Since inception in 1944, the World Bank has expanded from a single institution to a closely associated group of five

development institutions. Our mission evolved from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) as facilitator of post-war reconstruction and development to the present day mandate of worldwide poverty alleviation in close coordination with our affiliate, the International Development Association, and other members of the World Bank Group, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).. Once we had a homogeneous staff of engineers and financial analysts, based solely in Washington, DC. Today, we have a multidisciplinary and diverse staff that includes economists, public policy experts, sector experts and social scientists-and now more than a third of our staff is based in country offices. Reconstruction remains an important part of our work. However, the global challenges in the world compel us to focus on:

poverty reduction and the sustainable growth in the poorest countries, especially in Africa; solutions to the special challenges of post-conflict countries and fragile states; development solutions with customized services as well as financing for middleincome countries; regional and global issues that cross national borders--climate change, infectious diseases, and trade; greater development and opportunity in the Arab world; pulling together the best global knowledge to support development.

At today's World Bank, poverty reduction through an inclusive and sustainable globalization remains the overarching goal of our work.

Introduction Of The Bank.

The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Our mission is to fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results and to help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors. We are not a bank in the common sense; we are made up of two unique development institutions owned by 187 member countries: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). Each institution plays a different but collaborative role in advancing the vision of inclusive and sustainable globalization. The IBRD aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, while IDA focuses on the world's poorest countries. Their work is complemented by that of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Together, we provide low-interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture and environmental and natural resource management. The World Bank, established in 1944, is headquartered in Washington, D.C. We have more than 10,000 employees in more than 100 offices worldwide. Innovating from Within To ensure countries continue to have access to the best global expertise and cutting-edge knowledge, the World Bank Group is revising its programs to assist the poor, as well as its range of financing options, to meet pressing development priorities. Pillars of these efforts include:

Results: Together, we are continuing to sharpen our focus on helping developing countries deliver measurable results. Reform: New reforms at the World Bank Group are aimed at improving every aspect of our work: the way projects are designed (investment lending), how information is made available (access to information), and how our staff are deployed to best assist governments and communities (decentralization). Open Development: The World Bank is leading the effort toward openness and transparency in development by offering a wealth of tools and knowledge to provide people with the resources they need to help solve the world's development challenges. In

2010, the Bank launched a new Open Data website, providing free access to a comprehensive set of data about development in countries around the globe.

At the World Bank we have made the world's challengeto reduce global poverty our challenge. The Bank focuses on achievement of the Millennium Development Goals that call for the elimination of poverty and sustained development. The goals provide us with targets and yardsticks for measuring results. Our mission is to help developing countries and their people reach the goals by working with our partners to alleviate poverty. We address global challenges in ways that advance an inclusive and sustainable globalizationthat overcome poverty, enhance growth with care for the environment, and create individual opportunity and hope. Six strategic themes drive our efforts. By focusing on these strategic themes, the Bank delivers technical, financial and other assistance to those most in need and where it can have the greatest impact and promote growth: to the poorest countries, fragile states and the Arab world; to middle-income countries; to solving global public goods issues; and to delivering knowledge and learning services.

Member Countries
The organizations that make up the World Bank Group are owned by the governments of member nations, which have the ultimate decision-making power within the organizations on all matters, including policy, financial, or membership issues. Member countries govern the World Bank Group through the Boards of Governors and the Boards of Executive Directors. These bodies make all major decisions for the organizations.

To become a member of the Bank, under the IBRD Articles of Agreement, a country must first join the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Membership in IDA, IFC and MIGA are conditional on membership in IBRD. In tandem with the IMF, and in consultation with other World Bank Group staff, the Corporate Secretariat Vice Presidency coordinates the process for new membership and maintains the information relating to the status of membership which includes the membership lists. Member countries govern the World Bank Group through the Boards of Governors and the Boards of Executive Directors. These bodies make all major decisions for the organizations. Total Member Countries in each institution The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) The International Development Association (IDA) The International Finance Corporation (IFC) The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

187 171 183 175 147

MEMBERSHIP LISTS World Bank Group Members

IBRD Members (includes date of membership) IDA Members (includes date of membership) IFC Members (includes date of membership) MIGA Members (includes date of membership) ICSID Members (includes date of membership)

