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BI TP KINH T VI M - BT KINH T VI M
Mt hng sn xut c hm cu l:Q=130-10P
a) Khi gi bn P=9 th doanh thu l bao nhiu?Tnh co gin ca cu theo gi ti
mc gi ny v cho nhn xt.
b) Hng ang bn vi gi P=8,5 hng quyt nh gim gi tng doanh thu.quyt
nh ny ca hng ng hay sai?V sao?
c) Nu cho hm cung Qs=80, hy tnh gi v lng cn bng?Tnh co gin ca
cu theo gi ti mc gi cn bng v cho nhn xt.
A) THAY p=9 vao ham cau ta duoc q=40 khi ta suy ra R=P.Q= 9.40=360
Ep=(-10).9/ 40= -2,25
nhan xet; ham cau co dan vi Ep=2,25
B)cung tuong tu nhu tren ta thay vao ham cau ta duoc q=45 nen khi do ta suy ra doanh thu
luc bay gio la R2=45.8,5=382,5 > 360 nen khi ta ha gia thi tong doanh thu se tang nen
cach lua chon nay dung
C)vi tai vi tri can bang thi th trng se ; ham cau = ham cung nen:
Qs=Qd =>p=5
Ep=(-10).5/ 80= -0,625
nhan xet: ham cau it co dan
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho c hm tng chi ph la TC=Qbnh+Q+169 trong
Q l sn lng sn phm con TC o bng $
a. hy cho bit FC,VC,AVC,ATC,v MC
b. nu gi th trng l 55$,hy xc nh li nhun ti a hng c th thu c
c. xc nh sn lng ha vn ca hng
d. khi no hng phi ng c sn xut
e. xc nh ng cung ca hng
f. gi s chnh ph nh thu 5$/n v sp th iu g s xy ra?
g. khi mc gi trn thi trng l 30$ th hng c tip tc sn xut ko v sn lng
l bao nhiu?
a/ FC:chi ph c nh, l chi ph khi Q= 0, FC = 169
VC l chi ph bin i, = TC - FC = Q bnh + Q
AVC:chi ph bin i trung bnh, = VC/Q = Q+1
ATC: chi ph trung bnh = AVC+AFC hay = TC/Q = Q+1+169/Q
MC: chi ph bin, = (TC)' = 2Q+1
b/ Gi P = 55, ti a ha li nhun, MC=P
=> Q = 27 v TR-TC = 55x27 - 27x27-27-169 = 560
c/Ha vn khi TC=TR <=> PQ=TC
55P= Q bnh +Q+169 => Q= 50,66 hay Q = 3,33
d/ Hng ng ca khi P< ATC min
M ATC = Q+1+169/ Q
Ly o hm ca ATC = 1 - 169/Q bnh
=> Q= 13 => ATC min = 27
Vy khi gi < hay = 27, hng s ng ca sn xut
e/ng cung ca hng l ng MC, bt u t im ng ca P=27 tr ln.
f/ Nu CP nh thu 5$ th chi ph sn xut mi mc s tng ln 5$. ng cung dch ln
trn, im ng ca dch ln thnh 32.
g/Khi gi l 30, nu nh sau khi nh thu th s khng sn xut v n di im ng
ca l 32.
Cn trc khi nh thu gi l 32 th vn s sn xut.
NSX s sn xut sao cho MC=P
<=> 2Q+1 = 32 => Q= 15,5
hm cu v hm s cung ca mt sn phm c cho doi y
cu: P=-1/2Q+100; cung: P=Q+10 (P: ng, Q:kg)
1.Hy tm im cn bng ca th trng
2.Hy tnh co gin ca cung v cu theo gi ti im cn baengf cu th trng
3.Hy tnh thng d sn xut, thng d tiu dng, thng d ton x hi. Gi s
chnh ph nh thu 5ng/vsp.Tn tht x hi do thu gy ra l bao nhiu? v
sao li c khon tn tht ?
