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trSwfw&'Pf&m 'g[m trSwfw&'Pf&m
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rif;odrSmyg (igav) wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef
tcspfysufvkdU twGif;vkduf ylavmifuRrf; vrf;Mum;xJu oDcsif; rsm;
vufrcH rcsdKEkdifbl;
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jyefrvmbl; qkH;jzwfcJhNyD;rS awGa0ovm; rif;odrSmyg (igav)
wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef
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igvkdcsifwmawG ,kHMunfwmawG ra&&mbl; tcspfa& tvum;yJ
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(rif;od&JUvm; igav wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef)4
rif;od&JUvm; tcspfa& ighrSmwpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef
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tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm;
xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; - jrifhrdk;atmif
tjrefvmyg tdyfrufuav;a& 'Dtcsdef tjyifrSm &ufpufwJhnawG
rif ; &J U urÇ m ajrxJ ol U rsuf E smav;tm; ,l a qmif a y;ygvm;uG m
&ifrSm'Pf&m tkd - a0;vGifhoGm;atmif
tjrefvmyg tdyfrufuav;a& t&ifvkdig[m olU&JUEIwfcrf;av; awG
wrf;waeNyD;av olU&JUtoHav;rsm; jyefvnfMum;a,mif wJhtcg tkd
a0;vGifhoGm;r,f tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm; (a0;vGifh&JU tvGrf;rD;vQHrsm;)
tjyifurÇmrSm wkdUESpfa,muf a0;aeqJ 'gayr,fh rifha&SUrsm cPav;
awGUcGihf&&if jyefqkHygap tdrfrufav;a& tkd; - 'gayr,fhvnf; (ig)
ajy;rvGwfbl; ighaoG;xJ (rSm)
tjrefvmyg tdyfrufuav;a& 'g[mwkdU&JU wu,fhb0vkd tjrJwrf;
,kHMunfw,f tkd a0;vGifhoGm;r,f tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm; (wrf;wrdaeqJ)
(tkd a0;vGifhoGm;r,f tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm;) (wrf;wrdaeqJ tkd a0;vGifh
oGm;r,f tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm;) (tkd tjrJwrf;waeqJ) (tkd a0;vGifh oGm;r,f
tvGrf;&JUrD;vQHrsm;) (tdk wrf;wrdaeqJ)
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xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; -0if;rif;axG;
xm0pOf &nf&G,f&m xm0pOfomaysmf&Tif&m rif;twGufyg igBudfK;
pm;w,f tcspf&,f rif;twGufyg xm0pOf &nf&G,f&m xm0pOfom
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rif;[m ighpdwful;,OftvSqkH;yef;yg tdrfrufawG tukefjzpfoGm;
u,fwifjcif; oDcsif;av; tkd rif;wpfa,mufom ighwrf;w&m
touf&Sifjcif;av;&,f avQmufvSrf;zkdU&m tkd vrf;uav;&,f tpOf
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xm0pOftjrJ v0&JUtokduftNrHK&,f (tkd) &ifrSmaqmufwJh tdrfav;
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tcspf&,f) ykdifqkdifcGifh wpfaeUawmh&r,faemf &ifxJutdrfav;
b0udkwnfaqmufa&; ([l;) wkdUawGtwlzefqif; (wkdUzefqif; r,f)
