha uQ, uKav,fha .eUqr wkqj fjkia
lr.kak'
w,a
l m%d:l ;jdfkka me, .e,ug m%:u th fydka
f;;alr"
uq, uKav,hg ydks fkdjk m me, .,jd .kak' isgqf
me,j, m;%j,ska muKla w,a,d isgqjkak' lf|ka w,a,d me,
.e,u W; fkdf'
1 1$2 - 2
w,a 1 1$2 - 2
l
mrK msyshla iy wjYH ;r m<,g ilid.;a ,S mhl

wdOdrfhka l= lmd.; yelsh' ;jdka Y%Kh u; ,S mh
;nd we;=,gu lemS hk m msysfha wdOdrfhka l=h lmd
.kak' msysfhys mia we,S" l= lehdu j,ld .ekSu i|yd
jkajr msysh c,h nkl .s,ajd f;;alr lemSug fhd
.kak'
l= ;jdkaj, fujeks l=vd c me, isgqfuka miqj

me,j, uq, uKav,h yd f;; mi tlsfkl iu fydka
inkaOjk m mia Y%Kfhka iaj,amhla fhdod uola w;ska
;o lrkak' bkamiqj ;jdk uola f;;ajk m u,a nd,ahlska
c,h fhdokak'
;jdk kv;a;=j
l
l f wkaoug lmd .kakd ,o iEu ;jdka l=hlu y ueka
isrla ilid .kak' bj; ouk fnda,a fmdhska mEkl miq

mi fldgi wdOdrfhka isr ilid .ekSfuka taldld
.eUqrlska fuu isre we;slr.; yelsh' f wkaoug l=j,
ilid.;a isrej, ;jdka lsug wjYH c fl,skau oeu
fyda fjk;a m%d:l ;jdkl ilid.;a c me, .,jd f.ke;a
isgqu fyda l< yelsh'
tljru c isgqu
;jdk wdjrKhlr .ekSu i|yd wdrelal=jl wdldrhg

l=vd WK m;=re kjd tlsfklg fika gr 45 l mr;rhlska
;jdk u; is g q j d .ka k ' bka m iq j fika
gr 75 la m<, fmd,s;skhla folvlr fuf,i ilid.;a
WK m;=re u; ;jdk jefik m w;=rd .kak' md;a;h
s fomi
ilr.;a l+x[j,g fuu fmd,s;Skh .eg .ikak'
l ms k a k iys ; rd;S % ld,fha iy jr I dj we;s g
fmd,s;Skfhka ;jdk jid ;nkak' jd ld,fha fmd,s;k
S h
bj;a lrkak'
l= ;jdkaj, tljru c isgqjkafka k ;jdka l=h

u; ilid.kakd isre t;r .eUqrlg ilid fkd.; hq;=h'
tys .eUqr w,a 1$4 muKu iEfya' fuu isre ;=,g c 2-3
muK oud f.du yd u;= m s g mia iuj Y% l r idod.;a
Y%Kfhkau c jid fydka ;olr .kak'
l
f wkaoug c fhdod ;jdk u; f;; f.daks fyda f;;

msre w;=rkak' fjk;a ;jdkaj, fuka fkdj fuys ;jdkg
c fh .i c,h fhu fkdlrkak' c,h fhjfyd;a c
l=Kqu jeh yelsh'
l
c me,jQ .i jiqk bj;a lrkak' c me,j,g k 10

muK .;jQ miqj tla ;jdka l=hl tla ksfrda.S me,hla
muKla b;slr fiiq me, .,jd bj;a lrkak'
l ;jdka l=j, f;;ukh ksis ugul mj;ajd .; yelsjk
m l=vd isre iys; u,a nd,ahlska c,h fhdokak' ;jdkg

i;s 3 muK .;jq miqj tys j,a me, ;sfk w;ska .,jd
bj;a lrkak'
54
me,j, jeu rj, k fj<| fmdf,ys we;s hr

fmdfydrla ;jdkg bis k a k ' tfia fkdue;s k hQ hd
wjqki
a hla c,h .e 2 Y%lr.;a hrh me,j,g fhdokak'
l
;jdka me,j,g frda. yd lD ydks ksid ydks mefKaoehs

ks;r mCIdld jkak'
me, isgqu
l
;jdkg i;s 3-4 muK .;jQ miqj fyda tla tla fnda. j._h
wkqj ;jdfkys me, jeug bv yeh hq;= ld,h wjika jq
miq l= ;jdka me, j.d fuys isgqu i|yd fhdod .kak'
f i|yd m<uqfjkau l= ;jdfkys rduqj bj;a lrkak'
l
bkamiqj ;jdka l= lemSu i|yd fhdod.;a msysh u.skau

l= kej; tlsfklska fjkalr .kak' msys ;,h l=h hka
oud biaiSfuka th myiqfjka .e,f' f wkaoug fjkalr
.;a ;jdka l= isgqu i|yd j.d ug f.khdug ilid
.;a ;e Nd;d lsu jvd iqiqh'
l
me, isgqug l f,djlg fmr" ilid.;a j,j,aj,g

c,h fhdokak' me,h iys; mia l=h jf,a isgjQ miq th
jefik fia miaj,ska wdjrKh lrkak'
nka ;jdka
t<j j.d lsu i|yd ksfrda.S je hlska hq;= me,
ksmojd.; yels ;jdka l%uhls' f wkaoug ksmojd .kakd
me,j, fydka jevqk Yla;su;a uQ, uKav,hla we;' nfka
we;s ;jdka udOHh iuu j.d fuys me, isgqjk ksid
me,j, jeu nd, fkdf' me, isgqf uq,aj,g ydks
fkdjk ksid me, hhdula fyda ;=jd, jq uq,a yryd frda.
ldrlhka me,hg we;=,aula fyda is fkdf' isgqug fhdod
.kakd cj,ska je me, ixLHdjla ,nd.; yels ksid" fuu
l%uh < wl fouqy
q m%fNaoj, c ;jdka lsu i|yd nyq,
jYfhka fhdod .kq ,ef' fuh f.dajd" ngq" ;lald,s" ia jeks
l=vd c iys; fnda. i|yd jvd;a iqiq ;jdka l%uhls'
nka ieliSu
l
IalNh fika gr 13 iy Wi fika gr 17 jq l=vd

m%udKfha fif,da fmd,s;k
S a nka f i|yd idr:lj fhdod.;
yelsh' idudkHfhka f.%di nE.aia hkqfjka ykajkq ,nk
fuu nka fhdod .ekSu jvd ,dNodhl o f'
l
me, jefvk g nk ;=, tla /iajk je c,h bj;aj

hdu i|yd nE.fha my< m%foaYfhys l=vd isre 6-8 muK ilid
.kak'
l
tfiau nka Y%Kh mqrjd .ekSug fmr nE.fha jD;

me;af;a odrh w,a 1 1$2 muK we;=,g kjd .kak' tu.ska tys
jefkk iq nj wvqlr .; yelsh'
l
fuu nka i|yd ;jdka Y%Kh f,i ire u;=msg mia iy

rdm;a jq f.du fmdfydr fjk fjku i,a , vlr" iu
m%udKj,ska Y% lr.kak' fuu Y%Kh ;rula f;;alr
.ekSfuka nkaj,g mqrjd .ekSu jvd;a myiq f'
l f wkaoug miaa Y%Kh mqrjd.;a nka tlsfklg wdikakj
isk fia ;jdk i|yd ilia lr.;a ia:dkfhys wiqrd.kak'

fufia wiqrd.kakd g fika gr 90 g fkdje m<,la
iys;j nka wiqrd .ekSfuka /l n,d.ekSu jvd myiqf'
l fujeks fif,dafmd,s;Ska nka fjkqjg" lvodisj,ska ieliQ
nka jqjo Nd;dl< yelsh' fuhg wu;rj O m%udKfha