4.Nu nh nc p t mc gi trn cho sn phm l 50 ng, hy tnh khon tn
tht v ch ca phc li x hi v hy gii thch ti sao li c khoan tn tht ny?
a) Ti im cn bng: PE=PS=PD, QE=QS=QD=> Gii pt cung cu c: PE=70 V QE=60
b) Ed= Q'd*P/Q= - 2,33, Es= Q's*P/Q= 1,167
c) v hnh ra c : CS= 900, PS=1800=> NSB=CS+PS=2700
G/S CP nh thu vo ngi sn xut l : t= 5=> PS=Q+15
im cn bng mi: PE'=71.67, QE'=56,67
gi m ngi tiu dng phi tr: PD= Gi cn bng sau thu= 71,67
gi m ngi sn xut phi tr: PS= 71,67- T=66,67
CS=802,73, PS= 1605,74=> NSB= 2408,47
Phn mt khng l: 291,53
d)PC= 50 => QD=100,QS=40=> DWL= 300
Trong cnh tranh c quyn:nu chnh ph nh thu a ngn ng/sn phm, th
sn lng ti u, gi bn v li nhun ca doanh nghip thay i nh th no?
Gi s hm tng chi ph trc thu l TC th MC= TC'
Khi chnh ph nh thu a ng/sp Th hm tng chi ph mi l
TC1= TC+a*Q nn MC1=TC1'=TC'+(a*Q)'=MC+a
C li nhun ti a th MR=MC1
Gii ra tm c P v Q lc
v tnh c li nhun ti a
khi chnh ph nh thuc ngn ng/ sn phm th gnh nng thu kha ny ai l
ngi phi gnh chu? c th l bao nhiu?
Khi chnh ph nh thu thng thng c nh sn xut ln ngi tiu dng u phi chu
thu
theo cng thc nh sn xut phi chu 1 khon thu bng (Ed*t)/(Es-Ed) cn ngi tiu
dng chu (Es*t)/(Es-Ed) . Do vy khi Ed>Es th ngi sn xut phi chu phn ln thu v
ngc li khi Es>Ed th gnh nng thu dn vo ngi tiu dng
Khi Ed=Es th thu c phn b u cho c hai bn
Ngoi ra khi Ep<1 th khi gi hng ha tng th tng doanh thu s tng v ngc li
khi khng c h s co gin th ta c th dng h s gc trong phng trnh cung v cu
tnh t trng phan b thu
Nh l (Ed*t)/(Es-Ed)=(Ad*t)/(As-Ad) vi As v Ad ln lt l h s gc ca ng cung v
ng cu
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho c hm tng chi ph la TC=Qbnh+Q+169 trong
Q l sn lng sn phm con TC o bng $
a. hy cho bit FC,VC,AVC,ATC,v MC
b. nu gi th trng l 55$,hy xc nh li nhun ti a hng c th thu c
c. xc nh sn lng ha vn ca hng
d. khi no hng phi ng c sn xut
e. xc nh ng cung ca hng
f. gi s chnh ph nh thu 5$/n v sp th iu g s xy ra?
Qe=Qs=80.
Vy mc gi cn bng l P=5, mc sn lng cn bng l Q=80
co gin ca dong cu= -10x5/80= -0,625.
Vy khi gi thay i 1% th lng s thay i 0,625%
Cho bit h s co gin cu v xe my i vi gi ca n l 1,7.H s co gin v xe
my i vi gi xng l 0,6.H s co gin cu v xe my vi thu nhp l 1.D bo
trong nm ti gi xng tng 10%, thu nhp tng 10%. Hy xc nh u ca cc
h s co gin trn. gi nguyn lng cu v xe my trong nm ti bng nm
nay th nn thay i gi xe my theo chiu hng no v thay i bao nhiu %?
do gi tng thi luong cau ve xe may giam nn Ep = -1.7
tuong tu: do gi xng tng ngi ta s mua t xe my i nn Ek = -0,6
Ei = 1 vi thu nhap tang ngui tiu dng giu c hn nn mua nhiu hon
gia xang tang 10 % thi luong tieu dung tang -6 %
thu nhap tang 10 % thi .............................10%
luong tieu dung tng 4%.suy ra d luong tieu dung trong nm ti ko i th nn tang gi xe
my d luong cau giam -4% =>gia tang 4:1.7=.....%
Mt ngi tiu dng c thu nhp l I -1,5triu/thng mau hai hng ha X v Y.
Gi ca hng ha X l 15,000ng/kg v hng ha Y l 5000 ng/kg Hm tng
li ch c hco bi TU = 2XY
A. Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u? Li nhun ha ti a thu c bao nhiu.?