Voting Powers
The World Bank and the IMF have adopted a weighted system of voting. According to IBRD Articles of Agreement, membership in the Bank is open to all members of the IMF. A country applying for membership in the Fund is required to supply data on its economy, which are compared with data from other member countries whose economies are similar in size. A quota is then assigned, equivalent to the country's subscription to the Fund, and this determines its voting power in the Fund. Each new member country of the Bank is allotted 250 votes plus one additional vote for each share it holds in the Bank's capital stock. The quota assigned by the Fund is used to determine the number of shares alloted to each new member country of the Bank. Five Executive Directors are appointed by the members with the five largest numbers of shares (currently the United States, Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom). China, the Russian Federation, and Saudi Arabia each elects its own Executive Director. The other Executive Directors are elected by the other members. The voting power distribution differs from agency to agency within the World Bank Group. Corporate Secretariat is responsible for coordinating the process for members to complete their periodic capital increases in IBRD, IDA, IFC, and MIGA. It provides advice on the procedures for subscribing to additional shares as authorized under resolutions approved by the Boards of Governors, including required documentation and capital subscriptions payments. Voting Status By Executive Director IBRD

By Country IBRD

IFC IDA MIGA

IFC IDA MIGA

Projects
At any given moment in locations around the globe, people are engaged in development projects designed to improve living standards and reduce poverty. Last year, the World Bank provided $46.9 billion for 303 projects in developing countries worldwide, with our financial and/or technical expertise aimed at helping those countries reduce poverty. The Bank is currently involved in more than 1,800 projects in virtually every sector and developing country. The projects are as diverse as providing microcredit in Bosnia and Herzegovina, raising AIDS-prevention awareness in Guinea, supporting education of girls in Bangladesh, improving health care delivery in Mexico, and helping East Timor rebuild upon independence and India rebuild Gujarat after a devastating earthquake. Visit these pages to explore in depth how the Bank partners with governments, communities and private sector businesses to implement sustainable development: How The World Bank Works in Pakistan The World Bank does not work alone, but in cooperation with various groups including, communities, civil society, government, and donor agencies. The joint effort of these groups is required to significantly reduce poverty. The World Bank provides technical expertise and funding in areas such as health, education, public administration, environmental protection, agriculture, and basic infrastructure. How are Priorities Selected | Studies & Reports | Projects HOW ARE PRIORITIES SELECTED? Working with the government and civil society, the World Bank has developed an action plan known as the Pakistan Country Assistance Strategy which describes what kind of support and how much could be provided to the country beginning June, 2002 and covering a period two years . The strategy was designed to directly support the government's Povery Reduction Strategy and focuses on

three key areas: 1) strengthening economic stability and government effectiveness; 2) strengthening the investment climate; 3) supporting pro-poor and pro-gender equity policies. STUDIES AND REPORTS The World Bank also produces studies and reports based upon its own analysis of a given issue. Topics of research come from the Bank's Country Assistance Strategy. This research is intended to provide an unbiased perspective on a range of specific development challenges. Additional studies include reviews of economic policies (Country Economic Memoranda), fiscal spending (Public Expenditure Review), environmental reviews (Environmental Action Plan), and other specific topics. Further discussion of development issues is promoted though workshops and other events. These events bring together groups such as government, media, and civil society organizations to discuss how best to move forward on a given issue.

PROJECTS
As outlined in the support strategy, Pakistan develops its own projects with World Bank financing and technical support. The project cycle outlines the process of identifying, financing, implementing, and evaluating projects. Various financing options are available based upon the type of assistance needed. Loans or credits (interest-free loans) for these projects are then submitted for approval to the Executive Directors, the World Bank's decision-making body which represents all member countries.

It is important to note that the implementation of projects is managed by the government itself. The government designates an office, referred to as the Implementing Agency, which is responsible for aspects such as procurement and selection of consultants and day to day work, monitoring and evaluation. Operational Policies set guidelines to ensure that projects meet the World Bank's own criteria such as social and environmental standards. Project evaluations are conducted to capture and share lessons for future reference.

Pakistan : Achieving Results in a Challenging Environment

Synopsis
Throughout its history Pakistan has been plagued by cycles of high growth interrupted by shocks and crises and followed by relative stagnation. Social indicators for both health and education have remained low and have lagged behind other countries in the region. The next few years are deemed critical in terms of gaining fiscal and economic stability required for equitable growth and development.