;jdka ;e o fj<| fmdf,ka , .; yelsh' tjeks nka
jdr .Kkdjla md lsf yelshdj o ;sf'
O wdldrfha ;jdka ;e
55
nka Y%Kh jdKqyrKh

nkaj,g mqrjd.;a ;jdka Y%Kfhys O frda. ldrlhska
ishfyd;a l=vd t<j me,j,g Yd, jYfhka ydks we;sf'
fuh j,ld .ekSu i|yd c isg
q ug k 1-2 muK fmr iqiq
,Sr kdYlhla fhdod nka Y%Kh jdkqyrKh lr.kak'
f i|yd lemagdka keu;s ,Sr kdYlfhka .%E 15-20 c,h
,Sgr 10 Y%lr idod.;a hrh u,a nd,ahlska nkaj,g
fhdod ;jdka Y%Kh fydka f;;a lr.kak'
c m%;sldr lsu
c iu. mej;sh yels frda. ldrl kdYlr .ekSu i|yd
isgqug fmr iqiq ,Sr kdYlhla c iu Y%lr .kak'
^ksrfoaYs; m%udK j.= wxl 02ys i|ykalr we;'&
c isgqu
tla nkl ;sh hq;= me, .Kk" fnda. j._h yd j.d l%uh
wkqj fjkial, hq;=h' ta wkqj c isgqu i|yd tla nkl
we;sl< hq;= isre ixLHdj tlla fyda folla fyda h yelsh'
fujeks isrl .eUqr w,a 1$4-1$2 w;r ug ms<sjk'
WodyrKhla f,i tla nkl f.dajd tla me,hla o ;lald,s
k me, folla ne.ska o mj;ajd.; yel' iEu nklu c
isgqh hq;af;a tl iudk .eUqrlsks' tfia fkdjqkfyd;a c
me,u o taldldj is fkdf' f i|yd ir, WmlrKhla
idod.; yels w;r" th nka Y%Kh msrjQ nk u; ;nd ;o
lsfuka iEu nklu iu .eUqrlska isre ilid.; yelsf'
bkamiqj isre ;=,g c oud jdkqyrKh lr.;a nka
Y%Khu fhdod jid oeh hq;=h'
jiqka lsu
l fuf,i c fh nkaj, c me,jk f;la u;=m
s ka jiqkla
fhu w;HdjYH f' f i|yd w,a 2 la muK >klu msre

;gqjla fyda f;; f.daks fyda fhdod.; yelsh'
l
l= yd fhkaf.a ydks iys; m%foaYj, k ta i|yd iqiq

lD kdYlhla c,fha hlr ^jiqk fh miq& jiqk o f;;ajk
f,ig nka u;g fhdokak'
km;d nkaj, f;;ukh mCIdlr n,d wjYH m

c, imdokh lrkak' c me, mfika u;=jq .iu jiqk
bj;a lrkak' c me, mfika u;=jq uq,a k lsysmfha tajd
b;d uDjk fyhska jrIdfjka wdrCId lr.ekSu wjYH f'
f i|yd fmd,s;Ska wdjrKhla" nkaj,g by,ska wrO
ljdldrj isk f,i fhdod.kak'
l
c me, m;% fol iys; wjia:djg m;a jQ g ^c isgqjd

k 7-10 & nkaj, we;s je me, bj;a lrkak' tf,i bj;a
lrk me, kej;" m<uqj i|yka l< whqka ilid .;a
nkaj, isgqfuka" me, wmf;a hdu j,lS'
l nka udOHfha f;;ukh ksis f,i mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd
l%uj;aj c, imdokh lrkak' me, l%ufhka jrOkhjk

g me, oe lsu i|yd ysre t<sh ,ndfok ld,iSudj l%u
l%ufhka je lrkak'
l lD frda. ydks ms<sn|j ks;ru mCIdld u b;d
jeo.;ajk w;r" wjYHjkafka k muKla iqiq m<sfndaO
kdYlhla biskak'
me, isgqu
l
ksh; ld, iSudj ;=, me, isgqjkak' jvd je ld,hla

nfkau me, ;nd.;a g .eUqrg jefvk uq,a" nk m;=f,a
.eg .efia' th wys;lr ;;a;ajhls'
l ;jdfka isg fCIa;%hg f.khdf " me,j,g yd nkaj,g
ydks isu j,ld .ekSu i|yd me;,s m;= , la

Ndckhl wiqrdf.k nka fCIa;%hg f.k hkak'
iys ;
l nfka isria lemqula fhdod ne.h bj;a lrka" mia l=h
iu. me, isgj

q kak' me, isg
q f bj;alrk fif,dafmd,s;k
S a
nE.a tla ;eklg tl;=lr kdY lrkak'
l
fuf,i ieliQ nka me, f.j;= j.d lrkakka yg wf,

lsu u.ska wdodh Wmojk udr.hla ilialr .; yelsh'
;jo" fCIa;f% ha isgj
q k f;la me,j,g ydks fkdjk f,i ;nd
.ekSu myiq neka th j.dlrejkg o myiqjla f'
56
ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr

Nd;fha jeo.;alu
fndfyda t<j fnda. fl uQ, uKav,hlska hqla;h' f ksid
fuu fnda. j._j, Ydl fmdaIl wjYH;djh imqrd .ekSu i|yd
uq, uKav,h wjg l=vd m%foaYhl ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIl
m%udKhla ;ssh hq;=h'
g wu;rj udi 3-4 la jeks fl ld,iSudjl fndfyda
t<j fnda.j, ; ld,h wjika f' fjk;a fnda. yd ii|d
n,k l," t<j fnda.j, wiajkq jYfhka m%fhdackhg .kakd
fldgiaj, ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla wka;r.; f'
tksid t<j wiajekak iu wl Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla
j.d fuka bj;a f' fuhg wu;rj fndfyda t,j fnda.j,
wdydrhg fkd.kakd o~q yd fld< jeks fldgiaj,o ie,lsh
hq;= m%udKhl Ydl fmdaIl wvx.= f' wiajkq fk,Sfuka miq
fujeks fnda. wjfYaIo j.d fuka bj;alr" kdYlr oeu
ksid o ie,lsh hq;= Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla mig wys f'
Ydl fmdaIl l<uKdlrkhla

