apkvenw kokv skmsskn tImgn-tmSv Pnm Inn 1432 im 27(2011 sk]vXw_ 25) Rmb-dmgvN Fw.-F-kv.-F-kv.

HmU-tm-dn-b-n kwL-Sn-n skan-\m-dn lnPvd Inn

Hm^v Cy Ah-X-cn-np {]_-w.

amk-n-dhn \nWbw Ckvemanse am\-ZWvUw

amkmcw`w Ipdn-p--Xn\v Ckvemw \n-bn-n-cn-pXv \h-N-{s P\-\-am-Wv. CXv
Is-m Fp-am-amWv aXw \nt-in-n-p-Xv F-XmWv Nm-hn-j-bw. lnem
Ip-sImv ImW \n_--am-sW-m-bn-cpp s]mXpsh ASp Imew hscbpm-bncp hnizm-kw. temIv Cu hnjbw Nq-Sp-]n-Sn Nm-hn-j-b-am-hp-Ibpw Bb-Xns ^eambn ]e-Xcw hnizm-k- Dcp-n-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. apkvenw temIw Gsd-psd
AwKo-Ir-X-ambn B{i-bn-p aqssk-nwKv tUmv tImw F sh_vssk-ns \S-n-pIm-c-\mb Ata-cn--bnse Fn-\n-b tUm.-Jm-enZv juv Csa-bn Bbn Abp X
tcJ-b-\p-k-cnv temIv 17 cmPy--fn am{Xta lnem \-t\-{X-Zi\w \n_--am-\Z-WvU-ambn \n-bn-n-p-q. 11 cmPy- IW-p-Iqn \n-bn-p-p.(-I-W-ns am\-ZWvU- hyXy-kvX-am-Wv) 5 cmPy- FhnsS \nv hnhcw Inn-bmepw AXv kzoI-cn-pw.
Ch- bqtdm-]y {IkvXy `qcn-] cmPy--fm-Wv. 43 cmPy- kDuZn Atd-_ysb ]npS-cp-p. kuZn Atd_y IWv kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. kDuZn Atd-_y-bn kqcymkvX-a-b-np apmbn \yqaq Dm-hp-I, kqcym-kvX-ab tijw lnem {]Xy--am-hpI
Fo cp-\n-_--\-I ]qn-bm-bm Ah amk-amw {]Jym-]n-p-p. Npcp--n
"lnem Zi\w' am\-Z-WvU-ambn Ctmgpw AwKo-I-cn-p-Xv Cy, ]mn-m, Ham,
ku.-B-{^n-, Cdm, {ioe-, knw_m-th, kmw_n-b, {Sn\n-Um-Uv, Smkn-b, samkmw-_n-Iv,
samtdm-tm, aem-hn, sI\n-b, Kbm-\, Bkvt{X-enb Fo cmPy- am{X-am-Wv. _mn 59
cmPy- {]tXy-Inpw {]apJ apkvenw cmPy- "Zi\w' Hgn-hm-n-bn-cn-pp Fv \mw
Xncn--dn-tb--Xp-v. ssN\ apX Ata-cnhsc kDu-Znsb AwKo-I-cn-pI am{X-amWv sNpXv Fpw "aXveAv' F XXz-imkv{Xw Xs \ne-hn-en-m-Xm-b-Xmbpw \mw Dsm-t-Xp-v. C-cp-W-n \mw N sNp-Xv efn-X-amb Hcp XXz-im-kv{X-ns imkv{Xob
am\w Fv F-Xp-am-{X-am-Wv.
Akvt{Sm-W-anIv \yqaqtWm {Ik v \yqaqtWm?
amkm-h-km\ Znhkw \yaq kw`-hn-p-p. N{s hr-nb {]Xn-`m-k-n bnp Ah hrn-bpsS Ah--bntev amdp \nan-j-amWv \yqaq. N{s ]Sn-mtdmv eyw-sh-p sImp-I Ing-tm-t-mbn amdp \nan-jw. kqcy\pw `qan-p-an-Sbn ]Sn-m-dp-`m-Kv \npw Ing-p-`m-K-tv N{ adn-I-S-p \nan-jw. Cu \nanjw
IW-p-Iqn ASp Znhkw ]pXp-amkw Bcw-`n-m-sa-mWv lnPvd Inn ]d-bp-Xv.