Challenge
Pakistan has a population of over 162 million, with over 60 percent living in rural areas. The country continues to under-perform as compared to other countries at similar levels of per capita income in terms of economic growth and social development. Particularly, Pakistan lags behind comparative countries in nutrition, literacy, gender equity, and access to health facilities and clean water. Social and human development is constrained by a lack of reliable and sustainable livelihood opportunities. Pakistan has faced significant political, economic, constitutional challenges over the past four years. The sharp rise in international oil and food prices, combined with expansive domestic policies, had a devastating impact on the economy. As the fiscal and trade deficits increased sharply, economic growth slowed down from about 7 percent in 2006/07 to only 1.2 percent in 2008/09; inflation soared to over 20 percent; and the favorable debt dynamics stalled. A government facing challenges on various fronts has found it difficult to sustain bold actions required to stabilize the economy. Revenue efforts fell well short of the desired levels and hemorrhaging of the budget continued due to governments inability to reduce untargeted subsidies. Monetary modes of financing the high fiscal deficits thwarted

all attempts to tame inflation. The devastating floods in mid-2010 further added to economic woes of the country. With an estimated damage of over US$ 10 billion, the floods interrupted economic recovery and added to inflationary pressures. As such, Pakistans gains in poverty reduction over the last 7-8 years may have been partly reversed. Floodrelated reconstruction activities will span several years, and therefore impose durable pressure on the already small fiscal space. In addition, the rising levels of ethnic and religious strife, conflict and insecurity have further limited the countrys capacity to deal effectively with persistent poverty. A number of critical challenges that Pakistan needs to address to accelerate growth are: Weak revenue mobilization; Poor composition and efficiency of public expenditure; Inadequate and unreliable infrastructure; Low level of human development Conflict and insecurity; The imminent demographic bulge, which would require jobs for a young, growing and increasingly urbanized population; and Poor and deteriorating level of governance in a context of accelerated decentralization to provincial governments. The Governments strategy focuses on regaining macroeconomic stability after the economic crisis and on structural reforms required to support the recovery of strong and sustainable growth. The governments overall vision is to steer Pakistans economic growth back to the range of 5-7 percent per year by stimulating growth in the production sector; creating adequate employment opportunities; improving income distribution; and harnessing the countrys economic competitiveness through economic liberalization, deregulation and transparent privatization.

Approach
The Banks Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) is directly linked to Pakistans own development vision. The Banks support is focused on, inter alia, helping the country maintain economic stability by addressing critical long-term constraints to growth; assisting the government to put in place a safety nets system that adequately and effectively protect the poor from economic shocks; and supporting education reform programs to increase school participation, reduce gender and rural-urban disparities, and improve quality and governance. The Bank is also helping Pakistan cope with the consequences of conflict while reducing the prospects of future conflicts through its engagement in the countrys border areas. As of March 1, 2011 Pakistans portfolio consisted of 22 active projects with the total commitment (IDA + IBRD) of US$3.822 billion. The Pakistan Trust Funds portfolio has 55 active grants with a total commitment of US$ 110.405 million.

Working for Results in Pakistan

In its 57 years as an independent country, Pakistan has significantly improved the lives of many of its people and has achieved steady economic growth. Nevertheless, a third of its population remains entrenched in poverty. Women are at a particular disadvantage, with lower literacy and school enrollment rates than men, and less access to health care. The government has shown a strong commitment to reducing poverty and is receiving support from the World Bank through around US$ 1.2 billion in financing for 18 active projects and, over the past five years, an additional US$ 1.5 billion in adjustment lending to strengthen the government's broader reform programs. Following are results from some of the programs the World Bank is helping to support. To learn more about the Bank's work in Pakistan, see the Country Brief

Poverty Reduction: The World Bank is the main financer of Pakistans Poverty Alleviation Fund, which provides assistance to poor communities throughout the country. The Fund has been working with nearly 40 local organizations and has extended microcredit loans to more than 275 thousand borrowers, of which 45 percent are women. The repayment rate for these loans is 100 percent. The Fund has also financed over 3,400 local infrastructure projects from building wells to the paving of small roads. In areas where the Fund has been active, there has been a significant increase in family incomes and consumption. Personal and business assets have improved, as has the social status of the borrowers, especially women. Learn more about the Pakistans Poverty Alleviation Fund Project