fufia mfika bj;ajk Ydl fmdaIl j._ uq,sl" oa;shsl yd
wxY= ud;% uq,jH hk ldKav ;=kgu wh;a f' tksid tu
ishu Ydl fmdaIl j._ kej; mig ,ndf lsh
% dud._ t<j
fnda. j.df jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' f ksid m%Odk Ydl fmdaIl
imhk tka'mS'fla' (N.P.K) ridhksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rj
oa;shsl yd wxY= ud;% uq,jH imhk ldnksl fmdfydr o
t<j j.djg fhh hq;=h' O t<j fnda. w;=frka jqjo"
.= ld,Sk fnda. u.ska" fl ld,Sk fnda.j,g jvd je Ydl
fmdaIl m%udKhla Wrd .kS' f ksid .= ld,Sk fukau je
wiajkq ,ndfok t<j fnda. i|yd idr:l Ydl fmdaIl
l<ukdlrKhla fYaIfhka ;sh hq;=h' tksid tjeks fnda.
i|yd ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr foj._hu ksjer
wdldrhg fhfuka " idr : l fuka u wdr : l jdis o dhl
wiajekakla o ,nd.; yelsh'
ridhksl fmdfydr
uQ,sl Ydl fmdaIl
fjk;a fnda. j._ i|yd fukau t<j fnda. i|yd o" je
m%udKhlska wjYHjk ksid uQ,sl Ydl fmdaIl f,i i,lkq
,nk khsg%cka" fmdiamria yd fmdgEish iemhSu ridhksl
fmdfydr u.ska l< hq;=h'
fuh fYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka t<j fnda. j._j,ska je
wiajekakla ,nd.ekSu i|yd je Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla
wjYHjk ksidh' tu wjYH;djh imqrd,Su jvd myiqfjka
l,yels jka f ka je Ydl fmda I l m% u dKhla wvx.= j k
ridhksl fmdfydr fhu u.sks'
ka yeS hka f ka t<j fnda . j.d lrkq ,nk fuka

ksrka;rfhka Ydl fmdaIl Yd, m%udKhla bj;ajk njhs'
f ksid" t<j j.df idr:l wiajekakla i|yd ukd Ydl
fmdaIl l,uKdlrkhla wksjdrfhkau ;sh hq;=h' tfia
fkdl,fyd;a fjk;a fnda. j._ fuka fkdj" t<j fnda.j,
wiajekafkys meye,s wvqula isjk nj mrfhaIK u.ska
ukdj Tmamq lr ;sf'
ridhks l fmdfydr myiq f jka hfjk iq ks i d mig

fhfuka miq b;d iq ld,hla ;=, fnda.hg ,nd.; yelsh'
tksid ridhksl fmdfydr fhfuka fnda.fha jeug yd
wiajekakg blauka n,mEula we;sl< yelsh' fuhg wu;rj
je wjYH;djhla mj;sk fuu Ydl fmdaIl ;=ka j._h
ridhksl fmdfydr f,i ,ndu" jvd;a m%;sM,odhl fukau
wdr:lj o jdisodhlh' t<j f.dka iska ridhksl
fmdfydr Nd;d lsu flfrys je ie,ls,a,la olajkafka
f ksidh'
57
t<j fnda. i|yd ridhksl fmdfydr fhf fjk;a

flld,Sk fnda.j,g fuka" imQrK
fmdiamria wjYH;djh
uQ,l
s fmdfydr f,i fhh hq;h
= ' ta iuu fnda.fha khsgc
% ka
iy fmdgeish wjYH;djfhka fldgila o c fyda me,
isg
q ug fmr uq,l
s fmdfydr f,i" ilid.;a md;a;j
s ,g fyda
j,j,aj,g fhdod mi iu l<j lr.; hq;=h' fnda.hg
wjYHjk b;s khsg%cka yd fmdgEish fmdfydr m%udKh
ksrfoaYs; wkaoug tla jrl fyda jdr lsysmhl fyda
fnda.hg fhdod mig l<jl< hq;=h' Yd, m%udKhlg
fmdfydr fhdok wjia:dj, l=vd fldgia jYfhka j.djg
fmdfydr fhdod mig l<j lrkak' fhdok ,o fmdfydr
je f,djla ;o ysre t<shg ksrdjrKh kdY u fuhska
j,lS' hQhd wvx.= fmdfydr i|yd fuh fYaIfhka jeo.;a
f' tfia fmdfydr fhdod mig l,j lsfuka" fnda.hg fuu
fmdfydrj, wvx.= Ydl fmdaIl jvd myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug
yels f' tfiau" wmf;a hk fmdfydr m%udKh o wvq lr.;
yelsh'
f wdldrhg fnda.h isgqfuka miq fmdfydr fhu
idudkHfhka ykajkq ,nkafka" u;=msg fmdfydr fhu
jYfhks' flfia kuq;a fuu fmdfydr" u;=msg isrejd
yeul, hq;h
= ehs fuhska woyia lrkq fkd,ef' tksid u;=mg
s
fmdfydr fh miqj tu fmdfydr wksjdrhfhkau mig
l,jl< hq;=h'
;s%;aj iqmr fmdiafma

uQ,sl fmdfydrla f,i muKla fhdokq ,nk fmdiamria Ydl
fmdaIlh" t<j fnda. j.djka i|yd ,ndh hq;af;a ;s%;aj
iqmr fmdiafma wdldrhg muKls' f i|yd O j._j,
frdla fmdiafma fmdfydr Nd;d fkdl< hq;=h' ;s%;aj iqmr
fmdiafma fuka fkdj" frdla fmdiafmaj, lsh
% dldFjh wvqh'
tksid je fmdiamria wjYH;djhla we;s t<j fnda. j._
i|yd frdla fmdiafma fhu iqiq ke;' fuhg wu;rj" .=
ld,hla ;= , iq m% u dKj,s k a mig ks o yia j k frdla
fmdiafmaj, wvx.= fmdiamria Ydl fmdaIlh" fl jrOk
ld,hla we;s t<j fnda.j,g wjYH wjia:dj," wjYH
m%udKj,ska ,nd .ekSu wmyiqh' tksid frdla fmdiafma
ksrfoaY lrkq ,nkafka nyqjdrIsl fnda. i|yd muKls'
fnda.hg blauka ,nd.; yelsjdla fukau" myiqfjka mfika

fia hdu iy fnda . hg ,nd.; fkdyels .eUq r la ola j d
ldkaug o bv ;sf' .ska .gu Yd, m%udKj,ska
ridhksl fmdfydr mig fhu ksid" mfiys we;s fjk;a Ydl
fmdaIl j._ iu. fkdfhla wka;r lsh
% dj,Ska o we;sh yelsh'
fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka fnda.fhys fkdfhla fmdaIl W!K;d
we;sug bv;sf' fuys wjidk m%;sM,h jkafka wiajekak
wvquhs'
WodyrKhla jYfhka fmdgeish wvx.= ridhksl fmdfydr
Yd, m%udKj,ska mig fhg ue.aksish keu;s Ydl
fmdaIlh Wrd .ekSug ndOdf '
fmdiamria wvx.= fmdfydr mfiys je jQ g fnda.hg
;=ka;kd. îskala& uQ,jH Wrd.ekSug wmyiq f' fuhg
wu;rj fkdlvjd wl m%udKj,ska ridhksl fmdfydr
j.djka i|yd fhdokq ,nk m%foaYj," ug .kakd c,h
IKh uo Yd, mir yd fi!LH m%YK
a hla ;sf' tfiau
f wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fhu ksid mi wd,slu
ksid j.djka widr:l uo nyq,j we;sjk .egjls'
Wmu m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu i|yd

