1

( ) 34
106 79
. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
GR. 106 79 - Athens - HELLAS
Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

71

, 15 2011

B
1
()
2
1
1 3 1
1 1 10 2 3
= 2 23 + 1 + : = : 3 7 .
8
4 2 6
3 27 3 9 2
() :
2 4 1
+ + = ,
6 6
:
8 12 2 2 3
=
+
+
.
4
3
12

()
1
1 3 1 1
1 2 1 1
1 1 1
9
= 2 23 + 1 + : = 8 + 1 + =
9 + = 9 =
,
8
4 2 6 64
4 3 6 64
6 6 64
64
2
1 10 6 9
8 4 9
8 27 9
9
1 1 10 2 3 9
= : 3 7 = :
=
:
=
= .
3 27 3 9 2 27 27 27 27 128 27 27 128 27 4 128 64
= .
.
2
1 10 6 9
8 4 9
8 1 768
1 1 10 2 3 9
:
: =
.
= : 3 7 = :
=
=
3 27 3 9 2 27 27 27 27 128 27 27 128 27 96 27
< 1< , < .
2 4 1
() + + = , :
6 6
8 12 2 2 3 8
12 2 2 3
=
+
+
=

4
3
12
4 4 3 3 12 12

1 4 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 7
+ + = + + + + = = 1.
4 3 6 4 6 4 3 4 6 6
2

2
2
20 60 .
10000 , 12000 .
30% 60% .
,
5% , 10% .

30
= 6 , 60%
100
60
60
( 20 + 60 )
= 80
= 48 .
100
100
48 6 = 42 .
5
= 500 ,
10000
100
10
12000
= 1200 .
100

6 500 + 42 1200 = 3000 + 50400 = 53400 .

30% 20

3
= 360 . =
.
. , ,
.

1
180o
= 36o , :
= = 72o .

=
= = 72 = 36o .
,

1
2
2
2

3
=
= 36o , .
A
1
2
= 36o = 72o . = 72 o .
1

= 2 = 72 , o

.


2
.
1 = 2 = 72 o ( ),
= 72 o . .
=
1

=
= = 36o ,
= .
.
1
2
2
2
.
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i)
= 27 , = = 100 + 10 + .
(ii)
,
: 3 x + 12 < 5 x 1 .
(iii) 3.

(i) :
= 27 9 9 = 27 9 ( ) = 27 = 3 .

(1)

(ii) :
3x + 12 < 5 x 1 3 x 5 x < 12 1 2 x < 13 2 x > 13 x >

13
.
2

, 7, :
+ = 7.
(2)
(1) (2)
2 = 10, 2 = 4 = 5, = 2 .
, : ,
= 3 > 7,

= 7, = 0 = 6, = 1 = 5, = 2 = 4, = 3 .
= 3 = 5, = 2 .
= 52 + 7 . ,
(iii) 3, + 7 3, , , : = 2
= 5 = 8.
, = 252 = 552 = 852

1
() :

2 x + 18 7 3x

= 1.
4
8
() :
3

1 1 1
2
= 2 +
9 20 ,
9 3

1
= .
3

()
2 x + 18 7 3 x

= 1 2 ( 2 x + 18 ) ( 7 3 x ) = 8 4 x + 36 7 + 3 x = 8
4
8
7 x + 29 = 8 7 x = 8 29 7 x = 21 x = 3.
1
() = :
3
3

1 1 1 3
1
1
1
1
1

9 20 = + 9 20
=
+
2
1 9 1
1 9 1
9
3

3 3
9

3

1
82
3

81 1
= 9 + ( 1) 1 20 = + ( 1) 1 20 = 1 20
9
9

9 9
82 9 180
271
=
=
.
9 9 9
9

2
, 0
10, 12 ( 12 ) ( 40 2 ) 0.

= 3 2 .

10 , 12 < 0 . , ( 12 ) ( 40 2 ) 0 ,

: 40 2 0 40 2 20. :
0 10 12 20 0 3 30 24 2 40
0 3 30 40 2 24,
:
40 = 3 2 6 ,
6, -40.
3
. C ,
4 cm.