Fv sImv?
sI.-sP.bp aptmp shbvp- \ntiw kqcym-kvX-ab tijw N{ AkvX-an-p-I,
F{X kabw tijn-pp FXv {]iv\-a-, FXpw Cns\ kqcym-kvX-atijw N{
AkvX-an-p {]tZ-i--fn-semw GIo-I-cnv Hcp Znhkw amkw XpSmw Fp-am-Wv. ta
]d cp {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw Xn FmWp sshcpyw, AX- Fs-nepw kmayaptm Fv At\z-jnp Is-n-bm \p-sS-bn-S-bnse A`n-{]mb hyXym-k- Hcp
]cn-[n-hsc eLq-I-cnmw Fp tXmp-p. Bb-Xn\v JpB\pw kppw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xnp apmbn FmWv {]Ir-Xn-bn kw`-hn-p-Xv Fp \mw a\-n-em-t--Xp-v.
lnem- e ns ZriyX kw_- nv Cv \ne- h n- e p B[n- I m- c n- I sh_v s sk- mb
tUm:JmenZv ju-ns moonsighting.com s\ \apv B{i-bn-mw. {]kvXpX sskn
Fm N{-am-k-n-tbpw \yqaq, lnem-ens kmn-[yw, ZriyX Fnh ImWn-p
Nmp-I sImSp-n-p-v. Ign im amk-ns Nmv Xmsg tNp-p.
1

ta Nmv ]cn-tim-[n-m \apv Xmsg ]d-bp hkvXp-X-I a\-n-em-m-hp--XmWv.

1. \yqaq kw`-hn-p Znhkw Xs lnem {]Xy--am-hp-p.
2. Zriy-ta-J-e-I Hcp cmPy-tbpw ]-W-tbpw F Hcp ]nsb t]mepw cmbn
hn`Pnv IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. BbXv {]Imcw cmbn abpw aZo-\bpw cp-Zn-h-k-n hnpv.
3. hSpw sXpw Zriy-ta-Je hyXymksSp--Xmbpw Iog-tmv Zriy-ta-Je \ofp-Xmbpw ImWp-p.
ta Nmp-I-fn Ahn-izmkw tXmp-pshn \psS Xs Ie--dp-I-fmb i_m_v, Aa-\m, kp-ap-emw Ie--dp-I ]cn-tim-[np t\mmw. 1431 se apl-dw, ZpJ-AZ, 1432 se apl-dw, dP-_v, da-Zm Fo amk--fnse Ah-km-\-Zn-hkw \yqaq kw`-hnp AtX-Zn-hkw tIc-f-n kqcym-kvX-ab tijw lnem Ah-ti-jn-p--Xmbn tcJs-Sp-n-bn-p-v.

kw{Klw
1. Akvt{Sm-W-an- \yaq kw`-hn-p--tXmSp IqSn lnem {]Xy--am-hp-Ibpw
kqcym-kvX-a-b-tijw N{ AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p-v.
2. {Ik v \yqaq F-Xp-sImv Dt-in-p-Xv kqcym-kvX-a-b-tijw N{I-hm-f-n
N{ Dm-hpI F-Xm-sW-n cpw Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw Cspw cpw
Hp-X-s-bm-Wpw a\-n-em-bn.
3. \yqaq Fm t\maq BsW hmZw sXm-Wv. Av N{-\p-v. Ip-sImp
ImWp-I-bn Fp-am-{X-ta-bp-q. \-t\{Xw sImv In F-Xn-\w N{ N{I-hmf-n C-F--.
4. Zriy-ta-Je FXv imkv{Xo-b-a-. Htc-cm-Pyhpw ]-Whpw an-tmgpw cp-Zr-iy-taJ-e-bn hm AXn-w Zriy-ta-Je F am\-ZWvUw aX-n kzoIm-cy-a FpX-s-bm-Wv.
kqaq--en--dpAvbXnln lnPvd In-n-bpsS BZi {]Jym-]-\w.
hn.-Jp.2:189, 36:39 hN-\--fmWv lnPvd In-n-bpsS ASn-m\ XXz-im-kv{Xw. Aln--N-{--e-I--P-\-v s]mXp-hnepw lns Ime-\nW-b-n-p-ap Xnb-Xn-I(-a-hmJo-Xv) ImWn-p-p F {]Jym-]-\w. Hmtcm Znh-khpw N{ ImWnp Xcp AXns
apJw B Znh-k-t-p Xnb-Xn-bm-Wv. Hmtcm lnem-en\pw Hmtcm akn \n-bn-n-p-v.
akn-ens Afhv Ime-\nW-b-n-p IWp Iqm-\p Adn-hv(-Um-)-\Ip-p(10:5).