ridhksl fmdfydr fhfuka Wmu m%fhdack ,nd.ekSu
i|yd ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr m%udKh ksrfoaYs;
wjia:df fhh hq;=h' fhdokq ,nk ridhksl fmdfydr
yeugu mig l,j l<hq;=h' tfiau khsg%cka wvx.=
ridhksl fmdfydr fhdokq ,nk wjia:dj, je jdr
.Kklska fnda.hg ,ndu u.ska wmf;a hk fmdfydr m%udKh
wvqlr .; yelsh' fuhg wu;rj ridhksl fmdfydr fhdok
wjia : df mfiys f;;ukh mej;S u jeo.;a h ' tfia
ke;fyd;a fmdfydr fhfuka miq c,h iemhSu wksjdrfhkau
l<hq;=h' h,s mig ridhksl fmdfydr fhfuka fnda.hg
m%fhdackhla ,nd.; fkdyelsh' fuhg wu;rj ridhksl
fmdfydr fhug fmr j.df j,ame,E md,kh lsu o
fnfyka jeo.;a f'
f fya;=j ksid t<j fnda. i|yd fmdfydr Y%K Nd;d

lsf" fjk;a nyq j dr I s l fnda . i|yd ilia l r we;s
fmdfydr Y%K fhdod fkd.; hq;=h' ^Wod( fmd,a" rnr" f;a
fmdfydr& ulaksidoh;a fujeks fndfyda fmdfydr Y%Kj,
fmdiamria fmdfydr f,i wvx.= jkafka frdla fmdiafma
ksidh'
ridhksl fmdfydr myiqfjka c,fha hfjk iqh' tksid
58
ldnksl fmdfydr
ldnksl fmdfydr j._ mig fhdod t<j j.dl< miq mfia
wka;r.; uq,sl" oa;shsl yd wxY= ud;% hk ldKav ;=kgu
wh;ajk uq,jH m%udKh je we;snj mrfhaIK u.ska
ikd:lr we;' idudkH t<j j.d l%uj, ridhksl
fmdfydr f,i oa;shsl yd wxY= ud;% uq,jH mig ,ndu
is fkdlrk neka ridhksl fmdfydrj,g wu;rj ldnksl
fmdfydr fhu o b;d jeo.;ah'
jdis fudkjdo@
ldnksl fmdfydr fhu u.ska fnda.j,g fhdokq ,nk
ridhksl fmdfydr fiahdu wvq" tu ridhksl fmdfydrj,
ldrhCIu;djh je lrkq ,ef' fuh fjk;a fnda. i|yd
fukau t<j j.df o jeo.;ah' f ksid t<j j.djg
fhdokq ,nk ridhks l fmdfydrj, Wmu m% f hda c k
,nd.ekSug ldnksl fmdfydr fhu o w;HdjYH f'
l
f;;a l,dmfha fukau" w;r ueo l,dmj, o t<j j.d

lrkq ,nk mia" wd,sl njlska hqla;h' tfiau fkdlvjd
ridhksl fmdfydr fhu ksid o mfia wd,sl nj je f'
f wdldrhg mi wd,slf fya;=fjka fnda.j,g iuyr
Ydl fmdaIl Wrd .ekSug ndOd we;s f' flfia kuq;a mil
ldnksl jH ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla we;ak" mfia iajdrCIl
nj jejk w;r" tu.s k a ridhks l fmdfydr fhf
fya;f= jka wd,slug m%;fs rdaj lsh
% d lsf je yelshdjla
mig ,ef'
tfiau ldnksl fmdfydr f,i l=l=,a fmdfydr fhu u.ska
tys wka;r.; le,aih
s ix>gl ksid mfia wd,sl nj wvqf'
fuh l=l=,a fmdfydrj, olakg ,efnk iqfYaI ,CIKhls'
tksid t<j fnda. j.d lsfuka je wiajekakla ,nd .ekSug
o th fya;=jla f' tksid l=l=,a fmdfydr fhdod t<j
j.dlrkq ,nk wjia:dj, fvd,uhs fyda wyqKq fhu
wjYH fkdf'
t<j j.djg je,s wl mila fukau ue wl mila o

fhda.H ke;' je,s wl mfia wvq Ydl fmdaIl m%udKhla
wka;r.;jk w;r" Ydl fmdaIl blauka fiahduo isf'
tfiau mfia idrj;a nj ;SrKh lrkq ,nk fjk;a fndfyda
idOl o je,s mfia wvqh' tfiau ue mfia wl ue nj yd
ue wxY= wl f,i tlsfkl iu ;ou" fnda.j, uq,a
fydka ys hdug ndOdjls' tfiau h,s ld,fha ue mfia
olakg ,efnk b ;e,S ksid fnda.j, uq,a moaO;shg mjd
ydks mefka'
f ksid je,s yd ue mia fojr.fhau" fnda. j.djg jvd
ys;lr ,CIK hqKq lsu i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fhu
jeo.;ah' fujeks ;;a;aj blauka hqKq lsu wmyiq jqj;a"
fkdlvjd .= l d,S k j mig ldnks l fmdfydr fhu
m%fhdackj;ah' .=ld,Skj ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka mfia
;;ajh hqKq we;s nj kqjrt<sh m%foaYfha t<j j.d lrk
mi wOHhkh lsfuka fydka fmkS hkq we;'
l
ldnksl fmdfydr fhu ksid mfia f;;ukh fnda.j,g

wjYH ugulska mj;ajd .ekSug Wmldr f' t<j fnda.j,
olakg ,efnk f.j;a jrOkh i|yd mfia f;;ukh
jeo.;ajk w;r" th Ydl fmdaIl Wrd .ekSug yd fjk;a
mdxY= m%;sls%hd i|yd o m%fhdackj;a f' tfiau mfia j;ajk
.evka yd fjk;a CIq kaf.a lsh
% dldrl i|yd o ksjer
ugka mfia f;;ukh mej;Su w;HdjYHh' fuf,i mfia
f;;ukh r|jd .ekS u g ridhks l fmdfydr muKla
m%fhdackj;a fkdjk w;r" ta i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fhu
o wksjdrfhkau l<hq;=h'
l
ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka mfia jHqyh hqKqu ksid

