Mark Scheme (Pre-Standardisation) June 2011

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI02/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted. Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate. Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 1(a) (i) Question Number 1(a) (ii) Question Number 1(a)(iii)

Answer A;

Mark (1)

Answer C;

Mark (1)

Answer 1. D ; 2. idea that endemic means species restricted to one area ; 3. only {Area D / box 4} shows a {species / has the flag shape present} ; 4. all other shapes appear in at least one other box ;

Mark

(3)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number *1(b)QWC

Answer (QWC Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence) For captive breeding Any four from: 1. to increase numbers ; 2. to {maintain / eq} genetic diversity ; 3. inter-zoo animal movement / eq ; 4. 5. use of stud books / eq ; DNA profiling / eq ;

Mark

6. selecting the mates / IVF / eq ; 7. protect from {predators / poachers / eq} ; For reintroduction 1. idea of reinforcing wild behaviour ; 2. idea of hacking out e.g. reduce food intake to encourage hunting ; 3. select appropriate habitat / eq ; 4. education of local population / eq ; (5)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 2 (a)(i)

Answer circle labelled G between one glucose monomer and the next ;

Mark

(1) Question Number 2 (a)(ii) Answer circle labelled H placed on diagonal bonds (dotted lines) between adjacent cellulose molecules ; Answer 1. B ; 2. most magnesium / eq ; (2) Question Number 2 (b)(ii) Answer 1. B ; 2. most calcium / eq ; 3. calcium is a component of {middle lamella / calcium pectate / eq} ; 4. (that acts as) a {cement / eq} (giving strength to cell wall) ; Question Number 2 (c)(i) Question Number 2 (c)(ii) Answer 2.70- 2.75 ; Answer idea of reduced variation e.g. genetic, age, growth conditions ; (1) (3) Mark (1) Mark Mark Mark

(1) Mark

Question Number 2 (b)(i)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 2 (c)(iii)

Answer Any two from 1. same volume of solution given / eq ; 2. same light / eq ; 3. same temperature / eq ; 4. same initial status of seedlings (e.g. height) / eq ;

Mark

(2)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 3 (a)

Answer As diameter increases, the mass needed to break the rope 1. increases for both / eq ; 2. idea that gradient increases for both ; 3. is always higher for nylon / eq ; 4. difference between the two increases as the diameter increases / eq ; 5. credit correct comparative manipulation of the data ;

Mark

(3) Mark

Question Number 3(b) (i)

Answer A = flagellum / flagella ; B = (bacterial / eq) cell wall ;

(2) Mark

Question Number 3 (b) (ii)

Answer Any two from the following 1. plasmids ; 2. DNA ; 3. ribosomes ; 4. mesosome ; 5. glycogen granule ; 6. lipid droplets ;

(2)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 4 (a)(i) Question Number 4 (a)(ii)

Answer C;

Mark (1)

Answer C;

Mark (1)

Question Number 4 (b)

Answer 1. idea that chromosomes will be in the process of condensing / will have become invisible ; 2. idea that the {nucleus / nuclear envelope / eq} will be in some stage of reform remains ; 3. idea that there will be evidence of cell plate formation ; 4. idea that a nucleolus may be present ; 5. ides that spindle has {contacted / eq} ;

Mark

(3)

Question Number 4 (c)(i)

Answer

Mark

(1) Question Number 4 (c) (ii) Answer Mark

Antipodal cell Two polar nuclei Egg cell

Synergid (2)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 4 (c) (iii)

Answer idea that it is the number (of chromosomes) in sex cells / number of chromosomes after meiosis / half the number in a body cell / named body cell ;

Mark

(1)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 5 (a)

Answer 1. position (of gene) / eq ; 2. on a chromosome ; [allow as an annotated diagram]

Mark

(2) Mark (1) Mark

Question Number 5 (b)(i) Question Number 5(b)(ii)

Answer C ; Answer 1. higher number of alleles (per locus) / eq ; 2. (means) higher genetic variation / allele combinations / eq ; 3. idea that greater variety of alleles in gene pool ; 4. {some varieties / allele combinations } may be better suited to new environment ; 5. (therefore) more likely to survive / eq ; 6. ref to natural selection ; 7. survive to breed / eq ; 8. passing on these favourable allele combinations / eq ; 9. ref to (change in allele frequency) over many generations ;