Aln--bpsS ImgvN-bpsS AS-m-\-n Xnb-Xn-I a\-n-em-p-Ibpw Hmtcm amk-n-dhnbpw \n-bn-p-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Wv.
N{--e-I \nco-Ww \Sn XnX-bn-I a\-n-em-p- coXn lnPvd Inn {]hI ioen-p-Ibpw {]mhn-I-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-cp-p. bmko-\n ]d DPq-\p
JZow ImW CXn {][m-\-am-Wv. Hcp amk-nse Zriy-am-hp Ah-km-\s Ie-bm-Wv
DPq-\p JZow. 7,15,22 Fo Ie-Ifpw {]tXyIw \nco-n-p-p. \mem-as BgvN-bpsS
XpS--n {Ik v cq]-s-Sp Znhkw GXmtWm ASp-mgvN AtX Znhkw ]pXp-amkw
Bcw-`n-p-sa {]IrXn {]Xn-`mkw hnkva-b-I-c-am-Wv. Cns\ N{s\ t\mn XnbXn \nbn-p--Xn-s\-bm-Wv "kqaq-en--dpAvbXnln' F Iev]-\-sImv Dt-in-p--sXv lZokv
kqva-ambn ]Tn-p Bpw \nw-ibw a\-n-em-mw. Cns\ \-t\-{Xw-sImv 28
lnem-ens\ ImWp-Ibpw 29mw Zn-hkw N{s\ ImWm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm {]kvXpX Znhkw
amkm-h-km-\-am-sWv \n-bn-p-Ibpw ASp Znhkw Hmw Xnb-Xn-bmbn \n-bn-pIbpw sNp-p. \_n(-k)-bpsS Iev]\ Acw{]Xn -]m-en-m-hp Cu coXn An-a-dnv
29mwXnbXn Aam-hmkn Znhkw Hcn-epw ImWm N{-e ImW-W-sa XXz-imkv{Xw
Zo\n ISn Iqnb _nZvAmWv. Hmtcm Znh-khpw ImWp-Xv B Znh-k-t-p Iebm-Wv Fv C_v\p Am-kv(-d)-]-Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv.
lZokv {K--fn ImWmw. BZy-ambn ImWp-Xv Hmw Xnb-Xn-bpsS Ie-bm-Wv.
ImWm-Xm-hp Znhkw amkm-h-km-\-hpw.
N{\nco--Whpw Xnb-Xnbpw icn-bm-bnp Xs-bmtWm Fv Dd-p-h-cp-m bq\pkv
5mw hN-\-n ]d {]-Imcw lnkm-_v(Calculation)\S-p-Ibpw IqSp-X IrXyX Dd-ph-cp-p-Ibpw sN-p-p. Bb-Xn-\m lnPvd Inn {]kn-o-I-cn-n-cn-p Ie--dn XnbXnbpw B Znh-k-t-p lnemepw IrXy-ambn Hp-h-cp-p. Cmcyw Ie--dn ImWnn-cn-p N{--e-bpsS Nn{X-hp-ambn BIm-iv Hp-t\mn t_m[y-s-Sm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Hmtcm Znh-khpw Znhkw Bcw-`n-p-t-S-p-\nv B Znh-k-t-p N{-e DZn-pIbpw 24 aWn-q sImv Ah-km-\nv ASp Znh-k-t-p Ie cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpXv temI P\X Ip-sImv Iv \nbn-p-Ibpw Ah-km-\s Ie temI-mcpw
ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ASp Znhkw ]pXp-amkw Zn\m-cw` taJ-e-bn \npw Bcw`n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXn Bt-]-I D-bn-p Xc-n bmsXmcp kwi-b-tam,
3

AUzmkv sNtem C. \yqaq kw`-hn-p Znhkw (amkm-h-km-\w) FmWv Fv

ImgvN-sImv {]kvXpX amk-n t\cs a\-n-em-m-sa-nepw lnkm_v sImv hjv aps \n-bn-mw. AXv Jp-B-\ns apAvPnk-m-Wv. Ie--dp-m-m lnkm_v
sImt km[n-p-I-bp-q. Hcp hj-nse bqWnv amkhpw amk-n-teXv Znh-k-hp-am-Wv.
