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If you were an astronaut and you were to travel

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to a different planet, can you list five
SY: 2021-2022
characteristics that you would look for to
determine if a particular entity on that planet is
MODULE IN GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
living?
Name

Class Distribution Date: January 10, 2022 1.

Teacher Mrs. Joselyn M. Saclolo Submission Date: January 21, 2022

2.
Module 8 Quarter 3

FRAMING THE INQUIRY 3.

Title  Theories of Evolution
Content Standard The learners demonstrate understanding of... 4.
 Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/Bases, and
Theories of Evolution
Performance The learners should be able to... 5.
Standard  Make a diagram (e.g., pictogram, poster) showing
the evolution of a domesticated crop

Competencies  Describe general features of the history of life on
Characteristics of Life
Earth, including generally accepted dates and
The concept of life itself is not a simple concept to explain. Often because of
sequence of the geologic time scale and
characteristics of major groups of organisms its ambiguity in definition, this word is always a subject of debates that wrestle
present during these time periods STEM_BIO11/12- between what is moral and what is lawful.
IIIc-g-8 So far you are learning the fundamental characteristics which can be
biologically distinguish a living thing from a non-living thing. To a certain degree, the
 Explain the mechanisms that produce change in properties enumerated below can define what life is: since to our basic knowledge,
populations from generation to generation (e.g.,
these properties are shared by all living organisms but some other references may
artificial selection, natural selection, genetic drift,
mutation, recombination) STEM_BIO11/12-IIIc-g-9 vary from this list.
● Cellular Complexity – All living things are composed of either one or more cells that
References: General Biology 1 (Our Scientific Guide to Life) are highly complex yet organized and enclosed within membranes.
by: Juan Apolinario C. Reyes ● Growth and Development – Living things use energy to grow by metabolizing
compounds by cellular respiration or photosynthesis. Organisms also undergo
different life stages, which follow a systematic process from birth to maturity.

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 ● Reproduction – Continuity of life would definitely be impossible without Ca. 3.0 billion years ago Propagation of Cyanobacteria
Ancestors of the modern blue green algae may
reproduction. We know that no organism can live forever; however, through this
have thrived as early as 3 billion years ago.
fundamental quality, life continues and traits are passed on from generation to Photosynthesis allowed these primitive
generation. Organisms possess a system of complicated yet intricate genetic system cyanobacteria to start converting light energy to
based on biochemical processes of the DNA. This mechanism is passed on from chemical energy. As a result, byproduct oxygen
generation allowing organisms to survive and evolve over long periods of time. molecules were eventually increased which
● Irritability (response to stimuli) – All organisms are very sensitive to different stimuli – transformed the Earth’s atmosphere and paved
the way for the beginning of biodiversity on the
may it be environmental or physiological. This may refer to any form of response or
planet.
movement to stimuli in its own volition.
● Homeostasis – Living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions, which Ca. 2.0 billion years ago Appearance of the First Eukaryotes
are different from their environment. Geological evidence points out that life was only
composed of prokaryotes until around 2 billion
years ago. Modern eukaryotes are characterized
as having membrane-bound organelles like the
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE OF THE EARTH’S HISTORY mitochondria and nucleus. Several scientists
suspect that this cellular organelles and
molecules may have evolved from ancient
Earth’s Age Significant Event
relationships between different bacteria.
Ca. 4.6 to 3.8 billion years ago Formation of Earth’s Crust and Ocean
(endosymbiosis theory)
Around 4.6 to 3.8 billion years ago, debris from the
Ca. 1.2 billion years ago Influx of Multicellular Organisms
forming solar system crashed into the early Earth,
During this period, it was believed that
keeping its surface burning hot. As the
multicellularity occurred several times. According
bombardment decreases, the Earth’s surface also
to some hypotheses, multicellularity was the
cooled down. Around this time, the temperature
product of the symbiotic relationship between
of the ocean fell to 49 degree from 88 Celsius(120
cells of similar or different species that eventually
– 290 degree Fahrenheit)
led to interdependency among organisms.

Ca. 3.5 billion years ago Oldest Geological Evidence of Life

From the known fossil evidence, it appears that
life on Earth may have existed during its boisterous
Ca. 500 million years ago The Cambrian Explosion
first billion years. Sedimentary rock formations
Fossil records showed evidence that there was a
called the stromatolites (shown on the left) are
drastic increase in the diversity of complex faunal
strong pieces of evidence that the first microbes
species during a relatively short time span. The so-
might have existed during this time. During the
called Cambrian explosion took place that cause
formation of the stromatolites, the sheets of
major animal phyla to appear.
microbes captured sedimentary particles.
Successive layers of these sediments resulted to
striated pattern of settlements, which enabled
geologist to trace back their geologic age.

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Ca. 200 thousand years ago Arrival of Modern Human
Paleontological evidence suggests that modern
human might have evolved from Homo erectus
approximately 250 thousand years ago.

THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

In the case of the scientific investigation on the origin of life, there are two
dilemmas: first, the conditions in which it initially occurred are unidentified and
second, the phenomena of life are so complex we do not understand of its
properties. Therefore, the concept of the “unknown” in the origin of life can still be
used to explain such dilemmas. Since some scientific methods are still somehow
considered faulty, we should still consider the hypothesis being proposed by
creationism or special creation that life began at the spontaneous creation by a
superior supernatural entity that is beyond a mere metaphysical being.

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 FROM THE ORIGIN OF LIFE TO EVOLUTIONARY SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

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 MECHANISM OF CHANGE

For more references, click the link and watch the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWp5ZpJAIAE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNK3u8uVG7o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HBdxDBqfHc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfsUz2O2jww

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Write the differences of Natural Selection and Artificial selection at the side of Venn
diagram then the similarities at the middle.

Below are some pick up line where the concepts in evolution are used. Would you
able to explain the concept behind these hilarious and cheesy pick-up lines?

1. Without you in my life, my heart would become vestigial.

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2. Every time you are around my values just contrived.

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3. You are really awesome because all you selected are really natural.

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4. Would you agree, I think our characters are really homologous?

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5. I think I am the fittest, because I survived them all just to be with you.

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Encircle the correct answer.
1. In which type of rock were fossils most commonly preserved?

a. metamorphic rock c. igneous rock

b. sedimentary rock d. any type of rock

2. Darwin judged the fitness of an individual based on __________________.

a. ability to find food.

b. strategy to defend itself outside factors
c. dominance over other individuals
d. number of offspring

3. When two species of different lineages developed similarity in appearance as a

result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed as:

a. microevolution c. convergent evolution

b. divergent evolution d. coevolution

4. The tendency of a population to be in genetic equilibrium can be disturbed by:

a. random mating c. scarcity of mutations
b. lack of migration d. no random mating

5. Which of the following situations shows artificial selection?

a. Susceptibility testing of microorganisms against different antibiotics

b. The different finches found by Darwin in the Galapagos

c. Cultivations of new variations of rice plants

d. Elongated neck of giraffes

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