Agriculture: In the rugged terrain of southwestern Pakistan, water is a scarce commodity. The World Bank-financed Balochistan Community Irrigation and Agriculture Project has created a model which harnesses the energy and creativity of farmers to develop sustainable irrigation systems. Thirtyseven farmer organizations were formed in the project area and were trained to take over the control and management of irrigation schemes. The governments role thus shifted from that of provider of facilities, to one of technical advisor and enabler. The result has been more efficient resource use and increased employment and income at the local level. Another component of the project supported the completion of 11 drinkingwater systems resulting in better health and better use of time spent by women who used to spend many hours fetching water from distant wells. By the time the project closed in June, 2002, it had benefited over 9200 families. Learn more about the Balochistan Community Irrigation and Agriculture Project

Education: On average, boys in Pakistan complete about five years of schooling, while girls complete only two and a half. The government has been working to address this serious problem, and recently a World Bank-financed project has helped make a positive difference in Pakistans Balochistan province. In the project area, between 1993 and 1999, girls enrollment in classes one to five increased from 15 to 29 percent, whereas for boys the percentage went up from 49 to 72 percent. Similarly, the drop-out rate for girls went down from 17 to 11

percent and for boys from 14 to 10 percent during the project years. Besides expanding access, the Balochistan Primary Education Project helped increased efficiency and quality of education. Learn more about the Balochistan Primary Education Project

Infrastructure: Contaminated drinking water and unsanitary living conditions are among the most serious problems facing poor people in Pakistans Northwest Frontier Province. A World Bankfinanced community infrastructure project has enabled thousands of people to live in a cleaner, safer environment. The project supports the development of community organizations which then design and help implement local infrastructure projects. The works have included the provision of water supply, storm water drainage, flood protection, pavement of streets and foot paths, sanitation, and solid waste management. So far it has benefited people in more than 80 urban and rural communities with more than 500 households each

Results
The World Bank, Pakistan is helping the Federal and Provincial Governments in implementing various reform programs aimed at encouraging growth, investment, and employment generation. Reforms at the provincial level are specifically aimed at improving delivery of social services like education, health, clean drinking water, and sanitation. These efforts have yielded impressive results in many areas: Investing in Education: The Bank supports government programs to improve access to education that focus explicitly on the achievement of results. Between 2004 and 2011, IDA extended over US$1.1 billion to support increased investment and reform in the education sector in the two largest provinces in Pakistan: Punjab and Sindh. These efforts, including

reforms in teacher recruitment and payment of stipends for girls attendance, have started to translate into increased enrollment rates. For example, overall net primary school enrollment in Punjab increased from 45 percent in 2001 to 62 percent in 2008. Female primary enrollment went up from 43 percent to 60 percent. Similar enrollment results have been achieved in Sindh. Other achievements in Sindh include merit-based recruitment of around 13,000 teachers and 300 new private coeducational primary schools in underserved rural communities which are supported by public cash subsidies of US$46 per student per month conditional on free schooling and stipulated school quality standards. These schools have over 26,000 students and evidence suggests that the school participation rate has increased from 30 percent to 80 percent in these communities, and that gender disparity in school participation has been eliminated. Responding to natural disasters: Over the course of the monsoon season in July and August 2010, Pakistan experienced the worst floods in its history. The floods affected 78 districts and nearly 10 percent of Pakistans population over a vast geographical area. The Bank has provided strong support for floods recovery, consisting of $300 million in critical import financing, $20 million for highways rehabilitation, and $125 million to finance cash transfers to around 1.4 million flood affected families. The Bank also provided support to the Government of Pakistan when the earthquake hit Pakistan on October 8, 2005. The earthquake left 2.8 million homeless, and 570,000 houses damaged, with 90% requiring total replacement. The Bank provided $400 million for Earthquake Reconstruction out of which $220 million was for housing reconstruction. 96% (335,000 houses) of the 350,000 houses have been completed under Rural Housing and Reconstruction Program and have also been certified. Protecting the poorest: In social protection, the Bank has helped the government in establishing the social safety net systems. The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) is the countrys national safety net program and the Banks support focuses on increasing its targeting efficiency and strengthening its operation. This cash transfer program offers a monthly payment of Rs. 1,000 to qualifying households. In 2011 it is expected to cover about 7 million households or about onequarter of Pakistans total population. Operating in conflict areas: The conflict in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) led to one of the worst security crises in Pakistans history, displacing millions of people and severely disrupting lives, livelihoods, and the provision of public services. The Bank is now administering the Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) for KP, FATA and Balochistan, which supports the implementation of a program for reconstruction and development aimed at facilitating the recovery from the impact of the armed conflict and reducing the potential for escalation or resumption. Ten donors have contributed a total of US $140 million for the MTDF. In 2011, the Bank provided an IDA credit of US$250 million - supplemented by $35 million MDTF grant - to finance cash transfer to conflict-affected households in the KP and FATA. Supporting rural livelihoods: The Bank has supported Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) since 2000 and during this time, the program has facilitated the formation of 80,000 community organizations and provided 1.9 million micro-credit loans, 16,000