mfia wka;r.; jd; m%udKh jef' mfiys wvx.=jk jd;
m%udKh hqKq lr.ekSu fYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka je
jYfhka ue wvx.= mia i|ydh' mfia isjk fkdfhla m%;l
s h
%s d
i|yd fukau mdxY= kaf.a ls%hdldFjhg o mdxY= jd;h
fnfyka jeo.;ah' fuh ridhksl fmdfydr fhfuka isl,
fkdyels w;r" f i|yd odhl jkafka ldnksl fmdfydr mu'
fndfyda t<j fnda.j, we;af;a rj, fukau l=vd uq,a

moaO;shls' fuu uq,a moaO;sh fydka jrOkhlr .ekSu i|yd
mfiys jHqyh ta i|yd ys;lr wdldrhg mej;sh hq;=h' mfia
jHqyh hqKqlr .ekSu" ridhksl fmdfydr muKla fhfuka
l< fkdyelsh' ta i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr fhu wksjdrh
f' f wkaoug ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka mfia isjk ,sy,
s a
nj fya;=fjka fnda.fha uq,a moaO;sh fydka jeug ys;lr
;;a ; a j hla we;s j k ks i d" th t<j j.df idr : l
wiajekaklg fya;= f'
59
ldnksl fmdfydr mfia j;ajk fndfyda mdxY= kag

jeo.;ajk w;r" Tjqkaf.a ldj mj;ajd f.k hdug mfia
ldnksl jH wka;r.; u w;HdjYHh' idr:l fnda.
j.djla i|yd mfiys ish hq;= fkdfhla m%;l
s h
%s d ksis wkaoug
isu msi CIq kaf.a ls%hdldFjh fnfyka jeo.;ah
ldnksl fmdfydr fkdfh j.dj, uQ, .e;s jgmkq ydksh

ksid wl f,i wiajekak wvqjk nj t<j j.d lrkq ,nk
fndfyda m%foaYj,ska jdr;d we;' fuu ydksh j,ld,Su i|yd
l=l,
= a fmdfydrj, odhl;ajh ms<n
s |j wm rf muKla fkdj
foaY rgj, isl, mrfhaIK .Kkdjla u.ska o fmkajd
we;'
ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka t<j j.df olakg ,efnk

jgmkq ydksh wju lr.; yelsh' uq, .e;s jgmkq ydksh"
fYaIfhka fid,fkais l=,fha t<j fnda.jk ;lald,s" ud
ia" jngq yd wr;dm,a hkdfha iq,nj oelsh yelsh' fuu
ydksh ldnksl fmdfydr fhfuka wvqlr .; yels w;r" ta
i|yd l=l=,a fmdfydr fhu jvd;a idr:l m%;slruhls'
mrfhaIK m%;sM,
t<j fnda . wdYs % ; j is lrkq ,enQ mr f ha I K Yd,
ixLHdjla u.ska meye,s we;s lreKla k" t<j fnda.j,
wiajekak je lsug ^j.= wxl 1& fukau t<j j.dfjka
wdr:l jdishla ,eug ^j.= wxl 2& ridhksl fmdfydr
muKla fkdj ldnksl fmdfydro fhh hq;= njhs' tfiau fuu
fojr.hgu wh;a fmdfydr fhu u.ska mfia .=ld,Sk
idrj;anj /l .ekSug o bv ,ef'
fojk j.=f i|yka jkafka jeo.;a t<j fnda. ;=klska
,nd.; yels Y=oaO wdodhu" fhdok ,o O fmdfydr j._
iu. fjkia we;s wkaouhs' fylaghdrhlg fgdka 10
^wlalrhg fgdka 4& l=l=,a fmdfydr fhdod" ta iu ksrfoaYs;
ridhksl fmdfydr fhfuka jeu wdodhula fuu fnda.
j.dlr ,nd .; yels nj fuhska meye,s f'
wdodh ho .Kkh lsu msi fuhg jir lsysmhlg
fmr mej;s ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr , o" tlS t<j
j._ i|yd j.dlrejka ,nd.;a idudkH ,o Nd;dlr ;sf'
flfia jqjo fuu o;a; i|yd jr;udk w.hka Nd;dl, o
O fmdfydr fhf l%u wkqj ,nd.; yels Y=oaO ,dNh
by; ms<sfj, wkqju fkdfjkiaj mj;skq we;'
ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr fhu u.ska

m%Odk t<j fnda. ;=kl wiajekakg isjQ n,mEu
j.=j 1 (
f.dajd
fmdfydr fhdod ke;s
ksrfoaYs; fmdfydr muKla fh g
f.du fgdka 10 muKla fh g
fldfmdaia fgdka 10 muKla fh g
l=l=,a fmdfydr fgdka 10 muKla fh g
f.du fgdka 10 ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr
fldfmdaia fgdka 10 ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr
l=l=,a fmdfydr fgdka 10 ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr
10'4
55'0
32'4
33'8
58'0
55'3
57'9
88'1
wiajekak fyla$fu(fgdka
;lald,s
mre fndax
2'2
7'2
5'1
6'9
18'4
9'3
8'4
24'6
5'1
10'7
6'6
8'2
11'1
9'3
11'4
15'8
60
ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr O wkaoug fhfuka miq m%Odk t<j fnda.

lsysmhla u.ska lkak lsysmhl ,nd.; yels we;s wdodhu
^fylaghdrhlg remsh,a&
j.=j 2(
fmdfydr fh wdldrh
je,a fndax
92 h,
;lald,s
92$93 uy
f.dajd
93 h,
je,afndax
94 h,
;lald,s
94$95 uy
f.dajd
95 h,
l=l=,a fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka'10&
31"600'00
5"73"200'00
6"06"200''00
1"73"100'00
8"28"400'00
4"35"500'00
f.du fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka'10&
8"300'00
152"800'00
262"900'00
43"000'00
71"400'00
101"900'00
f.du fmdfydr l=l=,a fmdfydr

^fyla-fgdka 5 ne.ska&
25"100'00
3"02"800'00
5"56"600'00
1"48"900'00
4"28"400'00
4"64"000'00
ksrfoaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr

muKla
18"800'00
2"79"200'00
5"43"900'00
1"21"500'00
2"40"300'00
3"30"900'00
l=l=,a fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgd'10&

63"200'00
647"800'00
814"500'00
230"200'00
11"70"600'00
8"34"700'00
f.du fmdfydr ^fyla'$fgdka 10&

39"900'00
4"41"900'00
5"19"500'00
1"59"300'00
3"94"000'00
3"12"600'00
f.du fmdfydr iy l=l=,a fmdfydr