am-k-ns bqWnv aWn-q-dpw aWn-q-dn-tXv an\n-p-am-Wv. Hcp amk-ns XpSw Znhkw
sImm-Wv. \yqaq Dm-Ip Znhkw amk-nse Akm-\-Zn-h-k-am-Wv. Znh-ks `mKnv
amkw XpS-m Ign-bn-. Hcp Znh-k-ns Bcw-`-n \yqaq kw`-hn-mepw Ah-km-\\n-anjw kw`-hn-mepw ASp--Zn-hkw ]pXp-amk-ns Hmw Xnb-Xn-bm-bn-cn-pw. Hcp N{am-k-n Hcp Znhkw N{s\ ImWp-I-bn- FXv kl-{km-_v[-p aps a\p-jy
a\-n-em-n-bn-p-v. {]kvXpX Znh-k-s Idp--hmhv Fv ae-bm-f-n tcJ-s-Sp-pp. \yqaq-tWm-Sp-IqSn N{ kqcys\ ]np-S-cm XpS-p-p.(-kqd iwkv 2,3). bn-p
N{ hf-cp Ie Bbn amdp-p. N{--e-bpsS BIr-Xnbpw amdp-p. ]pXp-N-{ ]nd-pp. ]pXp-am-khpw XpS-p-p. Znhkw XpS-p-t-Sv \npw amkhpw Xnb-Xnbpw XpS-pp.
Zn\m-cw`w Ckveman
hnhn[ aX-fpw kwkvIm-c-fpw Xnb-Xn-am-p--Xv ]e ka-b--en-emWv. {InkvXym-\nI A-cm-{Xn-bnepw PqXam aKvcn_nepw lnp- kqtcym-Zbw apXpw Zn\m-cw`w
Ipdn-p-tm apkvenwI Ftm-gmWv Zn\w Bcw-`n-p--Xv. Zn\m-cw`w Adn-bm BZy-ambn
Znhkw Fm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. ]ecpw km[m-cW ]d-bm-dp \n-N\w Hcp cmhpw
]Iepw tN-XmWv Znh-k-sa-m-Wv. CXv icn-b-. amk--tfmfw ]Iepw A{X Xs cm{Xnbp-ap-ff {]tZ-i- `qan-bn-ep-v. ]ns-ns\ Cu \n-N\w icn-bm-hpw. Znhkw FXv
`qan Hcp {]mhiyw {`aWw sNm-s\-Sp-p ka-b-n\v ]d-bp t]cm-Wv. `qan-bpsS {`aWw
Fns\ Af-s-Spmw F-XmWv {]iv\w. Hcp tKmf-ns Idw Af-m AXn Hcp
AS-bmfw shbvp-Ibpw tKmfn\v ]pdv Nen-m Hcp hkvXp-hns\ m]n-p-Ibpw
thWw. tKmf-nse AS-bmfw Nen-m hkvXp-hn\v t\sc shv kabw ]qPyw Fv tcJs-Sp-p-I. tKmfw Id-p-I. tKmf-n-ep AS-bmfw Hcp Npv ]qn-bmn ncam-bp
hkvXp-hn\v t\sc Fp-tm Hv Fv tcJ-s-Sp-p-I. `qan-bn AXns Idw Fp-Xn-mbn sh AS-bm-fs Zn\-am-t- cJ Fp ]d-bp-p. tUvs
- se Nen-msX \np
kqcy\p t\sc Fp-tm `qan-bpsS Id-
- ns Afhv XpS-p-p. hopw AtX m\v
tUv-sse Fp-tm Hcp BtKmf Znhkw ]qn-bm-hp-p. tUv-sse\n kqcy khmen \np-tm AYhm fpl \a-kvImc ka-b-am-hp-tm BtKmf Zn\w XpS-p-p.
Cu ka-bv `qan-bpsS tI{-m-\hpw apkvenwI-fpsS Bcm-[\m tI{-hp-amb Dp Jpdmbn {]`m-X-k-a-b-am-Wv. AhnsS Cu ka-bv Ah-cpsS {]mtZ-inI Znh-khpw Bcw-`n-p-p.
