Massachusetts Institute of Technology DEPARTMENT OF OCEAN ENGINEERING (Center for Ocean Engineering) 2.

611 SHIP POWER and PROPULSION Problem Set #1, Propeller Problems, Due: September 26, 2006 Assume: 1knot=1.688 ft/s, standard seawater density (at 59 F) = 1.9905 lb s2/ft4 1. A survey vessel has a 10 ft diameter, B 5-90 propeller with a pitch of 10 ft. The propeller speed is 200 rpm, the boat speed is 20 knots, and the thrust reduction factor (t) is 0.12, wake fraction (w) is 0.18, and the relative rotational efficiency R is 1.0. The propeller operates as indicated by the Wageningen (Troost) Series B propeller charts. Determine: a. b. c. d. e. Thrust Shaft torque EHP of the boat The propeller shaft power (delivered power) PD The (Quasi) PC or D

The propeller is also tested at zero ship speed (bollard pull) and it is found that the engine limits the torque to 50,000 lbf ft. Determine: f. the propeller rpm and thrust at this condition

2. A propeller is to be selected for a single-screw container ship with the following features: EHP = 80000 HP, ship speed = 25 kts, maximum propeller diameter = 34 ft, w = 0.249, t = 0.18, R = 1.0, centerline depth, h = 25 ft a. Using the maximum prop diameter, determine the optimum B 5-90 design. Use the metrics below to confirm your design. a. P/D b. KT (optimum) c. KQ (optimum) d. o (optimum) e. J f. Developed HP g. The (Quasi) PC or D h. RPM From the consideration of cavitation, determine: i. The predicted cavitation (%) using the Burrill correlation j. The expanded area ratio (EAR) to provide 5% cavitation for a commercial ship. Assume the operating conditions are similar to the B 5-90 propeller. 3. List the advantages and disadvantages of the fixed pitch propeller, controllable pitch propeller, and waterjet propulsion systems. List the best applications (or platform(s)) for each propulsor and supporting reasons considering the mission of the platform. (expectation: half a page of concise thought).

1. A survey vessel has a 10 ft diameter, B 5-90 propeller with a pitch of 10 ft. The propeller speed is 200 rpm, the boat speed is 20 knots, and the thrust reduction factor (t) is 0.12, wake fraction (w) is 0.18, and the relative rotational efficiency R is 1.0. The propeller operates as indicated by the Wageningen (Troost) Series B propeller charts. Determine: a. b. c. d. e. Thrust Shaft torque EHP of the boat The propeller shaft power (delivered power) PD The (Quasi) PC or D

The propeller is also tested at zero ship speed (bollard pull) and it is found that the engine limits the torque to 50,000 lbf ft. Determine: f. the propeller rpm and thrust at this condition

a. Prop. Thrust.
Given variables
d := 10ft
t := .12

p := 10ft
w := .18

p_over_d :=

p d

n_rpm := 200

Vs := 20knot

R := 1

:= 1.9905 lb

sec ft

Velocity of Approach

VA := Vs ( 1 w) n_rpm 60 sec 1 s VA J1 := n d KT := .12

m VA = 8.437 s J1 = 0.83 KQ := .023

4

Advance Ratio

n :=

n = 3.333

Use the B 5-90 prop curve to determine KT and KQ

Thrust := KT n d
2 4

Thrust = 2.654 10 lb

b. Shaft Torque
Torque := KQ n d
2 5

c. Shaft powerr delivered

PD := 2 n

Torque lb 550 ft sec

Torque = 5.087 10 lb ft

hp

PD = 1.937 10 hp

d. EHP

PE := Thrust ( 1 t ) 550

Vs lb ft sec PE = 1.433 10 hp
3

hp
D := PE PD D = 0.74

e. Quasi Efficiency

f. Propeller rpm and thrust at 50,000.