^fyla'$fgdka 5 ne.ska& ksrfoaYs;
ridhksl fmdfydr
51"600'00
6"24"200'00
714"900'00
1"67"800'00
7"78"400'00
5"97"800'00
ldnksl fmdfydr j._

ldnksl fmdfydr fhf" fhdokq ,nk ldnksl fmdfydr
j._ iy m%udK ms<sn|j muKla fkdj m%foaYfha myiqfjka
imhd.; yels fmdfydr ms,sn|j o ie,ls,su;a u jeo.;ah'
fYaIfhka t<j j.df i;aj fmdfydr i|yd ,efnkafka
iqfYaI ia:dkhls' i;aj fmdfydrj, fndfyda g olakg
,efnk je Ydl fmdaIl m%udKh yd fjk;a lreKq f i|yd
fya ; = we;' tfia u fndfyda m% f oa Y j, i;a j fmdfydr
myiqfjka fidhd .ekSug yelsuo f i|yd n,md ;sf'
i;a j fmdfydrj,g wu;rj" ldnks l fmdfydr f,i

fldfmdaia fmdfydr jqjo idr:lj Nd;d lrkq ,nk
wjia:d tugh'
i;aj fmdfydr f,i l=l,

= a fmdfydr" f.du fmdfydr" fn%dhs,r
fmdfydr" t fmdfydr" W!re fmdfydr yd jjq,a fmdfydr
wdh idr:lj Nd;dl, yels nj mrfhaIK u.ska fmkajd
we;' kuq;a f.du yd l=l=,a fmdfydr" t<j j.djka i|yd
je jYfhka Nd;d lrkq ,nk ldnksl fmdfydr j._ folls'
61
tfiau iuyr m%foaYj, t<j j.dj i|yd jiqkla f,i msre

fhdod .kakd wjia:d o olakg ,ef' f.j;=j, t<j j.d
lsf fld< fmdfydr Nd;dl,o jdc ugka t<j
j.dlrk wjia:dj, th t;r m%dfhda.sl fkdf'
fhh hq;= m%udK

Wvrg t<j fnda. i|yd l=l,
= a fmdfydr" fn%dhs,r fmdfydr"
t fmdfydr" W!re fmdfydr" jjq,a fmdfydr yd h,s f.du
hkdh wlalrhlg fgdka 4 la muK tla lkakhl fhu
iEfya' fuh o< jYfhka fmdfydr u 150-200 la muK
ixLHdjl wvx.= m%udKhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' Wvrg t<j
fnda. i|yd jrlg foda;lska .;yels m%udKhla ne.ska
fhfuka tu m%udKh ,ndh yel' fndfyda g f;; f.du
yd f.du iu fjk;a ;Kfld< frdvq wdh Y% we;sg
wlalrhlg fgdka 8-10 la muK jqjo Nd;dl< yelsh' th
o< jYfhka idudkH g%elagr f,da 4-5 la muK mqrjd .;ag
,efnk m%udKhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'
my;rg t<j fnda. j._jk jegfld" mf;da," nKavlald
jeks oE i|yd jqjo by; i|ykal, ldnksl fmdfydr Nd;d
l, yelsh' flfia kuq;a" wiajekak i|yd ,efnk <" fnda.
us k a Wrd.ka k d fmda I l m% u dKh yd wia j kq m% u dKh
ie,ls,,
a g .ekSf Wvrg t<j fnda.j,g fh m%udKfhka
wvl muK m%udKhla tk" wlalrhlg fgdka 2 la muK
fhu m%dfhda.l
s fukau wdr:l
s jo jdisodhlh' fuh fmdfydr
u jYfhka ie,lSf fmdfydr u 80-100 la muK f' wuq
f.du fhdok wjia:df g%elagr f,da 2 - 2 1$2 la muK f'
my;rg t<j fnda. j._jk jegfld" mf;da, yd lr,
wdh je mr;rhlska isgj
q k neka tla j,lg o< jYfhka
lsf,da 1 la fyda foda;j,a 4 la muK fhu l<hq;= f'
hr fmdfydr
hr fmdfydr hkq fmdaIH modr: djKhla f,i m;% u;g
biSfuka ,ndfokq ,nk fmdfydr j._ f' t<j j.d i|yd
hr fmdfydr Nd;h lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j uska
ksrfoaYlr ke;;a" wo th f.dka w;r ckms%h ms<sfj;la
we;'
f wkaoug fnda.hlg ,ndh yels Ydl fmdaIl m%udKh
b;du;a w,amh' kuq;a fndfydag hr fmdfydrj, uq,sl"
oa;sl yd wxY= ud;% uQ,jH .Kkdjla wka;r.;jk wjia:d
;sf' ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr foj._hu fhdod isl,
l%udkql+, j.djlg" kej; hr fmdfydr fhfuka w;sfrl
jdishla ,nd.; fkdyels nj mrfhaIK u.ska fmkajd we;'
kuq;a fYaIfhka fld, mfNdackhg .kakd t<j fnda.
i|yd" hr fmdfydr fhfuka wiajekafka meyem;a nj
jeu ksid , .ekSf mdfNda.slhd yg je m%shukdm
njla we;sf'
ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr fojr.hu l%udkql+,j
Nd;dl, t<j j.djlg hr fmdfydr fhu wkjYH
jqjo" h wjia:djl ldnksl fmdfydr muKla fyda ridhksl
fmdfydr muKla fyda fhdod t<j j.dlr we;s wjia:dj,
hr fmdfydr fhu m%fhdackj;a h yelsh' flfia jqjo"
tu.ska ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr fojr.hu fhfuka
,nd.ka k d wia j eka k ls i s f ia ; a u ,nd.; fkdyels nj
fYaIfhka i|ykal, hq;=h'
fhh hq;= wjia:dj

t<j j.djka i|yd l=l=,a fmdfydr Nd;dlrk g fnda.
isgqug k 3-4 lg fmr j,j,aj,g ksh; m%udKh fhdod
mi iu l,j lrkak' jrIdj fkdue;s k k 2-3 la muK
c,h fhdokak'
tu.ska t<j cj,g fyda isgjQ l=vd me,j,g fyda l==l=,a
fmdfydr uska isjk ydksh imQrK
fhkau j,ld .; yelsh'
t<j fnda.j,g l=l=,a fmdfydr fhf wyqKq mig
fhu wjYH fkdf' fuh wr;dm,a j.df b;du jeo.;ah'
tk wr;dm,a j.djg l=l
= ,
= a fmdfydr fhg wyqKq fhu
is fkdl, hq;=h' tfia fkdl< fyd;a" wr;dm,a w, iale
frda.hg md;%h yelsh' fufia l=l=,a fmdfydr fhu ksid
w yqKq i|yd jehjk uqo, imQrKfhkau b;slr.;
yelsjk w;r" fuh l=l=,a fmdfydr fhfuka ,nd.; yels
w;sfrl jdishla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'
62
t<j wmf;a hdu j,ld .ekSu