BtKmf ka-b-n Hcp PpapA Bcw-`n-p AtX \nanjw a-bn {]mtZ-inI shnbmgvN Znh-khpw Bcw-`n-p-p. 24 aWn-q Ignv BtKmf ka-b-n PpapA Ah-km\n-ptm Dp Jpdm-bn shn-bmgvN Znhkw Ah-km-\n-p-p. a-bvp-]p-dv apcm-Py--fn Ah-c-h-cpsS ^P-dp-m-Zn-Jn Ah-cpsS {]mtZ-inI Znhkw Bcw-`n-p-p. Dp
Jpdm Fm P\-]-Y--fpsS amXmhv Fw. k P\--fp-sSbpw amXr-m-\v
\np asb tI{-_np Bbn IW-m-n-bmWv Ckvemanse Ime-K-W\ \S-p-Xv.
kqcym-kvX-a-b-tmSp IqSn Znhkw XpS-ptam?
aKvcn_n\v Znhkw XpS-p-sa hnizmkw A_--am-Wv. {]kvXpX hnizm-k-n\v D-cnp sXfn-hp-I ]cn-tim-[n-mw.
1. Jp-B-\n BZyw cm{Xnbpw tijw ]Iepw ]d-bp-p. (Jp-B-\n ]I-en-s\bpw
BZyw ]d-n-p-v. DZm: fplm: BZyw ]d-bp-Xv BZyw sNp-I-bm-sW-n kpPq-Zn\v
tijta dpIqAv \S-m km[n-p-I-bp-q)
2. "aqm \_n(-A)v 40 cm{Xn-I \n-bn-p.' CXv cm{Xn BZy-am-b-Xp-sIm-m-sW
4

hymJym\w icn-b-. ChnsS sseev F-Xn\v Znhkw Fm-Ww. ]I aqm-\-_n(A) ae-bn-d-n-bn-n--tm.

3. Ccp-mWv ]I-en-t\-m app-m-bXv F hmZhpw ASn-m\ cln-X-am-Wv. Hcp
s]mn-s-dn-p-tijw kqcys\ tI{-amn kuc-bpYw krjvSn kabw {Kl-fpw D]-{Kl-fpw kqcys\ Npm XpS-n. kqcys BIj-W-amWv {Kl-sf kqcy\p Nppw Idp--Xv. `qan-bn kqcy\p t\sc-bp `mKv shfn-hpw adp-`m-Kv Ccppw BWv Atbp--Xv. BZy Znhkw `qan-bpsS BZy-{`aWw Af-bvm {ian-m ]I BWv BZyapmbXv Fv a\-n-em-mw. l-p hnZm-bn an\m-bnse {]kw-K-n \_n(-k) {]Jym]n-p. BIm-ihpw `qanbpw krjvSn \m Ctv Id-n-h-n-cn-pp Fv.
4. kqcy N{s\ adn-I-S-p-I-bn-. cm{Xn ]I-ens apn-ep-a- FmWv bmko 40mw hN-\w. Fp-h-m N{ kqcys\ adn-I-S-p-Ibpw cm{Xn ]I-ens ]nn-ep-amWv
Fw.
5. shn-bmgvN kp_vlv \a-kvImcw F-Xn\v ""kem-p ^Pvcn ^o buap PpapA'
FmWv lZo-kn-ep--Xv. CXv cm{Xn-b-. ^P-dmWv, ^P Zn\m-cw-`-am-Wv.
6. lnem I-Xn\p tij-ap \_n(-k)-bpsS {]m-\, BbXv 29 v sshIptcamsWv lZo-kn-en-. BZys aqp-Zn-h-khpw lnem BWv. Ftm lnem
ImWp-pthm Atm {]mn--Ww.
7. "JXmZ(d)-dn-tmv sNp-p. \_n(-k)-amkw I-tm CXv kam-n-sbpw
\-bp-tSbpw ]nd-hn-bm-Wv. \ns krjvSn dn hniz-knp Fv aqp {]mhiyw ]d-Xmbn At-l-n\v hnhcw e`n-p. ]ns \_n(-k)C amks Ah-km-\n-n-p-Ibpw
C amks sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvX Am-lp-hn\v kvXpXn Fv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.'