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vkHNcHKaEG;axG;jcif;rsm;eJU wkdUESpfa,muf&JUtdrf&m (tkd) tdrfav; wpfvkH;
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wpfaeUawmh&r,faemf &ifxJutdrfav; tcspfukd,kHMunfjcif; ([l;)
b0ukdauseyfjcif; (wkdUauseyfw,f) arQmfvifh&if; ESpfodrfh&r,f^
0r;fajrmufMur,f wkdUESpfa,muf&JUtdrf&m
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xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; -xl;tdrfoif
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vifhjcif; tcspfukd zefqif;ol tMuifemrsuf0ef;awG ukd,fhukdpkd;rkd; aecJhNyD
tdrfrufvkd ysufjy,fa0;vGifhatmif xm;cJhrSmvm; ykdifqkdif csifayr,fh
pdwfrSm r,kH&Jyg ukd,fhcspfolav; wm&mMu,fyGifhav; wpfyGifhvkd
awmufpm;ol &ifrSmMunfEl;pGm tcspfrSm rl;,pfaecJhNyD (tdrfrufav;vkd
ysufjy,fa0;vGifhatmif)2
olb,fvkd&ifxJ em;vnfrvJ udk,fpkd;&GHUrdae wpfcsdefcsdef pGefUypfoGm; rSmyJ
aMomf - ckdifrmpGm xm0pOfcspfrSmvm; aysmfp&m Munfp,foGm; rSmvm;
tdyfrufav;vkd ysufjy,fvGifhatmif oGm;awmhrSmvm; ykdifqkdifae ayr,fh
pdwfrSmr,kH&Jyg ukd,faMuuGJ&rSm olUtay: t½l;trl;wG,fNid ae
(tdyfrufav;vkd ysufjy,fvGifhatmif)3 oGm;awmhrSmvm;
ukd,fMuifemol (cspfol) ukd,fMuifemol (cspfol) oGm;awmhrSmvm;
 9 10
oGm;
xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; - 0if;rif;axG;
"m;oGm;rsm;u tkd; yef;awGvkdyGifh rif;ukd vufwGJac:r,fh vrf;rsm; oGm;&JrS
tm;vkH;&r,f rif;,kHMunfrS tem*wf rif;arQmfvifhorQ tukefjzpfvdrfhr,f
tm; pGefUpm;&JrS qkH;zwfvkdufoGm;zkdU oGm;oGm; oGm; oGm;oGm;oGm; rrlygeJU
tcspf&Sdw,f rif;a&SUuavQmufr,f tcspf raMumufygeJU vlUb0u
odyf½IyfayG vrf;rvkd tkd tcspfeJU wkdUpGefUpm; wpfa,mufeJUwpfa,mufrcGJ
(twlaygh) tqdyfoihfaewJh rdk;a&pufawGMum;rSm oGm;MupkdU tkd tm;
oG,fr,fa[h oHo, wHcg;rsm;ukdvnf; jzwf ausmfvmcJh
opömw&m;vnf; ykdtm; aumif;oGm; 'DurÇmaumuf uspfrIwkdU vkH;0r&SdwJh
tcspfe,fajropf rif;a&mufoGm;apcsifvkdU tcspf&JU tm; pGefUpm;&if;eJU
vufwGJoGm;r,f vma[h oGm;(11)
rylygeJUcpfolav; (rylygeJU cspfolav;a&) rif;a&SUuavQmufr,f
raMumufygeJU vlUb0[m odyf½IyfayG vrf;rvkd tdkf tcspfeJU wkdUpGefU pm;
wpf a ,muf e J U wpf a ,muf r cG J (twl a ygh ) tqd y f o ih f a ewJ h
rdk;a&pufawGMum;rSm oGm;MupkdU tkd tm; oG,fr,fa[h tjrJwrf;
Nidrf;csrf;7atmif t½l;trl;oGm;
tylygeJU cspfolav; rif;b0eJU ighb0eJU touf[m qufaew,f
vlUb0[m odyf½IyfayG vrf;rvkd tdk tcspfeJUwkdUpGefUpm; wpfa,muf
eJUwpfa,mutwlaygh tqdyfoihfaewJh rdk;a&pufawGMum;rSm oGm;MupkdU
tkd oGm;r,fa[h twlwlaygh tm; oGm;rSmaygh
11
csKdaomt½HI;
xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; - jrifhrdk;atmif
csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; ightwGuftcspfa&
csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKjrdefaomt½IH; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; rif;tEkdif,l
tvSqkH;pum;rsm;eJU csdKaomterf;wpfck 'gawG rm,mqkdwm odcJhvJ