f.dka iska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk t<j r neyer
m%foaYj, isk mdfNda.slhska w;g m;ajk g" tajdfha
;Fjh fndfyda fihska rj, u wm rf nyq, jYfhka
isjk fohls' tmuKla fkdj fufia ksmojk t<j j,ska
20]-30] olajd m%udKhla wmf;a hhs'
fuf,i wiajkq fk wjia:df isg mdfNda.slhd w;g
m;ajk ;=re isjk ydks ish,a, miq wiajkq ydks f,i ykajkq
,ef'
f ksid f.dhd yg b;d wvq uqo,lg ;u ksIm
a d;hka wf,
lsug isjk w;r" mdfNda.slhd yg Yd, <la f.jd
wjYH t<j , .eksug isf'
Yd, jYfhka isjk miq wiajkq ydkshg m%Odk jYfhka
fya;=jk idOl lSmhls' c,h msgu ksid nr wvqu" fu"
;e,S yd iS isu" l=K
q u hkdh f w;=ka m%Odk ;ekla
.kS' flfia fj;;a fufia miq wiajkq ydksh ksid wmf;a hk
m%udKh flfrys fmr wiajkq idOl o fndfyda g n,mEula
we;s lrhs'
fmr wiajkq idOl f,i ykajkq ,nkafka wiajkq fk,Sug
fmr fCIa;f% ha meje;s ;Fjhkah' wl%uj;a fmdfydr Nd;h"
wvq c,imdokh" wl wdr;djh iy fjk;a whym;a j.d
md,k l%u wiajekafkys ;Fjh flfrys wys;lr n,mE we;s
lrhs' fmr wiajkq idOl ukd f,i md,khlr" Wiia miq
wiajkq ;dCIK l%u wkq.ukh lsfuka wmf;a hk t<j
m%udKh fndfyda rg wvqlr .; yelsh'
wiajkq fk,sh hq;= wjia:d

l
;lald,s wiajkq fk,Sug jvd;a iqiq wjia:dj jkafka

f.fhys r;= meyeh wju jYfhka 50] la j;a olakg ,efnk
gh' wiajkq fk,Sf kgqj f.hg i ;sfnk m
fk,Sul, hq;=h' kgqj fjka jqjfyd;a we;sjk ;=jd,h ksid
tu ia:dkfhka l=Kqug bv ;sf' kgqj iu fk ;lald,s
fkd.eUqre ,S fm fyda ma,diala l+vdj, weisu l, hq;=hs'
fk,d .ekSfuka miqj yels;dla rg myrKh lrk jdr
.Kk wvq lsfuka ;lald,sj, miq wiajkq ydksh wvqlr .;
yelsh'
l
uE" fndax jeks t<j fndfyda g kdia;s jkafka fu

isjk ksidh' <m wjia:df fk,Sfuka fu isjk
f.h wvqlr .; yelsh' tneka fuu t<j j._ fol lrf,a
. Wmu ugug m;a jQ jydu wiajkq fk,Su iqiqh' lr,
msfrk ;=re ishfyd;a blauka fu isjk neka wmf;a
hk m%udKh jef'
<mj fk,d.;a g" je lr,a .Kkla iEfok neka

f.dhdg ;u j.dfjka ,efnk uq wiajekak jelr .;
yelsh'
l
nKavlald lr,a" Wmu .g meug k follg muK

fmr fk,d .ekSfuka fu ksid wmf;a hk m%udKh wvqlr
.; yelsh' <mj wiajkq fk g k follg jrla ne.ska
wiajkq fk,sh yels w;r" tg bvfuka ,efnk uq wiajkq
m%udKh je f'
l jegfld" mf;da," lr, hk t<j wiajkq fk,Sug jvd
iqiq jkafka tu M, ^lr,a& Wmu .g m;ajk wjia:df

h' M, ms f wjia : dj ola j d fk,S u mud l,fyd;a
jegfldj, fu o" mf;da," lr,j, bu o blauka u
ksid fj<| w.h wvqu iy wdydrhg kqiq iq ;;ajhg m;au
isf' jegfld iy lr, ma,diala nkaj, weish yels
w;r" mf;da,j, ueo l=yrhla we;s neka ;e,Su isjqjfyd;a
myiqfjka msmsug bv ;sf' tneka l=vd m%udKfha
jYfhka weisu l, yelsh'
l
jngqj, M,fhys Wmu .g m;a jQ g" th fk,Sug

jvd;a iqiq wjia:dj f' M, msu olajd ishfyd;a fu
isjk ksid ;Fjh my< hhs' <m wjia:df wiajkq fk
g .=ld,Skj bvfuka ,efnk wiajekak jeu f.dhdg
jvd jdisodhl f' fufia fk,k ,o M, ma,diala wiqrkj,
wiqrd m%jdykhl, yelsh'
l
i,do i|yd msm[

s [
a d fhdod .eksug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
k" b;d ,m wjia:df wiajekak fk,d .; hq;=h' f
i|yd M,h imQrK ug fmr fk,d .; hq;=h' msiSu i|yd
Nd;d lrkafka k ;rula frE wjia:dj jvd iqiqh' flfia
jqjo msg fmd;a; Uqre meye .ekaug m%:u wiajkq fk,Su
jeo.;ah'
63
" fkdaflda,a" rdnq jeks t<j ksh; k .Kkg miq

tk" ksis m fudard we;sg wiajkq fk,Sfuka .=Kd;aul
nka je iy Wiia ;Fjfhka hq;a wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'
fuu t<j j._ h ka y s wia j kq fk,k g" Ydlj, m;%
fkdlefvk m .,jd .; hq;=h' uv bj;a lsu i|yd w,
muKla c,fhka fiau jvd;a iqiqh' m;% fkd;ef,k m
weisu u.ska fuu t<jj, Wiia ;Fjh k lSmhla wdrCId
lr.; yelsh'
fkdl, hq;=hs' ma,diala nka ks;r msis l, hq;= w;r"

weiqre lsis fgl;a wjg fyda jeiaig ksrdjrKh fkdl<
hq;=h'
l f.dajdj, f.h fydka je we;sg wiajekak fk,Sul,
hq;=h' jfg msys m;% lsmhla iu m%jdykh lsfuka

f.hg isjk hdka;s%l ydks fndfyda rg wvqlr .; yelsh'
l
,Slaia Ydlh fydka jrOkh jQ g" m;% fkdlefvk m

.,jd uq,a fldgi muKla c,fhka fidaod uv bj;al, yelsh'
;olr neu fkdl< hq;=hs'
l
ud ia lr, jrOkh jQ g wiajekak fk,sh hq;=h'

fu je jQ g blauka bfok neka ksh; wjia:df
wiajekak fk,Su jeo.;ah'
l
uql=Kqjekak" lxl=x" f.dgqfld< jeks fld< t<j fug

m%:u wiajekak fk,sh hq;h
= ' fk fld< fCIa;f% hau ne|
f;;ukh bj;afkdjk fia ;eh hq;=h'
fk,k wjia:df ie,ls,su;a u

iEu t<jjlau Wofha ms yskq miq wiajkq fk,Su jvd;au
W;h' fld< t<j fCIa;%fha ;rula fyandk f;la isg
fkjfyd;a weisf iy m%jdykfha we;sjk ydksh wvqlr
.; yelsh' lsisu wjia:djl fk,k ,o t<j" fCIa;%fha
mia iu .eug ie,eiau iqiq ke;' mia ;ejqreKq g ta
iu fkdfhl= ; a ,S r yd nela hd frda . ldrl ka
we;=,aug mqjk'
wiajkq fk,sf r f,i t<j myrKh fkdlrkak' yels
blauka fk,k ,o t<j fijk iys; ia:dkhlg /f.k
hkak'
fYa% lsu
f;au iy j._ lsu fCIa;%fha wksjdrhfhkau l, hq;=h'
m<uqjeks iy fojeks mka;sh jYfhka u;=msg fmkqu wkqj
j._l, yelshs' j._lr lsfuka jemqr wdodhula ,nd.;
yelsjkjd fukau" m%jdyk ydks iy f,v frda. ksid isjk
ydks o wju lr.; yelsh'
weisu
iEu t<jjlau isre iys; ma,diala l+vdj, fyda ,E,sj,ska
;kk ,o fmj, fyda wiqrkak' tu.ska t<jj, ;Fjh
wdrCId lr.; yelsh' weisf r f,i t<j myrKh
fkdl< hq;= w;r" wkjYH f,i ;olr Ndckhl weisu
bfok m<;=re iu. ;eu