(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) (\yqaqWpw amk-n-d-hnbpw t]Pv: 129) CXpw 29mw Xnb-Xn-bm-sWv lZn-kn-en. amkw Ah-km-\n-p, ]pXnb amkw hp Fp ]d-m AXv Hmw XnbXn sshIopw
BImw. aKvcn_n\v Znhkw XpS-p-Xnv CsXmpw sXf-hmbn D-bn-m ]cym-]vX-a-.
8. Bbn-i(-d)-dn-tmv sNbvX _pJm-cn-bnse lZo-kn A_q-_-(-d) h^m-m-bXpw
J_-d-S-n-bXpw At-l-ns B{K-l-{]-Imcw Xs Xn-fmgvNbmbn-cpp Fv ]d-bpp.
""\_n(-k)-h-^m-mb Xn-fmgvN Znh-k-n Xs X\npw Cu Zpbm-hn \nv
th]n-cn-b-W-sav Atlw B{K-ln-p. AX-\p-k-cnv Amlp sNmmgvN cm{Xn-bpsS Bcw`-n Cu temI-tmSv hnS-]-d-bm At-l-n\v Xu^oJv sNbvXp. Xn-fmgvN AkvXan cm{Xn-mWv Bbn-i(-d)-sNm-mgvN cm{Xn Fv hy-ambn ]d--Xv(-\yq-aqWpw amk-nd-hnbpw t]Pv 130)
ta lZokv kphy--ambn m]n-p-Xv Xn-fmgvN ]I Ign-p cm{Xn XnfmgvN cm{Xn-bm-sW-m-Wv. Xn-fmgvN h^m-m-Im B{K-ln-p A_q-_
- (-d)sb sNmmhvN
h^m-mn-smv B{Klw Xu^oJv sNbvXp FmWv aZo\n ]d-bp--Xv. CXv icn-b-.
Xn-fmgvN cm{Xn-bn-emWv kno-Jv(-d)-h-^m-m-b-Xv. Fp am{X-a At-l-ns B{K-lkm-m-XvIm-c-nv thn Xn-fmgvN Ah-km-\n-p--Xn\p apv AXm-bXv sNmmgvN
kp_vln\p apv J_-d-S-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. sNmmgvN Bcw-`n-p--Xn\p apm-bn-v. A_q_- kno-Jv(-d)-bpsS B{K-l-nv hncp--ambn kw`-hnp FmWv aZo-\n-bpsS ]pkvXIw
]d-bp--Xv.
9. Xdm-holv \a-kvIm-chpw XJv_odpw sXfn-hmbn D-cn-m-dp-v. kzlo-lmb lZokv
{]Imcw kp_vlv \a-kvImcw apX CuZv \a-kvImcw hsc-bmWv XJv_o sNmt--Xv. Xdmholv \a-kvImcw da-Zm-\nepw Am--tmgpw \_n(-k)\a-kvI-cn-n-p-v. BbXv A-cm{Xn
apX ^P hsc-bm-Wv. Xdm-holv t\mv kvs]jy \a-kvIm-c-ambn ]noSv amdn-b-Xm-Wv.
hnXz sImv Ah-km-\n-n-pI Fp ]d--Xn \npw ^P-dn\p sXmp-ap-mbn B
Znh-k-nse \a-kvIm-chpw Zn-h-khpw Ah-km-\n-pp F-XmWv hmkvX-hw.
5

Znh-k-hp-ambn _-s bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Znh-km-cw-`-s-p-dnp ]d-bm adp`m-Kn\v Ign-n-n-. D-bn sXfn-hp-I-fm-sW-n BbXv cm{Xn Ah-km-\-amWv F-Xn-\p-Xp-am-Wv. Znhkw {]`m-X-n XpS-pp F-Xn-mWv A_q-_-(-d)bpsS h^mpw
Xdm-holv \a-kvIm-chpw a\-n-emn Xcp--Xv.