Advance_velocity := 0 Torque max := 50000 lb ft

n o :=

Torque max KQ d R
2 4
5

no = 3.305

1 s n q := n o 60 sec
7 2

n q = 198.286

Thrust q := KT n q d

Thrust q = 9.391 10 s lb

2. A propeller is to be selected for a single-screw container ship with the following features: EHP = 80000 HP, ship speed = 25 kts, maximum propeller diameter = 34 ft, w = 0.249, t = 0.18, R = 1.0, centerline depth, h = 25 ft a. Using the maximum prop diameter, determine the optimum B 5-90 design. Use the metrics below to confirm your design. a. P/D b. KT (optimum) c. KQ (optimum) d. o (optimum) e. J f. Developed HP g. The (Quasi) PC or D h. RPM From the consideration of cavitation, determine: i. The predicted cavitation (%) using the Burrill correlation j. The expanded area ratio (EAR) to provide 5% cavitation for a commercial ship. Assume the operating conditions are similar to the B 5-90 propeller.
Given
V2 := 25 knot EHP := 80000 hp d 2 := 34 ft w2 := .249 t2 := .18 R := 1 h := 25

First we must combine a couple of equations in order to get all the information we know in terms of KT and J.

ft lb sec R2 := 550 hp

EHP V2

T2 :=

R2 1 t2

Kt :=

T2 n2 d2
2 4

V2 J2 := n 2 d 2

Kt J2
2

ft lb sec 550 hp
3 2

( EHP)

V2 d 2 1 t2 1 w2

)(

= 0.55

Now we can plot the function KT = 0.55 * J2 on the B 5-90 curve graph. Drawing a verticle line where the function plot and each KT - P/D intersect will provide a value for KT and o. Starting with a logical P/D (.5 for example), step though P/D values, recording KT and o. Take note at the peak value for o, That will determine optimal values. found: P/D = 1.2 KT=.29 o = .6 Using the curves posted on the web, I

a. P/D = 1.2 b. KT(opt) = .29 c. KQ(opt) = .055 d. o = .6 e. J = 0.726

1t PC := o2 1 w R EHP PD2 := PC n2 = 1.284 1 s Q2 := Kq n d
2 5

Kt := .29 Kq := .055 o2 := .6 J2 = 0.726

J2 :=

Kt .55

f. HP = 124200 HP g. PC = .644 h. RPM = 77.012

1 w2 n 2 := V2 J2 d 2

PD2 = 1.242 10 hp

PC = 0.644 N2 = 77.012

N2 := n 2 60 s

Cavitation Calculations
2

EAR := 90

P_over_D_ans := 1.2

h := 25ft

A E := EAR

d2 4

assume AD ~ AE

A P := A E [ 1.067 0.229( P_over_D_ans ) ]

T

2 2 VR := V2 ( 1 w2) + ( 0.7 n d 2)

C :=

AP

1 2

VR

A E = 7.591 10 m

C = 5.421 10

10

1 A s
2

2026 0.7R :=

ft

4 4

+ 64.4

ft

3 4

h sec

sec
2

sec

1 2 ft VR + 4.836 N2 d 2 s
2 0.2

0.7R = 1.095 10

C :=

C A s + 0.3064 0.523 0.7R 0.03050.7R

0.2

0.0174

C = 17.791

% cavitation

Negative cavitation indicates that it is not a problem with at this speed

i. Cavitation = - 17.8%
Cn := C .0305 0.7R

0.2

0.2 . 0174 .3064 + .523 0.7R

A pn :=

.5 V 2 Cn R

EARn :=

A pn

2 1.067 .229 1.2 34 4

( )

j. = EAR is much less than one, Changing to meet these requirements would not be necessary. (This will be considered extra credit)

3. List the advantages and disadvantages of the fixed pitch propeller, controllable pitch propeller, and waterjet propulsion systems. List the best applications (or platform(s)) for each propulsor and supporting reasons considering the mission of the platform. (expectation: half a page of concise thought).
For full credit - A brief discussion similar to that in chapter 6 of the text, At least 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of each and an example of where each has been used sucessfully.