Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Back ground
ILOs efforts to standardize principles governing industrial relation through conventions and recommendations.
cont
If both the management and the workers understand and apply the techniques of human relations to industrial relations then it is beneficial for both of them leading to following results:
Workers are to achieve greater job satisfaction, develop greater involvement in their work and achieve a measure of identification of their objectives with the objectives of the organization. Management will also get greater insight and effectiveness in the work leading to industrial progress
Socio-ethical approach
This approach is not widely accepted It holds that industrial relations to great extent depends on ethics of the people involved in it. For maintenance of good Industrial relations both the labour and management should realize their moral responsibility and greater understanding of each others problem Example - Scandinavian approach.
Socio-ethical approach
contd..
The goal of labour management relations is ensuring maximum productivity, leading to rapid economic development This goal can be achieved by adequate understanding among employers, workers and the government, of each others role in industry and willingness among parties to co-operate as partners in the industrial system.
Gandhian approach -
contd
Worker has right to strike This right has to be exercised in a just cause, and in a peaceful and non-violent manner It should be resorted to only after the employer fail to respond to their moral appeals Disputes between employers and labourers are to be resolved non-violent means. Non-co- operation amounts to peaceful strikes
Principles of Aparigraha
Individual does not have any right to hold or use wealth in disregard of the interest of society The character of production is to be determined by social necessity rather than by personal whims or greed.
Trusteeship
There is no room for conflict of interest between the capitalist and labourers.
Social composition
Workforce was generally provided by lowest castes, depressed classes. Present trend
Sex composition
Participation of women in socioeconomic activities is a common practice in developed as well as developing countries of the world. Position in India Domination of male workers in earlier stages Womens right to work Constitutional provisions
Tribal labour
Exploitation of forest resources
Heterogeneity of of labour
Division on the basis of caste, communities, ethnic group, religion, language, s
General labour unions Combination of intellectual labour like All India teachers association, all India Bank Employees Association, National federation of Indian Railwaymen, All-India Medical doctors association
Labour unions are relatively permanent association of workers and are not temporary or casual Trade unions are association engaged in securing economic benefits for its members. The character of trade unions has been constantly changing The origin and growth of trade union have been influenced by a number of ideologies
Reformist union ..
Improving working conditions by enforcing safety measures Try to generate increased purchasing power Seek to dignify labour by forcing upon public and its leaders a recognition of the importance of labour in modern society
Revolutionary unions
Aim at destroying the present structure completely and replacing it with new and different institutions. They seek to destroy capitalist industry and abolish the wage system and private property, to put an end to a society based primarily upon competition and individual rights, and substitute some other system,
Craft union
Organizations of workers employed in a particular craft or trade Such unions link together those workers who have similar skills, craft training and specialization They are mostly found amongst non-manual employees and professional workers The members are craft-conscious than class conscious. These unions aim at safeguarding the interests of the members against the onslaughts of employers. they provide only the barest minimum of associative integration.
Staff union
It refers to both craft and industrial unions.
Industrial unions
Industrial unions are organisation of workers Common bond is the industry They include all type of workers Organised upon an industry wise rather than a craft wise basis. Solidarity among them is due to class conciousness.
General unions
Organisations which covers various industries and labourers having different types of skills Objectives of these unions are allembracing in character They have numerical superiority They are open to all classes of workers
Internal problems
Migratory character Heterogeneous character Poor economic condition Illiterate labour Ineffective leadership Lack of unity among different federations. Low membership Low standard of life
External problems
Problems with respect to recognition Political pressures Out dated labour law Impact of changing industrial scenario
Cancellation of registration
On the application Suo motu
Registration obtained by fraud and mistake Trade union ceased to exit. Contravention of provision of trade Act
Collective bargaining
Introduction Concept of collective bargaining Definition of collective bargaining
Causes of grievances
Matters like discipline and dismissal Payment of wages and fringe benefits Working time, over-time entitlements Promotion, demotion and transfer Rights deriving from seniority Obligations relating to safety and health as laid down in the agreement
Standing order
Meaning Objects of standing orders Model standing orders Types of punishments under standing orders Law dealing with standing orders
Disciplinary proceedings
Industrial disputes
Arbitration
Adjudication
conciliation
Conciliation
definition
Conciliation officer
Meaning Appointment Procedure Powers Functions of conciliation officers Duties of conciliation officer
Board of conciliation
Constitution of board of conciliation Duties of Board Commencement and conclusion of conciliation proceedings Persons on whom settlement is binding Period of operation of settlement
Adjudication
Meaning of adjudication Constitution of adjudicating authority Judges of labour courts Jurisdiction of labour courts Duties of labour courts
Industrial tribunal
Constitution Judges of tribunal Jurisdiction Functions of tribunals
National tribunal
Constitution Presiding officer of national tribunal Jurisdiction Procedure Powers Finality of orders of national tribunal
Arbitration
Definition of arbitration Voluntary arbitration Reference to arbitrator Selection of arbitrator Arbitration agreement Publication of arbitration agreement Jurisdiction of arbitrator
Arbitration - continued
Procedure before the arbitrator Functions of arbitrator Commencement of arbitration proceedings Status of arbitrator Award of arbitrator Exclusion of the arbitration Act