Zn\m-cw`w CkvemanI am\-ZWvUw
Hcp Znhkw Fm-se-m-sWv \mw hni-Zo-I-cn-p. aX-ho--W-n Znh-k-ns
XpSw FhnsS \nm-sWv a\-n-em--W-sa-n Hcp Znh-k-n apkvenwI sNm
I]n Bcm-[-\-I-fpsS XpSw ]cn-tim-[n-m aXn. Hcp Znh-k-s `mKn-mWp kabw
\n-bn-p--Xv. hnhn[ ka-b--fn (h-JvXv) sNp Bcm-[-\-I AXXp kabw hsp-tm-gmWv Hmtcm-cp-pw _m[-I-am-hp-Xv. `qanv Hcp Zn-h-k-ap--Xp-t]mse Hmtcm
\mnepw {]mtZ-in-I-ambn Ah-cpsS ^P-dn Znhkw XpS-p-Ibpw Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw sNpp. Xmsg sImSp-p hkvXp-X-I k{iw hmbn-p-I.
1. Hcp Znhkw 5 t\cw \a-kvIc
- n-m Iev]n-p. 24 aWn-q-dn-\p-n cmhpw ]Iephcpw
amk--tfmfw ]I-ep--hcpw 24 aWn-q-dn-\p-n Hcp Znh-k-ambn IW-mn 5 t\cw \akvI-cn-t--Xp-v. Fn BZys \a-kvIm-c-ta-XmWv? AXv ^P BsWv Fm-hpa-dn-bmw. aKvcn_n\v BZy \a-kvIm-c-ambn Bcpw ]d-bp-n-. ay-\-a-kvIm-c-ambn "kzem-Xp
hpkvX'(Ak \a-kvIm-c-s) JpB ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-p. Cv \mw Rmb-dm-gvN-bpsS
Ak \a-kvI-cn-p. C\n aKvcn_v \a-kvI-cn-p-Xpw Rmb-dm-gvN-bp-sS-XmWv Xn-fn-t-X-.
Hcp Znh-ks \a-kvImcw hnXz sImv Ah-km-\n-n--Ww. AXns kabw ^P-dnp
apm-Wv.(-Xzmlm 130--B-bv: kqtcym-Z-b-n\p appw kqcym-kvX-a-b-n\p appw \o \ns
cn-Xm-hns\ kvXpXn-p-I).
2. ssee-p JZ-dns Ah-km\w "aXve-C ^P' BsWv Jp-B ]d-bp-p.
^P-dn XpSn ^P-dn Ah-km-\n-p-p.
3. Am-lp-hns ae-p-I `qan-bnse ZuXy-\n-lWw Ignp Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-Xpw
hcp-Xpw Ak-dnpw ^P-dn-p-am-Wv.
4. CAvXnJm^v Bcw-`n-p-Xpw Ah-km-\n-n-p-Xpw ^P-dn-m-Wv.
5. lns Imew Xnb-Xn-IfnemWv Iev]n--s-n-p--Xv. 8mwXnbXn apX 13mwXnbXn
hsc. Ch-sbmw ^P-dn XpSn ASp ^P-dnp apmbn Ah-km-\n-n-p-p. buaphnb cmhnse XpS-p-p. lmPn-am bm{X-sNbvXv Dv an\m-bn Fp-p. 8mw XnbXn
an\m-bn cmmp-p. 9mw XnbXn cm{Xn apkvZ-en-^-bn Xma-kn-p-p. 10mwXnbXn cmhnse
an\m-bn-tev bm{X ]pd-s-Sp-p. _en-bn-p-p. Ad-^-bpsS ]I AhnsS Fm
km[n-m--h cm{Xn Fn-bmepw aXn. ^P-dnp apv Ad-^-bn-eq-sS IS-p-t]m-bm aXn.
Ad-^m-Zn\w ^P hsc-bm-b-Xp-sIm-v.
6. lns Fm I-fpw C_vdmlnw(-A)-\-_n-bpsS Ncn-{X-hp-ambn _-s-n-p-Xm-Wv. aIs\ Adp-p-hm kz]v\w IXv 8mw XnbXn cm{Xn-bn-em-Wv. CXn kwibw
tXmnbXn\m buap-hn-(-kw-i-bn Znh-kw) Fp ]d-bp-p. 9mw XnbXn cm{Xnbnepw kz]v\w Ip. CXv hlvbv BsWv Dd-mb Znhkw F A-n buap
Ad^ Fv ]d-bp-p. 9mw XnbXn cm{Xn-I-gn-p-Wv 10mw XnbXn _en An-m
t]mbn. Cu Znhkw buap--l Fpw ]d-bp-p.(X-^vko JpXp-_n). cm{Xn ASp Znhk-t-XmWn lns Ia- Cv \mw sNp coXn t`Z-KXn hcp-t--Xm-bnhcpw.