5
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

.
.

(c) .

(i) : = = , = =
=
= 90o + 60o = 150o .

2
= ,
.
(ii) = , ( ). = , . OE . = 30o .

1

= =

= 75o .

1
= = 4
= 75o = 30o .
= 75o ,
:
1
1
1
= = = 4cm .
(iii) ( c ) : c = 42 = 16 .

: = 42 = 16 ,
: = 4 3 . : = 16 16 4 3 .
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i) = 198 , = = 100 + 10 + ,

6
x + 2 2

= 1 4.
x
2
(iii) 9.
(ii)

(i) :
= 198 99 ( ) = 198 = 2 .

(1)

(ii) , 2 x 0 , :
1
x + 2 2
x + 2 x + 2
1

1 = 0

= 0 ( x + 2 )
=0
x
x
2
2
2 x
1
1
x + 2 = 0
= 0 x = 2 x = 2
2 x
, (ii) 4,
(2)
( 2 ) + ( 2 ) = 4 + = 4 ,
2 2 .
(1) (2)
2 = 6, 2 = 2 = 3, = 1
.
= 3 1 4 + . ,
(iii) 9, 4 + = .(9) , ,
, = 5 .
, 351.

1
(i) , + 10
.

2
.
2

(ii) x = 5 +

(i) = 0 , + 10 = ,
.
, 0 , = + 10 .

= + 10 = 10

= 10 , .

+ 10 , = 0 .

(ii) x = 5 +

2
.
2
2

2
2
11
x = 5 +
= 5 + + 10 = + 10 ,
2
4
2

, , (i).
2

( x 2)

= x 2 + 4 ,

2
x 4 x + 4 = x 2 + 4 x 2 4 x + 4 = x 2 + 4 x = 1 .

x 0 , x , :

< 1 , 1 > 0 . :
x = 1 x = 1 .
= 1, x = 0 .
> 1 , .

3

.
.
.
: = = = .

= x = .
P : 1 =
1
2

= x = .
, : =

1
2
2

= x = , :
1 =
2
2
= .
(1)

3
, :
= .
= .
(1), (2) = 1 =
3
:
+
+ = 180o 2 x + 2 = 180o x + = 90o ,
1 +
2
3
1

(2)

( ) P :
AM .
, .
,
=
= ).
(
1
2
2
= = = , .
4
, ,
+ + = 2010 + + = 22 3 52 67 2 .

( + + )

= 20102 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ( + + ) = 20102
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 2 ( + + )
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 2 ( 22 3 52 67 2 )

2
20102
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 20102 =
.
3
3

9
20102 1
+ + ( + + ) =
20102 = 0
3
3
2
2
2
+ + = 0
1
( 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 ) = 0
2
2

( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
2

= = 0 = = ,
, 0 0 0,

( ) + ( ) + ( )
2

> 0.

, + + = 2010 = = = 670 .

10

( x 1)

= 2x + ,

x2 2 x + 1 = 2 x + x2 2 ( x + x ) + 1 = 0 .

x , :
(i) x 0 . (1)
x2 4 x + 1 = 0 ,
= 16 4 (1 ) = 4 ( 3 + ) .

(1)

(2)

(2) , , , 3 .
= 1 S = 4 > 0.
, (2) :
= 3 , , x = 2 .
3 < 1 , , x = 2 3 + . ,
= 1 , x = 4 x = 0 .
> 1 , , x = 2 + 3 +
(ii) x < 0 . (1)
x2 + 1 = 0 ,
(3)
, x = 1 , > 1 .
, , , :
< 3 , .
= 3 , , x = 2 .
3 < 1 , , x = 2 3 + .
> 1 , , x = 2 + 3 + , x = 1 .
2
:
x +y +z = 8

