PRACTICE 1 BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY 1

PURPOSE 1. Knowing the body fluid compartments 2. Knowing the mechanism of passive transport (osmosis and diffusion) 3. Understanding the formula to calculate the needs of body fluids / day THEORETICAL BASIS Human body fluid homeostasis Cell is the basic function unit of the human body. In order for the body's cells can perform their individual tasks, needed a stable environment, including maintenance of a steady supply of nutrients and metabolic waste disposal continuously. Careful regulation of body fluids can help ensure a stable internal environment.

Fluid Compartments a. Intracellular Fluid Intracelluler fluid is a liquid contained in the cell. In adults, approximately two thirds of the body fluid is intracellular (approx. 25 L) on an average adult (70 kg). Only half of the baby's body fluid is intracellular fluid b. Extraselluler Fluid Extracellular fluid is the fluid outside the cell. Relative size of the extracellular fluid decreases with increasing age. In newborns approximately of body fluids contained in the extracellular fluid. After 1 year of age relative volume of extracellular fluid decreased to approximately 1 / 3 of total volume. Extracellular fluid is divided into: 1. Interstitial fluid: fluid surrounding the cells, together with approximately 8 L in adults. Lymphatic fluids included. Intrerstitial fluid volume in the newborn is almost 2 X is greater than in adults 2. Intravascular fluid: The fluid contained in the blood vessels. Intravascular fluid volume in children is relatively the same as adults. Adult blood volume of an average of 5-6 L, 3 L it is a plasma. The rest consisted of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. 3. Transeluler fluid: The fluid contained in a special cavity of the body. Examples include liquid transeluler cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial, pleural, synovial, and intraocular fluid and gastric secretion

Figure 1. Body fluid compartments and Volume Factors influencing the movement of water and solutes 1. Membrane Each fluid compartments separated by a permeable membrane that selectively allows movement of water and some solutes. Semipermeable membrane covers: - The cell membrane: intracellular fluid separates from the liquid intertisial, and consists of lipids and proteins - Capillary membrane: separates the intravascular fluid and fluid intertisial - Epithelial membrane: separates intertisial fluid and intravascular fluid from the fluid transeluler 2. Transport processes In addition to the selectivity of membranes, water movement and solute is determined by several transport processes. - Diffusion: the random movement of particles in all directions through the solution or gas. Particles move from areas of high concentration to areas with low concentrations along the concentration gradient. Examples of diffusion is the movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs to the blood of pulmonary capillaries. - Active Transport: Movement of substance from an area of concentration is lower than or equal to an area with a concentration equal to or greater. Examples of active transport: the movement of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, glucose and amino acids. Active transport is important to maintain the uniqueness of both the composition of extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid - Filtration: The movement of water from the solute from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure created by heavy liquids. Important in regulating fluid filtration out of the arterial end of capillary

Osmosis: Movement of water through a semipermeable membranes from an area of low solute concentration to an area with higher concentation.Osmosis solute concentrations can occur across all of membranes when the concentration of solute on both turns. The following terms are connected by osmosis 1. Osmotic pressure: the amount of hydrostatic pressure needed to stop the osmotic flow of water. 2. Oncotic pressure: osmotic pressure generated by the colloid (protein). 3. Osmotic diuresis: an increase in urine caused by substances such as mannitol, glucose or contrast media are excreted in the urine and reduce renal water reabsorption

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Water Sugar water Clear glass Ink Clear tube or Hose which restricted by egg membrane Scales

PROCEDURE 1. Diffusion experiments a. Fill a clear glass with plain water b. Apply a drop of ink into the glass c. Note the changes that occur 2. Osmosis experiment a. Stir sugar into the clear tube or hose which restricted by egg membrane b. Enter a hose filled with water into a clear glass of plain water c. Note the changes in height of water in the hose

3. Calculate the needs of body fluids per day a. Approximately two to three men took turns trying to weigh b. Calculate their body needs fluids per day QUESTIONS 1. Describe and explain the scheme of body fluid compartments! Answer :

2. Give an example of the role of diffusion and osmosis in maintaining physiological functions in the body! Answer :

3. Calculate the body fluids of a man weighing 64 kg for 48 hours! Answer:

4. What do you know about edema? Answer :

5. Calculate your body's fluid needs during each 24 hours! Answer :