7. \m^nAv dntmv sNp-p. Xo-bmbpw A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Da ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-p.
apkvZ-en-^-bpsS cm{Xn ^P DZn-p--Xnp apv Ad-^-bn \nm--hv lv C.
Bsc-nepw apkvZ-en-^-bpsS cm{Xn {]`mXw hnS-cp--Xn\p apv Ad-^-bn \nm Ahv
lv e`n-p.(-ap-h-Xz, Camw amenIv 1/349 Ibid. t]Pv 131).
apkvZ-en-^-bpsS cm{Xn Ad-^-bpsS cm{Xn-bm-sW-vCu lZokv hy-am-p-p. adnv
6

aZo-\n-bpsS hymJym\ {]Imcw "Xhnb'bpsS cm{Xn hon-ep-d-p-I, Ad-^-bpsS cm{Xn an\mbn ]mp-I, _en-Zn\ cm{Xn apkvZ-en-^-bn Xma-kn-pI Fn-s\ hnNn-{X-amb \neh-cpw. aZo\n Xs l-p hnZmsb Ipdnp teJ-\-n(-i-_m-_v)-sse-e-p PpapA
F-Xn\v shn ]I Ign-p cm{Xn Fw ]d-n-pv. \njv]--ambn Nnnp--hv C{Xbpw sXfn-hp-I [mcm-f-am-Wv. aKvcn_n\v Znhkw XpS-pp F-Xn\v {]mamWn-I-amb bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-sv am{X-a Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw bpnv \nc-m--Xp-amWv
{]kvXpX hmZw. Fm ^P-dnv Znhkw XpS-pp FXv {]IrXn \nb-a--tfmSp tbmPnp-Xpw imkv{Xo-bhpw am{X-a-. Jp-B-\n \npw kp-n \npw hyamb sXfnhp-I-fp-ap-Xm-Wv.
]cn-k-am]vXn:
Cn-hnsS N sNbvX cp-hn-j-b--fnepw sXfn-bn--s-n-cn-p hkvXp-X-I Xmsg
Bhnv hy-am-p-p.
1. \yqaqWpw ]pXp-am-k-n-d-hnbpsS lnemepw Htc {]{In-b-bn Hcp-anp kw`-hn-p-p.
2. \yqaq Znhkw Xs `qan-bn lnem kqcym-kvX-abtijw BIm-iv {]Xy-am-hp-p-v.
3. Zriy-ta-Je FXv Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-Wv. Ckveman An-s\-sbmcp \nt-i-an-.
4. "Aln'bpw "a\m-knepw' BWv amk-n-dhn Xocp-am-\n-p--Xn\v Jp-B\pw kppw
\nt-in am\-ZWvUw Chsb \nco-nv ]ndhn \n-bn-m IrXy XnbXnbn ]ndhn
Xocp-am-\nmw Fp am{X-a-. AUzmkv sNpI F {]iv\w DZn-p-t-bn-.
5. Znhkw Bcw-`n-p-Xv ^P apXm-Wv. kqcym-kvX-abw apXm-sW--Xn\v
bmsXmcp ASn-m-\-hp-an-.
Xmsg D-bn-p-- kwi-b-v adp]Sn e`n-t-XpspIqSn t_m[n-n-p-p.
1. tIc-f-nse aX {]m-\- k-Xnp {]kvXm-hn-p Imcy- Fp-sImv
\S-n hcp-p-n? P\- s]cp-m-fnv t\ms-Sp-p-Ibpw da-Zm-\n `Ww Ignp-Ibpw sNp-Xv ]WvUnX t\Xm- Imc-W-at?
2. Immv amkw Im ]md-m-e-bn kzoI-cn-m-sapw Fm \mSp-Im-Wn-bn
Im FS--c-bn kzoIm-cy-a-pw ]d-bp--Xns ASn-m-\-sa-mWv?
3. Jp-B-\n ]d-bp "lnkm_v'(10:5)FmWv. apkvenwI Jp-B ]d lnkm_v
\S-p-ptm? Bsc-nepw \S-p--Xns\ AwKo-I-cn-p-Xv sXmtWm?
4. Ckveman Ie--dptm? Ds-n GXv? AXns \nb-a-taXv?