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 26
xy + xz = ( yz + 1) .
2

x +y +z = 8

x +y +z = 8
x +y +z = 8
2

2
2
x + y + z = 26 ( x + y + z ) 2 ( xy + yz + zx ) = 26 xy + yz + zx = 19

2
2
2
xy + xz = ( yz + 1)
xy + xz = ( yz + 1)

xy + xz = ( yz + 1)

11
x +y +z = 8
x + ( y + z) = 8
x + ( y + z ) = 8

xy + yz + zx = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19

yz = 6 yz = 3
2
2

19 yz = ( yz + 1)
( yz ) + 3 ( yz ) 18 = 0
x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8
x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8

x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) = 16 x ( y + z ) = 25

yz = 3

yz = 3
yz = 6
yz = 6

x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8
x + ( y + z) =8 x + ( y + z) =8

x ( 8 x ) = 16 x ( 8 x ) = 25 x 2 8 x + 16 = 0 x 2 8 x + 25 = 0
yz = 3

yz = 6
yz = 3
yz = 6

x + ( y + z) =8
x + ( y + z ) = 8

x =4

x=4
x 8 x + 25 = 0 ( ) y + z = 4
yz = 3

yz = 3
yz = 6

x =4
x =4

z = 4 y z = 4 y ( x, y, z ) = ( 4,1,3) ( x, y, z ) = ( 4,3,1) .
y ( 4 y ) = 3
y 2 4 y + 3 = 0

3
1 1 1
1
, ,
, :
+ + =

(
1

+ 3 )

2 + 2

(
+

+ 3 )

2 + 2

(
+

+ 3 )

2 + 2

< 2.

( 3 + 3 ) = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) < ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) = + ,
(
)
2 + 2
2 + 2
2 + 2
2
2 + 2
2

( 3 + 3 ) = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) ( )
2
1
= ( + ) .
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
+
+
+
(2) , , , = .

3 + 3 )
(
1
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) .
2
+

3 + 3 )
(
1
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) ,
+
2

3 + 3 )
(
1
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) .
+
2
(4) (5) , , = = , .
(3), (4) (5) :.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

12

(
+ +

+ 3 )

(
+

+ 3 )

(
+

+ 3 )

< 2 ( + + )
(6)
2 + 2
2 + 2
2 + 2
:
1 1 1
1
(7)
+ + =
+ + = 1 ,

(6) (7) .
, , = = , + + = 1 , 3
.
3
.
1 1 1
1
, , ,
.
+ + =

, , ,
+ + = 1 ,

= = =

+ 3 )

(
+

+ 3 )

(
+

+ 3 )

2,
2 + 2
2 + 2
2 + 2
, , , , ,
.

4
( < A ) (c)
O R .
(c1 ) , O r = OM ( M B ). (c1 ) T ,
(c) N1 ( BN < BM ). (c1 )
, K (c) K1 (
K < M ). BN1 , 1 AM ().

AN1 , A1 ( c ) , ( c1 ) , . O, O ( c1 ) ,
AN1 , A1 ( c ) . O,
O ( c1 ) , AN1 , A1
( c ) . O, O ,
( c1 ) .
AN1 = A1 = (*) , , AN1 , A1
, . ,
:
= = = 1 = = 1
(1)
N ( c1 ) NM, NT ,

NM = NT
(2)
(1) (2) :

13
(1) : = 1 (:) 1
=
P 1

(2) : = N
(1) (2) :
(1) : = (:)
=
/ /

(2) : =

(3)

(4)

4
(3) (4) N1 P . K1 P .
N1 K1 , . N1 , K1 .
(*) .
( , .46, )

14

1
, , 12, :

+ 42 )

(
+

+ 4 2 )
4

(
+

+ 4 2 )
4

> 12

2 + 42 4, 2 + 4 2 4 , 2 + 4 2 4 ,
:
2 + 42 )
(
2 + 42 4

= 1 ( = 2)

4
4
4
2 + 4 2 )
(
2 + 4 2 4

= 1 ( = 2 )

4
4
4

2 + 4 2 )
(
2 + 4 2 4

= 1 ( = 2 )

4
4
4
(2), (3) (4) :

+ 42 )
4

(
+

+ 4 2 )
4

(
+

+ 4 2 )
4

+ + = 12 .