(5) Mark

Question Number 5(c)

Answer 1. chance / eq ; 2. ref to sample size ; 3. ref to rare alleles in group 1 ; 4. idea of how representative the samples are of the whole breeding population ; accept converse

(2)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 5(d)

Answer D;

Mark (1)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 6 (a)(i)

Answer 1. C ; 2. (because) only eukaryotes have mitochondria ;

Mark

(2) Question Number 6 (a)(ii) Answer 1. B ; 2. (because) has {three / more / named} characteristics in common (with the eukaryotes) / eq ; Question Number 6 (b) (i) Answer 1. stack / eq ; 2. of cisternae ; 3. (cisternae) curved / flattened / eq ; 4. idea of different sized cisternae ; 5. presence of vesicles / eq ; 6. location of Golgi described ; (3) Mark

(2) Mark

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number *6(b)(ii)QWC

Answer (QWC Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence) 1. protein produced from ribosome / ribosomes / eq ; 2. ribosomes held on rER /eq ; 3. can store proteins / eq ; 4. protein transported within rER / eq ; 5. produce vesicles / packaged / isolated / eq ; 6. vesicles fuse with Golgi (apparatus) / eq ; 7. Golgi (apparatus) modifies protein / eq ; 8. details of modification e.g. glycoprotein / carbohydrate added / eq ; 9. water removed (to concentrate) / eq ; 10. only Golgi produces lysosomes / eq ;

Mark

(6)

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 7 (a)

Answer 1. C ; Any two of the following 2. all genes (potentially) active / as no genes deactivated / (cell A / cell B) has genes switched off / eq ; 3. idea that it can, therefore, give rise to all cell types ; 4. (cell A / cell B) have already / unable to differentiate / divide / eq ;

Mark

(3) Question Number 7 (b)(i) Answer 1. undifferentiated cell / eq ; 2. that can give rise to most specialised cells / eq ; 3. but not totipotent stem cells / extra embryonic cells / eq ; Question Number 7 (b)(ii) Answer 1. fertilised egg allowed to {grow / divide / eq} for {few days / eq} ; 2. to form a {blastula / hollow ball of cells / eq} / eq ; 3. cells in inner cluster are {pluripotent / harvested / eq} / eq ; 4. details such as cluster about 50 cells / procedure for extraction of cells / eq ; 5. ref to source of fertilised egg (e.g. spare embryo (after IVF)) ; (3) (2) Mark Mark

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 8 (a) (i)

Answer 1. ref to aseptic technique ; 2. ref to uniform spreading e.g. lawn, spread over agar, random, mixed in with molten agar ;

Mark

(2) Mark

Question Number 8 (a) (ii)

Answer 1. ref to safety procedure ; 2. reduces contamination (of culture) / eq ; 3. allows aerobic conditions / eq ; 4. reduces chance of {harmful / anaerobic bacteria being {cultured / eq} / anaerobic conditions / eq} ;

(2) Mark

Question Number 8 (a) (iii)

Answer encourages bacteria that are {harmful / pathogenic / eq} (to humans) to proliferate / eq ;

(1) Question Number 8 (b)(i) Answer {3 species of bacteria / B1, B2 and B4} {killed more effectively / had a larger zone of inhibition} (when using ethanol) / eq ; (1) Question Number 8 (b)(ii) Answer Idea of mean zone of inhibition larger when using hot water ; (1) Mark Mark

6BI01_01 1106

Question Number 8 (c) (i)

Answer 1. Hot water figures correctly used (e.g. the smallest diameter of zone of inhibition for hot water is 16.8 ; 2. Cold water figures used correctly (e.g. the largest diameter for the cold water is 17.0 ; OR 1. Largest diameter for cold water method is bigger ; 2. than smallest for hot water ;

Mark

(2)

Question Number 8 (c) (ii)

Answer 1. cold water ; 2. smaller range / spread of data is less ;

Mark

(2)

6BI01_01 1106