Merancang Kapal (Boat Plans)

KAPAL KAYU (WOODEN CRAFT)

Tentukan Ukuran Utama Kapal

Buat Desain Lengkap Rangka Kapal

FERROCEMENT CRAFT

Boat Plan Components

A complete set of plans for the construction of a fishing boat will probably vary from one designer to another, but should include at least the following drawings for a ferrocement fishing boat: 1. Lines plan and offset table 2. Hull construction profile and plan 3. Hull section/frame detail 4. General ferrocement reinforcement details 5. General arrangement profile and plan 6. Sterngear and liner tube details 7. Rudder gear and liner tube details 8. Fuel tank(s) construction details 9. Water tank(s) construction details 10. Deck construction 11. Superstructure profile plan and details 12. Fish hold construction details 13. Hydrostatics and Stability curves

Lines Plan

Site
There are therefore various considerations to take into account prior to site acquisition: A. Budget allocated: Is it sufficient for outright purchase or for rent? How are these costs to be viewed, eg as an investment, recoverable on overheads, etc. B. Vessels: Type, quantity, and size of vessels to be constructed at any one time. C. Fitting out: Whether completion or part completion, hulls only, or a combination of these is envisaged. D. Size of site: Allowing for construction, machinery, material storage, offices, transport and/or launching, consideration of production expansion at a later date. E. Location: To river, sea or lake. F. Moving: Launching and/or transport facilities. G. Amenities available: Electricity, water, etc. H. Availability of materials: Local and/or distant. J. Access: Road, rail, river, sea, air. K. Product marketing: Area of access, range of product needed to fulfil required volume of sales. L. Classification Society: Surveyor easily available.

Workshop Layout
Flooring A reinforced concrete floor, incorporating suitable drains to remove excess curing water (if this method of curing is to be utilized). The floor should be designed to withstand the local loads applied when jacking and moving the size of vessel to be constructed. It is advisable at this stage to incorporate suitably located dead-men in the floor, to facilitate easy movement of the boats around the workshop. Building framework The building framework should ideally be designed to allow for the use of hanging tie rods to support the boat's reinforcement both prior to and during casting and curing, if this method of construction is adopted. As well as indifferent use whilst lifting engines, deck equipment, etc. Building height The height of the eaves of the building should be sufficient for ease of working on the sizes of vessels to be built. This may vary from the ferrocement workshop to the fitting out workshop if composite construction is envisaged. Also, free air ventilation in hot climates must be allowed for whilst being able to nullify the affect of wind or draughts during the casting stage. In cold climates extractor fans for removal of welding fumes, etc. will be required

Roof trusses In the ferrocement workshop, it is convenient if the trusses are designed so that adjustable longitudinal RSJ's may be located to suit hanging tie rods for the construction phase of the hulls. Building cladding Suitable cladding and construction materials, and insulation to offset the effects of heat or cold, should be incorporated in the building. This may be one of the requisites of a classification society. Material storage Suitable covered storage for materials should be allowed for, including the proper racking and storage of steel, mesh, cement and sand, as well as following manufacturers' recommendations regarding storage and treatment of materials to be held in stock. Access Adequate access should be provided for receiving materials and for allowing free movement of personnel around the working areas (fire and safety precautions). Movement Adequate access and space for moving the craft to water, whether by slipway, road, or other means, should be allowed for. Machinery and equipment Due consideration should be paid to space for machinery and equipment required not only during the ferrocement phase of construction, but also for fitting out where a variety of different materials may be considered for use including perhaps timber, steel and fibreglass. Covered space Sufficient covered space including adequate structures for offices, toilet facilities, lofting and frame making, should be taken into account.

Services
Electricity Although ferrocement craft can be constructed without electricity, it will normally be a requirement to have sufficient power available for the use of welders, grinders, drills, lights, vibrating equipment, as well as for machinery required for fitting out, including in-house engineering. This may mean, dependent on equipment, 3-phase as well as single phase electricity supply being available in 120/240/440 volts as applicable. Water Good clean and potable quality water should be available. Ice If possible in hot climates, a local supply of ice made from potable quality water would be advantageous in the casting process. Gas Availability of gas for use in oxyacetylene equipment. Hire/Rent/Lease Some items of service and/or equipment may be hired, rented, or leased if outright purchase is not appropriate

Teknologi VMS Merupakan Bentuk Fasilitas Service Kapal

MATERIALS USED IN FERROCEMENT CONSTRUCTION 4.1 Frame rods 4.2 Rod reinforcement 4.3 Mesh reinforcement 4.4 Staples and lacing wire 4.5 Welding rods 4.6 Cement 4.7 Sand 4.8 Admixtures 4.9 Jointing compounds 4.10 Water

4.1 Frame rods The ideal rod to use is a cold worked high yield (CWHY) rod to British Standard (B.S) 4461 although both plain bars and deformed bars may be used. The latter may be more difficult to use when welded by inexperienced people. 4.2 Rod reinforcement For use in the hull shell, deck floors, bulkheads and stiffening webs or girders; ideally should be a semi-bright hard-drawn (SBHD) rod of 6 and 8 mm diameter for concrete reinforcement to BS 4482. Mild steel rod to BS 15 may also be used but in practice will require closer frame spacing or support to prevent being bent out of shape during construction and/or distortion by welding.

