Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KEY CONCEPTS
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
ID EGO SUPEREGO
PLEASURE REALITY MORAL
INBORN EXECUTIVE LEARN FROM
PARENTS &
SOCIETY
UNCONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS
ID
the primary source of psychic energy
and the seat of the instincts.
Ruled by pleasure principle
Aimed at reducing tension, avoiding
pain and gaining pleasure
Largely unconscious or out of
awareness.
Ego
The “executive” that governs, controls and
regulates the personality.
Mediates between the instincts and the
surrounding environment
Ruled by reality principle
Does realistic and logical thinking and
formulates plans of action for satisfying
needs.
Check and control the blind impulse of the id.
Superego
person’s moral code
Serve as the judicial branch of personality
Represent ideal rather than reality
Strive for perfection but not pleasure
CONSCIOUSNESS AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS
3. Reaction formation
To actively express the opposite impulse
Do not have to face the anxiety by doing so
4. Projection
self-deception consists of attributing to
others one’s own unacceptable desires
and impulse
5. Displacement
Rechanneling of energy from one object
to another, especially from a threatening
object to a “safer target
6. Rationalization
Making good (logical) reasons to explain away
a bruised ego
Help softening the blow connected with
disappointments
7. Sublimation
Diverting sexual or aggressive energy into
socially acceptable channels
8. Regression
The retreat to an earlier stage of development
because of fear
9. Introjection
Taking in and “swallowing” the values and
standards of others
10. Identification
Enhances self-worth and protects one from a
sense of being failure
11. Compensation
Masking perceived weaknesses or developing
certain positive traits to make up for
limitations
Can have direct adjustive value
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
Comparison of Freud’s Psychosexual Stage and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage
PERIOD OF
FREUD ERIKSON
LIFE
0~1 Oral Stage Infancy: Trust VS Mistrust
Early Childhood: Autonomy VS
1~3 Anal Stage
Shame and doubt
3~6 Phallic Stage Preschool age: Initiative VS Guilt
6~12 Latency Stage School age: Industry VS Inferiority
Adolescence: Identity VS Role
12~18 Genital Stage
Confusion
Genital Stage Young Adulthood: Intimacy VS
18~35
Continues Isolation
1. Oral stage(0-1)
Mouth and lips are sensitive erogenous
zones, sucking produces erotic pleasure for
the infant
Lacking of enough food may lead to
greediness and acquisitiveness
Fear of reaching out to others, rejection of
affection
Fear of love and trusting, low self-esteem and
isolation
2. Anal stage(1-3)
Children find pleasure both in withholding and in
expelling feces
These pleasures come into conflict with parents
who are attempting toilet training
The child’s first experience with imposed control
Anal-aggressive personality
Anal-retentive personality
3. Phallic stage(3-6)
Children begin to derive pleasure from fondling
their genitals
They observe the differences between male
and female
Begin to direct their sex impulses toward their
parent
Oedipal complex
Castration anxiety: boy fears his father will
retaliate by castrating him
Electra complex
4. Latency stage(6-12)
New interests replace infantile sexual
impulses
Socialization take place, major structure of
personality are formed
Sexual drive is sublimated to some extent to
activities in school, hobbies, sports, and
friendship with members of the same sex
5. Genital stage (12-60+)
Adolescents develop interest in the opposite
sex
Engage in some sexual experimentation
move out of adolescents and into mature
adult responsibilities
THERAPEUTIC PROCESS
THERAPEUTIC GOALS
Contributions
Provide counselors with a conceptual framework for
looking at behavior
Provide a framework for a dynamic understanding
of the role of early childhood events
The impact of these experiences on the
contemporary struggles faced by clients
Limitation & Criticism
Time consume
Lack of problem solving skill
Lack of external forces, eg. Society, culture