B. Nu thu nhp tng ln gp i th kt hp tiu dng ti u mi l bao nhiu?
C. Nu thu nhp ca ng tiu dng vn l 1,5 triu/thng nhng gi ca hng ha X
gim cn 10,000ng/kg, Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u mi.
a/Ta c: MUx=2Y, MUy=2X
=> kt hp tiu dng ti u th X,Y phi tha mn h phng trnh:
15000X+5000Y=1500000
MUx/MUy=Px/Py
=>X=50,Y=150 =>li nhun ti a thu c l: TU=2*50*150=15000
b/ Nu thu nhp tng ln gp i m gi cc hng ha khng thay i th kt hp tiu dng
ti u l : Xo=2X=100 , Yo=2Y=300 (ta cng c th dng cch gii nh cu a gii phn
ny)
c/Nu gia hng ha X gin cn 10000 th kt hp ti u th X*,Y* phi tha mn h sau
10000X*+5000Y*=1500000
MUx/MUy=Px/Py
=> X*=75,Y*=150
mt hng c quyn c ng cu Q=120-P tng chi ph ngn hn TC=2Q(lp
phng)-6Q(bnh)-31Q+120
a, vit phng trnh biu din cc chi ph ngn hn
hng s sn xut ban nhiu sn phm ti a ha li nhun.khi gia bn,tng
doanh thu,tng chi ph v li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?xc dnh mc sn lng
hng ti a ha doanh thu.khi gi bn, tng doanh thu,tng chi ph v li
nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?
d,gi s chnh ph dnh thu l 30 ng/1 n v sn phm .khi gi bn, doanh
thu,li nhun s thay i nh th no?
a/ Ta c:
khi Q= 0 th FC=TC =>FC=120 =>VC = 2Q^3 - 6Q^2 - 31Q
MC= TC'=6Q^2 - 12Q - 31
TR=P*Q=Q*(120 -Q)=120Q -Q^2
=> MR=TR'=120 - 2Q
ti a ha li nhun th MC=MR
=> 6Q^2 -12Q -31=120 -2Q => Q=5.9 =>P= 114.1
=> TR=673.2, TC= 139, LN=534.2
ti a ha doanh thu th MR=0
=> 120 -2Q=0 =>Q=60 =>P=60, TR=3600, TC=214260 ,LN= -210660 (l)
MC*=15
ti a ha li nhun th: MR=MC* => Q=15,P=15
LN= TR-TC=0
Gi nh hm s cung v hm s cu th trng go ca Vit Nam l:
Qs=20P-100 v Qd=80-10P
a) Hy xc nh gi c cn bng,s lng cn bng v m t bng th?
b) h tr cho ngi tiu dng,nh nc n nh gi ti a P=5.5 ,hi lng
thiu ht trn th trng l bao nhiu?
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht ,nh nc nhp khu go vi gi quy i l 6.5
,trng hp ny ngn sch nh nc phi b l s tin l bao nhiu ?L ngi tiu
dng bn c li g khi nh nc thc hin nhp khu thay v phn phi theo nh
lng /?
a) cn bng th trng <=>Qs= Qd<=>20P-100=80-10P <=> P*=6 => Q*=20
(bn v ng cung ng cu ln th th im m 2 ng y ct nhau chnh l im
cn bng, gi cn bng =6 v lng cn bng = 20)
b) khi chnh ph p t gi P=5,5$ < P*
khi Qs=20*5,5-100=10 v Qd=80-10*5,5=25
=> Qd>Qs=> thiu ht th trng = Qd-Qs= 25-10=15
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht, nh nc phi nhp khu vi gi 6,5$ =>vi lng thiu
ht l 15( n v g ) th s ngn sch nh nc phi chi = 15*6,5=97,5($)
* l ngi tiu dng,khi chnh ph phi nhp go b phn thiu ht do chnh ph p t
gi trn < gi cn bng, th chng ta- nhng ngi tiu dng s mua c sn phm vi gi
r hn, nn s mua nhiu hn;)
Th trng sn phm X c hm cung v cu c dng=60-1/3Qd ,p=1/2Qs-15
a)Gi s chnh ph nh thu l gim sn lng cn bng xung v bng 84.Xc
nh mc thu chnh ph nh vo mi sn phm la bao nhiu?