t<jj,g t;s,Ska jdhqf n,mEu b;du;au wys;lr f'
bfok ;lald,s" flfi,a" wU" w,sfmarj,ska fuu jdhqj msgf'
;djld,sl .nvd ia:dkhl fyda fuu m<;=re" t<j iu
;efuka m<;= r ej,s k a ms g jk t;s , S k a jdhq j g t<j
ks r djrKh f' tfia j q j fyd;a fu bla u ka u" fld<
lymeye u" bu iy t<j kdY hEug o by<
m%jK;djhla we;' tneka m%jdykfha mjd t<j m<;=re
iu Y% fldg m%jdykh lsfuka je<lSu jvd;a W;h'
hdka;s%l ydks
ksjer ff wjia:df" m%fYfuka hq;=j ksis ;;aj
md,khla hgf;a wiajekak fk,k ,o t<j j._ i|yd f,v
frda. je<f yelshdj b;d wvqh' flfia fj;;a wiajkq
fk,Sf" weisf iy m%jdykfha isjk ;e,S" iS jeks
hdka;l
%s ydks ksid f,v frda. je<u isf' tksid f,v frda.
urokh i|yd wksjdrfhkau hdka;s%l ydks isu je<elah
hq;=h'
t<j m%jdykh lsf m%fYfuka weisul, hq;=h' rd;S%
ld,fha fyda Woh ld,fha m%jdykh lsfuka wl f,i
WIaKFjh by<hEu j,lajd .; yelshs' ;jo m%jdykfha
wfjka iy jeiafika wdrCId lr.; hq;=h' jdykh iqug
f,i meofuka m%jdykfha we;sjk ydks wvqlr .; yelsh'
tfiau nEuo m%fYfukal, hq;=h'
wm rfgys t<j ksIm
a dokh wjqreoao uq,af,au isjk neka
YS; ldurj, .= l,la .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu wkjYHh'
fndfyduhla t<j i;s 2 la fyda 3 lg je ld,hla .nvdlr
;nd.; fkdyelsh' tfia .nvd l,o oeug isjk wu;r
hou ksid wdr:l jdisodhl ;Fjhla f.k fkdfoa' jvd;au
iqiq l,amh jkafka wjdrfha ksIamdokh lsug ie,iq
lsuhs'
64

Elawalu Wagawa

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Elawalu Wagawa

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t<j j.

lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f m%ldYKhls

Woe,a,lska fyda g%elagrhla udr.fhka fyda u fmr,d" ug

fuu m%fNaofha M, ;o omdg ,sfik iajNdjhlska yd .e

fuu m% f Na o fha M," omdg b iys ;h' ;rula ms nqkq

fuu m%fNaoh nelahd ysgquerSug Tfrd;a;= fok" o

;jdka ms<sfh, lsrSu

me, isgqug fmr

j,a me,E md,kh

jngq i|yd fydka ysret<sh ,efnk ia:dkhl ieliQ Wia

h, lkakfha jrIdj ,eu;a iu yd uy lkakfha wl

ngq j.djg ydksodhl m%Odk;u frda.h nelahd ysgu

u,a yd f. yg.;a wjia:df iqiq lD kdYlhla biSfuka

miq wiajkq lghq;=

jegfld b;d ckms%h t<j fnda.hls' th my;rg h<s"

f;;a l,dmfha jir mqrdu o" h<s l,dmfha uy lkakfha o

fuh kj ksrf oaY;

j,a me,E md,kh

jegfldj,g we;af;a fkd.eUqre uQ, moaO;shls' tksid j,a

ilid.;a j,j,aj,g fydka rdm;ajQ ldnksl fmdfydr

me, ;=kS lsrSu

m<;=re ueiaidf.a lSghska iska

je,a mqyqKq lsrSu

YS% ,dxlslhka w;r ckms%h t<j fnda.hla jk mf;da,

fylaghdrhlg - lsf,da .%E 4 ls'

my; i|yka wkaoug ridhksl fmdfydr fhdod j.dfjka je

;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

ilid.;a jf,ys tls f klg ;rula ka c 3 muK

me, ;=kS lsrSu

j,a me,E md,kh

c me, i;s 2 muK .;jQg tla j,l ksfrda.s me, 2

fnda.fha uq,a wjia:df j,ame, md,kh ms<n

je,a mqyqKq lsrSu

gr 2 muK Wi Yla;su;a mkao,ulg je,a fhduq lrkak'

c m%frdaykhjk f;la km;du mdfyaa c,h imhkak' bkamiq

isgqjd k 60 - 75 wiajkq fk,Su wdrNl< yelsh' k 4

lr,a ;=, b,a ueiaidf.a lSghd iska islrk ydksh ksid

fk,d.;a lr,aj,g ;=jd,u j,ld .ekSu i|yd ,Kq mere

mf;da, j.djka i|yd hmqia frda.h yd ms mqia frda.h oreKq

lr, wm rfgys b;d ckmsh

uqyq ugf isg gr 1200 muK Wia jQ m%foaY olajd fuh

uOHu m%udKfha ,d fld< meye;s lr,a u;=mg

ldnksl jH nyq," fydka c,h neihk mia jvd iqiqh'

;rula Yd, lr,a iq-fld< meye;sh' lr,a u;=mg

fylaghdrhlg lsf,da .%e 6 ls'

j.djg m%udKj;ajk m mfiys f;;ukh ksis f,i mj;ajd

j,a me,E md,kh

fikagr 20 - 30 muK .eUqrg mi fmr,d leg fmdlr

fuu c w;r ;rul mr;rhla ;sh hq;=h' c me, i;s

je,a mqyqKq lsu

lrf,a jrOkfha kEu wjia:djl fuu ydksh we;sh

;s%;aj iqmr hqfha

je,a wjg fmd<j frlalhlska weiaiSfuka ms<d wjia:dj

fuu lDhdf.a lSghd lr, je, ;=, isg islrk ydksh

fydka je fudard we;s wjia:df lr,a fk,d.kak' j.djg

fylaghdrhlg fgdka 20 muK wiajekakla ,nd.; yelsh'

O wdldrfha mia j._ mj;sk bvj, msms[a j.dl,

bvf j,ame, bj;alr fika gr 30 x 30 x 30 m%udKfha

j,a me, md,kh

me, ;=kS lsrSu

jevqk l=rehd iska m;% yd u,a

jevq k lDhd iy lS g hd m;%

m;% f ha h me;a f ;a w meye;s cdKq oels h yels h '