4.3 Mesh reinforcement The ideal mesh is a 13 x 13 mm x 19 gauge (1 mm) welded mesh to BS 4482. Although meshes of 18-22 gauge can be used, 19 gauge will prove to be the best from a practical point of view. In colder, less humid climates, it may be used ungalvanised; in semitropical/tropical it will need to be galvanised 4.4 Staples and lacing wire Staples and lacing wire are best made from 1.6 mm or 16 gauge plain degreased annealed mild steel lacing wire. This can be purchased in 25 kg reels and cut on a suitable jig to provide either 30 mm or 40 mm length staples to suit single and double rod construction, with the legs of the staples set at a width to suit the size of mesh being used. 4.5 Welding rods The normal gauge of welding rod required will be 10 swg or 3.25 mm, although small quantities of other gauges will also be used. Welding rods are of general purpose, all angle type, and should be cared for in compliance with the manufacturers advice and good practice.

4.6 Cement The cement to use is usually ordinary Portland. However, a rapid hardening Portland cement may be used in cold climates. Sometimes a sulphate resistant Portland cement is used, either wholly or in part mixed with ordinary Portland against sulphate attack, although as most vessels are protected by marine paints and antifouling, its use is hardly necessary. If the cement is used with admixtures, care should be exercised in compatibility. All cements are to be to BS 12 or equivalent local standard. Other cements may be considered providing they offer adequate strength, density, and uniform consistency 4.7 Sand The importance of good, clean, well graded sand, cannot be over emphasized if one is to make the high grade impervious mortar required for boatbuilding. The sand will be of a silicious nature and conform to the grading envelope shown in Fig. No. 6. The sand is not to contain sulphates, pyrites, or other chemically active substances in such amounts that the mix is harmed. If sea sand is used, it is to be washed free of any saline compositions. (It is always preferable to use non-saline river sand.) The sand should not contain loose clay or clay which adheres or covers the sand grains. The sand is not to contain humic acid or organic materials in quantities that may be detrimental. Preferably, the sand should be 'sharp' and not contain noncrystalline minerals.

4.8 Admixtures There is such a wide range of admixtures available today that one cannot make recommendation without first testing those chosen. If they are to be employed, care and discretion should be exercised at all times. Three main criteria should be considered when applying admixtures: a) Is the strength of the mortar increased or decreased? b) The effect of the admixture on the steel reinforcement. c) Practicality of use on site and supervision of exact mixing quantities. 4.9 Jointing compounds With the advent of new methods for joining concrete, far more jointing compounds are available for making 'wet' joints in cement structures. It is always best to carry out tests on the potential system before use. For joints in hull construction and repair, a two component epoxy polysulphide resin gives an excellent bond. If this is not obtainable, a cement grout applied judiciously will give better results than some PVA glues that are commonly available to the building construction industry. 4.10 Water Mixing water should comply with the requirements of BS 3148. Water should be potable, clean, and free from harmful salts or foreign materials which may impair the strength and resistance of the mortar. BS 3148 gives details of testing water for concrete by comparing the properties of concrete made with any particular sample of water with those of an otherwise similar concrete made with distilled water; therefore the tests will usually be performed in a laboratory.

MATERIAL TESTING AND PRACTICE 5.1 Compression test 5.2 Slump test 5.3 Taking a sample of cement 5.4 Sand testing and practice 5.5 Water:cement ratio (weight) 5.6 Cement:sand ratio (weight) 5.7 Additional tests

CONSTRUCTION OF A FERROCEMENT HULL 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Design 6.3 Supporting the structure 6.4 Keel, backbone and stem construction 6.5 Frame, web and floor construction 6.6 Setting up the frames 6.7 Sheer or gunwale 6.8 Knuckle line 6.9 Fairing in the frames 6.10 Beamshelf construction 6.11 The hull reinforcement 6.12 Liner tubes for stern gear and rudder gear 6.13 Plummer block supports 6.14 Engine bed construction 6.15 Bilge keels 6.16 Requirements for fitting a nozzle 6.17 Preparatory work prior to casting 6.18 Casting procedure 6.19 Curing the hull 6.20 Water testing and finishing off

Thanks For The Atention