b) tin thuu m ngi tiu dng phi chu trn mi sn phm?
c)S thay i trong thng d tiu dng v thng d sn xut khi chnh ph nh
thu?
d) tn tht v ch xy ra khi chnh ph nh thu
a)* Cn bng cung cu khi chnh ph cha nh thu
<=> 60-(1/3)*Q=(1/2)*Q-15<=>Q*=90=>P*=30
v khi c thu, sn lng cn bng gim=> thu nh vo cu( gia tng=> cu gim)
* Gi s chnh ph nh thu mi sn phm l t($)
khi hm cumi l Pd'= Ps+t=(1/2)*Q-15+t
=>cn bng cung cu mi l <=> 60-(1/3)*Q=(1/2)*Q-15+t
m lng cn bng mi l 84, thay vo phng trnh cn bng cung cu mi => t=......
vy chnh ph nh vo mi sn phm l......$
B)Gi cn bng sau khi c thu l P=......=> so vi gi cn bng lc u th ngi tiu dng
s c mua dt hn... /1 sn phm=> ngi tiu dng phi chu...../1 sn phm
c)cu c v d, bn ch cn v hnh ra l s thy
khi cha c thu, thng d sn xut l phn din tch nm di ng gi cn bng,trn
ng cung,thng d tiu dng l phn din tch nm trn ng gi cn bng, di ng
cu
**** Khi c thu, th thng d sn xut l phn din tch nm trn dng cung, di ng
gi cn bng mi, v c ging ln t lng cu Q=84 na( b chn y), thng d tiu
dng l phn din tch di ng cu, trn ng gi cn bng mi, v cng b chn bi
ng thng ging t 84 thng ng ln
Cho hm s cung v cu ca sn phn X c dng P= Q+ 20 v P= -2Q+ 140. Nu
chnh ph nh thu mi Click here
l 9vt, th gi cn bng mi l bao nhiu?
nu ko i th th ny nh:
Nu chnh ph nh thu mi sn phm l 9dvt ==> Hm cung mi nh :
P=Q + 20 + 9 = Q + 29 (1)
40-10P=0 vy P=4
vy P=4 th tng doanh thu ln nht
Mt ngi tiu dng c thu nhp l I = 1.5triu ng/thng mua hai hng ha
X v Y.Gi ca hng ha X l 15.000 ng/kg v hng ha Y l 5000 ng/kg.Hm
tng li ch c cho bi TU=2XY.
a.Xc nh kt hp tiu dung ti u?Li ch ti a thu c l bao nhiu?
b.nu thu nhp tng ln gp i th kt hp tiu dng ti u mi l bao nhiu?
c.Nu thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng vn l 1.5 triu ng/thng nhng gi ca
hng ha X gim xung cn 10.000 ng/kg.Xc nh kt hp tieu dng ti u
mi.
Ta c Mux/Px= 2y/15000, Muy/py=2x/5000 v X.Px + Y.Py = I <==>15000X + 5000Y =
1.5tr
kt hp 2 phng trnh Mux/Px = Muy/py v X.Px + Y.Py = I
gii pt ra tm X, Y l xc nh c cch kt hp tiu dng ti u
C X, Y thay z TU = 2XY l tm c li ch ti a
My cu di tng t thi;)
Cho biu thc xc nh sn phm bin ca lao ng l (14 - 0,08L) vi L s lng
lao ng .
a.Hy tm biu thc m t cu v lao ng vi tin cng danh ngha W v mc gi
P.
b.Xc nh cu v lao ng khi tin cng danh ngha bng 4 nghn , 3 nghn , 1
nghn ng vi mc gi bng 1 .
c.V th ng cu lao ng .
TU (x,y) =X.Y
1, Vit phng trnh ngn sch ngi tiu dng v minh ho trn th?
2, tnh M,MUy v t l thay th cn bin gia hai hng ho ny?
3, ti a ha li ch, ngi tiu dng nn mua baoa nhiu hng ho X v Y? tnh
tng lic ch ti a ? Minh ho ln th?
4, Gi s hai hng ho khng i nhng thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng l 90.000.
Hy xc nh im tiu dng ti u mi ca ngi tiu dng? dng th minh
ho?