vSnhfjzm;jcif;&JU 'DEIwfcrf;av;rsm; &ifrSm ,kHMunfcsifol jiif;zkdUcuf
tvSqkH; rif;ypfvkdufwJh tqdyfvl;jrm;wpfpif;aygh 'g[m aoEkdifw,f av
odcJhvJ tcsdpfa& a&Smifwdrf;ypfvkdufzkdUtwGuf ig rpOf;pm; rdcJh
emusifapcsifol rif;av;twGuf
csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; ightwGuf tcspf a&
csdKaomt½IH;rsm; csdKjrdefaomt½IH; csdKaomt½IH;rsm; (ay;ol)
'g[m odyfNyd; ½l;oGyfvGef;wJh arQmfvifhcsufwpfck b,fawmhrSrif; tcspfrSm
r[kwfcJhvnf; (odw,f tcspfa&) olay;cJhzl;wJh arQmfvifh csufav;rkdU
&ifxJrSm 'Dtcsdefwkdif odrf;qnf;xm;rdcJh
(t½IH;rsm;)4 t½IH;rsm; t½IH;rsm; (a&) t½IH;rsm; (ay;ol)4 ([m(
nDrQjcif;
xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; - jrifhrdk;atmif
reufcif;av;ukd jrifawGU&EkdifzkdUtwGuf vrf;aysmufwJhnawG paw;
r,f teDa&miftvSqkH; ESif;qD yGifhvef;zkdUqkd ql;cufrsm;tjzpf
paw;r,f 0rf;enf;jcif;pum;awGukd rvkdtyfawmhNyDav tm;vkH;
rif;,loGm;yg 'DaMuuGJjcif;awG&,f twkdif;tqeJUxyfwlbJ rif;urÇm
av;rSNidrf;ap
(tkd rif;twGufqkd tm;vkH;ukd tjrJay;qyfzkdU&Sdw,f rif;av;aysmf&Gif
zkdUtwGuf rif;twGufqkd tmvkH;ukd tjrJay;qyfzkdU&Sdw,f tcsdefwkdif;
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rif;twGuf) rif;av;&JUEIwfcrf;rSm tcsdKqkH;aom&DoH cPavmuf
Mum;&EkdifzkdU 'Dikda<u;jcif;awG&,f xm0&rsuf&nf rif;ukday;qyfcg
paw;r,f
tvSqkH;uAsmav; arG;zGm;zkdUav ukd,fhaoG;awGeJU a&;om;cJhr,f tkd; -
tkd; rif;,kHMunfxm; ajzodrfhjcif;pum;awGukd rvdktyfawmh NyDav
tm;vkH;rif;,loGm;yg
'Didka<u;jcif;awG&,f xm0&rsuf&nf&,f rif;udkay;qyfpaw;r,f
tkd; tkd; tkd; tkd; rif;,kHMunfyg
12
Aif;qifhAef*dk;wrf;csif;
xl;tdrfoif aw;a&; - 0if;rif;axG;
Mu,fawGpHkNyDvm; Aif;qifhtem;udkvmMuw,f rsufaphuae
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vGrf;zG,ftaMumif;udk oDzGJUw,f
awmifwef;rsm;uawmif wkef,ifaeawmhw,f igavem;vnfNyD
bmawGurÇmtwGuf ay;oGm;ovJ
bmaMumifh½L;oGyfjcif; cHoGm;ovJ
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vlawGu vHk;0 em;rvnfMubl;av
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cku©rdk;wdrf tdkwpfppD igcspfwJhAif;qifh pHkvTm xifa,mifrSm; Mu,fawG
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tmvl;pm;olawG&JUrsufESmawG igav em;vnfNyD bmawGurÇmtwGuf
csefxm;ovJ b,fvdk ½l;oGyfjcif;'Pfjyif;xefw,f 'Pf&mrsm;u
raysmufEdkifbl; vlawGu vHk;0 em;rvnfMubl;av igawmh
aMuuGJaew,f
vlawGwu,fawmh em;vnf tdk 'g[m wu,ftrSefw&m; 'DurÇmudk
Aif;qifhtqHk;xd cspfaomfvnf; tm;vHk;em;rvnfcJh 'ku©eJY
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trSefw&m;twGuf b0udk paw;oGm;&Sm&if;
cGifhvTwfcJhavw,f Mu,fawGidkaeovm; tcef;vGwfxJrSm
yef;csDum;awG tbdk;rjzwf&ufatmif wefowJhav Aif;qifh&JU
tEkynm &wemrsm; raocif tcsdefrSm ty,fcHrsm; rJh&GJUjcif;om
cH&w,f aoG;ysufoGm;atmif oa&mfMuw,f vufajr§mufvdkY b0udk
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