community infrastructure schemes, and training support for 232,000 people in enterprise development skills. The World Bank is also assisting the Government of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK)* in implementing a program to restore vital economic and social infrastructure damaged and/or destroyed by the October 2005 earthquake by financing reconstruction of 201 primary schools, 35 other buildings including government offices, police stations, and vocational training institutes, and 24 rural roads. 190 sub projects including 24 rural roads and 166 buildings are complete. Work on 50 sites is above 80% completed, on 13 sites it is more than 60 % and on remaining seven sites it is about 50% complete. Connecting the Poorest: The Bank is working to address Pakistans vast urban and rural infrastructure deficits, often cited as the greatest constraint to sustained, rapid growth. Through its ongoing US$ 495.0 million Highways Rehabilitation Project, the Bank is helping Pakistan to improve its road network. Major achievements include: (a) road network in poor condition reduced from 49% to 39.5%; (b) network-level ride quality (measurement of how bumpy or smooth the road is) improved by 15%; (c) travel time between Karachi and Peshawar reduced from 47 hours to 42 hours; (d) fatalities on Grand Trunk Road decreased from 107 to 60 per km.

Bank Contribution
During the past five years, from Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 to March 2011 the Bank approved 35 operations totaling around US$5.0 billion (IDA $ 4395.27 million + IBRD $ 634.4 million) for Pakistan. Stringent implementation of the economic program will be critical to success, and timely responses of fiscal and monetary authorities to emerging risks will be essential to ensure it remains on track.

Partners
The World Bank works closely with a large number of donors in various activities. Partners include Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), USAID, United Kingdoms Department for International Development DFID and other bilateral partners. A good example of exploiting synergies with partners is the Banks work with DFID, EU, and the Canadian International Development Agency CIDA, around the medium term education sector reform programs of Punjab and Sindh. Post-crisis support for KP and FATA is a priority where the Bank from the very start has sought enhanced coordination among all interested partners. The MDTF for the border region aims to facilitate harmonization of donor programs with governments priorities as well as a mechanism for enhanced donor coordination across sectors in line with strategic priorities agreed between donors and government. Australia, Denmark, the European Union, Finland, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Turkey, UK, and the USA have agreed to pool a total of $140 million through the Fund to support these reconstruction activities.

Moving Forward
The Bank is deepening its engagement on social protection, community-led development, water management, agriculture, energy, and infrastructure, while maintaining strong programs in education, and irrigation. Recognizing the challenges and uncertainties facing Pakistan in the coming few years, the Banks strategy emphasizes a more focused prioritization on key outcomes with flexibility to enable the Bank Group to meet emerging challenges and opportunities.

Beneficiaries
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has supported 3.8 million microcredit loans in different parts of the country. Samina, a resident of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK)* is one of the beneficiaries of these loans. Her life was completely changed with the training and microcredit given by the World Bank supported PPAF. She said, she had no resources available for her before this program and this has turned her life around by helping her in generating household income for her kids My husband is not well and has some psychological problem and I have two kids. The vocational training that I received by PPAF is helping a lot in running the daily expenses of my house. Akbar is a very dedicated student in one of the schools in Punjab. He is very excited about the positive change in his school. He is proud of the fact that he goes to school regularly. This school comes under the Punjab Education Reform Program. I am studying in this school since I was in nursery. The building of the school has improved remarkably and the teachers come to school regularly and so do we.

Reference
http://www.google.com.pk/ http://www.worl dbank.org/ http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/PAKIS TANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20131438~menuPK:417444~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~ theSitePK:293052~isCURL:Y,00.html

http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/PAKIS TANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20131431~menuPK:293059~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~t heSitePK:293052,00.html