5, Nu thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng v gi hng ho X khng thay i cn gi
hng ho Y l 3.000 thi im tiu dng ti u mi thay i nh th no? Thit lp
biu cu hng ho Y v minh ho trn th?
pt g ns I=1300X+1000Y=60000 =>Y=60-13/10X
MUx=(TUx)'=Y
MUy=X
MRS=MUx/MUy=Y/X
ti a ha li ch tha mn h sau MUx/Px=MUy/Py V 1300X+1000Y=60000
=>X=300/13
Y=30
TU max=X*Y=300/13*30=900/13
Khi I=90000 pt dg ns mi l Y=90-13/10X
tng t nh trn nh.im tiu dng ti u chnh l im m ti ti ha li ch.sau
a li tm TU max
khi I=90000 Px ko thay i ,Py=3000,cng lp h tng t nhe'
biu cu l P=1000 3000
Q 45 15
bai 1.Cho hm cung,cu SP X: Qd= 40-P , Qs=10+2p
Tm gi v sn lng cn bng trn th trng.
bi 2.Th trng sn phm X dang cn bng mc gi P=15 vaQ=20.ti im cn
bng ny,h s ca cu co dn theo gi v ca cung theo gi ln lt l -1/2v
1/2.Gi d hm s cung v ham so cu l hm tuyn tnh.Xc nh hm s cung v
hm s cu th trng.
bi 3 Vo nm 2006,do xut khu c go nn cu v go tng.Hm cu go by
gi la: Qd1=110-10P.Xc nh gi v sn lng cn bng mi.
cu 1: cung cu cn bng nn ta c Qd=Qs=>40-P =10 + 2P
gii pt trn ta c : p=10, Q = 30.
cu 2: pt TQ cu Qd = a +bP, Qs= a1+b1P, p=15,Q=20
co gin cu theo gi ta c: Ep = (dQ/dP)P/Q)=-1/2
=> (15b/20)=-1/2
=>b=-4/3
=>thay vo pt t c a=40
vy pt cu :Qd= 40-4P/3
tng t: ta cng c Qs = 4P/3
cu 3:cng gii ging cu 1, Qd1=Qs
<=>10+2P=110-10p
<=>P=8.3
=>Q = 17.
Mt nh c quyn c hm tng chi ph: TC = Q2 + 6Q + 120. Sn phm ca nh
c quyn ny c bn trn th trng c hm cu l: P = 50 - 0,1Q.
1.Xc nh gi c v sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn.
2. Nu mc tiu l ti a ha doanh thu th quyt nh ca nh c quyn s nh
th no? Khi li nhun l bao nhiu?
3.Nu chnh ph nh thu c nh 1 ln T=100 th gi c, sn lng v li nhun
thay i nh th no?
a)iu kin ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn : MR=MC
MC=TC'=2Q+6 v MR=TR'=(P*Q)'=(50Q-0,1Q2)=50-0,2Q
=>2Q+6=50-0,2Q=>Q=20 , P=48
b) ti a ha doanh thu TR max khi MR=0=>50-0,2Q= 0<=>Q=250 , P=25 Khi : pi=
TR- TC= - 57870=> Doanh nghip b l
c) T= 100=> TC= Q2+6Q+220
P= 48, Q= 20 nhng pi = TR- TC= 960-740= 220
gi la nm va qua l 2000$/kg; sn lng cn bng l 5000 tn. nm nay do hn
hn nn nhng ngi nng dn trng la b mt ma. h s co dn ca cu v la
theo gi c l - 0.6
-thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay l tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
- gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao
nhiu?
- thu nhp ngi nng dn trng la thay i bao nh?
- thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
tra li:
h s co dn ca cu v la theo gi c l|- 0.6|<1
Cu co gin t nn P& TR ng bin. Khi gi ca th trng gim th thu nhp ca nng dn
gim xung so vi trc.
-gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao nhiu?
Ta c: Ed=P/Q*(Q2-Q1)/(P2-P1)=>Q(nam nay)=2500*1.5/|-0.6|=6250(tn)
-thu nhp nm nay=2500*6250*10^3=15625*10^6 triu ng
thu nhp nm ngoi=2000*5000*10^3=10000*10^6 triu ng
Phn trm thu nhp nm ngoi=10000*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~ 10%
Phn trm thu nhp nm nay=15625*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~90%
Vy thu nhp ca ngi nng dn nm nay tng hn 9 ln so nm ngoi.