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)

(5) , , ,
(2), (3) (4) :
= 2, = 2 , = 2 ,
= = = 0 , , , , . :
( 2 + 42 ) + (2 + 4 2 ) + ( 2 + 4 2 ) > 12 .
4
4
4
2
:
2
x + 2 xy = 5
()
2
.
y 3xy = 2

( x, y ) ( ), x = 0 y = 0 , 0 = 5 0 = -2, .
xy 0 , , :

15
5
1 + 2m
5m 2 11m + 2 = 0
=
2

x + 2 xy
5
5
m 3m

2
=
=

y
2
2
y
y 3 xy
2
2
=m
y
y

=m
x

x
x

1+ 2

y
x

1
1

m=
m = 2 m = 5

m = 2
5

.
y
y = 2x
x

=m
y=

x
5

7 x2

5 7
x 2 + 2 xy = 5
= 5
x
=

x + 2 xy = 5
x = 1
5 x = 5 5

7
()

x
x
y = 2x
y = 2x y =
y = 2x y = x

y=
5

5
5

5 7 7
5 7
7
,
,
( x, y ) = (1, 2 ) ( x, y ) = ( 1, 2 ) ( x, y ) =
( x, y ) =
.
7
7
7
7
2

3
(c) O R . OB ( (c1 ) ), A K
. (c2 ) (c3 ) O . (c1 ) , (c2 ) (c3 )
.

R1 , R2 , R3 ( c1 ),( c2 ) ( c3 ) .
R1 = R2 = R3 .
=B
.
AKOB :
1
1

AOB : = .
2

= .
OB , :
2
2

O , : 1 = 1 .
=
= ,
,
, = = .

:
1. = ( ( c ) )
2. ()
3. = ( ).
, ( c1 ) ( c3 ) .
( c1 ) ( c 2 ) ( 1 )
( c1 )
( c2 ) .

16
E = () =

4R
.
E1 = () E2 = ()
. :

E1 = () =

4 R1
1 4 R2

1 = 2
,
(1)
=

2 4 R1
2 R1
E2 = () =

4 R2
( = ,
).

5

.

:
E1

=
1 =
.
(2)
2
E2
(1) (2) R1 = R2 .
( c1 ) ( c 2 ) (2 )
, :
a

=
=
= 2R .

:

= 2 R1
= 2 R2 .

( )
( )
= , : R = R .

1

4
an , n * ,

17

an +1 = an

k
, n * , a1 = 1 ,
n
2

k .
(i)
an n k .
1
(ii) k , n : an = 1000 .
2

(i)
k
k
k
a2 = a1 , a3 = a2 2 , ... , an = an 1 n 1 , n = 1, 2,3,...
2
2
2
:
n

1
1

1
2
1 1

an = a1 k + 2 + + n 1 = 1 k 1 +
1

2
2 2
1

1 n
k
an = 1 + k 2k 1 = (1 k ) + n 1 , n = 1, 2,3,...
2
2

(ii) :

k
1
= 1000 (1 k ) 2n 1+1000 + k 21000 = 2n 1 ,
n 1
2
2
2
*
k n , n > 1 .
an =

1000

(1 k ) +

2n 1+1000 2n 1 = k ( 2n 1+1000 21000 ) .

2n 1+1000 2n 1
> 0, k .
(1)
2n 1+1000 21000
n 1 > 1000 n > 1001, (1) ,
k ( 0,1) , .
k=

n 1 < 1000 n < 1001, :

2n 1+1000 2n 1
21000 2n 1
1 2n 1001

1
=
=
,
2n 1+1000 21000
2n 1+1000 21000
2n 1 1
0 < k 1 < 1 , .
n 1 = 1000 n = 1001 , (1) k = 1 .

k 1 =